Rizal’s Birth-Before Leaving the Philippines

(1861-1885)
 José Protasio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda was born on June 19, 1861
to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo in the town of Calamba in the
province of Laguna. He had nine sisters and one brother. At the early age of
three, the future political leader had already learned the English alphabet.
And, by the age of five, José could already read and write.
 While he originally obtained a land surveyor and assessor’s degree in
Ateneo, Rizal also took up a preparatory course on law at the University of
Santo Tomas (UST). But when he learned that his mother was going blind,
he decided to switch to medicine school in UST and later on specialized
in ophthalmology.
 In May 1882, he decided to travel to Madrid in Spain, and earned his
Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Manila moves to Madrid- First Home Coming (1886-1887)

 May 1, 1882- Rizal left Calamba and was able to reach Manila after ten
hours of journey via a carromata.
 Before leaving, he heard the mass at Santo Domingo Church in the Wailed
City and the proceeded to Pasig to board the cruiser Salvadora, boung for
Singapore.
 Chapter 6In Sunny Spain (1882-1885)(Summary)Introduction
 Jose Rizal finished his medical course in the University of Santo
Tomas.Then he decided to complete his studies in Spain due to the radical
prejudice of Dominican Professors against Filipino Students. Aside from this
ostensible reason,
 he had a “Secret Mission”, which was more important than finishing his
studies.
 Rizal’s Secret Mission
 The secret mission of Rizal is to observe keenly the life and
culture,languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government
laws of European nation in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of
liberating hisfellow-men.His mission was approved by his older brother
Paciano, Rizal leave withoutpermission and blessing from his parents.
 Secret Departure for Spain
 The departure of Rizal was kept secret to avoid the detection by theSpanish
authorities and the friars, even his own parents. Only selected personknows
the secret departure of Rizal, including his brother Paciano and the
AteneoJesuit fathers. The Jesuit priests gave him letters of recommendation
to themembers of their Society in Barcelona. On May3, 1882, Rizal departed
on board theSpanish steamer
 Salvadora
 bound for Singapore.
 Singapore
 During the voyage, Rizal observed the he is the only Filipino on the
ship.The ship captain, Donato Lecha, from Asturias, Spain, befriend him. On
May 9,1882, the Ship docked at Singapore. Rizal landed, registered at the
 Hotel de la Paz,and spent two days for sightseeing; there he saw the statue of
Sir Thomas StanfordRaffles (founder of Singapore).
 From Singapore to Colombo
 Rizal transferred to ship
 Djemnah and he left to Europe on May 11. It wasa French vessel therefore
French mostly spoken on board. On May 17, Djemnahreach Point Galle, a
seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).The following day,
Djemnah resume the voyage, after a few hours of sailing, they reach
Colombo, the capital of Ceylon on the same day.
 First Trip through Suez Canal
 From Colombo, Djemnah continued the voyage crossing the Indian Oceanto
the Cape of Guardafui, Africa, and then a stopover on Aden. From Aden
Djemnahproceeded to the city of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez
Canal. It took fivedays to traverse the Suez Canal.At Port Said, the
Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal, Rizal landedand he was
fascinated to hear the multi-racial inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues.
 Naples and Marseilles
 From Port Said, the Djemnah proceeded on its way to Europe. On June
11,Rizal reached Naples. On the night of June 12, the steamer docked at the
Frenchharbor of Marsielles. He stayed two and a half day in Marsielles, he
visited the
 famous Chateau d’lf, wh
 ere Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte Cristo.
 Barcelona
 On the afternoon of May 15, Rizal left Marseilles by train; he crossed
thePyrences and stopped for a day at Port Bou. After the passport inspection
at PortBou, he contribute his journey, and he reached Barcelona on June 16,
1882.
 Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona was unfavorable; he found out that the
 people were open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous. The Filipinos in
Barcelona,some of whom even his schoolmates on the Ateneo, welcome
Rizal.
 Amor Patria
 Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled “Amor
 Patria
 ” (Love of Country)his first article written on Spanish’s soil. He sent the
article to Basilio Teodoro
 Moran, publisher of Diaryong Tagalog, under his pen-name Laong Laan.
Amor Patriaappeared on the newspaper on August 20, 1882, with tagalong
version translatedby M.H.Del Pilar.Rizal wrote again for Diaryong Tagalog;
Los Viajes (Travels), Revisita deMadrid (Review of Madrid), unfortunately
Diaryong Tagalog had ceased publicationfor lack of funds.
 Manila Moves to Madrid
 Sad news, on September 15, 1882, Rizal received a letter from
Paciano,according to the letter, Philippines was ravaging by epidemic.
Another sad newsfrom Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio, intimate friend), Leonora
Rivera was began to beunhappy because of the absence of Rizal.In one of
 his letters (dated May 26, 1882) Paciano adviced Rizal to finish hismedical
course in Madrid, therefore, Rizal establish himself to Madrid.
 Life in Madrid
 On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de
Madrid(Central University of Madrid) in two courses
 Medical and Philosophy and Letters.Rizal is thirst for knowledge; he studied
a lot in Madrid and on his leisure times arereading and writing, sometimes
he is attending the reunions of Filipino

First Homecoming (1887-1888)

 As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines for the
following reasons:–Financial difficulties in Calamba–Dissatisfaction with
his studies in Madrid–Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going
home.–His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish the innocent.
 However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines
because his Noli Me Tangere angered the friars:–Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s
adviser and only brother.–Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband
of Olimpia.–Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.
 1888- The six months stay of Rizal in Calamba. This time Rizal had to go.
Due to the Spaniard’s cruel and violent colonization in the counry, He was
compelled to leave Calamba for two reasons: his presence in Calamba was
jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his friends. He could fight better
enemies and serve his country's cause with greater efficacy by writing in
foreign countries.

Rizal in London (1889-1892)

 Rizal arrived at Liverpool England on May 24 1888.
 Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the “ Anti Friar Petition of
1888”. Persecution of the Calamba Tenants. Furious attacks on Rizal.
Manuel Hidalgo was exiled to Bohol. Laureano Viado was arrested and
jailed in Bilibid Prison
 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands)
Published in Mexico 1609 “Morga’s work is an excellent book”
 1888- Rizal explored other country to know about the how the people of the
government govern their people.
 Dec, 11,1888- Rizal went to Spain , visited Madrid and Barcelona. Marcelo
H. del Pilar Mariano Ponce
 Feb.15,1889- Founded La Solidaridad
 March 19, 1889 Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Becket family (Particularly
Gertrude) and left for Paris

Exile in Dapitan (1892-1896)

 Jose Rizal's arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892 had become very sensational
among the Filipinos. His popularity feared the Spaniards, and as such, payed
 careful attention to his every moves – all houses where he had been were
searched and the Filipinos seen in his company were suspected.
 As he had planned, on July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in the
house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila.
 Aboard the steamer Cebu and under heavy guard, Rizal left Manila, sailing
to Mindoro and Panay, until he reached Dapitan at seven o'clock in the
evening of June 17.
 From that day until July 31, 1896, Dapitan became the bare witness to one of
the most fruitful periods in Rizal's life.
 In 1887, during his medical practice in Calamba, he invented a special type
of lighter called sulpukan which he sent to Blumentritt as a gift. According
to Rizal, the wooden lighter's mechanism was based on the principle of
compressed air. Another of his inventions was the wooden brick-maker can
manufacture about 6,000 bricks a day.
The Final Homecoming (1896)
 October 8, 1896- Rizal learned that the Madrid papers were full of stories
regarding the revolutions in the Philippines and he was blamed from it.
 October 11, 1896•Rizal’s diary was confiscated during his way to Port Said,
his cabin was searched nothing significant was found.
 On November 11, 1896 his diary was returned.
 Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez. Dispatch telegrams to an English
lawyer in Singapore named Hugh Fort to rescue Rizal when his arrive, by
means of writ of habeas corpuz.

RIZAL'S DEATH
 José Rizal called for peaceful reform of Spain's colonial rule in the
Philippines. After his 1896 execution, he became an icon for the nationalist
movement.
 December 30, 1896, when he was 35 years old. His execution created more
opposition to Spanish rule.
 Spain's control of the Philippines ended in 1898, though the country did not
gain lasting independence until after World War II. Rizal remains a
nationalist icon in the Philippines for helping the country take its first steps
toward independence.
Rizal Works
and Writing

Submitted by: Leah Joy Valenzuela

Submitted to: Mrs. Remy Ng