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Introduction To Psychology

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Introduction to psycholo

Unit 1
• Psychology – Definition, Origin, Science,
Methods and Branches of Psychology
The Word “PSYCHOLOGY”
• The word ‘psychology’ has its origin in two
Greek words ‘psyche’ and ‘logos’. The word
‘psyche’ in Greek language refers to ‘spirit’ or
‘soul’ and the word ‘logos’ refers to ‘discourse’
or ‘study’.
Definition
 Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes. The simplicity of this definition is in some ways
deceiving, concealing ongoing debates about how broad the
scope of psychology should be.

 It encompasses not just what people do but also their thoughts,


emotions, perceptions, reasoning processes, memories, and even
the biological activities that maintain bodily functioning.

 Psychologists try to describe, predict, and explain human


behavior and mental processes, as well as helping to change and
improve the lives of people and the world in which they live.
Psychology includes:
• Study of experience: Psychologists study a variety of human experiences which
are mainly personal or private in nature. They may range from experiences of
dream, conscious experiences at different stages of life and experiences.

• Study of mental processes: Psychology as the study of mental processes tries to


investigate the activities happening in the brain which are primarily non
physiological in nature. These mental processes include perception, learning,
remembering and thinking.

• Study of behaviour: The range of behaviours studied in psychology is very


broad. It includes simple reflexes (e.g. eye blinking), common response patterns
such as talking to friends, verbal reports about feelings and internal states.
Different fields of Psychology
History of Psychology

René Decartes (1596- 1650) John Locke (1632 -1704)


Cartesian Dualism “Materialism”,“Tabula Rasa”
PAUL BROCA (1824- 1880)
FRANKENSTEIN (Fictional
Brain as machine
Character)
Wilhelm Wundt, 1st Psychological
Laboratory in Germany. Franz Josef Gall proposes Phrenology.
Sigmund Freud – Unconscious mind

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