OPINION TYPE

MIXED

DISCUSSION TYPE

PROBLEM ISSUE ? ?

OPINION-LED

ARGUMENT-LED

Essential Guidebook for

IELTS WRITING 2

ngeIELTS K BI
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Understanding The Concept
1 Type Of Question
1 AssessMent Criteria
2 Task Response (TR)
2 Coherence And Cohesion (CC)
3 Lexical Resource (LR)
3 Grammatical Tange and Accuracy (GRA)

4 Tabel Band Descriptor

6 Writing Answer Sheet
7 Penalty In Writing Ielts
8 Type Of Questions
10 Essay Organization
10 Introduction (3-4 Sentences)
11 Body (2-3 Paragraphs)
12 Conclusion

13 Useful Statement
15 Opinion-Led
15 Argument-Led
16 Problem Issue (cause effect)
16 Problem Issue (cause solution)
17 Problem Issue (effect solution) OPINION TYPE

17 Discussion Type MIXED

18 Opinion Type
18 Mixed DISCUSSION TYPE

PROBLEM ISSUE ? ?

OPINION-LED

ARGUMENT-LED
 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT
For academic modules, the answer is worth 66% of the available
marks of writing, so you should allow 40 minutes to complete task 2.
· This assesses how you could make an essay
· You should complete this essay within 40 minutes
· It has a minimum word of 250

Type of Question
a. Opinion-led
b. Argument-led
c. Problem-issue
1) Cause-solution
2) Cause-consequence
3) Consequence-solution
d. Discussion type
e. Opinion type
f. Mixed

Assessment Criteria
Every report is read four times by an examiner and each time, it
will be marked on one of the following criteria:
a. Task Response (TR)
b. Coherence and Cohesion (CC)
c. Lexical Resource (LR)
d. Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA)

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 1

Task Response (TR)

In both academic and general training writing test, task 2 requires

the candidate to formulate and develop a position in relation to a
given prompt in the form of a question or statement. Ideas should
be supported by evidence and examples. Responses must be at least
250 words in length.

The examiner has the following questions in mind when assessing

this aspect of your report:
1. Have you sufciently addressed all parts of the task?
2. Have you presented a clear response to the questions asked?
3. Have you presented well-developed ideas by presenting,
extending, and supporting them?
4. Have you avoided over-generalization and absolute statements?
5. Have you avoided repetitive conclusions or vague/under-
developed ideas?

Coherence and Cohesion (CC)

This criterion is concerned with the overall clarity and uency of the
message: how the response organizes and link information, ideas,
language. Coherence refers to the linking of ideas through logical
sequencing. Cohesion refers to the varied and appropriate use of
cohesive devices (for example, logical connectors, pronouns, and
conjunction) to assist in making the conceptual and referential
relationships between and within sentences clear.

The examiner has the following questions in mind when assessing

this aspect of your report
1. Have you organized your information logically?
2. Is there an overall ow or progression in your report?
3. Have you organized the text in paragraphs logically and
sufciently?
4. Have you used linkers correctly, properly and sufciently?
5. Have pronouns been used correctly and do they have clear
references?
6. Have you avoided linker over-use/under-use?

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 2

Lexical Resource (LR)

This criterion refers to the range of vocabulary the candidate has

used and the accuracy and appropriacy of that use in terms of the
specic task.
The examiner takes the following points into account when
assessing this aspect of your report
1. Words
a) Range and exibility
b) Level
c) Style
d) Collocation
2. Vocabulary mistakes
a) Spelling
b) Word choice
c) Word formation

Note: when evaluating mistakes, the effect each has on the reader
and the intelligibility of your report is taken into account

Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA)

This criterion refers to the range and accurate use of the candidate's
grammatical resource as manifested in the candidate's writing at the
sentence level.
The examiner has the following questions in mind when assessing
this aspect of your report:
1. Have you used a variety of sentence structures?
2 How often have you used compound structures?
3. Mistakes
4. Grammars
5. Punctuation

Note: when evaluating mistakes, the effect each has on the reader
and the intelligibility of your report is taken into account.

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 3

 TABEL BAND DESCRIPTOR

Band 7
TA CC LR GRA

- addresses all parts of - logically organises - uses a sufcient - uses a variety of

the task information and range of vocabulary to complex structures
- presents a clear ideas; there is clear allow some exibility - produces frequent
position throughout progression and precision error-free sentences
the response throughout - uses less common - has good control of
- presents, extends - uses a range of lexical items with grammar and
and supports main cohesive devices some awareness of punctuation but may
ideas, but there may appropriately although style and collocation make a few errors
be a tendency to there may be - may produce
over generalise and/or some under-/over-use occasional errors in
supporting ideas may - presents a clear word choice, spelling
lack focus central topic within
each paragraph

Band 6
TA CC LR GRA

- addresses all parts of - arranges information - uses an adequate - uses a mix of simple
the task although and ideas coherently range of vocabulary and complex
some parts may be and there is a clear for the task sentence forms
more fully covered overall progression - attempts to use less - makes some errors
than others - uses cohesive common vocabulary in grammar and
- presents a relevant devices effectively, but but with some punctuation but they
position although the cohesion within inaccuracy rarely reduce
conclusions may and/or between - makes some errors communication
become unclear or sentences may be in spelling and/or
repetitive faulty or mechanical word formation, but
- presents relevant - may not always use they do not impede
main ideas referencing clearly communication
but some may be or appropriately
inadequately - uses paragraphing,
developed/unclear but not always
logically

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 4

 TABEL BAND DESCRIPTOR

Band 5
TA CC LR GRA

- addresses the task only - presents information - uses a limited - uses only a limited
partially; the format may with some organisation range of range of structures
be inappropriate in places but there may be a lack vocabulary, but - attempts complex
- expresses a position but of overall progression this is minimally sentences but these
the development is not - makes inadequate, adequate for the tend to be less
always clear and there inaccurate or over task accurate than simple
may be no use of cohesive devices - may make sentences
conclusions drawn - may be repetitive noticeable - may make frequent
- presents some main because of lack of errors in grammatical errors
ideas but these are limited referencing and spelling and/or and punctuation may
and not sufciently substitution word formation be faulty; errors can
developed; there may be - may not write in that may cause cause some difculty
irrelevant detail points; paragraphs, or some difculty for the reader
there may be a paragraphing may be for the reader
tendency to focus on detail inadequate

and
butuh b ya?
berapa
 WRITING ANSWER SHEET

Lembar jawaban untuk writing part 2 terdiri atas 40 lines dan bolak balik. Di
bagian bawah lembar jawaban ada kolom yang dikhususkan untuk examiner.
Examiner 1 dan examiner 2 akan menilai writing anda dengan merujuk pada
4 assessment criteria. Pada lembar ini juga terdapat kolom penalty.

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 6

 PENALTY IN WRITING IELTS

For the Writing Tasks, test takers will be penalized for a

number of things:

Length: Your score will be affected by the length of your essays –

not less than 150 words for WT1 and not less than 250 for WT2.
Accordingly, going over that limit too much will affect your score
negatively as this means you've included unnecessary or irrelevant
information in your essay.

Our advice?
Aim between 160 and 180 words for WT1 and 260 and 280 for
WT2.

Off-Topic: If your essay –or some of – is not related to the

question, your score will be affected negatively.

Our advice?
Some essay questions will ask you to present an argument, some
will ask for your opinion. Make sure to pay close attention to how
the question was asked, so you can answer it properly.

Legibility: If your handwriting makes it hard for the examiner to

read your essay, your score will resort to 0. Even if you have the
perfect grammar, punctuation placement, and amazing essay
essence, if your examiner can't read it, then it will all be for
naught.

Our advice? Take advantage of the mockexams given by your

chosen review center for IELTS. Write your essay as you normally
would while taking mock exams and ask feedback from your
teachers regarding your handwriting. You should take no longer
than 25 minutes for each Writing task, so before you take the
actual exam, you should already have your handwriting's
readability sorted out.

Memorised : if your essay answer is memorized, it will not be

accepted and reviewed by examiner

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 7

TYPE OF
QUESTIONS
1. Opinion-led:
Some people believe that television program has no real value for
children.

How far do you agree or disagree?

2. Argument-led:
Some people think secondary school students should study
international news as one of their subjects. Other people say this is
a waste of valuable school time.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion?

3. Advantage/Disadvantage (Discussion Type):

In some countries, it is usual for young people who graduate from
high school to spend a year working or traveling before going to
university.

What are the advantages and disadvantages for young people who
decide to do this?

4. Advantage/Disadvantage (Opinion Type):

While some people prefer to live in apartments, others do not think
an apartment is a suitable form of accommodation.

Do you think the advantages of living in an apartment outweigh the

disadvantages?

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 8

5. Problem Issue (Causes + Solutions):
Housing and accommodation has become a major problem in
many countries around the world.

What are some of the main factors that have contributed to this
problem?
What can be done to help reduce the number of homeless people?

6. Problem Issue (Consequences + Solutions):

While mobile phones have many advantages, a number of
problems have also resulted from them or the ways in which they
are used.

What are some of these problems? What solutions can you suggest
for solving these problems?

7. Problem Issue (Causes+ Consequences):

In many countries today insufcient respect is shown to older
people

What do you think may be the reasons for this? What problems
might this cause in society?

8. Mixed:
Universities should provide students with the skills they will require
in order to succeed at their future jobs.

How far do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

What are some of the job skills that employers look for in new
employees?

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 9

ESSAY ORGANISATION
Those types of questions have difference in
Task Response (TR) and Coherence &
Cohesion (CC) each other. Then you must pay
attention for how could you make the essay
organization:
1. Introduction Paragraph
2. Body
3. Conclusion

Introduction (3-4 Sentences)

The introduction paragraph should consist of:

a. Paraphrase (general statements) : a restatement of the question
b. Thesis Statements (TST) : What and how you are going to discuss
the question

When you write your introduction do not:

1. Copy the question word by word
2. Give a lot of background information

Analyze the topic and focus (the keywords)

If countries are serious about solving trafc problems, they should
tax private cars very heavily and use the money to provide free or
very cheap rail travel
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Answer (Question 1):

1. Read the questions and the instructions carefully
2. Analyze the topic and focus (the keywords)
3. Decide what you think about the question
4. Brainstorm ideas to be used in your answer
5. Fit these ideas into an essay plan divided into paragraph
6. Begin writing your introduction

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 10

Key Points (Keywords)
Keyword 1: solving trafc problem
Keyword 2: tax private cars heavily V
Keyword 3: provide free/cheap rail travel
Agree or disagree? : should tax private cars heavily?
Your opinion : Environmental Damage
Paraphrase: Many nations are facing massive trafc congestion in
the cities. This both makes travel difcult and causes
environmental damage in order to solve this problem it
is necessary to establish alternative transportation
systems such as railways.
TST: In my opinion the best way to nance the development of
public transport is to tax car drivers.

Therefore, its introduction paragraph is:

Many nations are facing massive trafc congestion in the cities.
This both makes travel difcult and causes environmental damage.
In order to solve this problem it is necessary to establish alternative
transportation systems such as railways. In my opinion the best way
to nance the development of public transport is to tax car drivers.

Body (2-3 paragraphs)

Body Paragraph ideally consists of:

· Topic Sentence 1 (Ts1)
o Which is the main point of the paragraph
· Supporting sentence 1 (Ss1)
o Supporting Detail 1 (SDI), logical inference
· Supporting sentence 2 (Ss2),
o Supporting Detail 2 (5D2), examples
· Concluding Sentence (CS)

The body is at the heart of an essay. It contains several photographs.

The purpose of the body is to explain, illustrate, discuss, or prove the
thesis statement (TST). There are three things to remember in writing
developmental paragraphs in the body:

1. Each paragraph in the body discuses one aspect of the main topic
2. The controlling idea in the developmental paragraph should echo
the central idea in the thesis statement
3. The developmental paragraphs should have coherence and unity

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 11

1. TOPIC SENTENCE (TS)
The topic sentence is the main sentence of a paragraph which
describes its content and direction. It has two important functions;
controlling idea of the paragraph, setting the tone for the
organization of supporting sentences that further explain the
concept established by the topic sentence.
A good topic sentence is:
- neither too broad nor too specic
- has a controlling idea-words or phrases that help guide the ow
of ideas in the paragraph
- must be a complete sentence. It can be a statement
- must have absolute statement (idea) and generalization idea

2. SUPPORTING SENTENCE (SS)

Supporting sentences have the following features:
1. They should directly be tied to the topic sentence
2. They develop the main idea
3. They are arranged in a logical order
4. The supporting sentence must directly be linked to the topic
sentence of the paragraph ensure unity
5. They should be proven by cause and effect relationship
Example
Topic: Mass media
Topic Sentence (TS): The mass media are often badly uses
Supporting sentences:
1. Newspaper only gives sensational
2. Radio programs are usually supercial
3. Television has bad effects on people

3. SUPPORTING DETAIL (SD)

They should be proven by using exemplication.
For example, namely, like, for instance, in the following manner,
take …. as an example, as an illustration, in particular, particularly,
- Television has bad effect on people. For example, television
commercials distort the truth about products.

Conclusion
Three types of conclusions:
1. Re-paraphrase TST
2. Restatement Body (mention TS in different words)
3. Recommendation

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 12

USEFUL
STATEMENT
Introduction

Paraphrase
a. It is generally/widely believed/accepted that …
b. It is quite clear/apparent that …
c. It is often said that …
d. It is common nowadays for ....to....
f. It goes without saying that …
g. There is an ever-increasing /over growing number of …
h. Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide/much concern …
i. Recently the problem/issue has been brought into focus …
j. Many nations have been faced with the problem …
k. One of the controversial question is…
l. One of the heated issue is …
m. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency …
n. Now there is a growing awareness …

Thesis Statement
Depend on the type of question

Body

Topic sentence
Your own idea

First supporting sentence

a. It is well known that …
b. Everybody knows that …
c. It is true/often the case that …
e. There is no denying that …
f. There is no doubt that …

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 13

Second supporting sentence
a. However/on the other hand....
b. It can also be argued that …
c. It is also well known that …
d. Another special consideration in this case is that …
e. One thing which is equally important is that …
f. In addition to/apart from this...
g. Another equally important/essential function/consideration is....

Supporting detail
a. Take ..as an example/instance.
b. ……., for instance, ….
c. A good case in point is ....is a good case in point
d. A better example of this can be best provided by.....
e. This provides a typical example/ instance/ illustration/ of

Topic
Sentence
(TS)

SS1 SS2 SS3

SD1 SD2 SD3

CS

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 14

 OPINION-LED
Some people argue that it is not wise for
an industry to replace its experienced but
old workers with new and young yet
inexperienced individuals.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Essay Organization:
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. Paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement :
1) I strongly agree…………
2) I strongly disagree………..
3) I partly agree…………..
- Body I (absolute I): rst reason supporting the reason example
- Body II (absolute II): second reason supporting the reason example
- Body III (generalization/refutation)
- Conclusion: Restatement thesis statement

ARGUMENT-LED
Some people support modern developments in
agriculture such as factory farming and creation of
new types of fruits and vegetables. However, other
people oppose this view.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. Paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement : I will discuss both views and give my own opinion
- Body I = view I
o Paraphrase view I reasons that supporting view I examples
- Body II = view II
o Paraphrase view II reasons that supporting view II examples
- Conclusion = your opinion, which view that you want to support. Don't
forget to support your views and give recommendation

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 15

 PROBLEM ISSUE
(CAUSE EFFECT)
In many countries today insufcient respect is
shown to older people.
What do you think may be the reason for this?
What problems might this cause in society?

Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. Paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement : This essay will try to
identify the factors contributing to this
and also explain some effect that may
emerge of this
- Body I = question I (cause)
o Paraphrase Q1 causes examples
- Body II = question II (effect)
o Paraphrase Q II effects examples
- Conclusion = mention main point of the
body and you my give the
recommendation

PROBLEM ISSUE (CAUSE SOLUTION)

Nowadays, we are producing more and more rubbish.
Why do you think this is happening?
What can government do to help reduce the amount of rubbish?

Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement: This essay will try to identify the factors contributing
to this and also explain some solution to tackle this problem
- Body I = question I (cause)
o Paraphrase Q1 causes examples
- Body II = question II (solution)
o Paraphrase QII solution examples
- Conclusion = mention main point of the body and you my give the
recommendation

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 16

PROBLEM ISSUE
(EFFECT SOLUTION)
Many people today are worried about cybercrime such as
hacking and identify theft.
What problems does cybercrime cause?
What solutions can you suggest for ordinary people and
businesses to take?

Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. Paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement: This essay will try to identify the consequences
that would emerge and also explain some solution to tackle this
problem
- Body I = question I (effect)
o Paraphrase Q1 effect examples
- Body II = question II (solution)
o Paraphrase Q II solution examples
- Conclusion = mention main point of the body and you my give the
recommendation

DISCUSSION TYPE
With the increasing popularity of computers and
calculators, student literacy is decreasing dramatically
What are the positive and negative effects the progress
of science and technology has brought about?
Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. Paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement: This essay will try to identify the positive and
negative side of this topic
- Body I = (positive points)
o Paraphrase Q1 positive points examples
- Body II = (negative points)
o Paraphrase Q II negative points examples
- Conclusion = mention main point of the body and you my give the
recommendation

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 17

 OPINION TYPE
In many cities the use of video cameras
in public places is being increased in
order to reduce crime, but some people
believe that these measures restrict our
individual freedom.
Do the benets of increased security
outweigh the drawbacks?
Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement :
· I believe that the benets do outweigh the drawbacks.
· I believe that the drawbacks do outweigh the benet.
- Body I = (positive points)
o Paraphrase Q1 positive points examples
- Body II = (negative points)
o Paraphrase Q II negative points examples
- Body III + conclusion= your opinion, which view that you want to
support. Don't forget to support your views and give recommendation

MIXED Nowadays the way people interact with each other has
changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of
relationships people make?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
Essay Organization
- Introduction (2-3 sentence)
a. paraphrase the question
b. Thesis statement : This essay will try to identify the positive and
negative side of this topic
- Body I = (question I)
o Paraphrase Q1 answer Q1 examples
- Body II = (negative points)
o Paraphrase Q II answer Q2 examples
- Conclusion = mention main point of the body and you my give the
recommendation

Essential Guidebook for IELTS Writing 2 18

Don't downgrade your dream
just to fit your reality.
Upgrade your conviction
to match your destiny.

John Assaraf

ngeIELTS
IELTS is easy for me. K BI
@ngeielts kobi.co.id