GRADE 10 Second Quarter 3.

Maracatu cearense
Brought to Fortaleza, Ceará in 1936, maracatu cearense has since been cultivated as the
city's most distinctive carnival performance tradition, owing in part to its use of
AFRO-LATIN AND POPULAR MUSIC blackface makeup to enact Afro-brazilian characters and male-to- female reenactment
The term Afro-Latin American refers specifically to Sub-Saharan African ancestry. of the important female personages, particularly the queen.
Normally Afro-Latin Americans are called "black.“ Its rhythms are described locally as cadenciado, "cadenced," which amounts to a less
syncopated, steadier 2/4 timeline and a slower tempo than is found in the maracatu de
AFRICAN MUSIC nação of Pernambuco, sometimes as slow as 45 beats per minute.

Given the vastness of the continent, the traditional music of Africa is historically ancient, Vocal Music
rich, and diverse, with the different regions and nations of Africa having distinct musical African vocal music is wide ranging in its style and use of conventions but generally,
traditions. African languages are tone languages. This means that the way the words are said can
Traditional music in much of the continent is passed down orally (or aurally) and is not be related to pitches (high or low).
written. In Sub-Saharan African music traditions, it also frequently relies heavily on Therefore the melodies and rhythms of a song often come directly from the way they
percussion instruments of every variety, including xylophones, drums, and tone- talk, as the pitches match the meaning of the words.
producing instruments such as the mbira or "thumb piano."
Vocal Forms
African music is a vital part of everyday life in Africa. It is part of religious ceremonies,
festivals, and social rituals. Songs are used for the important eventsin a person’s life. 1. Call and response
They are used for curing the sick, bringing rain and religious dances. Many Africans The call and response is a form of music composition wherein a vocalist or
believe that music serves as a link with the spirit world. Everyone plays an active part in instrumentalist will sing or play a phrase and another vocalist or instrumentalist will
the musical life of the community. Music is ultimately tied to the things that are most answer with another phrase creating a lively exchange.
important to the welfare of the people.
2.Blues
Maracatu: An Afro-Brazilian performance genre involving dance and music. is a genre and musical form that originated in African-American communities in the
Rhythm is its main element. "Deep South" of the United States around the end of the 19th century. Blues as a genre
1. Maracatu Nacao: possesses other characteristics such as lyrics, bass lines, and instruments. The lyrics of
- an Afro-Brazilian performance genre early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times. It was only in
- Traditional nações perform by parading with a drumming group of 80-100, a singer and the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became
chorus, and a coterie of dancers and stock characters including the king and queen. standard: the so-called AAB pattern, consisting of a line sung over the four first bars, its
Dancers and stock characters dress and behave to imitate the Portuguese royal court of repetition over the next four, and then a longer concluding line over the last bars.
the Baroque period. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Mbhira
2. Maracatu rural
(thumb piano)
-is considered to be Afro-indigenous in origin
-its members, typically sugarcane workers, are involved with the native-
influenced Catimbó religion.
-Maracatu rural has a high participation rate with dozens of groups in operation.
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC A lyrical fusion of samba and jazz, bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s,
initially among young musicians and college students.
The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America namely 6. Reggae is a music genre which has its roots in Latin and Caribbean music. Its sound
the Romance-speaking countries and territories of the Americas and the Caribbean derived from the Reggae en Español from Panama. In Puerto Rico, this Spanish Reggae
south of the United States. The origins of Latin American music can be traced back to the took on different lyrics and instrumentation and came to be known as Reggaeton. Vocals
Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas in the 16th century, when the include rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. Lyrics tend to be in a hip hop style.
European settlers brought their music from overseas. Latin American music is performed
in Spanish, Portuguese, and to a lesser extent, French. 7. Foxtrot is a smooth, progressive dance characterized by long, continuous flowing
Vocal and Dance form: movements across the dance floor. It is danced to big band (usually vocal) music. The
dance is similar in its look to waltz, although the rhythm is in a 4/4 time
1. Cumbia signature instead of 3/4. Developed in the 1910s, the foxtrot reached its height of
a music genre popular throughout Latin America. The Cumbia originated in Colombia's popularity in the 1930s, and remains practiced today.
Caribbean coastal region. Cumbia began as a courtship dance practiced among the
African population, which was later mixed with Amerindian steps and European and 8. Pasodoble, or paso doble, (literal meaning in Spanish: double-step) is a Spanish light
African instruments and musical characteristics. music, with a binary rhythm and moderated movement, probably based in typical
2. Tango Spanish dances of the 16th century. During the 18th century it was incorporated to
is a dance that has influences from European and African culture. Dances from comedies and was adopted as a regulatory step for the Spanish infantry, with a special
the candombe ceremonies of former slave peoples helped shape the modern day Tango. feature that makes the troops can take the regular step: 120 steps per minute. The
The dance originated in lower-class districts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The music music was introduced in bullfights during the 19th century. It is played during the
derived from the fusion of various forms of music from Europe. The word "tango" seems bullfighters' entrance to the ring (paseo) or during the passes (faena) just before the kill.
to have first been used in connection with the dance in the 1890s, possibly related to the It corresponds to the pasodoble dance (traditional and ballroom).
Latin word "tangere" but more likely related to the African slave word "tango" (drum or The traditional couple's dance was originated in France and then adopted in Spain and
dance place). Portugal.

3. Cha-cha 9. Jazz
The cha-cha-cha, or simply cha-cha, is the name of a dance of Cuban origin. -started in African-American Communities
It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and -makes heavy use of improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swung note, as
violinist Enrique Jorrín in the early 1950s. This rhythm was developed from the danzón- well as aspects of European harmony, American popular music, the brass band tradition,
mambo. The name is onomatopoeic, derived from the shuffling of the dancers' feet. and African musical elements.

4. Rumba is a family of percussive rhythms, song and ballroom dance that originated Instrumental Music:
in Cuba as a combination of various musical traditions. The name derives from the 1. Ragtime
Cuban Spanish word rumbo which means "party" or "spree". It is secular, with no -main feature is ragged or off-beat rhythm
religious connections. -started as a dance in African Communities in New Orleans
-generally in duple meter
5. Bossa nova is a genre of Brazilian music, which developed and was popularized in the -performed at a moderate march tempo
1950s and '60s and is today one of the best-known Brazilian music genres abroad. The
phrase bossa nova means literally "new trend" (Portuguese pronunciation).
2. Bigband a. Ballad- a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the
-is associated with jazz and swing, came during the 1920’s Medieval French chanson balladée or ballade, which were originally "dancing songs".
-consists of brass, woodwind, and rhythm instruments Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles
-terms like: jazz band, jazz ensemble from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively
ex: Frank Sinatra across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa.

3. Bebop - a style of jazz, characterized by a fast Tempo. As bebop was no longer a b. Standard- a tune or song of established popularity. Presently, a general character of
dance music, it enabled the musicians to play at faster tempos. Bebop musicians standards is that they have remained in popular currency for several decades, and that
explored advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords, chord they are performed (or "covered," in the musical vernacular) by several different
substitutions, asymmetrical phrasing, intricate melodies and using rhythm sections in a musicians or bands. Another common (but by no means definitive) use of 'standards' is
way that expanded on their role. as a synonym for 'crossover' - describing a work that 'crosses', or is popular in, more
than one genres.
4. Jazz Rock - a musical fusion genre that developed from mixing funk and RnB rhythm.
The amplification and electronic effects of rock music, complex time signatures derived c. Rock and Roll
from non-Western music. It is typically instrumental compositions with jazz approach to -the most popular form of music in the Western world in the 1950’s to the mid- 1990’s
lengthy group improvisations, often using wind and brass and displaying a high level of -electric guitar, drum set , and piano or keyboard makes up the popular instruments of
instrumental technique. It was created around the late 1960s. rock and roll
-Elvis Presley was known as the king of rock and roll in the 50’s
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS -”My Baby Rocks Me with a Steady Roll”
-years after, Rock and Roll was simply called rock music

d. Disco
-from the French word “discotheque”,meaning, a “library for phonograph”
-later on, the term was used for night clubs
-became popular in the 70’s
-has the styles of funk, Latin and soul
CHARACTERISTICS:
-soaring and reverberating vocals
-syncopated bass lines, lush background sound: electronic keyboard and guitar, strings
and horns
POPULAR MUSIC
-a generic term for music of all ages that appeal to popular tastes, whereas pop music
e. Alternative Music
usually refers to a specific musical genre.
-a genre of rock music with the music of punk, new wave, and hardcore punk
-emerged during 80’s
Characteristics of Popular music;
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic
-distorted sound of the guitar
accompaniment.
2. The lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and
-use of transgressive lyrics
romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions. -expresses social ideals, environmentalism, artistic and individuality
-does not follow the typical and traditional norms of music