Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge Ordinary Level

* 4 1 2 1 9 0 8 7 2 6 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2016
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (LEG/SG) 107871/4
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
 2

Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 45.

A1 Choose from the following compounds to answer the questions below.

BaCl 2
C 2H 4
C 3H 4
C 3H 8
CO
CO2
K2SO4
Na3PO4
SO2
ZnSO4

Each of these compounds can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give a compound which

(a) is an acidic atmospheric pollutant from volcanic eruptions,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) is a saturated hydrocarbon,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution which gives a white precipitate on addition of
aqueous sodium hydroxide,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) reduces iron(III) oxide to iron in the blast furnace,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) contributes to the process of eutrophication.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 3

A2 Farmers add fertilisers such as ammonium sulfate to the soil to increase the rate of plant growth.

(a) Write the formulae of the ions present in ammonium sulfate.

................................................................... and ................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe a test for ammonium ions.

test ............................................................................................................................................

observation ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) When ammonia dissolves in water, ammonium ions and hydroxide ions are formed.

Write the ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous ammonia with sulfuric acid.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 4

A3 The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

(a) State two properties of a homologous series.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Draw the structures of the branched and unbranched alkanes having four carbon atoms.

Show all the atoms and all the bonds.

[2]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 5

(c) The graph shows how the melting points of the first nine unbranched alkanes vary with the
number of carbon atoms per molecule.

–50
melting point
/ °C –100

–150

–200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
number of carbon atoms per molecule

(i) Describe how the melting points of these alkanes change with the number of carbon
atoms.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the melting point of the unbranched alkane which has ten
carbon atoms.

......................................................°C [1]

(d) (i) Construct the equation for the complete combustion of pentane, C5H12.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Name the products of the incomplete combustion of pentane and explain why the
incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons is hazardous to health.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 6

A4 Propanone, CH3COCH3, reacts with iodine, I2, to form colourless products.

CH3COCH3 + I2 CH3COCH2I + HI

The reaction is catalysed by hydrochloric acid.

The table shows how the relative rate of this reaction changes when different concentrations of
propanone, iodine and hydrochloric acid are used.

experiment concentration of concentration of relative rate

CH3COCH3 concentration of I2
hydrochloric acid of reaction
in mol / dm3
in mol / dm3 in mol / dm3

1 0.025 0.024 0.12 5.1

2 0.050 0.024 0.12 10.2
3 0.050 0.024 0.06 5.1
4 0.050 0.012 0.06 5.1

(a) Describe how increasing the concentration of each of these substances affects the relative
rate of reaction.

propanone ................................................................................................................................

iodine ........................................................................................................................................

hydrochloric acid .......................................................................................................................

[3]

(b) Increasing the temperature increases the rate of this reaction.

Explain why, in terms of kinetic particle theory.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Iodine has several isotopes.

What are isotopes?

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Astatine, At, is a halogen.

Aqueous iodine reacts with aqueous astatide ions, At–, to produce astatine.

Construct the ionic equation for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 7

(e) Aqueous hydrogen iodide reduces hydrogen peroxide to water.

H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I–(aq) 2H2O(l) + I2(aq)

Explain how iodide ions act as a reducing agent in this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 8

A5 Nickel carbonyl, Ni(CO)4, reacts with hydrogen iodide.

Ni(CO)4(l) + 2HI(g) NiI2(s) + H2(g) + 4CO(g)

(a) Calculate the percentage by mass of nickel in nickel carbonyl.

...................................................... % [2]

(b) Calculate the maximum volume of gas formed at room temperature and pressure when 1.71 g
of nickel carbonyl reacts completely with hydrogen iodide.

maximum volume of gas formed .......................... [3]

(c) The structure of a nickel carbonyl molecule is shown.

CO

OC Ni CO

CO

Predict two physical properties of nickel carbonyl.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 9

(d) The proton numbers and accurate relative atomic masses of cobalt and nickel are shown in
the table.

cobalt nickel
proton number 27 28
relative atomic mass 58.9 58.7

Suggest why cobalt has a higher relative atomic mass than nickel.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) An aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide is a strong acid.

What is meant by the term strong acid ?

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 10

A6 Sodium and rubidium are alkali metals.

(a) Explain how metals conduct electricity.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) State two trends in the properties of the alkali metals.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Name the products formed when rubidium reacts with water.

................................................................... and ................................................................... [2]

(d) Titanium is extracted from titanium(IV) chloride by reduction with molten sodium.

TiCl 4 + 4Na 4NaCl + Ti

Suggest why sodium reduces titanium(IV) chloride.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 11

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 12

Section B

Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 30.

B7 In the contact process, sulfur trioxide is made by the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide. In a
closed container the following equilibrium is set up.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

The reaction is exothermic.

(a) Name the catalyst used in this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram of an oxygen molecule.

Show only the outer shell electrons.

[1]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 13

(c) The graph shows the percentage yield of sulfur trioxide at different temperatures.

100

95

90
% yield
85

80

75
100 200 300 400 500 600
temperature / °C

(i) Describe how, and explain why, the percentage yield of sulfur trioxide changes with
temperature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Suggest why the reaction is carried out at 450 °C and not at 250 °C.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Describe how, and explain why, the position of equilibrium changes when the pressure
increases.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Sulfur trioxide oxidises hydrogen bromide to form sulfur dioxide, bromine and water.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 14

B8 Propenenitrile, CH2=CHCN, is made by passing a mixture of propene, ammonia and oxygen over
a catalyst at 450 °C.

CH3CH=CH2 + NH3 + 1½O2 CH2=CHCN + 3H2O

The reaction is exothermic.

(a) Draw an energy profile diagram for this reaction on the axes shown.

On your diagram label

• the reactants and products,
• the enthalpy change for the reaction,
• the activation energy.

energy

reaction pathway

[3]

(b) Propenenitrile decolourises aqueous bromine.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 15

(c) The structure of propenenitrile is shown.

H CN

C C

H H

Draw the structure of the addition polymer formed from propenenitrile.

[2]

(d) The catalyst used in the reaction to make propenenitrile is molybdenum. Molybdenum is a
transition element.

(i) State two physical properties of molybdenum.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Molybdenum reacts with chlorine at room temperature to form molybdenum(VI) chloride,
MoCl6. Molybdenum(VI) chloride has a melting point of 254 °C.

Construct an equation for this reaction, including state symbols.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 16

B9 Both copper and magnesium are metals.

(a) Explain why magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid but copper does not.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. The table shows how the composition of brass influences
its relative strength.

composition of brass
relative strength
% copper % zinc
90 10 2.6
80 20 3.0
70 30 3.3
60 40 3.6

How does the composition of brass affect its strength?

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Use your knowledge of the structure of metals to explain why brass is stronger than pure
copper.

You may include a labelled diagram in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 17

(d) Draw a labelled diagram to show how a steel rod can be electroplated with copper.

[3]

(e) A 11.09 g sample of an oxide of copper contains 9.86 g of copper.

Deduce the empirical formula of this oxide of copper.

empirical formula ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 18

B10 A student prepared some crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate by reacting excess insoluble
copper(II) oxide with dilute sulfuric acid.

CuO + H2SO4 + 4H2O CuSO4.5H2O

(a) Describe how you would obtain pure dry crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate from the
reaction mixture.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) The student used 15.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid to prepare the crystals.

Calculate the maximum mass of hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals that could be made.

....................................................... g [3]

(c) Aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate until the ammonia is in excess.

What is observed as the aqueous ammonia is added?

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) An aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate is electrolysed using inert electrodes.

Predict the products of this electrolysis at

the anode (positive electrode), .................................................................................................

the cathode (negative electrode). .............................................................................................

[2]

[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16
 19

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2016 5070/22/O/N/16

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2016
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
20

rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

5070/22/O/N/16
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)