THEUNI

VERSI
TYOFMI
NDANAO

SUMMARY

OF

REPORTS

ChE534(
ProcessDy
nami
csandCont
rol
)

Submi
tt
edby
:

Al
exi
aDi
gnos

BSi
nChemi
cal
Engi
neer
ing

Jul
y2019
 GROUPTWOTOPI
CS

FEEDBACKCONTROLS

Afeedbackcont r
olsy stem regul
atesthei nputoft heprocesswi t
ht hehelpoft he
outputoft heprocess.Thei nputoft hesystem willbemanipulat
edt oachievethedesir
eset
pointinthepr ocess.Thiscanbeachi evedwhent heoutputofthepr ocessisanalyzedand
theer r
oriscomput edsot hatthecont r
oll
ercant akecorrecti
veactions.Wehav etwot ypes
off eedbackcont rolsyst
em ( a)Closedl oopsy stem wherei nthecont r
oll
erautomaticall
y
actst oregulatethecont r
olledv ar
iabl
ei t
sdesiredv al
ue;while(b)Open- l
oopsystem does
nothav eanyf eedbackloopmechani sm.

Weal
sohav
ewhatwecal
lcont
rol
l
ert
uni
ng,
undert
hisar
ethef
oll
owi
ng:

 Performance whi
ch is a measur
e ofhow effi
cienta cont
rol
l
erisi n
mani pul
ati
ngorcont
rol
li
ngthevari
abl
est
hataf
fectsourdesi
redpr
ocessor
products.

 Robust
ness–t hi
smeasur
eshow muchchangei
nav
ari
abl
eisneededt
o
al
tert
heloop’
sstabi
l
ity
.

ON/
OFFCONTROLSYSTEM

Thi
sisconsider
edtobet hesimplestform off
eedbackcontr
ol.Wi
ththehel
pofthe
setpoi
nt,t
hefinalel
ementwi
llei
therbefull
yturnedonortunedofdependi
ngontheposi
ti
on
ofthevari
abl
er el
ati
vet
othesetpoint
.

Someoft
headv
ant
agesoft
hist
ypeofsy
stem:

 Ef
fi
ciencycanbeboost
edbecauseofitsmechanism i
snotcompl
i
cat
edbut
si
mpleanditisal
soi
nexpensi
veandeasyt
odesign.

Someoft
hedr
awbacksar
ethef
oll
owi
ng:

 Thistypeoffeedbackcontr
olcan’tbeusedwhentheprocessi
nvol
vedneed
preci
secontrolandalsoitmayper f
orm poor
lywheni
ttri
estocontr
olr
apid
fl
uctuati
onshappeningi
nthesystem

PROPORTI
ONALCONTROL

Thegoal ofthi
stypeoflinearfeedbackcont rolsy
st em istoreducet heerrorbetween
theprocessout putandt hesetpoi ntgivenint heprocess/ system.Wemustt akenotethat
thi
st ypeofcont rolcanonlyreducet heer r
orbuti snotabl etoeliminateit.Thecorrecti
ve
actiondonebyt heproport
ionalcont r
ollerisappl i
edt ot hecont roll
edv ari
ablewhi chis
proporti
onalt
ot hedi f
fer
encebet weent hesetpoi ntandt hepr ocessvalue.Thecont r
olgain
i
st heonlyadjustablepar
amet erofthepr oport
ionalcontroll
er.
PROPORTI
ONALI
NTEGRAL(
PI)CONTROL

Thistypeofcont roliswidelyusedbecausei teli

minatesoffsetwhi chisagr eathel
p
i
nt hepr ocess/system invol
ved.Thiscanbeachi ev edbecauset hePr oport
ional-
Int
egral
contr
oll
ercombi nestheadv antagesofi ntegralcontrolwit
hpr opor t
ionalcontrol
.Thet wo
parametersofthiscontroll
eraretheintegralti
meandcont r
oll
ergain.

PROPORTI
ONAL-I
NTEGRALDERI
VATI
VE(
PID)CONTROL

Thiscont r
olcombi nest he featuresoft he di
ff
erentt ypesoff eedbackcontr
ol.
Basicall
y,thistypeofcont rolconsistsoft hreebasiccoef fici
ents:(a)proporti
onalwhi
ch
givesaf astresponsebutdoesnott otal
lyeli
mi natetheoffsetint hesystem,whi l
ethe(b)
i
ntegralpartisabletot ot
all
yeli
mi natetheof f
seti t
smajordr awbacki sthatprovi
desaslow
feedbackandl astl
y,the(c)der i
vati
vemodet akesactionbasedont heder i
vativeoft
he
controll
edv ari
ablebutwemustt akenot ethatt hi
smodedoesnothav eanyef fectont
he
offset.Thesethreeareusuallyvari
edt ogetoptimum result
s.

GROUPTHREETOPI
CS

FEEDFORWARDCONTROL

Thisty
peofcont roli
snotimplementedaloneanditi
susuallyaddedt oaf eedback
contr
ol.Themai nfuncti
onofthisofthefeedfor
wardcontr
oli
st orejectdi
sturbancesthat
cannotadequatel
yreject
edbythefeedbackcontr
olal
one.Thefeedf
orwardcontrolisagreat
hel
pinenhancingtheper f
ormanceofthecontr
olsyst
em i
mplementedinaprocess.

CASCADECONTROL

Thecascadecont r
olisveryusefuli
nreduci
ngtheeff
ectofaloaddi st
urbancethati s
l
ocatedf arfr
om thecontroll
edv ari
ableandthatmovedthroughthesystemssl owly.Thi s
typeofcont r
olcontainstwocl osedloopcascadedineachot herwherei nthef i
rstloop
control
leroutputwillbethesetpoi ntforthesecondloopcont r
oll
er.Cascadecont rol
respondsquicklyt
ol oaddist
urbancesbecausetheloopdoesnotexperienceanybuf feri
ng
withthehelpoftheinnerl
oop.

SELECTI
VECONTROL

Thist
ypeofcont
rol
isusedwhenthenumbercont
rol
l
edv
ari
abl
esi
sgr
eat
ert
hant
he
numberofmani
pul
atedvar
iabl
eint
hesystem.

ADAPTI
VECONTROL

Fr
om thenameit
self,t
histy
peoffeedbackcont
rol
isi
ntel
l
egentenought
oadaptt
o
suddenchangesinaprocess/sy
stem.
FUZZYLOGI
CCONTROL

Thi
stypeofcontr
oldefi
nesconti
nuousl
ychangingfunct
ionst
hatcan'
tbesi
mply
def
ined.I
notherwordsfuzzylogi
ccontr
oldeal
swiththevagueandimpreci
sei
nfor
mati
on
gi
venintheprocess.