ELC 501

(ENGLISH FOR CRITICAL ACADEMIC READING)

E-PJJ STUDENTS OF

BACHELOR IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (HS245)

LECTURER: SIR MUHAMMAD AIZAT BIN AZHARI

FORUM PORTFOLIO

STUDENT’S NAME STUDENT’S CARD NUMBER

Nurul Aini Binti Yahya 2018649034

Rohaiza Azreen Binti Saaid 2018272794

Siti Fatihah Binti Abdul Kadir 2018625208

Nabila Azwani binti Kassim 2018616314

Debra Stephanie Kasalian 2018292328

1.0 CONTENT

1.0 CONTENT ..........................................................................................................................2

2.0 TIME FRAME FOR DISCUSSION......................................................................................................3

3.0 DISTRIBUTED ROLE..........................................................................................................................4

MODERATOR................................................................................................................................4

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST.....................................................................................................4

SCHOOL TEACHER......................................................................................................................5

CHILD PSYCHIATRIC...................................................................................................................5

OPTHOMETRIST...........................................................................................................................6

PARENT..........................................................................................................................................6

4.0 FORUM DISCUSSION TOPIC............................................................................................................7

5.0 GENERAL FLOW OF THE FORUM...................................................................................................8

6.0 OUTLINE FOR THE FORUM DISCUSSION.....................................................................................9

7.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................43

8.0 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................51

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2.0 TIME FRAME FOR DISCUSSION

DATE/ TIME TASK

17 March 2019 Delegation of article research duties
02.00 PM
01 April 2019 Sitting together for research for information
02.00 PM
01 April 2019 Discussion of outlining the forum discussion
02.00 PM
01 April 2019 Discussion of counter- arguments and flow of forum
02.00 PM
04 May 2019 Sitting together for research for information
05.30 PM
04 May 2019 Practice of forum discussion
05.30 PM
11 May 2019 Practice of forum discussion
12.30 PM
25 May 2019 Final practice of forum discussion
12.30 PM

3.0 DISTRIBUTED ROLE

NO. ROLE DESCRIPTION

3|Page
3.1 Name Siti Fatihah Abdul Kadir
MODERATOR
2018625208
Age 40 Years old

Workplace Community Counselor, Family and

Marriage Therapy Centre

Working 15 Years
Experiences
Academic Master Of Counseling (Family
Level Counseling)
3.2 Name Nurul Aini Binti Yahya
OCCUPATIONAL
2018649034
THERAPIST Age 35 Years Old
Workplace Singapore General Hospital
PANEL 1
Working 8 Years
Experiences
Academic 1. Diploma In Occupational Therapy (Uitm)
Level 2. Bachelor In Occupational Therapy With
Honor (Uitm)
3. Master Of Science In Advanced Practice In
Ot (Conventry University, Uk)

3.3 Name Debra Stephanie Kasalian

SCHOOL TEACHER
2018292328
PANEL 2
Age 45 Years Old
Workplace Jab Pendidikan Wpkl

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 Working 24 Years
Experiences
1. S.K Pendidikan Khas Jln Peel
2. S.K Seri Bonus, Setapak
Academic Bachelors Of Education With Honors (Special
Level Education)- Ukm
Master Of Education (Sociology Of Education)-
Um
3.4 Name Nur Farah Nadiah Binti Jasma
CHILD
PSYCHIATRIC 2018496518

PANEL 3 Age 40 Years Old

Workplace Hospital Permai, Johor Bahru
Working 13 Years
Experiences
Academic MBBS - UM
Level Master Of Medicine (Psychiatry) - UM

3.5 Name Nabila Azwani Binti Kassim

OPTHOMETRIST
2018616314
PANEL 4
Age 47 Years
Workplace Eye Specialist Consultant and Director of Eye
and Lasic, Prince Court Medical Centre, Kuala
Lumpur.
Working 23 Years
Experiences

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 Academic 1. Bachelor Of Medicine (Ukm)
Level 2. Master Of Surgery (Ophthalmology) Ukm
3. Phd/Mphil Ocular Immunology (University
Of Manchester)
3.6 PARENT (MOTHER) Name Rohaiza Azreen Binti Saaid
2018272794
PANEL 5
Age 36 Years Old
Workplace Vice President Persatuan Autism Muslim
Malaysia (PAMM)
No. Of 3 Children (12,8,2 Years Old)
Children &
Age:
Year(S) Of 8 Years
Marriage

4.0 FORUM DISCUSSION TOPIC

 Effect of smart phone addiction in education performances

 Effect of smart phone in behaviour of the children

 Effect of smart phone in the children performance in daily living

 Impact of screen time towards the children’s visual health

 Impact of smart phone addition in child development (mental, physical, psychological and
social)

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5.0 GENERAL FLOW OF THE FORUM

FLOW ROLE COMMENT

1 MODERATOR  Intro / intro panel 1
2 CHILD  Intro/ main idea/ Supporting data 1-3
PSYCHIATRIST
3 MODERATOR  Summarize panel 1 point/ intro panel 2
4 OCC THERAPIST  Intro/ main idea/ Supporting data 1-3
5 MODERATOR  Summarize panel 2 point/ intro panel 3
6 SCHOOL TEACHER  Intro/ main idea/ Supporting data 1-3
7 MODERATOR  Summarize panel 3 point/ intro panel 4
8 OPTHOMETRIST  Intro/ main idea/ Supporting data 1-3
9 MODERATOR  Summarize panel 4 point/ intro panel 5
10 PARENT  Intro/ main idea/ Supporting data 1-5
11 OCC THERAPIST  Excuse for the interruption of the flow and
continue
 Suggestion/ Conclusion

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 12 MODERATOR  Ask for suggestion from panel 3
13 CHILD  Suggestion/ Conclusion
PSYCHIATRIST
14 SCHOOL TEACHER  Excuse for the interruption of the flow and
continue
 Suggestion/ Conclusion
15 MODERATOR  Ask for suggestion from panel 4
16 OPTHOMETRIST  Suggestion/ Conclusion
17 MODERATOR  Ask for the suggestion from panel 5.
18 PARENT  Suggestion/ Conclusion
19 MODERATOR  Make conclusion from all the point given.

6.0 OUTLINE FOR THE FORUM DISCUSSION

ROLE PREMISES

MODERATOR: Assalammualaikum. Hello, good afternoon to our beloved English's

lecturer,.Sir Aizad and all my fellow friends.

Mirror...mirror on the wall

Lend your ears and hear its all

Mirror...mirror hear our forum

About the 'Child Addiction to Smartphone'.

With me, Siti Fatihah Abdul Kadir as your moderator , today.

 Nowadays, Hand phone, cell phones or handset has been the one of
necessity rather than a desirable in our live in this modern day.

 Nowadays, hand phone has been an affordable gadget for

everybody and the parent can effort to buy a hand phone for their

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 children. Even our children also can be seen with hand phone at
anywhere they go and even in school.

 In fact, this case need to be look in a biggest scope so that it's can
be overcome. Before we go further, let me introduce to all of you
about our panels because most of them have a lot of knowledge and
also experiences about this topic that we will discuss.

 Without waste our time ,I will introduce the members of our panel
today. I start from my right side first panel 1, panel 2, panel 3, panel
4.

Hopes all of you was in pink of health. I am pleased to invite members of

the first panel (Puan Aini). What is the problem to be faced and effects of
smartphone addiction to children? Can you explain its?

OCCUPATIONAL INTRODUCTION
THERAPIST
 Children nowadays start using gadgets in a very early age. They are
exposed to digital devices since infancy.
 Video games may have just as much of a psychological effect as

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 physical effect .Smart phone are being used by each and every one
today. Their use without any knowledge of their harmful effects is
unsafe.
 Since the appearance of the smart phone, the anomalous use of this
device has called into question whether the abuse of its use could
lead to addiction.
 This problem is identical to the one regarding the existence of
behavioural addictions as opposed to substance addictions.

POINT OF VIEW

 The existence of smart phone addiction, as opposed to it being the

manifestation of an impulsivity disorder, has been questioned
without necessarily considering the concept of addiction.
 Nowadays, the DSM-5 has only recognized compulsive gambling
as a behavioural addiction, considering the rest of these types of
abuse as impulse disorders, and the clinical world has not done
much more than proclaim that many of them are true addictions
that affect patients’ lives.

MAIN IDEA

 Children with smart phone addiction show problems in client

performance.
 In other words, a child addicted to smart phone has higher
possibility of having problems performance daily living such as
sleep, leisure, and social

SUPPORTING DATA 1

Social

 Concepts such as self-esteem, self-control or social self-vigilance,

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 and dependence on the environment are found in the majority of
studies on problematic smart phone use.
 Takao et al. observed that problematic smart phone use is a function
of the need for social approval and self-control but is unrelated to
loneliness.
 Study also show that low self-esteem, and social anxiety
contributed from smart phone abuse. The need for social approval,
expressed in the time dedicated to writing and reading messages,
has also been associated with low self-esteem.

SUPPORTING DATA 2

Sleep Disorder

 Sleep is a state of unconsciousness from which a person can be

aroused by sensory and/or other stimuli.
 Sleep is important for the regulation of the internal environment,
restoration of normal levels of brain activity and prevention of
irritable and psychotic behaviour.
 As we know that poor sleep quality can also cause irritability, poor
immune system function, drowsiness and inability to concentrate,
among other things.
 Excessive use of electronic devices has been shown by other
researcher to have an effect on sleep pattern that can have
deleterious effect on new generation achievement.
 Lack of sleep in adolescents has been associated with lack of
productivity, depression, lack of energy, and poor school
performance.
 The impact of sleep quality/duration on child growth and well-
being has been extensively studied. Sleep is fundamental to optimal
functioning during childhood, including health, development,
cognition, and behaviour

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 SUPPORTING DATA 3

Leisure

 Loucaides et al., 2004; David-Ferdon, & Hertz. (2007) said that

children may have have negative behaviour and misuse of gadget
when there are overused.
 Watching movies is more dangerous than playing games and other
games. Residential environment is very influential on the formation
of child behaviour.

MODERATOR  From what of (Puan Aini) have said. Now we knew that there are 3
types of problem to children with smart phone addiction in client
performance.

 Social, sleep disorder and leisure. Playing games also is a part of

leisure activity if well managed it and not excessive.

 Many new games—including smartphone games—are stimulating a

passion for challenge. Challenging games in and of themselves is
not a concern as very few players become addicted to such games.

 However, if gamers themselves identify challenging games as being

addictive, then at the very least, players should be educated about
such games being a risk factor.

To make more our forum flare up, (Puan Debra), you as a school teacher
surely very familiar with this issue today, you must know about the
consequence of smart

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SCHOOL INTRODUCTION
TEACHER
 The use of smart phones by students in school is a controversial
topic debated.
 Parents who support the use of smart phones believe that these
phones are essential for maximizing safety, allowing children to
communicate with their parents.
 On the other hand, those opposed believe that smart phone cause
disruption and may be used for undesired purposes (a chance to
experience some contents that not suitable for them), (Yu-mi et al)
 This leaves many parents and us as the teachers to decide whether
we want to fight for this trend or work with it.
 Nowadays, most of the school still implemented policies that
restrict our students from using smart phones during school hours.
Honestly, in a career that spans more than 24 years, I have not seen
any single diversion that so distracts students as smart phone does.

MAIN IDEA

 Over past 20 years, human beings have experienced a huge

paradigm shift from traditional industrial society to digital society.
 Smart phones have been at the centre of this change, bringing
totally different life style as well as in education system.
 Children are vulnerable to addiction to a new media (Jennifer). The
more frequently young children use smart phones, the more
they become addictive, hence regress their performance in school.

SUPPORTING IDEA 1

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Degradation Of Brain Function

 Smart phone addiction among young children degrades function of

right brain balance (Cheol et. al)
 Furthermore, smart phone does not fit early childhood development
stage because it is a very passive tool which they just sit down and
absorb the knowledge.
 These are supported by many studies claimed that smart phone
addiction has negative impact on academic (Lusekola et al)
 Thus through Ministry of Education, we are creating a balanced
education process for the children by curriculum and co-curriculum
approached under a controlled technology accessibility.

SUPPORTING DATA 2

Alter Children Quality Of Life And Participation In Daily Life

 The constant checking and/or use of smart phone applications 24

hours a day has been linked to sleep disturbances, stress, anxiety,
withdrawal and deterioration in well-being, decreased academic
performance, and decreased physical activity.
 Distractions from learning are powered by students’ fascination
with the multitude of smart phone apps that cater to every aspect of
their lives.
 This fascination is mediated by the need for and the ease of use of
apps, and it is supplemented by low interest and low motivation in
doing homework. (Arefin)
 Hereby, I want to highlight that the children’s addiction to smart
phone may lead to physiological factors such as insufficient sleep
or anxiety, a constant degree of boredom accompanied by an
urgency for non-stop entertainment, an overload of cognitive

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 stimulation and an addiction to technology.

SUPPORTING DATA 3

Adverse Effect Of Overload Screen Time To The Student’s Health

 A few weeks ago, our school received an annual visit from nearby
Health Clinic for the student’s health screening.
 Unforeseen, there are numerous student do not pass the eye
screening standard.
 The school age is a formative period, physically as well as
mentally, transforming the child into a promising adult.
 Previously, I have come across with an article by Kamath et. al
stated that Vitamin A deficiency was the commonest ocular
morbidity among students.
 But, I am concerned to hear from the optometrist if there is any
correlation between screen time and eye problem.
 If there is a positive relationship, the school should emphasize on
the implementation of compulsorily eye checkup in the school
health appraisal programme.

 Admittedly, I was curious to hear from parent’s perspective for today

issues since I had encounter one article by Yumi et. al that spotted
children most frequently used smart phones at home with their
mothers! Are this also happening in Malaysia?

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MODERATOR  From what of Puan Debra have said. Now we knew that effects of the
smart phones to children’s education, Degradation Of Brain Function,
Alter Children Quality Of Life And Participation In Daily Life, Adverse
Effect Of Overload Screen Time To The Student’s Health.

 Beside that the more frequently young children use smart phones,
the more they become addictive. Smart phone addiction has negative
impact on academic.

 An educational program for parent is needed for the purpose of

observing a time limit and learning effective use of smart phone. In
facts ,there are still young and they are suppose to concentrate on

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 their study first rather than playing or using their smart phones.

Next, I want to invite (Puan Farah) to discuss and give us her views on our
topic today from a psychiatric point of view.

CHILD INTRODUCTION
PSYCHIATRIST
 Smart phone has become indispensable tool in everyday life and
mobile tool that everyone can easily approach.
 Especially, smart phones are not only for the adults, but also
available for children to approach and use.

POINT OF VIEW

 Children can easily with contact smart phones to use and they
use them as toys because parents always provide their children
with smart phones
 Children are using smart phones more often leads to smart phone
addiction.

MAIN IDEA

 Children with smart phone addiction show problems in mental

and physical development.
 In other words, a child addicted to smart phone has higher
possibility of having problems in mental development such as
emotional instability, attention deficit, depression, anger, and lack

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 of control.
 Also, physical problems such as impairments in visual and hearing
senses, obesity, body imbalance, and lack of brain development are
found

SUPPORTING DATA 1

Brain Function

 Smart phone addiction among children degrades function of right

brain by brain balance according to brain wave test.
 Furthermore, I strongly agreed with school teacher that smart phone
does not fit early childhood development stage because it is a very
passive tool which you just sit down and absorb the knowledge.
 The function of frontal lobe in brain which relates to the ability to
think, judge, and concentrate is damaged, that normal brain
development is hindered.

SUPPORTING DATA 2

Mental Development

 As children’s excessive use of computer have negative effects on

them, children with higher smart phone addiction rate of are likely
to have problems with mental development such as emotional
instability, depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD), anger, and lack of attention because smart phones provide
sensible and instant stimuli through visual sense and hearing sense,
overuse of smart phones is likely to make children who are
mentally premature, unstable.
 Smart phone itself is very playful and immersive, so when parents
do not let them use it, children have higher chance of being

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 depressed.
 Furthermore, it causes mental immaturity like aggressiveness and
lack of attention.
 Smart phone addiction, similar to internet and game addiction, also
bring results such as children’s lack of attention and self-control

SUPPORTING DATA 3

Physical Development

 Higher smart phone addiction rate predicts problems in physical

development such as impairments in visual/hearing senses, obesity,
body imbalance same as game addiction of children.
 When you look at the screen light continually, it is bad for eye
health of adults, but children are likely to have more severe
impairment in visual sense.
 Also, when you use smart phone for a long time with earphones,
bad effects on hearing sense are expected.
 When you are addicted to smart phones, you have lower chance of
interacting with other people and decrease in physical activities will
increase the possibility to be obese.
 On top of that, operating small device with your hands for a long
time might result in body imbalance. Children are incomplete in
physical development yet, so overuse of smart phones will cause
negative effects on children’s physical development in many
aspects.

MODERATOR:  Here we can see from the child psychiatric point of view that when
children having addiction with smart phone they have risk and
problems in mental and physical development such as brain

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 function, mental development and physical development.

 In additional Problematic and conscious use in dangerous situations

or prohibited contexts with social and familial conflicts and
confrontations, as well as loss of interest in other activities.

 Frequent and constant consultations in brief periods with insomnia

and sleep disturbances.

Next we continue to our next panel Puan Azwa she is optometrist with 23
years experience with eyes and visual field.

OPTOMETRIST INTRODUCTION

 Thank you miss moderator. I am very interested with the facts

presented by Teacher Debra before, about how most of her student

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 failed the eye screening standard. Surely, we can see an issue there.

 Before that, I would like to give further explanation about her

statement about the deficiency of Vitamin K is the commonest ocular
morbidity among students.

 Research by D Sherpa on 2014, from National Academy for Medical

Sciences, Nepal Eye Hospital, Tripureshwar, Kathmandu showed that
refractive error was the commonest ocular morbidity among primary
school student with 9.33 % and Vitamin A deficiency about 1.5%.

POINT OF VIEW

 There are some effect of mobile phones towards children’s visual

health, especially in the prolonged period of time, as proven by
research study by Sultan et al, 2005 .

 However, little study mentions about visual issue as the effect of

mobile phone in short duration of time.

MAIN IDEA

 Growing up in this digital age, it is common to see children with their

eyes glued to digital devices such as mobile phones.

 Although this may seem normal nowadays, too much exposure from
blue light emitted from phones may cause adverse effect on children’s
visual health.

SUPPORTING DATA 1

Digital eye strain, effect to eye muscle

 Digital eye strain, also known as computer vision syndrome, is similar

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 to other repetitive motion injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. It
occurs because the eyes keep following the same path over and over
again .

 According to Dr Michael Chang, a member of American Academy of

Ophthalmology, the longer the exposure, the worse will symptom
appear.

 While facing the phone, the eyes will focus and refocus repetitively as
the move up, down, back and forth when watching videos, play games
or read.

 This movement take a toll on eyes as contrast, flicker and glared from
screen will make the eyes work harder. As time goes on, the lenses in
our eyes get more flexible. This will affect children’s ability to
focus on nearby and faraway object.

SUPPROTING DATA 2

Myopia and (long term vision problem)

 As I mention earlier, refractive error in the commonest ocular

morbidity in children, in which myopia was the commonest type of
refractive errors.

 Myopia occurs when the eye grows too long from front to back,
Instead of focusing images on the retina. High myopia increases the
risk of retinal detachment, cataract and glaucoma and lead to vision
loss.

 Although some of these conditions can be corrected by glasses or

surgery, it will be a tough job for children as they are more active in
surrounding, thus wearing glasses may effect their activity of
comfortableness.

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  You guys may be aware on this latest viral issue that happen in
Thailand, in which a kid needs to have eye procedure done due to
effect of constant use of mobile phones. Luckily, her father notices her
condition and rushed her to the hospital. If not, she may lose her vision
and become permanently blind.

SUPPORTING DATA 3

Headache

 Exposure to the mobile phones also can arise symptom as headache. An

article by BBC News stated that study had found the light blue ray
emitted from mobile phones increase the risk of headache, as the
reaction occurs generates poisonous chemical molecules that can kill
photoreceptor cells.

 The headache will become worse over time, and lead to anxiety and
discomfort in the eye and back of the head, the location of occipital
lobe (part of brain that involve in visual).

 Thus, answering Teacher Debra’s question before, there are positive

correlation between screen time and eye problem.

MODERATOR:  As we all know checking your smartphones or tablet too often can
increase the risk of eye damage. he ‘blue’ part of the colour spectrum
is made up of different types of light.

 Blue-turquoise light is ‘good’ as it impacts on our sleep and memory

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 and helps to regulate our body clock; blue-violet light, on the other
hand, can damage retinal cells, and overexposure to blue-violet light
can cause macular degeneration, which leads to a gradual loss of
central vision and at worse can lead to blindness.

 As mentioned by miss Azwa, recently, one father in Thailand found out

the hard way that letting his daughter play with his mobile phone had
more harmful effects than good.

 He shared his experience in a Facebook post and warns other parents

the dangers of excessive mobile phone use – especially for toddlers.
The dad explains that he started to give his two-year-old daughter his mobile
phone to play with, as a way of keeping her occupied while he worked. But
soon, health problems started to emerge, which he didn’t immediately link
with her excessive device use.

 It started off with eye issues and she had to wear glasses. But her
eyesight gradually degenerated and at age four, the child had to
undergo surgery because her vision had worsened. He eventually
discovered that her prolonged and uncontrolled device-use was to
blame.

 Now we already know that smartphone addiction to children is bad

and will harm our children nowadays.

Ok, now is the time that we waiting for, we want to hear one of the voice
from parent (Puan Rohaiza) regarding “Addiction to Technological Gadgets
and Its Impact on Health and Lifestyle”
PARENT  Thank you also because invited me to share my experience to all
and thank you to the moderator and million congratulations to all
especially to the forum organizer.
 My name is Rohaiza Azreen Binti Saaid. I am a mother for 3 kids
(12,8 and 2 years old).
 I am also a working mother. I am the active person in Persatuan

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 Autism Muslim Malaysia (PAMM) as a Vice President.

INTRODUCTION

 Every other day information technology or IT invents lucrative

gadgets are attracting the attention of the present generation.
 The youth becomes the largest consumer of such devices and
services, which in turn makes them addicted to them at some point
of time.
 Addiction is the continued repetition of a behaviour or an activity
in independent upon the adverse or negative consequences of the
same (Angres & Angres, 2008) or it can be a neurological
impairment which leads to such behaviours (American Society for
Addiction Medicine, 2012)

POINT OF VIEW

 Addiction to Technological Gadgets and Its Impact on Health and

Lifestyle.

MAIN IDEA

 Advantage and disadvantage of gadget in our daily routine.

 And the main reason gadget effected the children development.

SUPPORTING DATA 1

 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science

and Management Studies Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015 pg. 294-302
brief about the benefit of gadget in our daily routine. And brief
about what the gadget can affected our children.
 Mobile communication is where signal is transferred via

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 electromagnetic wave through radio frequency and microwave
signals.
 This signal produces electromagnetic radiation in the form of
thermal radiation that consists of harmful ionizing radiation and
harmless non-ionizing radiation.
 When using mobile phone, electromagnetic wave is transferred to
the body which causes health problems especially at the place near
ear skull region where they are known to affect the neurons. The
radiations interfere with the electrical impulses that two neurons
connect each other with. This can lead to deafness and migraines.
 This study said children may absorb more energy from a given
phone than adults.

Daily use of parent’s smart phone makes their child’s brain undeveloped.
Medical science says that the radiation of mobile phone is too bad for
human health.

SUPPORTING DATA 2

 Jyoti Ranjan Muduli in her thesis with title Addiction to

Technological Gadgets and Its Impact on Health and Lifestyle: A
Study on College Students also state the negative and positive
impact of the gadget.
 The effective use of the gadgets may have positive impacts on
cognitive thinking and makes them master multitasking (Ophir,
Nass & Wagner, 2009).
 Example, children now days learn basic concept, singing, matching
and recognising through gadget.
 Although minority special kids especially learn to speak also from
gadget. In long run it has negative impacts on the individuals.
 The digital activities make the youth strong in technical skills but
make them weak in real life practical skills. It takes the young mass
away from the reality helping them to live in their imaginary world.

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  Due to the time spent on the devices the youth are refrained from
some outdoor activities with friends and family. In this thesis also
show a lot of study the effect of gadget to our life.

SUPPORTING DATA 3

 Three students from University Tenaga Malaysia write their

research journal with title Impact of ICT And Electronic Gadget
Among Young Children In Education: A Conceptual Model also
discuss about impact of ICT and electronic gadget among children.
 The author recommended that parents monitor their activities
when using ICT tools while studying or playing games (Hatch,
2011).
 In this study, show that ICT help to encourage student during the
lesson in class.
 Where the student more focus and give concentration during class.
But it also brings the negative effect where the student also gets
addicted on the technology aspect and spend time idly surfing the
internet.
 Furthermore, children also tend to play more online games
rather than on learning.

SUPPORTING DATA 4

 Influence of gadget on social personal of early childhood journal

written by Uliyatul Laili.
 In this research state that, choose to play the gadget compared to
playing with his friends.
 So that the social interaction between children and the surrounding
community environment is reduced. (Ismanto and Onibala, 2015).
 Result from the research showed Parents education can give effect
to the personal development of a child because with the higher
education parents are expected to understand the requirement of
child's stimulation according to age of its development.
 However, the current phenomenon of many women who must work

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 outside the home with long working hours, so the time to interact
with the baby is very short.
 In working mothers, they provide gadgets with the intention to
please the child because it was left to work, while others provide
facilities gadgets with the aim that children stay silent and
parents can do other activities.
 The results of this study indicate that exposure to the use of gadgets
affect the personal social of young children, with the results of
statistical analysis shows the p value (0.001).
 Other studies have also pointed out that the use of digital media
influences the ability of children's attention such as increased
hyperactivity and difficulty in concentrating and they also feel
sadder or bored with their friends (Kim, 2013).

SUPPORTING DATA 5

 The Effect of Gadget Toward Early Childhood Speaking Ability,

One interesting journal from Indonesia by Nirwana, A.Musda
Mappapoleonro, Chairunnisa.
 The writer has found that the child experiences bridges in
communicating with the surrounding environment such as his
parents and his peers.
 It is because from the age of 1 to 3 years old he is addicted in
playing gadgets.
 According to his parents (whose initial S) in a day their son can
play gadgets for up to 10 hours and this lasts for two years.
 When the child enters the age of 2.5 years old, parents feel there
was an abnormality in his speech abilities. He is not like other
children at his age who can communicate with his parents. His
responses to the surrounding people are also reduced. His ability to
capture the language is lacking.
 Currently he enters the age of 3.5 years and is still experiencing
delays in speaking. His vocabulary in saying one sentence is only
two words, besides his ability to respond to the other person is very
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 slow.
 Children who are addicted to gadgets can be assured that their
eating time is irregular, children will only eat foods that they like
and sleep less.

OCCUPATIONAL  Excused the panel member for the interruption!

THERAPIST:
SUGGESTION

 Children will not be addicted to gadget if parenting and parents’

role is prioritized for children development. Parents are demanded
to play active role to supervise and control their children in using
gadget so their development is not delayed because they use gadget
excessively.
 Some studies had stated that increased electronic use in children
could have harmful impacts on development, but this precaution
has not been followed by strong recommendations for change.
 One suggestion made by Olson and colleagues includes placing the
“charging station” for the phone or electronic away from the
nightstand to discourage use at bedtime
 It is because so much of our own society is becoming reliant on
technology, it is difficult to shield children from its.
 Furthermore, we suggest limiting media exposure to the children

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 less than an hour.
 Parents should play a crucial role in teaching them how to use
technology safely. Family members should be very careful to
monitor children’s media content.
 If required, addicted children should be given proper rehabilitation
therapy to get rid of such a problem.

CONCLUSION

 The growing use of electronic gadgets was found to have an

impact on the psychological behaviour and attitudes of middle
school children, with the majority of excessive users of gadgets
having a poor attitude.
 Parents should use smart parenting because it will strongly
influence on child individual. Letting children to use gadget for a
long time or excessively will make them become addicted to gadget
and it give negative effect to their emotional development and they
will less understand social adjustment in environment because their
lack of interaction.
MODERATOR :  Thank you Puan Aini for the suggestion that parent should
responsible to control the addiction of smartphone on their
children.
 Next I pass to Puan Farah to give submission regarding this issue.

CHILD SUGGESTION

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PSYCHIATRIST  Smart phone addiction among children is likely to be continuous
throughout the life time, and because of this, there is big personal
and social loss.
 So, efforts of parents and society to prevent the addiction are
needed.
 First, parents should strive to spend more time with their
children. Parents should realize the strong influence of smart
phones on their children and it is important not to easily give smart
phones to children.
 It is critical to understand that a convenience of a moment can
cause serious results of children’s smart phone addiction.
 Because children have weak control of themselves, they are in
need of parents’ control. Especially when parents themselves have
generous attitudes towards smart phones, dual-income family, and
permissive style of parenting, special attention is needed.
 In addition, efforts of the society are required. Education
institutions such as kindergarten and preschool should teach
children not to overuse smart phones.
 Also, phone companies and application producers should develop
techniques to limit the approach in order to prevent children from
using smart phone too much or addicted to it.

CONCLUSION

 Last but not least, most psychiatrists have recommended that an

appropriate limit for smart phone usage in children is needed.
 Parents and the society should strive to minimize the side
effects of this without cease because children are the most valuable
future resources that cannot be replaced with anything else

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 SCHOOL  Excused the panel member for an interruption!
TEACHER :
SUGGESTION

 Smart phone is surely a good device which made our live rich.
However, this tool can be a threat to our children, the future of
humanity.
 As far as I am concerned, an educational program for parent is
needed for the purpose of observing a time limit and learning
effective use of smart phone.
 The schools and the teachers can be the interlink between parents

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 and others department (healthcare / other) to minimize the side
effects of smart phone without cease.

CONCLUSION

 In settings where students are not supervised, it is their

responsibility to refrain from smartphone multitasking while
studying.
 However, using smartphones for tasks irrelevant to learning in
controlled learning settings such as in classrooms during lectures
or while engaging in classwork supervised by instructors without
the latter’s intervention is alarming.
MODERATOR:  From the point that spell out from Puan Debra. I can conclude that
the school and parent and others should help each other minimize
the side effect of smart phones.

OPTOMETRIST SUGGESTION

 In this digital age, the are absolutely difficult to restrain children from
mobile phones. However, parents and caregiver can practice some
guidelines provide by American Academy Of Pediatrics.

 For newborn till 18 months old, there absolutely no screen time unless
we include the baby in videos. For 18 months old till 24 months old,
parents supervision is needed, that means parents need to watch videos
with them. The screen time is limited to high quality programme.

 For 2year to % year old, only 60 minutes gadget time is provided.

However, parents needs to use 20-20-20 skill, that are 20 minutes on
the phones, 20 seconds to look for something at least 20 ft away.

 This will reduce chances of myopia and digital eye strain as well as
headache. Besides that, spending more time outdoor proven to reduce

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 the risk of becoming nearsighted, as mention by National Eye
Institute.

CONCLUSION

As an optometrist, my concern is solely on children’s visual health. Visual

is one of the most important sense in human, loss of vision also means loss
of quality of life. Since children have a long ways to go in their lives,
parents need to be assertive in managing child’s time associated with
mobile phones. If there are some changes in child’s behaviour towards
visual such as squinting, complaint of blurriness and headache, please
rushed them to eye clinic as soon as possible. As I said before, eye
condition’s is treatable, but time waits for no man.

MODERATOR:  Thank you Puan Azwa for your brillian submission. In addition, time
spent playing with a tablet or smartphone means your baby is
not crawling, walking, climbing and exploring her environment.

 Even at this very young age, being active means your child is less
likely to become overweight or have health problems later in life.

 As your child grows, having too much screen time may also cause her
sleeping difficulties.

Next we pass to Puan Rohaiza for her suggestion and conclusion

PARENT SUGGESTION

 The thing parents should remember when giving the gadget to the
child is the parent must be able to minimize the child from the
negative effects of using the gadget by accompanying the child,

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 Make a time deal in the use of gadgets, make a deal in opening the
features that will be open, good modeling from parents, parents can
always put gadgets well, parents can always put gadgets well, invite
children to learn together (Fadilah, Ahmad, 2011).
 Parents should be aware of the effect of gadgets which can affect
their children. The following are the things that can be conducted
by parents and caregivers:

1. Giving good examples to children in using gadgets responsibly.

2. Giving attunement or attention and response to children.
3. Accompanying and not letting young children to play with
gadgets without restraint.
4. Parents should be assertive and wise in giving gadgets to
children aged under two years old.
5. Giving knowledge to children on how to use gadgets responsibly
(Suhana, 2018: 227).
 Provide interactive toys around children so they can divert their
attention from playing gadgets and still accompany them when they
play. For example, toy beams, legos, puzzles and so on.

CONCLUSION

 If your child not yet addicted with the phone, that is good. And
please prevent it now before worth.
 And for parents who has a child with phone addicted, please stop
the phone right now.
 Undeniable, phone help for kids especially in basic concept but we
have other method to teach them. Be patient to recovery them.
 Use phone as a reward for them. Set time how long they can play
with the phone.

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MODERATOR  Thank you for all panel for coming today and thank you to the
audience to spent and lend your ears to listen our forum today about
the kids addiction to smartphone.

 What I can conclude from all the point panel have been sharing just
now is smartphone can give negative effect to our children now day if
uncontrolled or excessive use.

 Besides that for a long period of excessive use of smart phone can
affect the children life performance, eyesight and productivity of the
kids in the daily life.

 We encouraged to all audience in this forum room that to take action

from now if having same situation like our topic today. Thank you.

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7.0 REFERENCES

MODERATOR ARTICLE

Babycentre. Is screen time good or bad for babies and children? BabyCentre.
Retrieved from http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a25006035/is-screen-time-good-
or-bad-for-babies-and-children#ixzz3MIEeZN84

JOURNALS:

Balakrishnan J., Griffiths M. D. (2018). Perceived addictiveness of

smartphone games: A content analysis of game reviews by
players. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.

WEBSITE

http://home.bt.com/tech-gadgets/tech-news/smartphone-addiction-can-
damage-your-eyes-

https://sg.theasianparent.com/bad-effect-of-mobile-phone

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175/full

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OCCUPATIONAL JOURNALS:
THERAPIST

Gupta, N., Garg, S., & Arora, K. (2016). Pattern of mobile phone usage and its
effects on psychological health, sleep, and academic performance in students
of a medical university. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and
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Impact of Meaning in Life on Psychological Well Being among Street

Children. (2017). International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 6(1),
1244-1245. doi:10.21275/art20164377

Suhana, M. (2018). Influence of Gadget Usage on Childrens Social-Emotional

Development. Proceedings of the International Conference of Early
Childhood Education (ICECE 2017). doi:10.2991/icece-17.2018.58

Youth Addiction Treatment: Facts and Outcomes. (2007). PsycEXTRA Dataset.

doi:10.1037/e528582011-001

Yurtoğlu, N. (2018). Http://www.historystudies.net/dergi//birinci-dunya-

savasinda-bir-asayis-sorunu-sebinkarahisar-ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.pdf.
History Studies International Journal of History, 10(7), 241-264.
doi:10.9737/hist.2018.658

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SCHOOL JOURNAL

TEACHER
Arefin, M., Islam, M., Mustafi, M., Afrin, S., & Islam, N. (2018). Impact of
Smartphone Addiction on Academic Performance of Business Students: A
Case Study. Md. and Mustafi, Mohitul and Afrin, Sharmina and Islam, Nazrul,
Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Academic Performance of Business
Students: A Case Study (August 21, 2018).

Ihm, J. (2018). Social implications of children’s smartphone addiction: The

role of support networks and social engagement. Journal of behavioral
addictions, 7(2), 473-481.

Lee, J. M. (2013). A study on smart phone use condition of infants and

toddlers. International Journal of Smart Home, 7(6), 123-132.

Kamath, B. P., Prasad, G. B. S., Deepthi, R., & Muninrayana, C. (2012).

Prevalence of ocular morbidity among school going children (6-15 years) in
rural area of Karnataka, South India. Int J Pharm Biomed Res, 3(4), 209-12.

Kibona, L., & Mgaya, G. (2015). Smartphones’ effects on academic

performance of higher learning students. Journal of Multidisciplinary
Engineering Science and Technology, 2(4), 777-784.

Nepal, B. P., Koirala, S., Adhikary, S., & Sharma, A. K. (2003). Ocular
morbidity in schoolchildren in Kathmandu. British journal of ophthalmology,
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Park, C., & Park, Y. R. (2014). The conceptual model on smart phone

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 addiction among early childhood. International Journal of Social Science and
Humanity, 4(2), 147.

ARTICLE
https://thefederalist.com/2018/08/28/kids-teacher-scared-tell-smartphones/

https://theeducatorsroom.com/10-things-teachers-did-not-have-to-deal-with-
10-years-ago/

CHILD JOURNALS:
PSYCHIATRIST Qinxie Lui (2019) Child Neglect, Psychological Abuse And Smartphone

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 Addiction Among Chinese Adolescents: The Roles Of Emotional Intelligence
And Coping Style

Cheol Park and Ye Rang Park (2014) The Conceptual Model on Smart Phone
Addiction among Early Childhood, International Journal of Social Science and
Humanity

Andreassen, Cecilie Schou (2016) The Relationship Between Addictive Use

Of Social Media And Video Games And Symptoms Of Psychiatric Disorders:
A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study.

José De-Sola Gutiérrez (2016) Cell-Phone Addiction: A Review, Clinical

Management Of Mental Health Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Of
Málaga, Regional University Hospital Of Málaga

BOOK:

Kyung Seu Cho (2017) Influence Of Smartphone Addiction Proneness Of

Children On Problematic Behaviors And Emotional Intelligence, Computer in
Human Behavior

OPTHOMETRIST WEBSITE :

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https://sg.theasianparent.com/bad-effect-of-mobile-phone

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/26780069/smartphone-overuse-may-
damage-eyes-say-opticians

https://www.newsweek.com/blue-light-cell-phone-laptop-screens-can-speed-
blindness-1068343

https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/myopia

https://www.myopiainstitute.com/eye-care/video-effects-of-excessive-screen-
time-on-your-kids-eyes/

JOURNALS:

Meo, S. A., & Al-Drees, A. M. (2005). Mobile phone related-hazards and

subjective hearing and vision symptoms in the Saudi population. International
journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 18(1), 53-57.

Gupta, M., Gupta, B. P., Chauhan, A., & Bhardwaj, A. (2009). Ocular
morbidity prevalence among school children in Shimla, Himachal, North
India. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 57(2), 133.

Sherpa, D. (2014). Ocular morbidity among primary school children. Journal

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 of Chitwan Medical College, 4(2), 32-34.

PARENTS JOURNALS:

International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and

Management Studies Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015 pg. 294-302

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Addiction to Technological Gadgets and Its Impact on Health and Lifestyle: A
Study on College Students, Jyoti Ranjan Muduli, Department of Humanities
and Social Sciences National Institute of Technology, Rourkela - 769008 India

Mira Adila Mat Saruji, Noor Hafizah Hassan, & Sulfeeza Md. Drus. (2017).
Impact of ICT and electronic gadget among young children in education: a
conceptual model in Zulikha, J. & N. H. Zakaria (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th
International Conference on Computing & Informatics (pp 480-486). Sintok:
School of Computing

Uliyatul Laili, Influence of gadget on social personal of early childhood,

Proceeding of Surabaya International Health Conference July 13-14, 2017

Nirwana, A.Musda Mappapoleonro, Chairunnisa, The Effect of Gadget

Toward Early Childhood Speaking Ability, Nirwana, et al/ Indonesian Journal
of Early Childhood Education Studies 7 (2) (2018)

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8.0 APPENDIX

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MODERATOR

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OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY

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SCHOOL TEACHER

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CHILD PSYCHIATRIST

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OPTOMETRIST

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PARENT

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