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Python

This document provides an overview of Python data types and common data structures. It discusses the built-in Python data types including strings, numeric types, sequences, mappings, sets, booleans, and binary types. It also covers Python lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries - describing how to define, access, modify, and loop through elements in these common data structures. Finally, it discusses Python control flow including if/else statements and for/while loops, as well as Python functions and taking user input.

Uploaded by

R Adhytia Islami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
154 views

Python

This document provides an overview of Python data types and common data structures. It discusses the built-in Python data types including strings, numeric types, sequences, mappings, sets, booleans, and binary types. It also covers Python lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries - describing how to define, access, modify, and loop through elements in these common data structures. Finally, it discusses Python control flow including if/else statements and for/while loops, as well as Python functions and taking user input.

Uploaded by

R Adhytia Islami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

1.

Python Data Type


Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:

Text Type: str


Numeric Types: int, float, complex
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type: dict
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

In [2]:

x = "Hello World" #str


print(x)

x = 20 #int
print(x)

x = 20.5 #float
print(x)

x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] #list


print(x)

x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry") #tuple


print(x)

x = range(6) #range
print(x)

x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36} #dict


print(x)

x = True #bool
print(x)

Hello World
20
20.5
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
range(0, 6)
{'name': 'John', 'age': 36}
True

2. Python Array
There are four collection data types in the Python programming language:

List is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members.


Tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate members.
Set is a collection which is unordered and unindexed. No duplicate members.
Dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. No duplicate members.

2.1. List
In [3]:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


print(thislist)
print(thislist[1]) # access items
print(thislist[-1]) # negative indexing

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango"]


thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "melon", "mango"]
print(thislist[2:5]) # range of indexes
print(thislist[-4:-1])

['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']


banana
cherry
['cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi']
['orange', 'kiwi', 'melon']

In [4]:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


thislist[1] = "blackcurrant" # change item value
print(thislist)

['apple', 'blackcurrant', 'cherry']

In [5]:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


for x in thislist: # loop through a list
print(x)

apple
banana
cherry

In [6]:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


if "apple" in thislist: # check if item exist
print("Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list")

Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list

In [7]:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(len(thislist)) # list length

In [8]:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.append("orange") # add items
print(thislist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


thislist.insert(1, "orange") # add item at the specified index
print(thislist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


thislist.remove("banana") # remove item
print(thislist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


thislist.pop() # removes the specified index, (or the last item if index is not specified)
print(thislist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


del thislist[0] # removes the specified index
print(thislist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


del thislist # delete the list completely

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


thislist.clear() # empties the list
thislist.clear() # empties the list
print(thislist)

['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']


['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'cherry']
['apple', 'cherry']
['apple', 'banana']
['banana', 'cherry']
[]

In [9]:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
mylist = thislist.copy() # copy of a list
print(mylist)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


mylist = list(thislist)
print(mylist)

['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']


['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

In [10]:

list1 = ["a", "b" , "c"]


list2 = [1, 2, 3]

list3 = list1 + list2 # join two lists


print(list3)

list1 = ["a", "b" , "c"]


list2 = [1, 2, 3]

for x in list2:
list1.append(x)

print(list1)

list1 = ["a", "b" , "c"]


list2 = [1, 2, 3]

list1.extend(list2)
print(list1)

['a', 'b', 'c', 1, 2, 3]


['a', 'b', 'c', 1, 2, 3]
['a', 'b', 'c', 1, 2, 3]

2.2. Tuple
In [11]:
# You can convert the tuple into a list, change the list, and convert the list back into a tuple.

x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")


y = list(x)
y[1] = "kiwi"
x = tuple(y)

print(x)

('apple', 'kiwi', 'cherry')

In [12]:
# To create a tuple with only one item, you have add a comma after the item,
# unless Python will not recognize the variable as a tuple.

thistuple = ("apple",)
thistuple = ("apple",)
print(type(thistuple))

#NOT a tuple
thistuple = ("apple")
print(type(thistuple))

<class 'tuple'>
<class 'str'>

In [13]:
# Tuples are unchangeable, so you cannot remove items from it, but you can delete the tuple comple
tely
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
del thistuple

2.3. Set
In [14]:

thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}


print(thisset)

{'cherry', 'banana', 'apple'}

2.4 Dictionary
In [15]:

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964}

In [16]:
x = thisdict["model"] # accessing items
print(x)

x = thisdict.get("model")
print(x)

Mustang
Mustang

In [17]:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict["year"] = 2019 # change values

In [18]:
for x in thisdict:
print(x)

print("\n")
for x in thisdict:
print(thisdict[x])

print("\n")

for x in thisdict.values():
print(x)

print("\n")

for x, y in thisdict.items():
print(x, y)

brand
model
year

Ford
Mustang
2019

Ford
Mustang
2019

brand Ford
model Mustang
year 2019

In [19]:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.popitem() # removes the last inserted item
print(thisdict)

thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
del thisdict["model"]
print(thisdict)

{'brand': 'Ford', 'year': 1964}


{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang'}
{'brand': 'Ford', 'year': 1964}

3. Python If ... Else


Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

Equals: a == b
Not Equals: a != b
Less than: a < b
Less than or equal to: a <= b
Greater than: a > b
Greater than: a > b
Greater than or equal to: a >= b

In [20]:
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")

b is greater than a

In [21]:
a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")

a and b are equal

In [22]:

a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b")

a is greater than b

4. Python Loops
4.1. For Loop
A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

In [23]:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x == "banana":
break

apple
banana

In [24]:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]


for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)

apple
cherry

In [25]:
for x in "banana":
print(x)

b
a
n
a
n
a

In [26]:
for x in range(6):
print(x)

0
1
2
3
4
5

In [27]:

for x in range(2, 6):


print(x)

2
3
4
5

In [28]:

for x in range(2, 30, 3):


print(x)

2
5
8
11
14
17
20
23
26
29

In [29]:
for x in range(6):
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")

0
1
2
3
4
5
Finally finished!

In [30]:
adj = ["red", "big", "tasty"]
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in adj:
for x in adj:
for y in fruits:
print(x, y)

red apple
red banana
red cherry
big apple
big banana
big cherry
tasty apple
tasty banana
tasty cherry

4.2. While Loop


In [31]:
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1

1
2
3
4
5

In [32]:
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1

1
2
3

In [33]:
i = 0
while i < 6:
i += 1
if i == 3:
continue
print(i)

1
2
4
5
6

In [34]:
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
else:
print("i is no longer less than 6")

1
2
3
3
4
5
i is no longer less than 6

5. Python Functions
A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.
You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.
A function can return data as a result.

In [35]:

def my_function():
print("Hello from a function")

my_function()

Hello from a function

In [36]:

# Parameters

def my_function(fname):
print(fname + " Refsnes")

my_function("Emil")
my_function("Tobias")
my_function("Linus")

Emil Refsnes
Tobias Refsnes
Linus Refsnes

In [37]:

# Default Parameter Value

def my_function(country = "Norway"):


print("I am from " + country)

my_function("Sweden")
my_function("India")
my_function()
my_function("Brazil")

I am from Sweden
I am from India
I am from Norway
I am from Brazil

In [38]:

# Passing a List as a Parameter

def my_function(food):
for x in food:
print(x)

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

my_function(fruits)

apple
banana
cherry
In [39]:

# Return Values

def my_function(x):
return 5 * x

print(my_function(3))
print(my_function(5))
print(my_function(9))

15
25
45

In [40]:

# Keyword Arguments

def my_function(child3, child2, child1):


print("The youngest child is " + child3)

my_function(child1 = "Emil", child2 = "Tobias", child3 = "Linus")

def my_function(*kids):
print("The youngest child is " + kids[2])

my_function("Emil", "Tobias", "Linus")

The youngest child is Linus


The youngest child is Linus

6. Python Command Input


In [41]:
x = input("Type your name: ")
print("Name: ", x)

Type your name: Nizar


Name: Nizar

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