BSC Physics

THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
B.Sc. PHYSICS
DEGREE COURSE
CBCS PATTERN
(With effect from 2017 – 2018)
The Course of Study and the Scheme of Examinations

Ins.
S. Maximum
Study Components Hrs
NO. Part Credit Title of the Paper Marks
Course Title /week
SEMESTER I CIA Uni. Exam Total

1 I Language Paper-1 6 4 Tamil/Other Languages 25 75 100
2 II English Paper-1 6 4 English 25 75 100
Properties of Matter and
3 III Core Theory Paper-1 6 6 25 75 100
Acoustics
III Core Practical Practical-1 3 0 0 0 0
4 III Allied-1 Paper-1 4 4 Chemistry I or Biochemistry I 25 75 100
IV Allied Practical Practical-1 3 0 0 0 0
Environmental
5 IV 2 2 Environmental Studies 25 75 100
Studies
30 20 125 375 500
SEMESTER II CIA Uni. Exam Total

Thermal Physics and
Statistical Methods
Any 16 Experiments given in
11 III Core Practical Practical-1 3 3 25 75 100
syllabus
12 III Allied-1 Paper-2 4 4 Chemistry II or Biochemistry II 25 75 100

13 IV Allied Practical Practical-1 3 2 25 75 100
14 Value
IV 2 2 25 75 100
Education Value Education
15 IV Soft Skill 2 1 Soft Skills 25 75 100
30 25 200 600 800
B.Sc. Physics: Syllabus (CBCS)
Ins.
S. Study Components Hrs Credi Maximum
NO. Part t Title of the Paper Marks
Course Title /week
SEMESTER III CIA Uni. Exam Total

16 I Language Paper-3 6 4 Tamil / Other Languages 25 75 100
18 III Core Theory Paper-3 3 3 Electricity and magnetism 25 75 100
20 III Allied-2 Paper-3 7 4 Mathematics I 25 75 100
Skill Based
22 IV Subject Paper-1 3 3 Electrical Appliances 25 75 100
IV Non-Major
23 Elective Paper-1 2 2 Renewable Energy Sources 25 75 100
30 20 150 450 600
SEMESTER IV CIA Uni. Exam Total

26 III Core Theory Paper-4 3 3 Mechanics 25 75 100
syllabus
28 III Allied-2 Paper-4 7 6 Mathematics II 25 75 100
Skill Based
30 IV Subject Paper-2 3 3 Electronics Appliances 25 75 100
IV Non-Major
31 Paper-2 2 2 Basic Physics 25 75 100
Elective
30 25 175 525 700
SEMESTER V CIA Uni. Exam Total
32 III Core Theory Paper-5 6 6 Optics 25 75 100
Atomic Physics and
Spectroscopy
34 III Core Theory Paper-7 6 5 Basic Electronics 25 75 100
35 III Core Practical Practical-3 3 0 General 0 0 0
36 III Core Practical Practical-4 3 0 Electronics 0 0 0
38 III Elective I Paper-1 3 3 Group (A) or (B) or (C) 25 75 100
IV Skill Based
39 Subject III Paper - 3 3 3 Astro Physics 25 75 100
30 22 125 375 500

SEMESTER VI CIA Uni. Exam Total
Nuclear Physics and
Radiation Physics
Ins.
S. Study Components hrs Credi Maximum
NO. Part t Title of the Paper Marks
Course Title /week
Relativity, Quantum
III Core Theory Paper-9 5 4 Mechanics and Mathematical 25 75 100
Physics
35 III Core Theory Paper-10 5 4 Solid State Physics 25 75 100
36 III Core Practical Practical-3 3 25 75 100
6 syllabus
37 III Core Practical Practical-4 3 Electronics 25 75 100
40 III Elective Paper-2 3 3 Group (A) or (B) or (C) 25 75 100
III Elective Paper-3 3 3 Group (A) or (B) or (C) 25 75 100
Skill based
IV Paper-4 3 3 25 75 100
Subject Instrumentation Techniques
Extension
V - 1 100 - 100
Activities
TOTAL 30 28 300 600 900
Total Total
Part Subject Papers Credit Marks
credits Marks
Part I Languages 4 4 16 100 400
Part II English 4 4 16 100 400
Part III Allied (Odd Semester) 2 4 8 200 200
Allied (Even Semester) 2 4 10 200 200
Allied Practical 1 2 2 100 100
Electives 3 3 9 100 300
Core Theory 10 (3-7) 45 100 1000
Core Practical 4 3 12 100 400
Part IV Environmental Science 1 2 2 100 100
Soft skill 1 1 1 100 100
Value Education 1 2 2 100 100
Lang. & Others/NME 2 2 4 100 200
Skill Based 4 3 12 100 400
Part V Extension 1 1 1 100 100
Total 40 140 4000
ELECTIVE SUBJECTS
Students can choose any one of the groups (Elective I, II & III)
GROUP A
Elective 1: Digital Electronics

Elective 2: Applied Electronics
Elective 3: Microprocessor and its Applications – 8085
GROUP B
Elective 1: Materials Science
Elective 3: Laser and Fibre Optic Communication
GROUP C
Elective 1: Fundamentals of Nano Materials and its Characterization
Elective 3: Medical Physics
THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
B.Sc. PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
UNDER CBCS
(With effect from 2017 - 2018)
SEMESTER I
PAPER – 1
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS
UNIT – I: ELASTICITY
Hooke’s law – Stress-strain diagram – Elastic moduli – Relation between elastic constants –
Poisson’s Ratio – Expression for Poisson’s ratio in terms of elastic constants – Work done
in stretching and work done in twisting a wire – Twisting couple on a cylinder –
Determination of Rigidity modulus by static torsion – Torsional pendulum – Determination
of Rigidity modulus and moment of inertia and q, n,  by Searles method.
UNIT – II: BENDING OF BEAMS
Bending of beams – Expression for bending moment – Cantilever – Expression for

depression at the loaded end – oscillations of a Cantilever – Expression for time period –
Determination of Young’s modulus by cantilever oscillations Non-uniform bending –
Determination of young’s modulus by Koenig’s method – Uniform bending – Expression
for elevation – Experiment to determine young’s modulus using pin and microscope
method.
UNIT – III : FLUIDS
Surface Tension: Synclastic and anticlastic surface – Excess of pressure – Application to

spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles – variation of surface tension with temperature
– Jaegar’s method-Applications of surface tension.
Viscosity : Viscosity – Rate flow of liquid in a capillary tube – Poiseuille’s formula –

Determination of coefficient of viscosity of a liquid – Variations of viscosity of a liquid
with temperature- lubrication- Applications of viscosity.
SOUND
UNIT – IV : WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS

Simple harmonic motion – free, damped, forced vibrations and resonance – Fourier’s
Theorem – Application to saw tooth wave and square wave – Intensity and loudness of
sound – Decibels – Intensity levels – musical notes – musical scale.
Acoustics of buildings : Reverberation and time of reverberation – Absorption coefficient –
Sabine’s Formula – measurement of reverberation time – Acoustic aspects of halls and
auditoria.
UNIT – V: ULTRASONICS
Ultrasonic waves – Production – Piezo electric crystal method – Magnetostriction
Method – Properties – Deductions – Attenuation – Diffraction – Acoustic Grating –
Velocity of ultrosonics in liquids – application of ultrasonics – Medical, Industrial and
Scientific – Non destructive testing (NDT) – Classification of ultrasonic testing – Pulse
echo method – Sources of ultrasound – clinical applications of different scans.
Books for study:
1. Properties of matter by Murugeshan R, S Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Properties of matter by Brij Lal & Subramaniam, N Eurasia Publishing Co., New
Delhi, 1989.
3. Text book of sound by Brij Lal & Subramaniam, N Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1982.
4. Text book of sound by M N Srinivasan – Himalaya Publications (1991).
5. Science and Technology of Ultrasonics by Baldevraj, Narosa [2004].
Books for reference:
1. Elements of Properties of Matter by Mathur D S, Shymlal Charitable Trust, New

Delhi, 1993.
2. Fundamentals of General Properties of Matter by Gulati H R, R Chand & Co. New
Delhi, 1982.
3. Waves & Oscillations by Subrahmanyam N & Brij Lal, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1994.
4. A Textbook of Sound by Khanna D R & Bedi R S, Atma Ram & Sons, Jew Delhi
1985.
5. Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edition by D Halliday, R Resnick and J Walker, Wiley
NY 2001.
6. Physics, 4th Edition vols, I, II & II Extended by D Halliday, R Resnick and K S
Krane, Wiley NY 1994.
7. CRC Handbook of Physics & Chemistry, 80th ED., CR5 Press, NY, 1999.
8. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vols. I, II and III, by R P Feynman, RB Leighton
and M Sands, Narosa, New Delhi, 1998.
ALLIED
PAPER – 1
CHEMISTRY – I
OBJECTIVE:
 Basic knowledge on Metallurgy, Cycloalkanes, Polarising Effects, Stereochemistry,
Chemical Kinetics, Catalysis, Photochemistry, VSEPR Theory, Fuels, Osmosis,
Nuclear Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, Chemistry of Naphthalene, Conductors
and Applications wherever necessary are to be taught for I- Semester.
UNIT – I
1.1General Metallurgy - Extraction of Metals - Minerals and Ores- Difference between
Minerals and Ores – Minerals of Iron, Aluminum and Copper - Ore Dressing or
Concentration of Ores - Types of Ore Dressing- Froth Floatation process, Gravity
separation and Magnetic separation.
1.2 Calcination, Smelting, Roasting, Fux, Slag - Definition - Reduction methods -
Goldschmidt Aluminothermic process and Carbon Reduction method - Refining of
Metals - Electrolytic, Van Arkel and Zone Refining.
1.3 Ores of Titanium and Cobalt - Extraction of Titanium and Cobalt.
UNIT – II
2.1 Cycloalkanes - Preparation – Wurtz reaction and Dieckmann’s condensation -
Properties of Cycloalkanes – Substitution and Ring opening reactions.
2.2 Polarisation - Inductive effect, Mesomeric effect and Steric effect (Acid and Base
Strength).
2.3Stereoisomerism – Types - Cause of Optical Activity – Enantiomers - Diastereomers -

Meso form - Optical Activity of Lactic acid and Tartaric acid - Racemisation and
Resolution – Definition and Methods - Geometrical isomerism – Definition and example -
Maleic and Fumaric acid – Differences.
UNIT – III
3.1 Chemical Kinetics – Rate of a reaction – Definition of Order and Molecularity –
Distinction between Order and Molecularity - Derivation of First order rate equation -
Half Life Period of first order reaction.
3.2 Catalysis - Catalyst - Autocatalyst - Enzyme catalyst - Promoters - Catalytic poisons –

Active Centre - Differences between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis -
Industrial Applications of Catalysts.
3.3 Photochemistry – Grothus-Draper’s law – Stark-Einstein’s law - Quantum yield –

Photosynthesis - Phosphorescence – Fluorescence.
UNIT – IV
4.1 VSEPR Theory – Hybridisation and Shapes of simple molecules BF3, PCl5, SF6 and
XeF6.
4.2 Fuels – Classification of Fuels - Calorific value of Fuels – Water gas, Carbureted Water
gas and Producer gas – Composition and Uses - Non-Conventional fuels - Need of Solar
Energy - Applications - Biofuels – Oil gas, Natural gas and LPG – Uses.
4.3 Osmosis - Osmotic pressure - Reverse osmosis – Definition - Desalination of Sea

water.
UNIT – V
5.1Nuclear Chemistry – Atomic number, Mass number - Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones –
Definition and Examples - Definition of Half life period - Nuclear Binding Energy, Mass
Defect and N/P ratio - Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion (Elementary idea) - Applications
of Radioisotopes in Medicine, Agriculture and Industries – Carbon Dating.
5.2 Crude Oil - Petroleum - Petroleum Refining - Cracking - Applications of Cracking –

Naphthalene – Preparation – Haworth’s method – Properties – Oxidation, Reduction and
Uses of Naphthalene - Structure of Naphthalene (Structural elucidation not necessary).
5.3 Conductors, Insulators, Semiconductors, N- and P- Type Semiconductors –

Definitions and Examples.
ALLIED - 1
PAPER - 1
BIOCHEMISTRY I
UNIT-I: Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Definition and Classification of carbohydrate. Monosaccharides - occurrence, structure;
physical and chemical properties, linear and ring forms (Haworth formula) for glucose and
fructose. Disaccharides - occurrence, structure; physical and chemical properties of sucrose
and lactose. Polysaccharides - occurrence, structure, physical and chemical properties of
starch.
UNIT-II: Chemistry of amino acids
Definition and classification of amino acids. Reaction with ninhydrin, common properties
of amino acids, amphoteric nature, isoelectric point, isoelectric pH and Zwitter ion.
UNIT-III: Chemistry of Proteins
Classification based on solubility, shape and size. Physical properties: salting in and salting
out, denaturation, peptide bond. Structure of protein: primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structure.
UNIT-IV: Chemistry of Lipids
Definition, classification and functions of lipids. Occurrence, chemistry and biological
functions of simple lipids, compound lipids (e.g. phospholipids) and derived lipids: steroids
(e.g. cholesterol). Physical property-emulsification. Chemical property-saponification.
Functions of bile acids and bile salts.
UNIT-V: Chemistry of Nucleic acids
Definition - nucleoside, nucleotide and polynucleotide. Double helical model of DNA and
its biological functions. Structure, types and functions of RNA: tRNA, mRNA and rRNA.
Differences between DNA and RNA.
References:
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry-David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Macmillan
worth Publishers.
2. Harper’s Biochemistry-Rober K. Murray, Daryl K. Grammer, McGraw Hill, and Lange
Medical Books. 25th edition.
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry-J.L. Jain, Sunjay Jain, Nitin Jain, S. Chand & Company.
4. Biochemistry-Dr. Amit Krishna De, S. Chand & Co., Ltd.
5. Biochemistry-Dr. Ambika Shanmugam, Published by Author.
6. Biomolecules-C. Kannan , MJP Publishers,Chennai-5.
SEMESTER II
PAPER – 2
THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
UNIT – I : TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
Conduction in solids : Thermal conduction – thermal conductivity of a good conductor –

theory and determination – Forbe’s method – thermal conductivity of a poor conductor –
theory and determination – Lee’s disc method – Derivation of Wiedmann – Franz law and
its limitations – practical applications of conduction of heat.
Black body radiation : Stefan – Boltzmann law – determination of Stefan’s constant –

laboratory method – distribution of energy in the spectrum of a black body – results –
Planck’s quantum theory of radiation – solar constant – temperature of the Sun – Solar
Spectrum.
UNIT – II: LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
Joule – Kelvin effect – liquefaction of hydrogen – liquefaction of helium – Kammerling –

Onne’s method – Helium I and II – Lambda point – production of low temperatures –
adiabatic demagnetization – practical applications of low temperature – refrigerators and
air-conditioning machines – super fluidity – application of super fluidity – elementary ideas
and applications – Superconductivity – Type I and II superconductors – Meissner effect –
applications of superconductors – superconducting magnets.
UNIT – III: THERMODYNAMICS I
Thermodynamics Potentials – Zeroth law, First and Second law of thermodynamics –

Carnot’s theorem – thermodynamic scale of temperature – Perfect gas scale of temperature
– internal combustion engines – Otto engine and Diesel engine – working and efficiency.
UNIT - IV: THERMODYNAMICS II
First latent heat equation (Clausius-Clapeyron equation) – effect of pressure on melting

point and boiling point – second latent heat equation – Third law of thermodynamics –
concepts of entropy – temperature entropy diagram – entropy of perfect gas – Maxwell’s
thermo dynamical relations – derivation – applications – i) Clausius – Clapeyron equation,
ii) Specific heat Relation.
UNIT – V: STATISTICAL PHYSICS
Phase space, Micro and Macro – canonical – Ensembles – Different types of ensembles –
Definition of Probability – Relation between entropy & probability – Degrees of Freedom –
Statement of theorem of equipartition of energy – Classical Statistics – Group Velocity and
Phase velocity – Maxwell – Boltzmann law-distribution of velocity-Quantum statistics-
Fermi-Dirac distribution law-Bose-Einstein distribution law-comparison of three statistics.
Books for study:
1. Heat and thermodynamics – Brijlal and Subramaniyam, S Chand & Co.

2. Heat and thermodynamics – J B Rajam, S Chand & Co., New Delhi.
3. Thermal Physics – R Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasad, S Chand & Co., New
Delhi.
Books for Reference:
1. Heat and thermodynamics – D S Mathur, S Chand & Co., New Delhi

2. Elements of Statistical Mechanics – Gupta and Kumar, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.
3. Statistical Mechanics – Sathya Prakash and J P Agarwal, Kedar Nath & Ram Nath &
Co., Meerut.
4. Introduction to Solid State Physics – C Kittel, Prentice Hall of India.
CORE PRACTICAL – I
(Any 16 Experiments)
1. Youngs modulus – non uniform bending – pin and microscope.

2. Youngs modulus – non uniform bending – optic lever.
3. Young’s modulus cantilever – depression – dynamic method – Mirror Scale and
Telescope.
4. Rigidity modulus – torsional pendulum – without masses.
5. Rigidity modulus and moment of inertia – torsional pendulum – with identical
masses.
6. Surface tension and interfacial surface tension – drop weight method.
7. Coefficient of viscosity of liquid – graduated burette – Radius of capillary tube by
mercy pellet method.
8. Comparison of viscosities – (1/2).
9. q, n,  by Searle’s method.
10. Rigidity modulus – Static torision – Mirror scale and telescope.
11. Compound Pendulum – Determination of ‘g’ and ‘k’.
12. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc method.
13. Thermal conductivity of a good conductor-Forbe’s method.
14. Specific heat of liquid – Newtons law of cooling.
15. Sonometer – frequency of tuning fork.
16. Sonometer – RD of a solid and liquid.
17. Focal length – R and µ of a long focus convex lens.
i Auto collimination method
ii Auxillary Lens Method
18. Focal length – R and µ of a concave lens.
i Combination Method
ii Auxillary Lens Method
19. Spectrometer – solid prism- µ of material of prism.
20. Spectrometer- Hollow prism - µ of a liquid.
21. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter.
22. Potentiometer – Internal resistance.
23. Post office box – temperature coefficient of resistance.
ALLIED
PAPER – 2
CHEMISTRY – II
OBJECTIVE:
 Basic knowledge on Coordination Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Carbohydrates,
Aminoacids, Proteins, Electrochemistry, Paints and Pigments, dyes, Vitamins,
Medicinal Chemistry, Corrosion and Applications wherever necessary are to be
taught for II- semester.
UNIT – I
1.1 Coordination Chemistry - Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds - Ligands,
Central Metal Ion and Complex Ion – Definition and Examples – Coordination Number -
Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds - Chelates - Functions and Structure of
Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll.
1.2 Industrial Chemistry - Fertilisers and Manures – Biofertilisers - Organic Manures and
their importance - Role of NPK in plants - Preparation and Uses of Urea, Ammonium
Nitrate, Potassium Nitrite and Super Phosphate of Lime.
1.3 Contents in Match Sticks and Match Box - Industrial making of Safety Matches –
Preparation and Uses of Chloroform, DDT, Gammexane and Freons.
UNIT – II
2.1 Carbohydrates - Definition and Examples - Classification – Oxidation and Reduction
Reactions of Glucose - Structure of Glucose (Structural elucidation not necessary) - Uses
of Starch - Uses of Cellulose Nitrate and Cellulose Acetate.
2.2 Amino Acids – Definition and Examples - Classification of Amino Acids -
Preparation - Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis – Properties – zwitterion and Isoelectric
point - Structure of Glycine.
2.3 Proteins – Definition - Classification of Proteins based on Physical properties and
Biologcal functions - Primary and Secondary Structure of Proteins (Elementary Treatment
only) – Composition of RNA and DNA and their Biological role - Tanning of Leather -
Alum (Aluminum chloride tanning ) - Vegetable tanning – Chrome Tanning.
UNIT – III
3.1 Electrochemistry - Electrolytes – Definition and Examples – Classification - Specific
and Equivalent Conductance - their determination – Variation of Specific and Equivalent
conductance with Dilution – Ostwald’s Dilution Law and its Limitations.
3.2 Kohlrausch’s Law - Determination of Dissociation Constant of weak Electrolytes
using Conductance measurement - Conductometric titrations.
3.3 pH – Definition and pH determination by indicator method - Buffer solutions -
Buffer action - Importance of buffers in the living systems.
UNIT – IV
4.1Paints - Components of Paint – Requisites of a Good Paint - Pigments – Classification
of Pigments on the basis of Colour – Examples - Dyes – Definition – Chromophores and
Auxochromes – Examples - Colour and Dyes - Classification based on Constitution and
Application – Examples.
4.2 Vitamins – Definition – Classification – Water Soluble and Fat Soluble – Occurrence -
Biological Activities and Deficiency Diseases caused by Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K -
Hormones – Definition and Examples – Biological Functions of Insulin and Adrenaline.
4.3 Chromatography - Principles and Applications of Column and Paper chromatography-
Rf value.
UNIT – V
5.1 Drugs - Sulpha Drugs – Preparation and Uses of Sulphapyridine and
Sulphadiazine - Mode of Action of Sulpha Drugs - Antibiotics - Uses of Penicillin,
Chloramphenicol and Streptomycin - Drug Abuse and Their Implication - Alcohol – LSD.
5.2 Anaesthetics - General and Local Anaesthetics - Antiseptics - Examples and their
Applications - Definition and One Example each for Analgesics, Antipyretics,
Tranquilizers, Sedatives - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment of Diabetes, Cancer and AIDS.
5.3 Electrochemical Corrosion and its Prevention – Electroplating – Applications.
ALLIED
PAPER - 2
BIOCHEMISTRY II
UNIT-I: Metabolism
Glycolysis, TCA cycle and its energetics, HMP shunt pathway. Deamination,
transamination reaction, transaminase enzymes, Urea cycle.
UNIT-II: Metabolic Disorders
Diabetes mellitus, Glycogen storage diseases, Glycosuria, Ketosis, Jaundice, Phenyl

ketonuria, Alkaptonuria. Dehydration: definition, causes, symptom and prevention.
UNIT-III: Enzymes
Definition, classification of enzymes with one example. Mechanism of enzyme action -

Lock and key mechanism, Induced Fit theory. Michaleis-Menton equation. Enzyme
inhibition: competitive, uncompetitive and non competitive. Biological functions of
enzymes.
UNIT-IV: Molecular Biology
Central dogma of molecular biology. DNA and RNA act as genetic material. Replication:
Definition, types, mode of action of replication, mechanism of replication. General
mechanism of transcription and translation. Genetic code.
UNIT-V: Vitamins
A brief outline of source, requirement, biological function and deficiency of Vitamins (fat
soluble and water soluble vitamins).
References:
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry-David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox, Macmillan
worth Publishers.
2. Harper’s Biochemistry-Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Grammer, McGraw Hill, and Lange
Medical Books. 25th edition.
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry-J.L. Jain, Sunjay Jain, Nitin Jain, S. Chand & Company.
4. Biochemistry-Dr. Amit Krishna De, S. Chand & Co., Ltd.
5. Biochemistry-Dr. Ambika Shanmugam, Published by Author.
6. Biomolecules-C. Kannan, MJP Publishers, Chennai-5.
SEMESTER III
PAPER – 3
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
UNIT – I : ELECTROSTATICS
Gauss’ Law – Electric Field due to uniformly charged sphere – Electric Intensity -
Electrostatic potential – electric potential as line integral of electric field – relation between
electric potential and electric field in vector form – capacitance – capacitance of a spherical
and cylindrical capacitor – energy of a charged capacitor – loss of energy due to sharing of
charges - Dielectric medium, Polarisation, Displacement vector. Gauss's theorem in
dielectrics - Parallel plate capacitor completely filled with dielectric.
UNIT – II : CURRENT ELECTRICITY & TRANSIENT CURRENT
Carey Foster bridge – theory – determination of temperature coefficient of resistance –

calibration of ammeter and voltmeter using a potentiometer.
Growth and decay of current in a circuit containing resistance and inductance. Growth and
decay of charge in circuit containing resistance and capacitor – measurement of high
resistance by leakage – growth and decay of charge in a LCR circuit – condition for the
discharge to be oscillatory – frequency of oscillation.
UNIT – III : THERMO ELECTRICITY
Seeback, Peltier and Thomson effects – laws of thermoelectric circuits – Peltier coefficient
– Thomson coefficient – application of thermodynamics to a thermocouple and expressions
for Peltier and Thomson coefficients - thermo electric power and thermo electric diagrams.
UNIT – IV : ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION
Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction in vector form – Lenz’z law - determination of

self-inductance by Anderson’s bridge method and absolute mutual inductance by BG –
Ruhmkorff’s induction coil – induction coil and its uses – Coefficeint of coupling – Earth
inductor - Eddy Currents - Energy stored in a magnetic field.
UNIT – V : MAGNETISM
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart's law & its applications- straight conductor, circular coil,
solenoid carrying current. Divergence and curl of magnetic field. Magnetic vector potential.
Ampere's circuital law.
Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction, permeability,
magnetic susceptibility. Brief introduction of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic materials.
Books for study:
1. R Murugeshan – Electricity and magnetism, 8th Edn, 2006, S Chand & Co., New
Delhi.
2. M Narayanamurthy & N Nagarathnam, Electricity & Magnetism 4th Edn, National
Publishing Co., Meerut.
3. Duggal and Chhabra, Electricity and Magnetism.
4. Brijlal, N Subramanyan and Jivan Seshan, Mechanics and Electrodynamics [2005],

Eurasia Publishing House [Pvt.] Ltd., New Delhi.
1. Sehgal D L, Chopra K L, Sehgal N K – Electricity and Magnetism, Sultan Chand

& Sons, New Delhi. Brijlal and Subramanian, Electricity and Magnetism, 6th Edn.,
Ratan & Prakash, Agra.
2. David J Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 2nd Edn. 1997, Prentice Hall of

India pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Electricity & Magnetism by K K Tewari, S Chand & Co., 3rd Edition, 2001.
ALLIED
MATHEMATICS – I
Objectives of the Course:
To Explore the Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
UNIT-I: ALGEBRA
Partial Fractions - Binomial, Exponential and logarithmic Series (without Proof) -
Summation - Simple problems
UNIT-II : THEORY OF EQUATIONS

Polynomial Equations with real Coefficients - Irrational roots - Complex roots-
Transformation of equation by increasing or decreasing roots by a constant - Reciprocal
equations - Newton’s method to find a root approximately - Simple problems.
UNIT-III : MATRICES
Symmetric - Skew-Symmetric - Orthogonal and Unitary matrices - Eigen roots and
eigen vectors – Cayley - Hamilton theorem (without proof)-Verification and computation of
inverse matrix
UNIT-IV: TRIGONOMETRY
Expansions of sinn θ, cosn θ, sinnθ, cosnθ, tannθ - Expansions of sin θ, cos θ, tan θ in
terms of θ.
UNIT-V: DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Successive differentiation upto third order, Jacobians -Concepts of polar co-
ordinates-Curvature and radius of curvature in Cartesian co-ordinates and in polar co-
ordinates.
Recommended Text:
P.Duraipandian and S.Udayabaskaran,(1997) Allied Mathematics, Vol. I & II.Muhil
Publishers, Chennai.
Reference Books:
1. P.Balasubramanian and K.G.Subramanian,(1997) Ancillary Mathematics. Vol. I
& II. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. S.P.Rajagopalan and R.Sattanathan,(2005) Allied Mathematics .Vol. I & II.
VikasPublications, New Delhi.
3. P.R.Vittal (2003) Allied Mathematics .Marghan Publications, Chennai
4. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy (2003) Allied Mathematics Vol-I, II S.Chand&
company Ltd., New Delhi-55.
5. Isaac, Allied Mathematics. New Gamma Publishing House, Palayamkottai.
SKILLED BASED SUBJECT
PAPER – 1
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
UNIT – I
Resistance and its types – capacitance and its types – Colour codes-inductance and its units
– Transformers – Electrical Charge – Current – Electrical Potential
UNIT - II
Ohm’s law – Galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter and Multimeter Analog and Digital -
Electrical Energy – Power – Watt – kWh – Consumption and electrical power.
UNIT – III
AC and DC – Single phase and three phase connections – RMS and peak values, House
wiring – Star and delta connection – overloading – earthing – short circuiting – Fuses –
Colour code for insulation wires
UNIT - IV
Inverter – UPS – generator and motor – types – different types of windings – circuit
breaker-Electrical switches and its types.
UNIT – V
Electrical bulbs – Fluorescent lamps – Street Lighting – Flood lighting – Electrical Fans –
Wet Grinder – Mixer – Water Heater – Storage and Instant types, electric iron box,
microwave oven – Stabilizer, fridge.
Books for study:
1. A text book in Electrical Technology – B L Theraja – S chand & Co.
2. A text book in Electrical Technology – A K Theraja.
3. Performance and design of AC machines – M G Say ElBS Edn.

NON – MAJOR ELECTIVE
PAPER – 1
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Unit - I: Conventional Energy Sources
The fossil fuels - commercial energy sources and their availability – various forms of
energy – renewable and conventional energy system – comparison – Coal, oil and natural
gas – applications– Merits and Demerits – fuel cells.
Unit - II: Solar Energy
Renewable energy sources – solar energy – nature and solar radiation – components – solar
heaters – crop dryers – solar cookers – water desalination (block diagram) Photovoltaic
generation – merits and demerits
Unit - III: Biomass energy fundamentals
Biomass energy – classification – photosynthesis – Biomass conversion process
Unit - IV: Biomass Utilization
Gobar gas plants – wood gasification – advantages & disadvantages of biomass as energy
source
Unit - V: Other forms of energy sources
Geothermal energy – wind energy – Ocean thermal energy conversion – energy from waves
and tides (basic ideas)
Books for Study:
“Renewable energy sources and emerging Technologies”, by D.P. Kothari, K.C. Singal &
Rakesh Ranjan, Prentice Hall of India pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2008)
“Renewable Energy sources and their environmental impact” – S.A. Abbasi and Nasema
Abbasi PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2008).
SEMESTER IV
PAPER – 4
MECHANICS
UNIT – I : DYNAMICS
Rigid body – moment of inertia – radius of gyration – moment of inertia of a solid cylinder,
cylindrical shell, solid sphere, spherical shell - Compound pendulum – theory – equivalent
simple pendulum – reversibility of centers of suspension and oscillation
UNIT – II : STATICS AND HYDROSTATICS
Centre of pressure – centre of pressure of a vertical rectangular lamina and

vertical triangular lamina- laws of floatation- meta centre and metacentric height of a ship-
production of low pressure- rotary pump- diffusion pump- pirani gauge
UNIT – III : ROCKETS AND SATELLITES
Rockets and Satellites – Basic Principles of rocket motion – Rocket Equation, thrust and
acceleration – Escape velocity multistage rockets – liquid, solid and cryogenic – propellant
rockets
– space shuttle - Orbital velocity – launching of a satellite, types of satellite orbits.
UNIT – IV : CLASSICAL MECHANICS I
Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics – Mechanics for a system of particles –

Generalised co-ordinates – transformation equations – configuration space – Principles of
virtual work – D’Alembert’s principle – Lagrange’s equation – Applications of Lagrange’s
equation – Simple pendulum.
UNIT – V : CLASSICAL MECHANICS II
Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics – phase space – Hamiltonian function –

Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion – Applications of Hamilton’s equations of
motion – Simple pendulum.
Books for study:
1. Mechanics and mathematical methods by R Murugeshn, S Chand. Elements of
mechanics by Gupta.
2. Dynamics by Naranamurthi, National Publishing Company, Chennai. Classical
Mechanics by Gupta Kumar and Sharma.
3. Classical Mechanics by B D Gupta and Sathya Prakash, Kedar Nath Ram Nath &
Co.,
1. Mechanics by D S Mathur.
2. Classical Mechanics by Goldstein, Narosa.
3. Mechanics and Properties of Matter, C.L. Arora, S. Chand & Co.

CORE PRACTICAL – II
1. Young’s modulus uniform bending Pin and microscope.

2. Young’s modulus uniform bending Scale and Telescope.
3. Sonometer – AC frequency – steel and brass wires.
4. Melde’s String – Frequency of the vibrator – Both modes.
5. Spectometer – µ of a prism – i-d curve.
6. Spectometer – grating – N and λ – Normal incidence method.
7. Spectometer – grating – N and λ – Minimum deviation method.
8. Air wedge – thickness of a thin wire.
9. Carey Foster’s bridge – Temperature coefficient of resistance.
10. Potentiometer – Calibration of high range ammeter.
11. Potentiometer – resistance and specific resistance of a wire.
12. Figure of merit of a galvanometer – Table Galvanometer.
13. BG – Figure of merit – Charge sensitiveness.
14. BG – Comparison of capacitances.
15. BG – Comparison of emf of two cells.
16. m and BH – Tan C – deflection magnetometer and vibration magnetometer.
17. Low range power pack – using two diodes.
18. Transistor Characteristics – CE / CB modes.
19. Zener diode as a Voltage regulator.
20. IC Voltage regulator using 7805.
ALLIED
MATHEMATICS – II
Objectives of the Course

To Explore the Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
UNIT-I: Application of Integration

Evaluation of double, triple integrals - Simple applications to area, volume -Fourier
-
UNIT-II: Partial Differential Equations

Formation, complete integrals and general integrals - Four standard types ,
Lagrange’s equations.
UNIT-III: Laplace Transforms

Laplace Transformations of standard functions and simple properties - Inverse
Laplace transforms - Applications to solutions of linear differential equations of order 1 and
2-simple problems
UNIT-IV: Vector Analysis

Scalar point functions - Vector point functions - Gradient ,divergence, curl -
Directional derivatives - Unit to normal to a surface.
UNIT-V: Vector Analysis (continued)

Line and surface integrals - Guass, Stoke’s and Green’s theorems(without proofs) -
Simple problem based on these Theorems.
Recommended Text
P.Duraipandian and S.Udayabaskaran,(1997) Allied Mathematics, Vol. I & II.Muhil
Publishers, Chennai
Reference Books:
1. P.Balasubramanian and K.G.Subramanian,(1997)Ancillary Mathematics. Vol. I & II.
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. S.P.Rajagopalan and R.Sattanathan,(2005) Allied Mathematics .Vol. I & II.Vikas
Publications, New Delhi.
3. P.R.Vittal(2003). Allied Mathematics .Marghan Publications, Chennai.
4. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy (2003) Allied Mathematics Vol-I, II S.Chand&
company Ltd., New Delhi-55.
5. Isaac, Allied Mathematics. New Gamma Publishing House, Palayamkottai
SKILL BASED SUBJECT
PAPER – 2
ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES
UNIT – I
Passive devices – Resistors – types – characteristics – colour coding – capacitors – type –

characteristics – colour coding star and delta connection of a resistors and capacitors.
UNIT - II
chokes – Transformers – testing of diodes, transistors and ICs – CRO – Waveforms and
Lissajoue’s figures – A/F and R/F oscillators – usage of bread board.
UNIT – III
Semiconductor diode – Zener diode – Transistor – Transistor configurations – diode

rectifier – half wave and full wave – Bridge retifier – Diode voltage doublers and multiplier.
UNIT – IV
Regulated power supply, Zener diode voltage regulator (Series and Shunt type) IC Voltage
regultors: fixed positive – fixed negative – adjustable.
UNIT – V
Basic concepts of radio transmitter and receiver – Basic concepts of TV Transmitter and
receiver – TV antennas: Resonance antennas and their characteristics – Dipole Antenna –
Folded dipole – Yagi antenna – Yagi antenna design – Dish Antenna – DTH system –
Mobile communication system - MODEM.
Books for study:

1. Principles of Electronics by V K Metha, S Chnd & Co., 5th edition 2001.
2. Functional Electronics by Ramanan.
3. Elements of Electronics by Bagde and Singh.
4. Monochrome and Colour TV by Gulati.

5. Basic Electronics, 6th Edition by B Grob, McGraw Hill NY 1989.
NON MAJOR ELECTIVE

PAPER – 2
BASIC PHYSICS
UNIT – I: MECHANICS
Force – Weight – Work – Energy – Power – Horsepower – Centrifuge – Washing Machine.

UNIT – II: HEAT
Variation of boiling point with pressure – Pressure cooker – Refrigerator – Air Conditioner
– Principle and their capacities – Bernoulli Principle – Aero plane.
UNIT – III: SOUND AND OPTICS
Sound waves – Doppler effect – Power of lens – Long sight and short sight – Microscope –
Telescope – Binocular - Camera.
UNIT – IV: GEO PHYSICS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS
Earthquake – Richter scale – thunder and lightning – Lightning arrestors – Cosmic showers
– X-rays– Ultrasound scan – CT scan – MRI scan.
UNIT – V: SPACE SCIENCE AND COMMUNICATION
Newton’s law of gravitation – Weather forecasting and communication satellites – Indian

Satellites– Electromagnetic spectrum – Radio Waves – AM and FM transmission and
reception.
Books for study:

1. The Learner’s Series – Everyday Science – Published by INFINITY BOOKS, New
Delhi.
2. The Hindu speaks on Science, Vol I & II, Kasturi & Sons, Chennai.
1. Fundamentals of Physics by D. Hallidy, R. Rensick and J. Walker, 6th Edition,
Wiley, NY (2001).
2. Physics, Vols I, II, III by D. Halliday, R. Rensick and K.S. Krane, 4th Edition, Wiley,
New York (1994).
3. The Feymann Lectures on Physics Vols, I, II, III by R.P. Feynmann, R.B. Leighton
& M. Sands, Narosa, New Delhi (1998).
SEMESTER V
PAPER – 5
OPTICS
UNIT – I : GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Spherical aberration in lenses – Methods of minimizing sphericl aberration – Condition for

minimum spherical aberration in the case of two lenses separated by a distance – Chromatic
aberration in lenses – Condition for achromtism of two thin lenses (in contact and out of
contact)
– coma – astigmatism – Ramsden,s and Huygen’s eyepieces – Constant deviation
spectrometer – Calculation of characteristic wave number of spectral lines.
UNIT – II : INTERFERENCE
Theory of thin films – Air wedge – Determination of diameter of a thin wire by air wedge –
Michelson’s Interferometer – Theory – Applications – wave length, thickness of thin
transparent material and resolution of spectral lines – Brewster’s fringes – Refractive index
of gases – Jamin’s & Rayleigh’s Interferometers.
UNIT – III : DIFFRACTION

Fresnel,s diffraction – Diffraction at circular aperture, straight edge and single slit – Plane
diffraction grating – theory and experiment to determine wavelength – normal incidence –
oblique incidence – Fraunhofer,s diffraction – Missing orders – Overlapping spectra
Rayleigh’s criteria – Resolving power of telescope, prism, microscope and grating.
UNIT – IV : POLARIZATION
Introduction to polarisation – Double refraction – Huygen’s explanation of double

refraction in uniaxial crystal – Dichroism – Polaroids and their uses Plane, elliptically and
circularly polarized light – Production and detection – Optical Activity – Fresnel’s
explanation of optical activity – Specific Rotatory Power – Determination using Laurent’s
Half Shade Polarimeter – Kerr effect and Faraday effect.
19
UNIT – V : FIBRE OPTICS
Introduction – Structure of an optical fibre - Classification of fibres based on Refractive

index and number of modes of transmission – Theory of transmission of electromagnetic
wave through fibres – Acceptance angle - Numerical aperture – absorbtion and scattering
losses – optical fibre communication system - Application of optical fibres as wave guide
and sensors.
Books for study:
1. Optics by Subramaniam N & Brij Lal, S Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1990.
2. Optics by Khnna D R & Gulati H R, R Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1979.
3. Optics and Spectroscopy by Murugeshn, S Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Optical fiber communications –Principles and Practice by John M Senior, Second

edition, Prentice Hall, Pearson New Delhi.
5. Optical fiber communications by Gerd Keiser, Second edition, McGraw Hill
1. Fundamentals of Optics by Jenkins Francis and White E Harvey, McGraw Hill Inc.,
New Delhi, 1976.
2. Optical Physics by Lipson. S G, Lipson H and Tannhauser D S, Cambridge
University Press (1995).
3. Fundamental of Optics by Raj M G, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., (1996), New
Delhi.
4. Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edition, by D Halliday, R Resnick and J Walker. Wiley
NY 2001.
5. Physics, 4th Edition Vols I, II & II Extended by D Halliday, R Resnick and K S
Krane, Wiley, Ny, 1994.
6. CRC Handbook of Physics & Chemistry, 80th Ed., CRS Press, Ny, 1999.
7. The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vols. I, II and III by R P Feynman, R B Leighton
and M Sands, Narosa, New Delhi 1998.
8. Fibre Optic Communication System, Govind P. Agarwal, John –Willey & Sons.
20
PAPER – 6
ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SPECTORSCOPY

UNIT – I : DISCHARGE PHENOMENON THROUGH GASES
Moving of a charge in transverse electric and magnetic fields – specific charge of an

electron – Dunnington’s method – Magnetron method – Positive rays – Thomson prabola
method – Aston and Dempster’s mass spectrograph.
UNIT – II : ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Vector atom model – Pauli’s exclusion principle – explanation of periodic table – various
quantum numbers – angular momentum and magnetic moment – coupling schemes – LS
and JJ coupling – spatial quantisation – Bohr magnetron – Stern and Gerlach experiment.
Spectral terms and notations – selection rules – intensity rule and interval rule – fine
structure of sodium D lines – alkali spectra – fine structure of alkali spectra – spectrum of
Helium.
UNIT – III : IONISATION POTENTIAL AND SPLITTING OF ENERGY LEVELS
Excitation and ionization potential – Davis and Goucher’s method – Zeeman effect –
Larmor’s theorem – Debye’s explanation of normal Zeeman effect – Anamalous Zeeman
effect – theoretical explanation. Lande’s ‘g’ factor and explanation of splitting of D1 and D2
lines of sodium – Paschen back effect-theory – Stark effect (qualitative treatment only).
UNIT-IV: INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
The energy of a Diatomic molecule - The simple harmonic oscillator - The Diatomic
vibrating rotator - The vibration - rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide - Techniques and
Instrumentation (outline).
Quantum theory of Raman effect - Molecular Polarizability - Pure rotational Raman spectra
of linear molecules - Vibrational Raman spectra - Structured determination from Raman and
Infrared spectroscopy - Techniques and Instrumentation (outline).
21
UNIT V: LASER PHYSICS
Lasers: Population inversion, Laser pumping, Resonators - Vibrational modes of resonators,

number of modes/unit volume - Open resonators, Control resonators, Q Factor, Losses in
the cavity, Threshold condition, Quantumyield. Ruby Laser – 3 level system, Pumping
power, Spiking U3+ in CaF2 laser, four level laser, Neodymium laser - Nd:YAG,
Applications of Lasers in Industry, Medicine & Communication.
Books for study:
1. Modern physics by R Murugesan, S Chand & Co., New Delhi - 2004.
2. Atomic and Nuclear physics by N Subramanian and Brij Lal, S Chand & Co. - 2000.
3. Atomic physics by J B Rajam.
4. Spectroscopy by Gupta & Kumar
5. Spectroscopy by Banewell
6. Laser Fundamentals, by William T. Silfvast , Cambridge University Press,
1. Atomic physics by A B Gupta and Dipak Ghosh – Books and Allied Publishers.
2. Modern physics by J H Hamilton and Yang, McGraw Hill Publication 1996.
3. Concepts of Modern physics by A Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 1997.
4. Fundamentals of physics, 6th edition, by D Halliday, R Resnick and J Walker, Wiley
NY 2001.
5. Laser and Non Linear Optics by B.B.Laud, New Age international.
6. Laser systems and applications by Niyanad Choudhary and Richa Verma, PHI,New
Delhi
PAPER – 7
BASIC ELECTRONICS
UNIT – I : SEMICONDUCTOR THEORY DEVICES AND CHARACTERISTICS
Classification of solids in terms of forbidden energy gap Fermi level – Fermi-Dirac function
– Carrier concentration intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors – effect of temperature on
Fermi level – PN junction diode – Zener diode – Tunnel diode – photo diode – PIN – APD
– Photo transistor – JFET construction and working – types of JFET – biasing – V-I
characteristics in common source mode – JFET as amplifier.
UNIT – II : RECTIFIERS AND AMPLIFIERS
Half-wave, Full-wave and bridge rectifier – Two port representation of a transistor – h-

parameters– AC equivalent circuit using h-parameters – analysis of an amplifier using h-
parameters – Expressions for current gain, voltage gain input impedance, output impedance
and power gain for common emitter only. RC coupled amplifier – frequency response curve
– classification of amplifiers – class A power amplifier – Push-pull, class B power amplifier
– Darlington pair - Emitter follower.
UNIT – III : FEEDBACK OSCILLATORS
Voltage gain of a feedbck amplifier – Barkhausen criterion – Hartley, Colpitt’s, phase shift
and Weinbridge oscillators – expressions for frequency of oscillations and condition for
sustained oscillations in each case – crystal oscillator – frequency stability.
UNIT – IV : WAVE SHAPING CIRCUITS AND MULTI VIBRATORS
Clipping and clamping circuits – biased clipper – integrating and differentiating circuits.
Multivibrators – Astable – Mono stable and bi-stable multivibrators-Schmitt trigger.
UNIT – V : RADIO COMMUNICATION AND TELEVISION
Principles of transmission and reception – Modulation – types of modulation – amplitude

modulation – frequency modulation and phase modulation – theory and mathematical
analysis for AM, FM and PM – detector – AM Detector – FM Discriminator – AM and FM
transmitter and receiver – RADAR – Range equation – Applications of RADAR.
Books for study:

1. Principles of electronics by V K Mehta, S Chand & Co., 5th edition 2001. Elements
of electronics by Bagde and S P Singh.
2. Functional electronics by Ramanan. Monochrome and Colour TV by Gulati.
3. Basic and applied electronics by M Arul Thalapathi, Comptek, Publishers, Chennai
2005.
4. Electronic Communication systems, by George Kennedy, Bernard Davis , S R M
Prasanna, 5th edn, Tata McGraw Hill, India
1. Electronic principles by Malvino.
2. Electronic devices and circuits by Allen Mottershed.
3. Monochrome and colour TV Gulati.
4. Basic Television and videosystems by B Grob.
5. Solid State Electronics by Manna, Tata McGraw Hill.

6. Basic electronics, 6th Edition by B Grob, McGraw Hill, NY 1989.
7. Introduction to Radar systems, by Merrill I Skolnik, McGraw Hill.

SKILL BASED SUBJECT
PAPER – 3
ASTRO PHYSICS
UNIT – I: ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS
Optical telescope - reflecting telescope - types of reflecting telescope - advantages of

reflecting telescopes - radio telescope - astronomical spectrographs - photographic
photometry - photoelectric spectrometry- detectors and image processing.
UNIT – II : SPACE
Introduction – Hubble’s Law – Big bang theory – Shape of Universe – Expanding universe
in space – Galaxies – Types of Galaxies – Spiral, Elliptical and Irregular Galaxies –
Clusters of Galaxies – Milky Way – Quasars.
UNIT – III : STARS
Birth of Stars – Colour and Age – Life of Stars – Red giant stars – With dwarf star –
Neutron Star – Black hole – Supernovae – Constellations - Zodiac.
UNIT – IV : SOLAR SYSTEM
Introduction – Sun – Structure of Sun – Nuclear reactions in sun – Sun spot and solar flares
– Earth – Structure of earth – Atmosphere – Moon and its structure – Inner planets – Outer
planets – Asteroids – Meteors – Meteorites - Comets.
UNIT – V : SPACE DISTANCE, UNITS AND CO-ORDINATES
Cislunar space – Translunar space – Inter planetary distance – Interesteller space – Inter
galactic space – Light Year – Astronomical Unit – Astronomical Map. Astronomical
Systems – Astronomical co-ordinates – Celestial Sphere – Celestial Equators – Celestial
Poles - Celestic.
Books for study:
1. BaidyanathBasu / An introduction to Astrophysics / second printing, Prentice Hall

of India Private limited New Delhi – 2001
2. Hewish. A / Physics of the universe / CSIR publication, New Delhi, 1992.
3. Biman Basu / Inside Stars / CSIR Publication, New Delhi, 1992.
4. Biman Basu / Cosmic Vistas / National Book Trust of India, 2002.
5. Krishnasamy K.S. / Astro Physics a modern perspective / New Age
International / New Delhi.
6. Murugesan. R / Modern Physics / S. Chand & Co. / New Delhi, 2003.
1. Mohan Sundara Rajan / Space today / National Book Trust of Indi, 2000.
2. William K. Hartmann / The Cosmic Voyage through time and space / Wads worth
Publishing company, Californi, 1990.
SEMESTER VI
PAPER – 8
NUCLEAR AND RADIATION PHYSICS
UNIT – I : NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
Nuclear spin – determination of magnetic dipole moment, electric quadruple moment, parity
of nuclei, isospin, theories of nuclear composition, proton and electron hypothesis, proton –
neutron hypothesis, nuclear forces – meson theory of nuclear forces.
Liquid drop model – Bethe – Weizacker’s mass formula – application to alpha decay – Bohr
– Wheeler theory – Shell model – evidences – theory o energy level diagram – spin orbit
interaction
– magic numbers – nuclear stability.
UNIT – II : NUCLEAR DECAY
Radioactive disintegration – law of successive disintegration – transient and secular

equilibrium – radioactive series – Geiger – Nuttal law – Age of earth – alpha particle
disintegration energy – alpha particle spectra – theory of alpha decay (qualitative
treatment). Beta ray spectra – origin – neutrino theory of beta decay – electron capture –
gamma rays – determination of wavelength by Dumond – crystal spectrometer – nuclear
isomerism.
UNIT – III : PARTICLE ACCELERATORS AND DETECTORS
Cyclotron – synchrocyclotron – Betatron – electron synchrotron – proton synchrotron

(Bevatron) GM counter – ionization chamber – bubble chamber – scintillation counter –
photographic emulsion techniques.
UNIT – IV : RADIATION PHYSICS
Nuclear fission – Chain reaction – four-factor formula – reactor theory – critical size of a
reactor – general aspect of reactor design – reactor shielding – reactor control –
classification of reactors – pressurized heavy water reactor – fast breeder reactor –
Radiation hazards – biological effects of radiation – radiation sickness – radiation units and
operational limits – radiation survey meters – pocket dosimeter – control of radiation
hazards – radiation therapy – radioisotopes used for therapy – nuclear medicine – industrial
applications – food preservatives.
UNIT – V : ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
Classification – types of interaction – symmetry and conservation laws – hadrons – leptons

– baryons – mesons – strangeness – hyperons – antiparticles – antimatter – basic ideas about
quarks – types of quarks.
Books for study:
1. Modern physics by R Murugeshan S Chand & Co.
2. Introduction to Modern Physics by Rich Meyer, Kennard, Coop Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co.
3. Atomic and nuclear physics by Littlefeld & Thorley.
4. Modern physics by R Murugeshan & Kiruthiga, Sivaprasath S Chand & Co. (2006).
1. Nuclear Physics S N Ghoshal – S Chand & Co. Edition 2003.
2. Nuclear Physics D G Tayal – Himalayan Publishing House.
3. Elements of Nucler Physics – M L Pandya & R P S Yadav Kedar Nath Ram Nath
(2000).
4. Nuclear Physics – Irving Keplan.
5. Nuclear Physics – J B Rajam, S Chand Publishing Co.

PAPER – 9
RELATIVITY, QUANTUM MECHANICS & MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
UNIT – I : RELATIVITY
Frames of reference – Michelson – Morley experiment – Significance of negative result –

postulates of special theory of relativity – Lorentz transformation equations – Length
contraction – Time dilation – Relativity of simultaneity – Law of addition of velocities –
variation of mass with velocity – relativistic kinetic energy equations – postulates of general
theory of relativity – gravitational red shift.
UNIT – II : WAVE MECHANICS
Matter waves – de Broglie wavelength – wave velocity and group velocity – Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty principle – proof of Uncertainty principle for one dimensional wave packet –
Postulates of wave mechanics – properties of wave functions – operator formalism – eigen
functions – eigen values – expectation values.
UNIT – III : SCHRODINGER EQUATIONS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Schrodinger equation – time dependent and time independent – application of Schrodinger

equations – linear harmonic oscillator – zero point energy – particle in a one dimensional
box – barrier penetration and tunnelling effect – rigid rotator – hydrogen atom.
UNIT – IV : MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Gauss divergence theorem – Stoke’s theorem – Green’s theorem – applications of vectors to

hydrodynamics.
Orthogonal curvilinear coordinates – spherical polar coordinates – differential operators in

terms of orthogonal curvilinear coordinates – expressions for gradient, div, curl and Ñ2 in
Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinates.
UNIT – V : SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Beta and gamma functions – problems – relation between beta and gamma functions –
Bessel’s differential equations – Legendre’s differential equations – Hermite’s differential
equations – Laguerre’s differential equations – series solutions – Dirac delta functions -
properties.
29
Books for study:
1. Quantum Mechanics by V. Devanathan, Narosa, Chennai, 2005.

2. Modern Physics by R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga, Sivaprasath S Chand & Co. (2007).
3. Quantum Mechanics by V K Thangappan, Wiley Eastern.
4. A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics by P M Mathews and Venkatesan, McGraw
Hill. Mathematical Physical by Sathya Prakash.
5. Mechanics and Mathematical Methods by Murugeshan, S Chand Publishing & Co.
1. Mathematical Physics by B D Gupta.
2. Quantum Mechanics by Ghatak and Loganathan, McMillan.
3. Basic Quantum Mechanics by A Ghatak, McMillan India (2002).

PAPER – 10
SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Unit - I
Crystallography: Distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids – Different features

of the crystal – Crystal lattice – Basis – Primitive and Unit cell – Number of lattice points
per unit cell - Seven Classes of Crystals - Bravais lattices – Miller indices – Elements of
Symmetry – Structure of KCl and NaCl crystal - Diamond Structure – Atomic Packing –
Atomic radius –-Lattice constant and density- Crystal structure (sc; hcp; fcc;bcc.)
Unit - II
Types of Bonding in Crystals - Ionic, Valence, Metallic, vanderwaal's and Hydrogen

Bonding – Optical properties of solids – Specific heat capacity of solids – Dulong and
Pettit’s law – Einstein's and Debye's theory – Explanation for the Occurrence of Super
Conductivity - General Properties of Superconductors - Types of Superconductors –
Meissner effect -Application of Superconductors.
Unit - III
Diffraction of x-Rays by Crystals - Bragg's Law In one Dimension - Experimental Method

in x- Ray Diffraction - Laue Method, Rotating Crystal Method - Powder Photograph
Method - von Laue's equations. Point Defects, Line Defects - Surface Defects - Volume
Defects - effects of Crystal Imperfections.
Unit - IV
Different Type of Magnetic materials - Classical Theory of Diamagnetism (Langevin's

Theory) - Langevin's Theory of Paramagnetism - Weiss Theory of Paramagnetism -
Qualitative Explanation of Heisenberg's Internal Field and Quantum Theory of
Ferromagnetism.
Unit - V
Fundamental Definitions in Dielectrics - Different types of Electric polarization -

Frequency and Temperature Effects on Polarization - Dielectric Loss - Local Field on
Internal Field Clausius-Mosotti Relation - Determination of Dielectric Constant Dielectric
Breakdown - Properties of Different Types of Insulating Materials.
Books for Study:
1. Solid State Physics Gupta and Kumar
2. Modern Physics R Murugesan
3. Material Science by M. Arumguarn, Anuradha Publishers.
4. Material Science and Engineering by V.Raghavan, PHI
5. Introduction to Solids by Azaroff, TMH.

6. Concepts of Modern Physics by Beiser, Tata Mc.Graw Hill, 5th Edition,1997.

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by Kittel, Wiley and Sons, 7th Edition.
2. Solid State Physics A J Dekker
CORE PRACTICAL – III
1. Bifilar Pendulum – Parallel Threads – Verification of Two Theorems.

2. Young’s modulus – Koenig’s method - non uniform bending.
3. Young’s modulus – Koenig’s method - uniform bending.
4. Newton’s rings – R1, R2 and – µ of material a convex lines.
5. Spectrometer i – I’ Curve.
6. Spectrometer – narrow angled prism – angle of deviation – normal incidence and normal
emergence – refractive index.
7. Dispersive power of a prism.
8. Dispersive power of a grating.
9. Spectrometer – Cauchy’s constants.
10. Lasers – Determination of Numerical aperture of a fiber
11. Lasers - diffraction at a straight wire – determination of thickness of the wire.

12. Field along the axis of circular coil – deflection magnetometer – M and BH – Null
Method.
13. Field along the axis of circular coil – Vibrating magnetic needle - BH.
14. EMF of a thermocouple – Mirror galvanometer – Direct deflection method.
15. Potentiometer – emf of a thermocouple.
16. Potentiometer – calibration of high range voltmeter.
17. Potentiometer – Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter.
18. Potentiometer – Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter.
19. BG – absolute capacitance of a capacitor.
20. BG – comparison mutual inductances.
21. BG – High resistance by leakage.
22. BG – internal resistance of a cell.
23. Hartley Oscillator.
24. Colpitt’s oscillator.
25. RC Coupled single stage amplifier (without feedback).
CORE PRACTICAL – IV
ELECTRONICS
1. FET – Characteristics.
2. UJT – Characteristics.
3. UJT – Relaxation oscillators.
4. Differentiating and integrating circuits – using op-amp.
5. NAND, NOR as universal gates.
6. Verification of De Morgan’s Theorems.
7. Transistor – Phase shift oscillator.
8. Transistor – Wien bridge oscillator.
9. Emitter Follower.
10. Op – Amp – Voltage follower, adder, subtractor, averager (inverting mode).
11. Op – Amp – Inverting amplifier with frequency gain response.
12. Half adder and Full adder – using NAND gate only.
13. Half subtractor and Full subtractor – using NAND gate only.
14. RS, Clocked RS, and D Flip Flops using NAND gate only.
15. Four bit ripple counter – 7473 / 7476.
16. Shift Register – Four bit left / right – 7473 / 7476.
17. Microprocessor – 8 bit addition, Subtraction – using BCD & Hexadecimal.
18. Number conversion – 8 bit – BCD to binary, Binary to BCD, Hex to ASCII using 8085.
19. Square and Square root of Hex numbers – 8 bit – using 8085.
20. Microprocessor – Sum of N elements
34
SKILL BASED SUBJECT
PAPER – 4
INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES
UNIT – I : ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION
AC bridges – Measurement of Inductance by Maxwell’s Inductance Bridge – Measurement

of Capacitance by De Sauty’s Bridge – Measurement of Mutual Inductance by carry Foster
bridge – ac differential voltmeter – dc differential voltmeter – Analog multimeter.
UNIT – II : ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
Analog to Digital converters – Dual slop ADC and Successive approximation ADC –
Digital counter (four bit) – Digital voltmeter – Digital Frequency Meter – Digital
Multimeter – Digital Thermometer.
UNIT – III : ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
CRO – measurement of time period and frequency – Distortion analyzer – Wave analyzer –
Spectrum analyzer – IR spectrometer – UV spectrometer – Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
analyzer – Ultrasound scanner.
UNIT – IV : BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Bioelectric potentials – resting and action potential – Half cell potential – surface needle
and micro electrodes – principle, description, function and recording of ECG, EMG and
EEG artificial pace maker – simulators – heart lung machine – kidney machine – pH meter
– laser blood flow meter.
Strain gauge and measurement of strain – Measurement of pressure using electrical

transducer – Measurement of seismic vibration using seismic transducer – Piezo – electric
accelerometer – Measurement of temperature using semiconductor device – Radiation
measurement by GM counter.
Books for study:
1. Arumugam M / Biomedical instrumention / Anuradha Publications, Kumbakonam /

2011.
2. Sawhney A K / A course in Electrical and Electronics Measuremens and

Instrumentation / Dhanpat Rai & Co., Delhi / 2003.
3. Alan S Morris / Measurement & Instrumentation Principles / Elsevier / 2006.
4. Anand M.M.S. / Electronics Instruments and Instrumentation Technology / PHI,

New Delhi / 2006.
ELECTIVE SUBJECTS
Students can choose any one of the groups (Elective I, II & III)
GROUP A
Elective 1: Digital Electronics

Elective 3: Microprocessor and its Applications – 8085
GROUP B
Elective 1: Materials Science
Elective 3: Laser and Fibre Optic Communication
GROUP C
Elective 1: Fundamentals of Nano Materials and its Characterization
Elective 3: Medical Physics
ELECTIVE
GROUP A
PAPER – 1
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
UNIT – I : DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS AND LOGIC GATES
Number systems – decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal system – Conversion from one
number system to another. Codes – BCD code – Excess 3 code, Gray code – ASCII code -
Binary arithmetic –Binary addition – subtraction – unsigned binary numbers – sign
magnitude numbers – 1’s and 2’s complement – Binary multiplications and division - AND,
OR circuits using diodes and transistors – NOT using transistors – NAND, NOR and EXOR
– functions and truth tables. NAND & NOR as universal gates.
UNIT – II : BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND SIMPLIFICATION OF LOGIC CIRCUITS
Laws and theorems of Boolean algebra – De Morgan’s theorems and their circuit
implications - Simplification of Boolean equations – Karnaugh map – pairs, quads, octets –
2,3 and 4 variables - Arithmetic building blocks – Half adder – Full adder – parallel binary
adder – Half subtractor – Full subtractor – The adder-subtractor – digital comparator –
parity checker / generator.
UNIT – III : DATA PROCESSING CIRCUITS AND SEQUENTIAL LOGICS
Multiplexers – Demultiplexers – Decoders – 1 of 16 decoder BCD to decimal decoder –

seven segment decoder – Encoders – Flip Flops – RS Flip Flop – Clocked RS Flip-flop – D
flip-flop – JK flip-flop – JK master slave flip-flop – T type flip-flop.
UNIT – IV : SHIFT REGISTERS AND COUNTERS
Types of registers – serial in serial out – serial in parallel out – parallel in serial out –
parallel in parallel out – ring counter – asynchronous counter – decoding gates – omitted
states – modulus counters –BCD counter – up down counter – synchronous counter –
combination counters – decade counter – cascaded counters.
UNIT – V : D/A AND A/D CONVERTERS
Introduction – variable resistor network – binary ladder – D/A converter – D/A accuracy
and resolution – A/D converter – simultaneous conversion – A/D accuracy and resolution.
Books for study:

1. Malvino and Leech, (2000), Digital Principles and Application, 4th Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. Millman and Halkias, (1972), Integrated Electronics, International Edition, McGraw

Hill, New Delhi.
3. Arul Thalapapathi, Fundamentals of digital computers, Comptek publishers,

Chennai, 1995.
1. Computer architecture and logic design by T C Bartee, McGraw Hill, 1991.2.
2. Solid state electronics by 1 Agarwal and Anit Agarwal.
3. Digital integrated electronics by Herbert Taub and Donald Schilling, McGraw Hill.
4. Anokh Singh and A K Chhabra, (2005), Fundamentals of Digital Electronics and

Microprocessors, 2nd revised and enlarged Ed., S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Digital fundamentals – Floyd – Pearson Education 8th Edition 2004 S Chand
Publications.
PAPER – 2
APPLIED ELECTRONICS
UNIT – I : SPECIAL DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS
FET – Characteristics – parameter FET as amplifier – FET as VVR – MOSFET – Depletion

and enhancement – UJT characteristics – UJT as relaxation oscillator – SCR characteristics
– SCR as half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier. SCR as static current switch – Firing of
SCR using UJT.
UNIT – II : OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AND APPLICATIONS
OPAMP – Parameters – Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier – gain – Miller effect –

Virtual ground – Offset voltage – offset current – PSRR – CMRR.
OPAMP – Sign and Scale changer – adder, subtractor and averager – Integrator and
differentiator – DC voltage follower – ac voltage follower –
UNIT – III : OTHER APPLICATION OF OPAMP
OP AMP logarithmic amplifier – antilogarthmic amplifier – Logarithmic multiplier –

Logarithmic divider. Comparator – Schmitt trigger – astable multivibrator – monostable
multivibrator – Bistable multivibrator.
UNIT – IV : 555 TIMER AND PLL
555 block diagram and work monostable operation – Astable operation – Schmitt
trigger. Phase – Locked Loops (PLL) : Basic principles – Phase Detector.
Comparator – Analog phase detector – Digital phase detector – voltage controlled oscillator
(VCO).
UNIT – V : D/ A AND A/D CONVERTER
Weighted resistor D/A converter – 4-bit R-2R ladder DAC – Analog to Digital converter –
Stair case ADC – tracking or servo ADC – Successive approximation ADC – Flash ADC
Duel slope ADC.
Books for Study:
1. Basic and Applied Electronics by M. Arul Thalapathi – Comtec Publisher

Chennai – 2005.
2. Digital principles and applications – Malvino Leach – 4th Edn. – Tata
McGraw Hill 1992.
3. Integrated Electronics by Jacob Millman and Christos C. Halkias – McGraw Hill
International 1971.
4. Linear Integrated Circuits by D. Roy Choudhury and Shail Jain – New age
international (P) Ltd. OP-AMPS and linear integrated circuits – by Ramakant A.
Gayakward – Printice Hall of India 1994.
1. Digital Computer electronics by Albert Paul Malvino – TMH Edition 1992.

2. Electronics – Analog and Digital – IJ Jagrath – Prentice – Hall of India – New Delhi
– 1999.
3. Operational amplifier and linear integrated circuits – Prentice Hall Inc. N.J. 1977.
PAPER - 3
MICROPROCESSOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS - 8085
UNIT – I : MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND ITS OPERATIONS
Microprocessors – Architecture of 8085 – pin out configurations of 8085 – Bus

organization and timings: buses – buffer – address bus, data bus, multiplexing address / data
bus and control & status signals – ALU – registers in 8085 – flags – decoding and execution
of instruction – Interrupts and its types.
UNIT – II : PROGRAMMING MODEL OF 8085
Classification of instructions and format – 8-bit data transfer, arithmetic, logical and branch
instructions – Addressing modes – 16 bit data transfer and memory related instructions –
stack and subroutine instructions – comparison of stack and subroutine instructions –
Logical rotate and compare instructions – RIM and SIM interrupt instructions – 8-bit code
conversion: Binary to BCD, BCD to binary, binary to ASCII, ASCII to binary.
UNIT – III : TIME DELAY, DESIGN OF COUNTERS AND MEMORY

INTERFACE
Counters – time delay using one and pair of registers – Instruction timings of 8085 – T-
states – delay routines and delay calculations.
Memory interface : 2K x 8, 4K x 6 ROM and RAM interface – timing diagram for memory
read and memory write cycles – instructions cycle, machine cycle.
UNIT – IV : INTERFACING I/O DEVICES
Interfacing concepts – peripheral I/O instructions – interfacing input and output using
decoders – interface of LED output display for binary data – Memory mapped I/O – LED
display of binary data – comparison of peripheral I/O and memory mapped I/O.
UNIT – V : INTERFACING DATA CONVERTERS AND PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Concepts of D/A and A/D converters and circuits – illustration of interfacing 8-bit D/A -
successive approximation A/D converters – interfacing of programmable peripheral device
8255 – Programming 8255A MODE zero – interfacing with ports of 8255 with LED’s to
run various counters.
Books for study:

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 – R.S.
Goankar, 3rd Edn. Prentice Hall.
2. Fundamental of Microprocessor – 8085 – Architecture, Programming and interfacing

– V. Vijyendra, S. Viswanathan, Pvt. Ltd., 2003.

1. Digital computer electronics: an introduction to microcomputers – Malvino, 2nd Edn.,
Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Fundamental of Microprocessor and Microcomputers – B. Ram.

3. Computer System Architecture – Moris Mano, 3rd Edn., Prentice Hall India.
4. Introduction to Microprocessors : Software, Hardware, Programming – Lance A.
Leventhal, Prentice Hall India.
ELECTIVE
GROUP B
PAPER – 1
MATERIALS SCIENCE
UNIT – I : MATERIALS SCIENCE
Classification of materials – Properties of Engineering materials – Materials Structure –

Types of Bonds – Bonds Formation – Ionic Bond – Covalent Bond – Metallic Bond –
Comparison of Bonds – Secondary Bonds.
UNIT – II : PHASE DIAGRAM AND TRANSFORMATION
Basic terms – Solid Solution – Hume – Rothery’s rule – Intermediate Phase – Phase
Diagrams – Gibb’s Phase Rule – Time – Temperature cooling curves – Construction of
Phase Diagrams – The Lever Rule – Equilibrium Binary System – Eutectic System –
Mechanism of Phase Transformation.
UNIT – III : VACUUM AND OXIDATION
History of vacuum technology – units of Vaccum – Kinetic aspects of Gases – Application

of Vaccum – Gas flow in vaccum systems – production of vaccum – Measurement of
vaccum – Thermal conductivity gauges – Penning Gauge – Oxidation – Oxidation Resistant
Materials.
UNIT – IV : NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT)
NDT and its advantages – Defects in materials – Selection of the NDT Method – Visual
Inspection – Basic Principle – Liquid Penetration Testing – Physical Principle – Magnetic
Particle Testing (MPT) – Principle of MPT – Sensitivity – Limitation – Eddy Current
Testing (ECT) – Principle – Instrument for ECT – Applications – Limitations –
Radiography – Basic Principle – Application – Limitations.
UNIT – V : ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Dielectrics – Polarization – Temperature and frequency effects – Electric Breakdown –

Ferroelectric materials – Electrostriction – Piezoelectricity – Uses of Dielectrics – Magnetic
Properties – Classification – Magnetostriction – Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials.
Books for study:
1. Materials Science by G.K.Narula, K.S. Narula, V.K. Gupta, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing, 1994.
2. Materials Science and Engineering by V. Raghavan, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
1. Practical Non-Destructive Testing by Baldevraj,T. Jayakumar, M. Thanvasimuthu,

Narosa Publishing House, Chennai, 2002.
2. Testing of Metallic Materials by A.V.K. Suryanarayana, B.S. Publications, Giriraj

lane, Sultan Bazar, Hyderabad – 95, 2003.
PAPER – 2
APPLIED ELECTRONICS
UNIT – I: SPECIAL DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS

SCR using UJT.
UNIT – II: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT – III: OTHER APPLICATION OF OPAMP

UNIT – IV: 555 TIMER AND PLL
555 block diagram and work mono stable operation – A stable operation – Schmitt
trigger. Phase – Locked Loops (PLL): Basic principles – Phase Detector.
(VCO).
UNIT – V: D/A AND A/D CONVERTER
Duel slope ADC.
Books for Study:
1. Basic and Applied Electronics by M. Arul Thalapathi – Comtec Publisher Chennai –

2005. Digital principles and applications – Malvino Leach – 4th Edn. – Tata McGraw
Hill 1992.
International 1971.
international (P) Ltd. OP-AMPS and linear integrated circuits – by Ramakant A.
Gayakward – Printice Hall of India 1994.
– 1999.
3. Operational amplifier and linear integrated circuits – Prentice Hall Inc. N.J.
1977.
PAPER – 3
LASER AND FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION
UNIT – I: LASER PHYSICS
Basic Principle of Laser – Einstein Coefficients – Condition for light amplification –

Population Inversion – Threshold Condition – Line Shape Function – Optical Resonators –
Three level and four level systems.
UNIT – II: TYPES OF LASERS AND OUTPUT MODULATION METHODS
Solid State Lasers – Ruby and Nd-YAG Laser – Gas Lasers – He-Ne and Co2 lasers –
semiconductor lasers – Hetero junction Lasers – Liquid Dye Lasers – Q switching and
mode locking.
UNIT – III: APPLICATIONS OF LASER
Application of laser in industry – cutting and welding – Drilling – Surface Hardening –

Medical applications – Laser as diagnostic and therapeutic tool – Holography – Theory of
recording and reconstruction – application of Holography.
UNIT – IV: OPTIC FIBERS
Fiber optic revolution – basic characteristics of optical fiber – acceptance angle – numerical
aperture – propagation of light through optical fiber – theory of mode formation –
classification of fibers – step index and graded index fibers – single mode and multi mode
fibers – losses in fibers – fabrication techniques of fibers.
UNIT – V: FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION
Source and detectors for fiber optic communication – Laser and LED – Analog and digital
modulation methods – Principle of optical detection – Pin APD photo detectors – Noise –
Design consideration of a fiber optic communication system.
56
Books for study:
1. Laser theory and applications by K. Thyagarajan and Ajoy Ghatak, Cambridge

University Press, 1999.
2. Introduction to Fiber optics by K. Thyagarajan and Ajoy Ghatak, Cambridge
University Press, 1999.
3. Optical Fiber Communications by John M. Senior, Cambridge University Press,
1996.
4. Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P. Agarwal, John-Willey & Sons,
1. An Introduction to laser : Theory and Applications by M. N. Avadhanulu, S. Chand

and Co., New Delhi 2001.
2. P.K. Palanisamy, Physics for Engineering, Scitech Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Chennai
57
ELECTIVE
GROUP C
PAPER – 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANO MATERIALS AND CHARACTERIZATION
UNIT – I : INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
Definition of Nanoscale system – Feymann theory of Nanotechnology – types of

nanotechnology – Molecular Nanotechnology – Molecular and atomic size – Surface and
dimensional space – opportunities at the Nanoscale.
Unit – 2: NANO PROPERTIES
Forces between atoms and molecules, particles and grain boundaries – Vander Waals and
electrostatic forces between surface – Nano and Mesopores – size dependent variation in
magnetic, electronic transport, resistivity, optical and etc – Misnomers and misconception
of Nanotechnology.
Unit – 3 : QUANTUM CONFINEMENT
Quantum confinement in one dimension – Quantum walls – Quantum confinement – In two

dimensions – Quantum wires – Quantum confinement in three dimensions – Quantum dots
– Super lattices band – Band offsets – Quantum dot layers.
Unit – 4: SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Basic approaches of synthesis nanomaterials – Bottom up and top down process –

fundamental of sol – gel process – Sol – Gel synthesis methods for oxides – Mechanical
milling – thermal evaporation – XRD with Debye Scherrer formula – SEM- TEM – FTIR –
UV.
Unit – 5: APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Implications of Drug delivery – Polymeric Nanoparticles as Drug carriers and controlled

release implant devices – Magnetic Data Storage – Magneto optics and magneto – optic
recording – Nano Sensors – Physical sensor and chemical sensors.
58
Books for Study & Reference:
1. Nanotechnology : Basic Science and Emergic Technologies – Mick Wilson, Kamli

Kannangara, Geoff smith , Michelle Simmons, Burkhard Raguse, overseas press (2005)
2. Nanotechnology : A Gentle introduction to the next big idea, Mark A. Rather, Daniel
Rather, Mark Rather, prentice Hall PTR; 1st edition (2002)
3. Robert W. Kel Sall, Mark Geoghenan, In W. Hamley, Nano Scale Science and
technology, John Wiley and sons, 2005 ISBN 0470850868.
4. Recent advances I the liquid phase synthesis of inorganic nanoparticals Brain L. Cushing,
Valdimir L. Kolesnichenko, Charles J. O* Connor, Chem Rev 104 (2004)3893- 3946.
5. Nano composite science and technology, Palical M. Ajayan, Linda S. Schadles, Paul V.
Braues, Wiley – VCH Verlag WEileim (2003).
6. ww.eng.vcedu/Ngbeaucag/calsses/XRD/Neutron_diffraction_atLNL.pdf
7. Nano particulates as Dring Carriers , Edited by Vladimir P. Torchilin, Imperiacal college

press, North Einstein university, USA (2006), ISBN 1 – 86094 – 630 – 5.
8. Magnetic materials: Fundamental and device applications Nichola. Ann spaldin,

Cambridge University press (2003) ISBN 0521016584.
59
PAPER – 2
APPLIED ELECTRONICS
UNIT – I : SPECIAL DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS

SCR using UJT.
UNIT – II: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT – III: OTHER APPLICATION OF OPAMP

UNIT – IV: 555 TIMER AND PLL
555 block diagram and work monostable operation – Astable operation – Schmitt
trigger. Phase – Locked Loops (PLL) : Basic principles – Phase Detector.
(VCO).
UNIT – V: D/A AND A/D CONVERTER
Duel slope ADC.
60
Books for Study:
1. Basic and Applied Electronics by M. Arul Thalapathi – Comtec Publisher Chennai –

2005. Digital principles and applications – Malvino Leach – 4th Edn. – Tata McGraw
Hill 1992.
International 1971.
international (P) Ltd.
4. OP-AMPS and linear integrated circuits – by Ramakant A. Gayakward – Printice
Hall of India 1994.

– 1999.
3. Operational amplifier and linear integrated circuits – Prentice Hall Inc. N.J. 1977.
61
PAPER – 3
MEDICAL PHYSICS
UNIT – I: X – RAYS
Electromagnetic spectrum – production of x- rays – s-rys spectra – Brehmsstrahlung –

Characteristic x-ray – X-ray tubes – Coolidge tube – x-ray tube design – tube cooling –
stationary mode – Retting anode x-ray tubes – Tube rating – quality and intensity of x-ray.
X-ray generator circuits – half wave and full wave fectification.
UNIT – II: RADIATION PHYSICS
Radiation units – exposure – absorbed dose – rad gray – kera relative biological effectivenss
– effective dose – slevert - inverse square law – Interaction of radiation with matter – linear
attenuation coefficient. Radiation Detectors.
UNIT – III: MEDICAL IMAGING PHYSICS
Radiological imaging – Radiography – Filters – grids – cassette – X-ray film – film

processing – fluoroscopy – computed tomography scanner –principle function display –
generations – mammography. Ultrasound imaging – magnetic resonance imaging – thyroid
uptake system – Gamma camera [Only Principle, function and display]
UNIT – IV: RADIATION THERAPHY PHYSICS
Radio theraphy – kilo voltage machines – deep theraphy machines – tele-cobalt machines –
Medical linear accelerator. Basic of Teletherapy units – deep x-ray, telecobalt units, medical
linear accelerator – radiation protection – external beam characteristics – phantom –does
maximm and build up – bolus – percentage depth dose – tissue – air ration – back scatter
factor.
UNIT – V: RADIATION PROTECTION
Principles of radiation protection – protective materials – radiation effects – somatic,

genetic stochastic and deterministic effect, Personal monitoring devices – TLD film badge –
pocket dosimeter.
62
Book for Study:
1. Basic Radiological Physics Dr. K. Thayalan – Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishing Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi (2003)
2. Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology : Curry, Dowdey and Murrey – Lippincot

Williams and Wilkins (1990)
3. Physics of Radiation Theraphy : FM Khan – Williamd and Wilkins, Third edition (2003)
4. The essential physics of Medical imaging : Bushberg, Seibert, leidholdt and Boone
Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Second Edition (2002)
5. HE Johns and Cunningham – The Physics of Radiology.
Books for Refernece :
1. Nuclear medicine Physics : Chandra – Lippincot Willams and Wilkins (1998)
2. The Physics of radiology : John R. Gunni ingham and Johns – Charles C Thomas USA
(19190)
3. Medical Imaging Physics : William R Hendee – Mosby , 3rd edition (1992)
4. Advanced Medical Radiation Dosimetry : Govindarajan KN Prentice – Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi (1992)
5. Erric Hall Radio Biology for the Radiologist – Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
6. The modern Technology of Radiation oncology – Jake VanDyk – Medical Physics

Publishing.
63
ALLIED
PHYSICS - I
UNIT – I: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Elasticity : Hooke’s Law – Elastic Constants – bending of beam – Bending moment –

Cantilever Depression at the loaded end of a cantilever – determination of Young’s modulus
by non-uniform bending.
Torsion : Torsion couple – Potential energy in a twisted wire – Torsional pendulum – Time
period – Determination of rigidity modulus by Torsional oscillation (without masses).
Viscosity: Viscosity of a liquid – Viscous force – Co-efficient of viscosity of a liquid –

Poiseuille’s formula .
Surface Tension: Surface Tension – Surface Tension and interfacial surface tension by the
method of drops.
UNIT – II: HEAT
Heat: Specific heat – Newton’s law of cooling – determination of specific heat of a liquid
using Newton’s law of cooling – Emissivity and Emissive Power.
Low Temperature: J.K. Effect – Positive Effect – Negative Effect – Temperature of
Inversion – Super conductors. Type I and II – Meisner Effect – Helium I and II.
UNIT – III: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Electricity: Potentiometer – Principle – Calibration of low range voltmeter – Measurement

of internal resistance of cell – measurement of an unknown resistance.
Magnetism – Moment and pole strength of a magnet – Deflection magnetometer – Tan C

position – Vibration magnetometer – Theory – Period of Oscillation – Determination of M
and BH using the deflection magnetometer in Tan C position and the vibration
magnetometer.
UNIT – IV: SOUND AND ACOUSTICS OF BUILDING
Sound: Transverse vibration of strings – Velocity and frequency of vibrations of a stretched

string – laws – sonometer – A.C. Frequency – Steel Wire – Brass wire.
Ultrasonics – Production by Piezo – electric method – properties and uses.

Acoustics of buildings: Reverberation – Reverberation time – Sabine’s formula (definition
only) – Sound absorption co-efficient of surface – conditions for the perfect acoustics.
64
UNIT – V: OPTICS
Interference: Air Wedge – Description – Test for optical flatness of glass plate –
Determination of diameter of a thin wire by air wedge.
Diffraction: Theory of transmission grating – Normal Incidence – Determination of

Wavelength of monochromatic source and Wavelength of mercury line using a grating by
normal Incidence.
Fibre optics: principle-classification of optical fibres-fibre optic communication system

block diagram.
Books for Study & Reference
1. Allied Physics – R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co. First Edition (2005).

2. Allied Physics – Dr. K. Thangaraj, Dr. D. Jayaraman Popular Book Department,
Chennai.
3. Allied Physics – Prof. Dhanalakshmi and others.
4. Elements of Properties of Matter – D.S. Mathur, S. Chand & Co. (1999).
5. Heat and Thermodynamics – N. Brijlal and Subramaniam S. Chand & Co.
6. A text book of Sound – by M. Narayanamoorthy and other National Publishing
Companies (1986).
7. Modern Physics – R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co. (2004).
8. Introduction to Fibre optics- K.Thyagarajan and Ajay Ghatak,Cambridge,University
Press(1999).
65
ALLIED
PHYSICS II
UNIT – I: WAVE MECHANICS
Wave Mechanics – De Broglie Waves – Dual Nature – Experimental Study of Matter

Waves – Davission and Germer’s Experiment – G.P. Thomson’s Experiment _
Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle – The position and moment of a particle.
UNIT – II : NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Particle accelerators – cyclotron, particle detectors – GM Counter Artificial Transmutation

– Rutherford’s Experiment – The Q value equation for nuclear reaction – Threshold energy
– Nuclear Reactions.
Conservation Laws: Conservation of Charge – Conservation of Nucleons – Conservation of

Mass – Energy – Conservation of Parity – Quantities conserved and quantities not
conserved in a nuclear reaction.
UNIT – III : ENERGY PHYSICS
Sources of conventional energy – Need for non-conventional energy resources – solar

energy utilization – solar water heater – solar drier – conversion of light into electrical
energy – solar cell – merits and demerits of solar energy – wind energy – its conversion
systems – energy from Bio mass – Bio gas generation – Industrial and space application.
UNIT – IV: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Crystallography : The crystal structure – Unit Cell –Bravais lattice- structures of simple
cubic-BCC and FCC- co ordination number, packing factor calculation for the above
structures –Hexogonal closed packed(HCP) structure -Miller indices – concept of
Reciprocal Vectors.
UNIT – V: ELECTRONICS
Electronics: Transistor characteristics in common base and common emitter mode-

Transistor single stage amplifier- Expression for input impedence, output impedence and
current gain.
Digital Electronics : NAND and NOR as universal building blocks- De Morgan’s theorem
–statement and proof- Fabrication of diodes and transistors using Monolithic technology–
limitations.
66
Books for Study & Reference
1. Allied Physics – R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co. First Edition (2005).

2. Allied Physics – Dr. K. Thangaraj, Dr. D. Jayaraman Popular Book Department,
Chennai.
3. Allied Physics – Prof. Dhanalakshmi and others.
4. Elements of Properties of Matter – D.S. Mathur, S. Chand & Co. (1999).
5. Heat and Thermodynamics – N. Brijlal and Subramaniam S. Chand & Co.
6. A text book of Sound – by M. Narayanamoorthy and other National Publishing
Companies (1986).
7. Modern Physics – R. Murugesan S. Chand & Co. (2004).
8. Electronic Principles and Applications – A.B. Bhattacharya, New Central Book Agency,
Calcutta.
9. Introduction to Solid State Physics – C. Kittel, 5th Edition Wiley Eastern Ltd.
10. Renewable & Sustainable energy sources – Agarwal.
67
ALLIED PRACTICAL
PHYSICS
1. Young’s modulus – non uniform bending – pin and microscope.

2. Rigidity modulus – Static Torsion Method Using Scale and Telescope.
3. Ridigity modulus – Torsional oscillation method (without symmetric masses).
4. Determination of Co-efficient of Viscosity – Graduated Burette.
5. Surface Tension and Interfacial Tension – By drop weight method.
6. Specific Heat Capacity of a liquid – by Newton’s Law of Cooling.
7. Sonometer – Determining A.C. Frequency. (Screw Gauge is given).
8. Sonometer – frequency of tuning fork.
9. Newton’s Rings – Radius of Curvature.
10. Air Wedge – Determination of thickness of thin wire.
11. Spectrometer Grating – Minimum Deviation – Mercury Lines.
12. Spectrometer – Refractive Index of a liquid – Hollow Prism.
13. Potentiometer – Calibration of High Range Ammeter.
14. Potentiometer – Calibration of Low Range Voltmeter.
15. Determination of M and BH using Deflection Magnetometer in Tan C position and
vibration magnetometer.
16. Figure of merit and voltage sensitiveness of table galvanometer.
17. Construction of AND, OR gates using diodes and NOT by transistors.
18. Zener diode – Voltage Regulation.
19. NAND / NOR as universal gate.
20. Demorgan’s theorem verification.
********
68

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THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY

(With effect from 2017 – 2018)

The Course of Study and the Scheme of Examinations

SEMESTER I CIA Uni. Exam Total

SEMESTER II CIA Uni. Exam Total

12 III Allied-1 Paper-2 4 4 Chemistry II or Biochemistry II 25 75 100

SEMESTER III CIA Uni. Exam Total

SEMESTER IV CIA Uni. Exam Total

30 22 125 375 500

Elective 1: Digital Electronics

PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS

UNIT – II: BENDING OF BEAMS

Bending of beams – Expression for bending moment – Cantilever – Expression for

UNIT – III : FLUIDS

Surface Tension: Synclastic and anticlastic surface – Excess of pressure – Application to

Viscosity : Viscosity – Rate flow of liquid in a capillary tube – Poiseuille’s formula –

UNIT – IV : WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS

Books for reference:

1. Elements of Properties of Matter by Mathur D S, Shymlal Charitable Trust, New

1.3 Ores of Titanium and Cobalt - Extraction of Titanium and Cobalt.

2.3Stereoisomerism – Types - Cause of Optical Activity – Enantiomers - Diastereomers -

3.2 Catalysis - Catalyst - Autocatalyst - Enzyme catalyst - Promoters - Catalytic poisons –

3.3 Photochemistry – Grothus-Draper’s law – Stark-Einstein’s law - Quantum yield –

4.3 Osmosis - Osmotic pressure - Reverse osmosis – Definition - Desalination of Sea

5.2 Crude Oil - Petroleum - Petroleum Refining - Cracking - Applications of Cracking –

5.3 Conductors, Insulators, Semiconductors, N- and P- Type Semiconductors –

THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

UNIT – I : TRANSMISSION OF HEAT

Conduction in solids : Thermal conduction – thermal conductivity of a good conductor –

Black body radiation : Stefan – Boltzmann law – determination of Stefan’s constant –

UNIT – II: LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS

Joule – Kelvin effect – liquefaction of hydrogen – liquefaction of helium – Kammerling –

UNIT – III: THERMODYNAMICS I

Thermodynamics Potentials – Zeroth law, First and Second law of thermodynamics –

UNIT - IV: THERMODYNAMICS II

First latent heat equation (Clausius-Clapeyron equation) – effect of pressure on melting

UNIT – V: STATISTICAL PHYSICS

1. Heat and thermodynamics – Brijlal and Subramaniyam, S Chand & Co.

Books for Reference:

1. Heat and thermodynamics – D S Mathur, S Chand & Co., New Delhi

1. Youngs modulus – non uniform bending – pin and microscope.

UNIT-II: Metabolic Disorders

Diabetes mellitus, Glycogen storage diseases, Glycosuria, Ketosis, Jaundice, Phenyl

Definition, classification of enzymes with one example. Mechanism of enzyme action -

UNIT-IV: Molecular Biology

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

UNIT – II : CURRENT ELECTRICITY & TRANSIENT CURRENT

Carey Foster bridge – theory – determination of temperature coefficient of resistance –

UNIT – III : THERMO ELECTRICITY

UNIT – IV : ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION

Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction in vector form – Lenz’z law - determination of

3. Duggal and Chhabra, Electricity and Magnetism.

4. Brijlal, N Subramanyan and Jivan Seshan, Mechanics and Electrodynamics [2005],

Books for reference:

1. Sehgal D L, Chopra K L, Sehgal N K – Electricity and Magnetism, Sultan Chand

2. David J Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 2nd Edn. 1997, Prentice Hall of

UNIT-II : THEORY OF EQUATIONS