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NATIONAL ANNEX NA to BS EN
1991-1-1:2002

UK National Annex to
Eurocode 1: Actions on
structures —
Part 1-1: General actions — Densities,
self-weight, imposed loads for buildings
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ICS 91.010.30

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NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this National Annex was entrusted by Technical Committee

B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/1,
Actions (loadings) and basis of design, upon which the following bodies were
represented:

Association of Consulting Engineers

British Constructional Steelwork Association
British Masonry Society
Building Research Establishment
Concrete Society
Health and Safety Executive
Highways Agency
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
National House Building Council
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
Steel Construction Institute
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This National Annex was

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and Summary of pages
Strategy Committee
on 30 December 2005 This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page i, a blank
page, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover.
© BSI 30 December 2005 The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
First edition December 2005

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
National Annex:
Committee reference B/525/1
Draft for comment 03/700514

ISBN 0 580 47335 X

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NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002

Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Introduction 1
NA.1 Scope 1
NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters 1
NA.3 Decisions on the status of informative annexes 10
NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information 10
Bibliography 11
Table NA.1 — Characteristic values of self-weight — UK guidance on
additional provisions for bridges 3
Table NA.2 — Categories for residential, social, commercial and
administration areas including additional sub-categories for the UK 4
Table NA.3 — Imposed loads on floors, balconies and stairs in buildings 6
Table NA.4 — Categories for storage and industrial areas including
additional sub-categories for the UK 7
Table NA.5 — Imposed floor loads due to storage 7
Table NA.6 — Imposed loads on garages and vehicle traffic areas 8
Table NA.7 — Imposed loads on roofs not accessible except for normal
maintenance and repair 8
Table NA.8 — Horizontal loads on partition walls and parapets 9
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blank
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NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002

National Annex (informative) to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Eurocode 1: Actions on

structures — Part 1-1: General actions — Densities, self-weight, imposed loads
for buildings
Introduction
This National Annex has been prepared by BSI Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions (loadings) and basis of
design. In the UK it is to be used in conjunction with BS EN 1991-1-1:2002.

NA.1 Scope
This National Annex gives:
a) the UK decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters described in the following subclauses of
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002:
— 2.2 (3)
— 5.2.3 (1) to 5.2.3 (5)
— 6.3.1.1 (Table 6.1)
— 6.3.1.2 (1)P (Table 6.2)
— 6.3.1.2 (10)
— 6.3.1.2 (11)
— 6.3.2.2 (1)P (Table 6.4)
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— 6.3.3.2 (1) (Table 6.8)

— 6.3.4.2 (Table 6.10)
— 6.4 (1) (Table 6.12)
b) the UK decisions on the status of BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 informative annexes; and
c) references to non-contradictory complementary information for the following subclauses of
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002:
— 6.3.2.2
— 6.3.4.2 (1)

NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters

NA.2.1 Dynamically susceptible structures [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 2.2(3)]
NA.2.1.1 General
The procedure to be used for structures that are susceptible to dynamic excitation is outlined
in NA.2.1.2, NA.2.1.3 and NA.2.1.4 for particular cases of dynamic loading conditions and structural types.
In such cases, the design should take account of the load-structure interaction and dynamic characteristics
of the structure, e.g. natural frequency, mass, damping and mode shapes. Furthermore, for structural
design with oscillation or vibration as a serviceability criterion, separate consideration of their influence is
necessary, e.g. on the operation of equipment in the building and/or on the comfort of the users and
occupiers of the building.
In certain cases, e.g. structures intended primarily for providing spectator facilities, the relevant certifying
authority may refer to specific guidance documents that are considered appropriate and sufficient for
compliance with their requirements.
NA.2.1.2 Synchronized rhythmical movements
Structures with elements subject to dancing and jumping are liable to inadvertent or deliberate
synchronized movement of occupants, sometimes accompanied by music with a strong beat, such as occurs
at pop concerts and aerobics events. These activities generate dynamic effects that can result in enhanced
vertical and horizontal loads. If a natural frequency of a structure matches the frequency of the
synchronized movement, or an integer multiple of it, then resonance can occur that greatly amplifies the
dynamic response.

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NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002

The following three alternative procedures are recommended for such design situations.
a) In addition to design using the dead and static imposed loads given for category C4 uses in Table NA.3,
resonance of the structure should be avoided by limiting its natural frequencies so that the vertical
frequency is greater than 8,4 Hz and the horizontal frequency is greater than 4,0 Hz. These frequencies
should be evaluated for the appropriate mode of vibration of an empty structure.
b) Structural elements subject to dancing and jumping should be designed to resist the anticipated
dynamic loading. The deformation should not exceed limits appropriate to the structure type. Detailed
design should be carried out accounting for dynamic response of the structure and a range of load
frequencies and types, and with the help of specialist advice and specialist guidance documents,
e.g. BRE Digest 426, The response of structures to dynamic crowd loads [1].
c) Specific guidance, as required by the certifying authority for the type of structure under consideration,
should be used.
NA.2.1.3 Dynamic loads from machinery
Dynamic effects caused by the operation of machinery depend on the type of machinery and the structural
form. Designers should seek specialist guidance and consider dynamic loads and potential resonant
excitation of such structures. Guidance on actions induced by cranes and machinery is given in
BS EN 1991-31).
NA.2.1.4 Lightweight structures and long-span structures
Where these structures are used as concourses and public spaces, they are likely to be subject to
inadvertent or deliberate synchronized movement by people, causing dynamic excitation. The design
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provisions should take account of the nature and intended use of the structure, the potential number of
people and their possible behaviour. Structural design should be carried out with the help of specialist
advice and specialist guidance documents.
NA.2.2 Characteristic values of self-weight — Additional provisions specific to bridges
[BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 5.2.3]
Additional provisions for bridges are given in BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 5.2.3. The UK guidance on these
provisions is given in Table NA.1.
NA.2.3 Categories for residential, social, commercial and administration areas
[BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.1.1]
The categories for residential, social, commercial and administration areas are given in
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.1. These categories have been expanded in Table NA.2 to include additional
sub-categories for the UK.
NA.2.4 Imposed loads on floors, balconies and stairs in buildings
[BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.1.2 (1)P]
Values for minimum imposed loads on floors, balconies and stairs in buildings should be taken from
Table NA.3 (as a replacement for BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.2) for the categories of residential, social,
commercial and administration areas described in Table NA.2.
NA.2.5 Reduction factor for imposed loads for floors and accessible roofs
[BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.1.2 (10)]
The reduction factor µA should be determined using Equation (NA.1) instead of
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Equation (6.1):

µA = 1,0 – A/1 000 U 0,75 (NA.1)

where

A is the area (m2) supported.

NOTE Loads that have been specifically determined from knowledge of the proposed use of the structure do not qualify for reduction.

1)
In preparation.

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NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002

Table NA.1 — Characteristic values of self-weight — UK guidance on additional

provisions for bridges
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 Nationally Determined Parameter
subclause

5.2.3 (1) Self-weight of fill should be defined for the individual project depending on the
estimated change with time due to consolidation, saturation, etc. and considering
local conditions, type of soil, ground water variation and degree of consolidation.
For ballast on railway bridges, unless otherwise specified by the competent
authority, the upper characteristic value of the density of ballast should be taken as
21 kN/m3. This allows for dirty waterlogged ballast.
For ballast on railway bridges, unless otherwise specified for the individual project,
the lower characteristic value of the density of ballast should be taken as 17 kN/m3.
This value allows for dry clean ballast and should be used especially when a
dynamic analysis of the bridge is required by BS EN 1991-2 and a lower bound
estimate of the mass of the bridge is being considered.
5.2.3 (2) For determining the load effects on railway bridges, the nominal depth of ballast
should be taken as 300 mm measured from the underside of the sleepers at the
lowest rail to the top of the bridge deck unless the bridge carries a greater depth of
ballast. In the latter case, the actual depth of ballast should be taken.
In determining the upper and lower characteristic values of depth of ballast, the
deviation of ±30 % should be applied only to the top 300 mm depth of ballast
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measured from the underside of the sleepers.

5.2.3 (3) The deviation of the total thickness of waterproofing, surfacing and other coatings
for bridges from the nominal value, or other specified values, should be ±40 % if a
post-execution coating is included in the nominal value and between 55 % and –40 %
if not.
5.2.3 (4) Deviation from the mean value of self-weight should be ±20 %.
5.2.3 (5) The characteristic values of self-weight of other non-structural elements should be
taken to equal the nominal values.

NA.2.6 Reduction factors for imposed loads from several storeys

[BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.1.2 (11)]
The reduction factor µn should be determined using Equation (NA.2) instead of
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Equation (6.2):
µn = 1,1 – n/10 for 1 k n k 5
µn = 0,6 for 5 < n k10 (NA.2)
µn = 0,5 for n > 10

where
n is the number of storeys with loads qualifying for reduction (see Note).
Load reductions based on area in NA.2.5 may be applied if µA < µn. However, the reductions given by
Equation (NA.1) cannot be used in combination with those determined from Equation (NA.2).
NOTE Loads that have been specifically determined from knowledge of the proposed use of the structure do not qualify for reduction.

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4
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Table NA.2 — Categories for residential, social, commercial (c) BSI areas including additional sub-categories
and administration

NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
for the UK
Category of Specific use Sub-category Example
loaded area

A Areas for A1 All usages within self-contained dwelling units (a unit occupied by a single family or a modular
domestic and student accommodation unit with a secure door and comprising not more than six single bedrooms
residential and an internal corridor)
activities Communal areas (including kitchens) in blocks of flats with limited use (see Note 1). For communal
areas in other blocks of flats, see A5, A6 and C3
A2 Bedrooms and dormitories except those in self-contained single family dwelling units and in hotels
and motels
A3 Bedrooms in hotels and motels; hospital wards; toilet areas
A4 Billiard/snooker rooms
A5 Balconies in single family dwelling units and communal areas in blocks of flats with limited use
(see Note 1)
A6 Balconies in hostels, guest houses, residential clubs and communal areas in blocks of flats except
those covered by Note 1
A7 Balconies in hotels and motels
B Office areas B1 General use other than in B2
B2 At or below ground floor level
C Areas where C1 Areas with tables
people may
C11 Public, institutional and communal dining rooms and lounges, cafes and restaurants (see Note 2)
congregate
(with the C12 Reading rooms with no book storage
exception of C13 Classrooms
areas defined
under C2 Areas with fixed seats
category A, B C21 Assembly areas with fixed seating (see Note 3)
and D)
C22 Places of worship
© BSI 30 December 2005

C3 Areas without obstacles for moving people

C31 Corridors, hallways, aisles in institutional type buildings not subjected to crowds or wheeled
vehicles, hostels, guest houses, residential clubs, and communal areas in blocks of flats not covered
by Note 1
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Table NA.2 — Categories for residential, social, commercial and administration areas including additional sub-categories
© BSI 30 December 2005

for the UK (continued)

Category of Specific use Sub-category Example
loaded area

C32 Stairs, landings in institutional type buildings not subjected to crowds or wheeled vehicles, hostels,
guest houses, residential clubs, and communal areas in blocks of flats not covered by Note 1
C33 Corridors, hallways, aisles in all buildings not covered by C31 and C32, including hotels and motels
and institutional buildings subjected to crowds
C34 Corridors, hallways, aisles in all buildings not covered by C31 and C32, including hotels and motels
and institutional buildings subjected to wheeled vehicles, including trolleys
C35 Stairs, landings in all buildings not covered by C31 and C32, including hotels and motels and
institutional buildings subjected to crowds
C36 Walkways — Light duty (access suitable for one person, walkway width approx 600 mm)
C37 Walkways — General duty (regular two-way pedestrian traffic)
C38 Walkways — Heavy duty (high density pedestrian traffic including escape routes)
C39 Museum floors and art galleries for exhibition purposes
C4 Areas with possible physical activities
C41 Dance halls and studios, gymnasia, stages (see Note 5)
C42 Drill halls and drill rooms (see Note 5)
C5 Areas susceptible to large crowds
C51 Assembly areas without fixed seating, concert halls, bars and places of worship (see Note 4 and
Note 5)
C52 Stages in public assembly areas (see Note 5)

NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
D Shopping D1 Areas in general retail shops
areas
D2 Areas in department stores
NOTE 1 Communal areas in blocks of flats with limited use are blocks of flats not more than three storeys in height and with not more than four self-contained dwelling units per
floor accessible from one staircase.
NOTE 2 Where the areas described by C11 might be subjected to loads due to physical activities or overcrowding, e.g. a hotel dining room used as a dance floor, imposed loads
should be based on C4 or C5 as appropriate. Reference should also be made to Note 5.
NOTE 3 Fixed seating is seating where its removal and the use of the space for other purposes is improbable.
NOTE 4 For grandstands and stadia, reference should be made to the requirements of the appropriate certifying authority.
NOTE 5 For structures that might be susceptible to resonance effects, reference should be made to NA.2.1.
5
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NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002

Table NA.3 — Imposed loads on floors, balconies and stairs in buildings

Category of loaded area qk Qk
kN/m2 kN

Category A A1 1,5 2,0

A2 1,5 2,0
A3 2,0 2,0
A4 2,0 2,7
A5 2,5 2,0
A6 Same as the rooms to which they give access but 2,0 (concentrated at the
with a minimum of 3,0 outer edge)
A7 Same as the rooms to which they give access but 2,0 (concentrated at the
with a minimum of 4,0 outer edge)
Category B B1 2,5 2,7
B2 3,0 2,7
Category C C11 2,0 3,0
C12 2,5 4,0
C13 3,0 3,0
C21 4,0 3,6
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C22 3,0 2,7

C31 3,0 4,5
C32 3,0 4,0
C33 4,0 4,5
C34 5,0 4,5
C35 4,0 4,0
C36 3,0 2,0
C37 5,0 3,6
C38 7,5 4,5
C39 4,0 4,5
C41 5,0 3,6
C42 5,0 7,0
C51 5,0 3,6
C52 7,5 4,5
Category D D1/D2 4,0 3,6

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NA.2.7 Categories for storage and industrial areas [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.2.1 (1)P]
The categories for storage and industrial areas are given in BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.3. These
categories have been expanded in Table NA.4 to include additional sub-categories for the UK.

Table NA.4 — Categories for storage and industrial areas including additional sub-categories
for the UK
Category of Specific use Sub-category Examples
loaded area

E1 Areas E11 General areas for static equipment not specified elsewhere
susceptible to (institutional and public buildings)
accumulation E12 Reading rooms with book storage, e.g. libraries
of goods,
including E13 General storage other than those specified (see Note)
access areas E14 File rooms, filing and storage space (offices)
E15 Stack rooms (books)
E16 Paper storage for printing plants and stationery stores
E17 Dense mobile stacking (books) on mobile trolleys, in public and
institutional buildings
E18 Dense mobile stacking (books) on mobile trucks, in warehouses
E19 Cold storage
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E2 Industrial use — See PD 6688 for imposed loads on floors for areas of industrial
use

NA.2.8 Imposed loads on floors due to storage [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.2.2 (1)P]
Values for imposed loads on floors due to storage should be taken from Table NA.5 (as a replacement for
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.4) for the sub-categories of E1 described in Table NA.4.

Table NA.5 — Imposed floor loads due to storage

Category of loaded qk Qk
area
kN/m 2 kN

E11 2,0 1,8

E12 4,0 4,5
E13 2,4 per metre of storage height 7,0
E14 5,0 4,5
E15 2,4 per metre of storage height but with a minimum of 6,5 7,0
E16 4,0 per metre of storage height 9,0
E17 4,8 per metre of storage height but with a minimum of 9,6 7,0
E18 4,8 per metre of storage height but with a minimum of 15,0 7,0
E19 5,0 per metre of storage height but with a minimum of 15,0 9,0
NOTE E13 is a general category, however, designers are encouraged to liaise with clients to determine more specific load values
than the lower bound value given in this table.

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NA.2.9 Imposed loads on garages and vehicle traffic areas [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.3.2 (1)]
Values for imposed loads on garages and vehicle traffic areas should be taken from Table NA.6 (as a
replacement for BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.8) for categories F and G described in
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.7.

Table NA.6 — Imposed loads on garages and vehicle traffic areas

Categories of traffic areas qk Qk
kN/m 2 kN

Category F 2,5 10,0

(gross vehicle weight k 30 kN)
Category G 5,0 To be determined for specific use
(30 kN < gross vehicle weight k160 kN)
NOTE qk and Qk should not be applied simultaneously.

NA.2.10 Imposed loads on roofs [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.4.2]

Values for imposed loads on roofs not accessible except for normal maintenance and repair should be taken
from Table NA.7 (as a replacement for BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.10) for category H described in
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.9.
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Table NA.7 — Imposed loads on roofs not accessible except for normal maintenance and repair
Roof slope, µ qk Qk
degrees kN/m2 kN

µ < 30º 0,6 0,9

30 º k µ < 60º 0,6[(60 – µ)/30]
µ U 60º 0
NOTE 1 All roof slopes µ are measured from the horizontal and all loads should be applied vertically.
NOTE 2 In evaluating Table NA.7 for curved roofs the roofs should be divided into not less than five equal segments and the mean
slope of each segment considered to be equivalent to the roof slope, µ.
NOTE 3 BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Note 3 to Table 6.10 states that qk may be assumed to act on an area A. It is recommended that the
value of A should be the whole area of the roof.

NA.2.11 Horizontal loads on parapets and partition walls acting as barriers

[BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.4 (1)]
Values for horizontal loads on parapets and partition walls acting as barriers should be taken from
Table NA.8 (as a replacement for BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Table 6.12) for the categories of loaded areas
described in BS EN 1991-1-1:2002.

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Table NA.8 — Horizontal loads on partition walls and parapets

© BSI 30 December 2005

Category of loaded area Sub-category Examples qk

kN/m

A (including (i) All areas within or serving exclusively one dwelling including stairs, landings 0,36
sub-categories in etc. but excluding external balconies and edges of roofs [see (vii)]
Table NA.2) (ii) Residential areas not covered by (i) 0,74
B and C1 (including (iii) Areas not susceptible to overcrowding in office and institutional buildings, 0,74
sub-categories in reading rooms and classrooms including stairs
Table NA.2) (iv) Restaurants and cafes 1,5
C2, C3, C4 and D (v) Areas having fixed seating within 530 mm of the barrier, balustrade or 1,5
(including sub-categories parapet
in Table NA.2)a (vi) Stairs, landings, balustrades, corridors and ramps 0,74
(vii) External balconies and edges of roofs 0,74
Footways within building curtilage and adjacent to basement/sunken areas
(viii) All retail areas 1,5
C5 (including (ix) Footways or pavements less than 3 m wide adjacent to sunken areas 1,5
sub-categories in (x) Theatres, cinemas, discotheques, bars, auditoria, shopping malls, assembly 3,0
Table NA.2) areas, studios
Footways or pavements greater than 3 m wide adjacent to sunken areas
(xi) Grandstands and stadia See requirements of
the appropriate
certifying authority
E (including (xii) Industrial; and storage buildings except as given by (xiii) and (xiv) 0,74
sub-categories in (xiii) Light pedestrian traffic routes in industrial and storage buildings except 0,36

NA to BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
Table NA.4) designated escape routes
(xiv) Light access stairs and gangways not more than 600 mm wide 0,22
F and G (xv) Pedestrian areas in car parks including stairs, landings, ramps, edges or 1,5
internal floors, footways, edges of roofs
(xvi) Horizontal loads imposed by vehicles See
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002,
Annex B
a
For areas where large crowds might occur, see C5.
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NA.3 Decisions on the status of informative annexes

NA.3.1 Tables for nominal density of construction materials and nominal density and angles of
repose for stored materials [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Annex A]
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Annex A may be used.
NA.3.2 Vehicle barriers and parapets for car parks [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Annex B]
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, Annex B should be used.

NA.4 References to non-contradictory complementary information

NA.4.1 Imposed loads on industrial areas [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.2.2]
BS EN 1991-1-1 does not specify values for imposed loads on floors for areas of industrial use (i.e.
category E2 from Table NA.4).
However, BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.1 (4) does state that loads for heavy equipment (e.g. in communal
kitchens, radiology rooms and boiler rooms) should be agreed between the client and/or the relevant
authority.
In the absence of such agreement, the minimum imposed loads given in PD 6688 may be used for
category E2 loaded areas.
NA.4.2 Imposed loads on roofs [BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.4.2 (1)]
Imposed loads on roofs specified in BS EN 1991-1-1:2002, 6.3.4.2 (1) are for access for cleaning or
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maintenance only. Loads produced by climatic effects on all categories of roofs are specified in
BS EN 1991-1-4 (wind loads), BS EN 1991-1-3 (snow loads) and BS EN 1991-1-5 (thermal actions).

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Bibliography

Standards publications
BS EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-3: General actions — Snow loads.
BS EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-4: General actions — Wind actions.
BS EN 1991-1-5, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-5: General actions — Thermal actions.
BS EN 1991-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges.
BS EN 1991-3, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery.
PD 6688, Background paper to the UK National Annexes to BS EN 1991-1.

Other publications
[1] BRE Digest 426, The response of structures to dynamic crowd loads. BRE: Watford, 2004.
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NA to BS EN
1991-1-1:2002
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