BANK LOCKER SECURITY

SYSTEM
BASED ON TWO-FACTOR
AUTHENTICATION

Student Name : Sheeba Betsy

Student Number : 16IT151
Department : Information Technology
Problem definition
Bank lockers are plays important role in today’s life and it is considered the safest place to store
jewelry, documents, stock certificates and etc. The traditional methods used for most of banks rely
on manual lock and PIN number/ password which are not fully secure. In manual lock systems,
whenever a customer uses the locker, he/she should assist by the bank staff. This may lead to waste
of time for both the customer and the staff. The major drawback of such manual locker systems
are lack of security because the key can be duplicated. This would lead to theft of the entire
valuable possessions in the bank lockers.
The password, Personal Identification Number (PIN) or smart cards are used for personal
identification to access lockers. Anyhow, the smart cards can be stolen, the password and PIN
numbers can be forgotten or might be guessed. Still many banks struggle to prevent illegal access,
intrusions and stopping secret information disclosure. These all become problems of traditional
bank lockers and leads to bank robberies. The safety of this lockers need to be ensured and verified
through the strong authentication mechanisms in order to restrict the unauthorized access.

Scope
The scope of the project is concentrated at two-factor authentication in order to access the Bank
locker system. The project is mainly focused on restricting the unauthorized access and alerting in
case of theft. The fingerprint biometric and one-time password authentication implemented. The
accuracy of fingerprint scanner is depended on fingerprint sensor specification. More accuracy of
fingerprint sensor will provide strong fingerprint authentication which cannot be forged. The one-
time password depended on the method of random number generation. The project will have
software, hardware implementation and limitations.
Software
The analysis of software implementation need to be identified in order to work on this project.
The primary works for software searching as follows:
 Learn the usage of Arduino C, C++ language and its criteria based on the project objectives.
 Identifies the memory usage required by the project that will develop whether it suits with
Arduino Mega 2560 R3 microcontroller or not.
 Identifies the software that will be used to load the program to the Arduino Mega 2560 R3
microcontroller using boot loader methods.
 Check and explore the entire techniques in the developed program in order to achieve the
project objectives.
Hardware
There are several analysis carried out before proceed to the project requirements for the
hardware implementation as follows:
 Designing the bank locker with the lock style solenoid attached to it.
 Searching for the material that will be used for project such as wood, nail and locker opener
door.
 Built the prototype based on the design and project requirements to facilitate the system
easier.
Limitation of this project
The limitations of this project are identified through the initial system analysis, development
environment and based on the equipment’s specifications as follows:
 Limited time, high commitment and limited technical source and support.
 Noise in fingerprint sensed data and spoof of attack.
 The continuous power supply needed for the system in order to work lifetime.
 The system only focusing on two-factor authentication and alerting. The physical security is
not concerned.

Aim of the project

The aim of the project is to come up with a low cost and efficient model of security locker
system which provides more reliability and restrict the access of unauthorized person who is
trying to unlock the bank locker system and alerts in the case of theft.

Objectives of the project

The focus of this project is to develop a locker system based on two-factor authentication. The
objective of the project as follows:
 Develop a locker system that can replace the current traditional methods such as manual lock,
PIN number and password.
 Improve the security with automate locker system based on two-factor authentication.
 Making the bank customers feel safe about their possessions in the safe.
 Eliminating the need to remember multiple passwords, PINs and not carry identity proof and
keys.
 Eliminate the frauds which are done by smart larceners.
 Provide user friendly and easier system to banks to do their jobs efficiently.
 Save the time by the process of withdrawal of possessions faster and ultimately make the
services pleasant for the bank customers.

Literature Review
There are number of bank locker security systems in the market. These type of systems are studied
in order to obtain ideas for the system that was built. Even though a system in the market at the
present time is compliment with new technology and more advanced idea must be acquired
through the literature review. In this report, the review of literature is explained with the guidance
of the existing projects conducted by researchers on development of bank locker security system.
The technologies such as GSM, RFID and biometrics that are used in different types of security
system is further discussed.
Existing system related work
Over the years, locker security system is implemented in various places. A security plays an
important role in day to day life. Some of the researchers have successfully developed various
types of locker systems using different technology as follows.
Bank locker security system based on RFID and GSM technology
This system can be organized in bank and secured offices. The only registered user can recover
the money or accessories from bank locker. The system works based on RFID and GSM
technology that can authenticate, validate a user and unlock the door for bank locker access in
real time basis. This system consists of microcontroller AT89c51, GSM modem, LCD,
keyboard, power supply, RFID tag and RFID reader. The id of a user is stored in the passive tag.
The RFID reader reads the id number to validate and send to the microcontroller. If the id is
valid then the authentic person needs to enter the password through keypad to the bank locker
system. If the password get valid, the system send SMS request to the authentic user mobile
number. Then the user sends the password to the microcontroller through mobile phone using
GSM modem. If these passwords are matched the bank locker will be opened otherwise it will
remain in locked status. System works based on RFID and GSM technology whereas two types
of authentication are used. Two password are referred which provides double security. System
becomes user friendly due to use of RFID and GSM technology. All type of users are well aware
about these technologies because their day to day activities include smart phones and ATM cards
usage. Strong and unique authentication method like biometrics such as fingerprint, face and iris
are not concerned.
Bank locker system using microcontroller based on fingerprint technology
This bank locker system implemented based on fingerprint technology using P8V51RD2
microcontroller. When it comes to system the user’s fingerprint which is authorized to access
the locker will be stored in the module with a unique ID. The fingerprint scanner is interfaced to
8051 microcontroller. A user has to scan his/her finger in the initial stage. If the fingerprint get
match then, the user need to enter the password given to him/her with the help of a keypad.
Otherwise, the indication will be alert by a buzzer due to password or fingerprint being
mismatch.
Locker system based on RFID, fingerprint, password and GSM technology
This system includes all the technologies and mechanisms such as RFID, fingerprint sensor,
password and GSM where four different type of authentications used. RFID reader acts on the ID
number from passive tag and transfers it to the system, if the ID number is legal then it lets a user
to access the fingerprint biometry if not the process will be stopped. If the fingerprint is matched
the system would send the password to the registered phone number. Once the user gets the
password, he/she requires to enter the password which was previously given to the user and
received through the GSM. If these entered two passwords are in line, then the locker could be
accessed if not the system will send the alert SMS to the relevant user’s phone number and the
locker will be remained in locked status.
Proposed bank locker system based on Two-factor authentication
The proposed bank locker system will authenticate a user based on two factor authentication.
The two independent authentication methods would be implemented which are fingerprint
biometric and one- time password send through GSM module. This system mainly contains of
Arduino Mega 2560-R3, GT-511C3 fingerprint scanner, SIM900 Quad-band GSM module, I2C
LCD module, lock style solenoid, PIR sensor, vibration sensor, relay and buzzer. The system
work is based on two-factor authentication leads to more security. The fingerprint biometric and
on time password send through the GSM module are concerned. The necessity of three security
concerns are followed in the proposed system in order to provide high secure access which are
“something you know” (PIN), “something you are” (fingerprint biometric) and “something you
have” (phone).The system is user friendly because it uses fingerprint technology which is widely
known and phone in order to retrieve the PIN to the locker access.
Overview of bank locker system design and its process
The Bank locker system based on two-factor authentication implementation on Arduino Mega
2560 R3 is proposed as shown in the figure 6. The Arduino Mega 2560 controller will be taken
action according to Fingerprint scanner GT-511C3 input, once it is verified, Arduino sends SMS
details to GSM module in order to send a PIN to owner’s mobile phone, when it receives
confirmation through keypad, Arduino sends open signals to Solenoid to provide access to the
bank locker system. The Ywrobot relay (5VDC) is used to switch off/on the Solenoid to work
with electronic locker system. I2C real time clock module is used to take the current time and
date which is used to be count for session time out regarding one-time password. The PIR and
vibration sensors used to detect in case of theft. This system is aimed to overcome the limitation
of the existing bank locker system. The existing system can be replaced by designed system that
will be provided more security and eliminate time delay in effective manner. The new system
will be delivered more security which will be provided almost twice safety as earlier systems
Fundamental stages of bank locker systems
Data acquisition: This is the phase where the data (fingerprint) are taken from the users by the
fingerprint scanner. The received fingerprint image is stored in the fingerprint database as
template. Acquisition can be done through the fingerprint GT511C3 optical scanner.
Feature extraction: The features of fingerprints are figured and stored with its characteristics in
the database. The captured fingerprint images are assisted to feature extraction component and its
features are stored to the database as template by using an extraction algorithm to the fingerprint
image. This is the stage where capture image, enhance ridge and extract minutiae are processed
(which is known as image enhancement).
Fingerprint Verification: Involvement of decision making takes place. The user, in order to
access the bank locker, he/she places the finger on the fingerprint scanner device. Once a
fingerprint image is taken, it’s served to a process of matching component and that extracts the
minutiae features of the fingerprint image scanned and ties with the individual’s fingerprint
template that saved earlier in the system database. If both matches, the user will be allowed to
enter the password. If it doesn’t match, the user access will be denied and locker system will be
remained in lock status. James and Prasad (2011, pp. 6-7).
One-time password: This password is valid only for one login session and each password
generated randomly has a time expiration. Once the fingerprint verification is done, the user need
to enter the password which is sends through GSM module. If the OTP get matched, the user will
be granted to access the bank locker otherwise the access will be denied. All of these stages are
required in order to access the bank locker.

CONCLUSION
Bank robberies are rapidly growing in today’s word due to traditional authentication methods
followed in the bank locker system. There is no any system which is completely out of spoofing.
Every system is subject to breakable. A single authentication system with password or biometric
can be easily breakable and not secured/reliable. The proposed bank locker system based on two-
factor authentication provides high performance, security, reliability, throughput and robustness.
The fingering biometric which is unique and “one-time password” send to user’s phone which
has time expiration are referred for two-factor authentication. This eliminating to remember
PINs, password, carrying keys and identity proofs. The developed locker system concept gives
the additional features to detect theft by using PIR and vibration sensor for more security. The
bank locker system based on two-factor authentication project was completed successfully with
positive outcomes. Existing data and similar system researches add value to my project
development. Throughout the project a lot of knowledge, troubleshooting the problems and
finding solutions for it are gained analytically and technically. The software implementation of
this project leads author to understand and experienced about open integrated development
environment, Arduino platform and its programming languages such as Java and C/C++ in
depth. Development of two-factor authentication allowed to get a full view of industry evolving
security technologies. Further knowledge gathered about fingerprint biometric, its type of
measurements which are minutiae features, image preprocessing, fingerprint verification and
“one-time password” generation. Besides, through this project a lot of skills have been
developed not only software development and hardware implementation but also the capabilities
of innovating new embedded systems in different platforms have been learned. Overall, the
project achieved its each aim and objectives proposed and the developed bank locker system is
fully automated with error-free. Further, the bank locker system based on two-factor
authentication can be launched as a product for Bank sectors with required modification.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

The desired outcome of the project was accomplished. Moreover, to adopt new technology as it
comes, to provide more security and services, the future work can be done for bank locker
system. The future work was analyzed when developing the project to increase the scope further.
Along with the bank locker system, the AES128 bit encryption can be enabled for secure
communication with implementation of CryptoShield. This adds security layer to the system by
processing encryption and decryption. This shield inbuilt with AES-128 encrypted EEPROM
that provides both authentication and confidential non-volatile date storage. The system security
can be enhanced further with the help of this shield.
Nowadays internet banking plays a major role in human’s life in order to check and transfer
payments. The access details of bank locker system can be merged with internet banking with the
execution of Ethernet shield. The Ethernet shield can be programmed to act as a web server
between Arduino mega microcontroller and the bank’s website. Whenever the access details of
the bank locker system is logged it would send to bank’s website through virtual port using
Ethernet shield. Instead of fingerprint biometric authentication, the face recognition can be used
with “onetime password” generation. The face recognition is one of the biometric technology
rapidly increasing these days and widely used in various application. With the face recognition
bank locker system become more user friendly to all type of users. The fingerprint image
sensing quality can be improved by using 3D image scanner to provide more accuracy. This may
leads to result in false acceptance rate and false rejection rate marginally. The latest cellular
shield SM5100B which is compatible with Arduino platform can be deployed further for speedy
communication. Use of this cellular shield would take less processing time to send the “one-time
password” to user’s phone than current GSM module.

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