DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF ARTS
A.M.U., ALIGARH
Syllabus for Ph.D Admissions Test 2019-20
ENGLISH
SECTION B

ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN DRAM A

Kyd : The Spanish Tragedy
W ebster : The Duchess of Malfi
Marlowe: Dr. Faustus
Ben Jonson : The Alchemist

ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN PROSE

Sidney: An Apologie for Poesie
Bacon : Essays : ‘Of Truth’, ‘Of Revenge’, ‘Of Death’, ‘Of Studies’, ‘Of Adversity’
Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress
Robert Burton :The Anatomy of Melancholy (Selections)
1.The Author’s Abstract of Melancholy (Rhymed)
2. God, a Cause of Melancholy (Member 3, Subsect 1)
3. Sorrow, a Cause of Melancholy (Member 3, Subsect 4)
4. Fear, a Cause of Melancholy (Member 3, Subsect 5)
5. Education, a Cause of Melancholy (Member 4, Subsect 2)

SHAKESPEARE
Twelfth Night
Henry IV Part I
Hamlet
Measure for Measure
King Lear
The Winter’s Tale
Shakespeare Criticism
Johnson and Coleridge
Extracts from Shakespeare Criticism: A Selection,
ed. D. Nichol Smith
(ii) Trends in Shakespeare Criticism-Bradley and after: L. C. Knights, G.
W ilson Knight, R. B. Heilman, D. G. James, Irving, Ribner, Terry Eagleton,

RESTORATION AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY POETRY

Dryden: MacFlecknoe
Pope : The Rape of the Lock – first 3 cantos
Gray: ‘Elegy W ritten in a Country Churchyard’
The Progress of Poesy
Collins : To Evening
Blake :Songs of Experience
‘Introduction’, ‘Earth’s Answer’, ‘The Tyger’, ‘The Little Vagabond’, ‘The
Voice of the Ancient Bard’, ‘My Pretty Rose-Tree’, ‘Ah, Sun-Flower’,‘A Little
Boy Lost’, ‘London’, ‘The Chimney-Sweeper’
The remaining poems of Songs of Experience are for non-detailed study

RESTORATION AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PROSE

Selections from The Spectator
The following eight essays:
Addison ‘The Spectator’s Account of Himself’
‘Sir Roger at Home’
‘Character of W ill W imble’
‘Sir Roger at Church’
‘Rural Manners’
Steele ‘The Coverley Household’
‘Sir Roger’s Ancestors’
‘Of the Club’
Swift:*Gulliver’s Travels(Only Book I for detailed study)
Congreve: The Way of the World
Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe
Sheridan:The Rivals

POETRY OF THE ROMANTIC AGE

Wordsworth: The Prelude (1805) Bk. I
(ed. Selincourt)
Tintern Abbey
Lucy Poems
1. ‘She dwelt among the untrodden ways’
2. ‘Three years she grew in sun and shower’
Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Kubla Khan
Byron:Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (Cantos 1-4)
‘W hen we two parted’
‘She walks in Beauty’
‘Stanzas for Music’
‘Sonnet on Chillon’
Shelley:The Mask of Anarchy
Adonais,
‘Ode to the W est W ind’
Keats: Endymion, Book I
‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’
‘Ode to Autumn’,
‘Ode to a Nightingale’

POETRY OF THE VICTORIAN AGE

Tennyson : The following poems:
The Lotus Eaters
The Palace of Art
The Two Voices
‘Ulysses’
In Memoriam
Browning: ‘Andrea delSarto’
‘The Last Ride Together’
‘Rabbi ben Ezra’
‘Porphyria’s Lover’
Arnold: ‘Dover Beach’
‘To Marguerite’ (Yea, in the sea of life)
‘Shakespeare’
‘The Scholar-Gipsy’
Hopkins: ‘The W indhover’
‘The Starlight Night’
‘No worst, there is none’

PROSE AND FICTION OF THE ROMANTIC AGE

Scott : The Heart of Midlothian
Jane Austen : Persuasion
Hazlitt: Selections
(ed. G. Sampson)
The following essays :
‘My First Acquaintance with Poets’,
‘On Going a Journey’
‘On Reading Old Books’
Lamb : Essays of Elia
‘Dream Children ‘
‘Mackery End in Herfordshire’
‘Poor Relations’
‘Old China’

PROSE AND FICTION OF THE VICTORIAN AGE

Dickens : David Copperfield
Thackeray : Vanity Fair
George. Eliot : Middlemarch
Pater: Appreciations : (only two essays)
‘Style’,
‘Coleridge’
Ruskin : Unto this Last
Oscar W ilde : The Importance of Being Earnest

POETRY FROM CHAUCER TO SHAKESPEARE

Chaucer : The General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales
The Pardoner’s Tale
The Knight ’s Tale
Spenser : The Faerie Queen, Book I
(Cantos I – V for detailed study)
Shakespeare : Sonnets Nos. 17, 20, 23, 27, 30, 42, 55, 64, 66,86, 116, 125,
130.

POETRY FROM DONNE TO MILTON

Donne :The following poems from Helen Gardener’s anthology:
The Metaphysical Poets (Penguin)
‘The Good Morrow’
‘The Flea’
‘The Sunne Rising’
‘The Canonization’
‘The Relique’
‘This is my play’s last scene’
Andrew Marvell : ‘To His Coy Mistress’
‘On a Drop of Dew’
‘The Garden’
George Herbert : ‘The Agonie’
The Collar’
‘Jordan’ (I)
Crashaw:‘A Hymne of the Nativity’
Milton : Paradise Lost Book I and II (Book I for detailed study)

MODERN BRITISH LITERATURE UPTO 1950

Yeats: Selections from Palgrave’s
The Golden Treasury (1965 edition, OUP)
‘ No Second Troy’
‘The Second Coming’
‘Sailing to Byzantium’
‘Leda and the Swan’
‘Byzantium’
T.S. Eliot :The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
The Waste Land
Auden : Selections from Modern Verse,
(The W orld’s Classics Series)
‘Muses de Beaux Arts’
‘The Shield of Achilles’
Lullaby: ‘Lay your Sleeping Head My Love’
Spender : Selections from Modern Verse,
(The W orld’s Classics Series)
‘The Landscape Near an Aerodrome’
‘The Prisoners’
‘The Express’
Shaw : Man and Superman
Synge : Riders to the Sea
D.H. Lawrence : Sons and Lovers
Conrad : Heart of Darkness
James Joyce : A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

MODERN BRITISH LITERATURE AFTER 1950

Philip Larkin : ‘Poetry of Departures’
‘Toads Revisited’
‘Mr Bleany’
‘Churchgoing’
Ted Hughes :‘Hawk Roosting’
‘Thought Fox’
‘Hawk in the Rain’
Seamus Heaney : ‘Traditions’
‘Punishment’
‘The Railway Children’
Angus W ilson : Late Call
Paul Scott: Staying on
John Fowles :The French Lieutenant’s Woman
Harold Pinter : The Birthday Party
Arnold W esker : Chicken Soup with Barley
Tom Stoppard: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead

LITERARY CRITICISM
Aristotle: Poetics (Butcher’s Translation).
Dryden :‘Essay of Dramatic Poesie’
W ordsworth :Preface to The Lyrical Ballads (1800 Edition)
Coleridge :Biographia Literaria, Chapter XIII
Arnold :‘The Function of Criticism in Modern Times’
T.S. Eliot :‘Tradition and Individual Talent ’
‘The Metaphysical Poets’
(A) Basic Concepts of Practical Criticism
I.A. Richards:The Four Kinds of Meaning
Basic Concepts of New Criticism
Cleanth Brooks :The Language of Paradox
(B) Practical Criticism
(Unseen Poetry and/or Prose extracts)

CONTEMPORARY LITERARY THEORY

A). Conceptual Framework of Contemporary Literary Theory: Historical Background
(Literary Criticism and Literary Theory, Literature and Experience, Literary Tradition,
Literary Production and Consumption), Philosophical Background (brief introduction to
concepts of Russian Formalism, Empiricism, Phenomenology, Linguistic Determinism,
Intention and meaning, Author, text and reader).
B). Debates, controversies and arguments in the 1980s; the English Synthesis; the
weakening of the English Synthesis: Impact of theory on English Studies.
A). Structuralism: Language & Literature as Structure; Structuralist Narratology;
implications of Structualism for the study of literature.
B). Deconstruction: Critique of logocentricism ; undecidability of meaning; difference and
dissemination; American deconstruction.
C). Psychoanalytic Theory: Discovery of the Unconscious: Freud; Deviations from
Freudian mapping of the Unconscious: Jung and Otto Rank: Ego-centrist approach to
theory and practice of psychoanalysis: the American School; Lacan and his revolt
against ego-centrist psychoanalysis.
A). New Historicism: The culture scape of American; conditions necessitating the
deviation from historicism and dialectical materialism; the theory.
B). Cultural Materialism: The culture scape of Europe; impact of World Wars and
Fascism; the theory.
C). Feminism: Relationship of theory to Feminism; critique of and rocentricism,
gynocriticism.
 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF ARTS
A.M.U., ALIGARH
Syllabus for Ph.D Admissions Test 2019-20
ELT
SECTION B

GENERAL AND ENGLISH PHONETICS

Phonetics: Definition; Relationship between Phonetics and Linguistics;
Relationship between Phonetics and Phonology.
Phonetics and its Branches; Articulatory Phonetics; Acoustic Phonetics; Auditory
Phonetics; Perceptual Phonetics; Applied Phonetics
Organs of Speech: Functions
Mechanism of Speech Production
Air Stream Mechanism and Phonation Types
The Sound System of a Language: Vowels – Definition, Description and Classification
Consonants: Description and Classification
Phonemic Transcription: IPA Symbols
The Sound System of English: English Sounds and Letters; English Vowels and
Consonants – Phonemic & Phonetics Details; Allophonic Variations
Consonant Clusters
Syllables
Suprasegmental Features:
Word Stress
Sentence Stress
Rhythm
Strong and Weak Forms
Connected Speech: Stress and Rhythm
Phonemic Transcription using Suprasegmental Features

ELEMENTARY LINGUISTICS
General Linguistics; Definition and the scope of the subject; Historical; Comparative;
Descriptive Linguistics; Theoretical and Applied Linguistics
Language: Definitions, Properties and Functions; Language and Society; Language and
Culture
Phonetics and Phonology; the structure of sounds in language, identification of
phonemes; distinctive features approach based on Chomsky and Halle (SPE);
Phonological Processes; assimilation, elision, liason, juncture.
Morphology: The structure of words and morpheme; morph, morpheme and morpheme
variants, morphological processes; word formation processes.
Syntax: The study of sentence structure; basic sentence patterns, phrase and clause
structure; constituents and constructions; construction types.
Semantics: Definition and scope; Types of word meaning; types of sentence meaning;
word meaning relations and sentence meaning relations.

GRAMMAR, OLD AND NEW

Grammar: Origin, Definition and Types.
Latin Grammar; English Grammars; the School Tradition; Case Grammar; IC Analysis.
PS Rules; TG Grammar

LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING: THEORIES AND METHODOLOGY

Language Learning Theories: Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
Second Language Learning Theories- I: Universal Grammar Hypothesis; Krashen’s
Monitor Model; Anderson’s Information Processing Model
Second Language Learning Theories- II: Pidginization/ Acculturation; Discourse Theory/
Functional Perspectives; Neuro functional theory
Language Learning Strategies and Communication Strategies; Communicative
Competence; Interlanguage Hypothesis; Error Analysis
Methods of Language Teaching: Approach, methods and technique; The Grammar-
Translation Method; Language teaching innovations in the nineteenth century and the
Reform Movement; The Direct Method; The Audio-Lingual Method
Communicative Language Teaching: Origin of CLT, theoretical bases of CLT; CLT
Syllabuses; classroom activities and techniques; learner-teacher roles; strengths and
weaknesses.

SYLLABUS DESIGNING
Syllabus and Curriculum; Definition and Scope; Features and philosophy of Syllabus
Design; Background to a Course Design, Needs Analysis Learner’s profile: E. B., T. B.
Age, Socio - cultural aspects, Language proficiency, etc.
Approaches to Language Syllabus Designing: Grammatical/ Structural /Situational;
Notional/Functional, The Council of Europe Project.
Procedural syllabus; Communicative Syllabus (Integrated Approach); Specific Purpose
Syllabus; Teacher Training Syllabus; Analysis of different types of syllabuses in view of
stated objectives and needs

GRAMMAR, TEXT AND DISCOURSE

Text Grammar: Cohesion and Coherence
Text and Discourse; Text and Context.
Conversation Analysis: Traditional v/s Modern

MATERIALS PRODUCTION
Teaching materials: Definition. Types and Role in ELT; General Principles of Materials
Production: Selection/Gradation;
Forms and Functions of materials for Accuracy/ Fluency, for Linguistic/ Communicative
Proficiency, for General ELT and ESP
Effective use of Materials: Using Authentic Texts, Adaptation of Materials.

TEACHING ORAL COMMUNICATION

English Intonation
Types and Roles
Functions: Grammatical, Accentual and Attitudinal.
Teaching of English Pronunciation
Sounds, Accent and Rhythm
Speech Melody
Problems in Pronunciation
Choice of Models in Pronunciation: Concept of World English, RP, American English, GIE
Measures for Achieving Intelligibility for Indian Speakers of English
Nature of Oral Communication: Difference between Oral and Written Communication
Difference between Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
Speaker – Listener Rapport
Objectives and Strategies for Teaching Listening and Speaking
Designing Integrated Listening and Speaking Tasks

Oral Communication Tasks:

Task I – Oral Presentation on Formal Papers; Group Discussion; Role Play and
Conversations/Dialogues
Task II – Conducting Meetings and Interviews; Compeering/Anchoring
Task III – Telephonic Communication; Creative Dramatics

TEACHING GRAMMAR AND USAGE

Status and Role of Grammar in Language Pedagogy; Approaches to Teaching Grammar
System: Deductive/Inductive.
Teaching Strategies: Memorization/Discovery; Form/function; Use/Usage.
Designing Tasks for teaching grammar through various approaches and strategies.
Concepts in Modern English Grammar:
i) Universal Grammar
ii) Word Classes : Description, Analysis and Usage.
Beyond the Sentence: (a) Suprasentential Grammar, Intersentential Links: Lexical,
Grammatical, Semantic. (b) Grammatical Analysis of a Paragraph
Designing Tasks for Teaching Grammar Items.

TEACHING WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Different Perspectives on Writing as Communication; Product Approach; Writing Process
Approaches: Expressive, Cognitive (Flower and Hayes and Bereiter and Scardamalia);
Social-Context Approach; Ethnographic and Halliday’s Social-Semiotic Approach; Genre-
based Approaches.
Role of Vocabulary in Writing; Clause Relations and Textual Patterns; Theme and
Rheme; Text and Interpretation.
L1 & L2 Writing : Similarities and Differences. Strategies/Techniques of Writing; Teaching
Writing at the Primary, Intermediate and Advanced Levels.
Responding to Writing: Feedback, Cooperative Learning and Group Work; Peer-Group
Responses; Teacher-Student Conferencing; Audience Awareness.
Writing Assessment, Indirect Writing Assessment, Direct Assessment, Portfolios; Self-
Editing.
Tasks in L2 writing class; Task components; Types of Writing Tasks; Graphological
Tasks; Language Scaffolding Tasks and Composing Tasks; Designing Writing Tasks on
Paragraph, Formal Letters, Reports, Notices and Announcements/Advertisements

TEACHING OF LITERATURE
What is Literature; Its Uses and Rationale in ELT; Characteristics of Literature, Recent
Perspectives; Rhetorical Devices.
Approaches to the Study of Literature: Extrinsic (Biographical, Sociological, Archetypal)
Intrinsic (Russian Formalism, New Criticism Structural Analysis).
Literary Competence: Cognitive activities – Understanding, Interpreting, Relating,
Exploring; Classification/ Referents, Semantic Fields; the Problem of Style; Evaluation
Teaching a Poem: Deviant Language of Poetry: Word order, Figurative Language,
Prosody; Preparing Lesson Plans.
Teaching Drama: Major ingredients of a play; Dialogue; Dramatic effect and Stylistic
Features; Preparing Lesson Plans.
Teaching Prose; Teaching a Prose Passage; Teaching Fiction: Stylistic and Analytical
Techniques; Preparing Lesson Plans

TESTING AND EVALUATION

Testing and Evaluation: Definitions and Purposes; Relationship between Learning,
Teaching and Evaluation; Types of Tests; Modes/Methods of Testing.
Characteristics of a Good Test: Reliability, Validity and Practicality; Achieving Beneficial
Backwash: Impact of Tests; Stages of Test Construction; Test Administration.
Techniques of Testing: Multiple Choice; Matching; Gap-filling; True/False; Cloze;
Dictation, Translation; Composition; Short Answer
Characteristics of Communicative Test; Testing Grammar; Testing Vocabulary; Testing
Reading Comprehension. Construction of Items
Testing Writing; Testing Speaking; Testing Listening, Construction of Items
Interpreting/Using Test Results: Mean; Median; Percentile; Standard Deviation;
Standard Error of Measurement; Correlation Co-efficient; Item Difficulty and Item
Analysis; Discrimination Index; Analysis of Distractors; Special Factors Affecting Scores.