A Smart Helmet For Air Quality and Hazardous Event Detection For The Mining Industry PDF

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A Smart Helmet for Air Quality and Hazardous Event

Detection for the Mining Industry
Abstract:
A smart helmet has been developed that is able to detect of hazardous events in the
mines industry. In the development of helmet, we have considered the three main
types of hazard such as air quality, helmet removal, and collision (miners are
struck by an object). The first is the concentration level of the hazardous gases
such as CO, SO2, NO2, and particulate matter. The second hazardous event was
classified as a miner removing the mining helmet off their head. An IR sensor was
developed unsuccessfully but an off-the shelf IR sensor was then used to
successfully determine when the helmet is on the miner’s head. The third
hazardous event is defined as an event where miners are struck by an object against
the head with a force exceeding a value of 1000 on the HIC (Head Injury Criteria).
An accelerometer was used to measure the acceleration of the head and the HIC
was calculated in software.
Existing system:
Presently mining safety helmets only have the purpose of protecting the miner’s
head against potential hazardous bumps. The safety helmets do not have any
technology added to it to let miners know when a fellow miner has encountered a
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hazardous event. In recent years, harvesting technology has played an important

role in the area of mine applications. The literature on mines technology is
available but very limited.
Disadvantage:
 As a result, the existing proposals very few have been implemented and
tested in the real-world, identifying the existence of a gap between theory
and real world application at scientifically accepted level.
Block Diagram:

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Proposed system:
In order to explain the entire system, the system is divided into six units. Helmet
remove sensor, which is used to detect the miner, is wearing the safety helmet or
not this is achieved through the IR sensors. Collision sensor, which is used to
detect and identify whether any objects fall over the miner and this is achieved
through accelerometer. Air quality sensor, which is used to detect Air pollution
from coal mines. It is mainly due to emissions of particulate matter and gases
include methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). Data processing unit the micro
controller which is used to get all the data from the above all sensor and concludes
whether need any intimation to wireless unit or the user wearing it. Wireless
transmission and alerting unit is used to transfer the data obtained from the
processing unit. It is achieved through Zigbee.
Advantages:
 The transmission was successful at distances more than double than were
specified.
 The critical levels of the hazardous gases such as CO, CH4 in the mines
industry has been indicated through alerting unit.
 The system successfully detected when the helmet is removed 10 cm off the
dummy head with an average deviation of 0.3% too far.
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Conclusion:
A smart mining helmet was developed that is able to detect three types of
hazardous events such as danger level of hazardous gases, miner helmet removing,
and collision or impact. The hazardous events were classified as a miner removing
the mining helmet off their head. Another hazardous event is defined as an event
where miners are struck by an object against the head with a force exceeding a
value of 1000 on the HIC (Head Injury Criteria). The system can be improved by
adding more measuring devices to check the miner’s blood pressure and heart rate.
Gas concentrations can be measured as well. In future, it could also be considered
if such modules can also be used for secondary services, such as localization of
workers relative to each other.
Reference :
[1] M. A. Hermanus, ―Occupational health and safety in mining—status, new
developments, and concerns,‖ The Journal of The Southern African Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 107, pp. 531-538, Aug. 2007.

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[2] A.P. Squelch, ―Virtual reality for mine safety training in South Africa,‖ The
Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, pp. 209-216, July
2001.
[3] C. Qiang, S. Ji-ping, Z. Zhe and Z. Fan, ―ZigBee Based Intelligent Helmet for
Coal Miners,‖ IEEE World Congress on Computer Science and Information
Engineering (WRI 2009), 31 Mar. -2 April 2009, vol. 3, pp. 433–435, 2009.
[4] H. Hongjiang and W. Shuangyou, ―The application of ARM and ZigBee
technology wireless networks in monitoring mine safety system,‖ IEEE
International Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and
Management (ISECS 2008), 3-4 Aug. 2008, Guangzhou, pp. 430–433, 2008.
[5] X. Liu, J. S. Huang and Z. Chen, ―The research of ranging with timing over
packet network for the mine safety application,‖ Journal of Networks, vol. 7, no. 7,
pp. 1054–1062, Jul. 2012.
[6] R. S. Nutter, ―Hazard evaluation methodology for computer-controlled mine
monitoring/control systems,‖ IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. IA-19,
no. 3, pp. 445-449, May/June 1983.
[7] R. S. Nutter, ―A distributed microprocessor monitoring and control system for
coal mines,‖ in Proc. 4th WVU Conf. on Coal Mine Electrotechnology, Aug. 2-4,
1978.

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LeMenizInfotech

Call: 0413-4205444, +91 9566355386, 99625 88976.

Web :www.lemenizinfotech.com/ www.ieeemaster.com

The Master of IEEE Projects