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    Pa Pi Pu Pe Po: Handakuon

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    mnmrzn
    The document discusses Japanese phonetic rules and the hiragana syllabary. It explains that hiragana characters indicate syllables that end in a vowel sound, with some exceptions. Characters that begin with p, b, t, d, or s have voiced counterparts indicated by a small circle or two strokes. It provides a complete hiragana chart showing each syllable and similar katakana characters are used mainly for foreign words.

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    Pa Pi Pu Pe Po: Handakuon

    Uploaded by

    mnmrzn
    494 views23 pages
    The document discusses Japanese phonetic rules and the hiragana syllabary. It explains that hiragana characters indicate syllables that end in a vowel sound, with some exceptions. Characters that begin with p, b, t, d, or s have voiced counterparts indicated by a small circle or two strokes. It provides a complete hiragana chart showing each syllable and similar katakana characters are used mainly for foreign words.

    Original Description:

    Handakuon

    Original Title

    HANDAKUON

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    The document discusses Japanese phonetic rules and the hiragana syllabary. It explains that hiragana characters indicate syllables that end in a vowel sound, with some exceptions. Characters that begin with p, b, t, d, or s have voiced counterparts indicated by a small circle or two strokes. It provides a complete hiragana chart showing each syllable and similar katakana characters are used mainly for foreign words.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    494 views23 pages

    Pa Pi Pu Pe Po: Handakuon

    Uploaded by

    mnmrzn
    The document discusses Japanese phonetic rules and the hiragana syllabary. It explains that hiragana characters indicate syllables that end in a vowel sound, with some exceptions. Characters that begin with p, b, t, d, or s have voiced counterparts indicated by a small circle or two strokes. It provides a complete hiragana chart showing each syllable and similar katakana characters are used mainly for foreign words.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    HANDAKUON are the syllables defining with p, which is the semi-voiced counterpart of b.

    This type of symbol is indicated by a little circle instead of two abbreviated strokes at the upper

    right hand corner of the syllables that begin with h namely, ぱ, ぴ, ぷ,ぺ,ぽ.

    As you may recall, the pronunciation of ぷ is represented by (fu), because this denotes the
    correct pronunciation better than (hu) does. There is no corresponding change in the
    pronunciation of syllables that begin with p. These are pronounced like (pa), (pi), (pu), (pe), (po).
    (Likewise, as seen in the previous section, there is no change in the syllables beginning with b.)

    pa ぱ pi ぴ pu ぷ pe ぺ po ぽ

    SIMILAR HIRAGANA

    あ–a お–o

    き – ki さ- sa

    ち – chi ら – ra
    た – ta な – na

    い–i り – ri

    う -u え–e

    ま – ma も – mo

    る – ru ろ – ro

    こ – ko に – ni
    す – su む – mu

    け – ke は – ha ほ – ho

    め – me ぬ – nu の – no
    わ – wa れ – re ね – ne
    THE JAPANESE ALPHABET

    Hiragana

    ひらがな
    The first step to learning the Japanese language is to learn the alphabet. Or, at least, to learn the
    sounds that exist in the language. There are absolutely no "tones" in Japanese like in many other
    asian languages and there are only 2 exceptions within the alphabet which will be explained later.
    The Japanese alphabet does not contain letters but, instead, contains characters and, technically,
    they are not alphabets but character sets. The characters are called Hiragana. Hiragana is the
    main alphabet or character set for Japanese. Japanese also consists of two other character sets -
    Kanji (Chinese characters), which we will get into later, and another alphabet/character set,
    Katakana, which is mainly used for foreign words. Katakana will be covered in Lesson 2. rn them
    as you continue to go through the other lessons. Don't wait to move on until you have all
    Hiragana characters memorized.

    There are 5 vowels in Japanese. (a), pronounced "ahh", (i), pronounced like "e" in "eat", (u),
    pronounced like "oo" in "soon", (e), pronounced like "e" in "elk", and (o), pronounced "oh". All
    Hiragana characters end with one of these vowels, with the exception of (n). The only
    "consonant" that does not resemble that of English is the Japanese "r". It is slightly "rolled" as if it
    were a combination of a "d", "r", and "l".
    COMPLETE HIRAGANA CHART TABLE
    A I U E O

    a line あ い う え お

    ka line か き く け こ

    ga (“) が ぎ ぐ げ ご

    sa line さ し す せ そ

    za (“) ざ じ ず ぜ ぞ

    ta line た ち つ て と

    da (“) だ ぢ づ で ど

    na line な に ぬ ね の

    ha line は ひ ふ へ ほ

    ba (“) ば び ぶ べ ぼ

    pa (◦) ぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽ

    ma line ま み む め も

    ya line や ゆ よ

    ra line ら り る れ ろ

    wa line わ を

    n ん
    COMPLETE KATAKANA CHART TABLE

    A I U E O

    a line ア イ ウ エ オ

    ka line カ キ ク ケ コ

    ga (“) ガ ギ グ ゲ ゴ

    sa line サ シ ス セ ソ

    za (“) ザ ジ ズ ゼ ゾ

    ta line タ チ ツ テ ト

    da (“) ダ ヂ ヅ デ ド

    na line ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ

    ha line ハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ

    ba (“) バ ビ ブ ベ ボ

    pa (◦) パ ピ プ ペ ポ

    ma line マ ミ ム メ モ

    ya line ヤ ユ ヨ

    ra line ラ リ ル レ ロ
    wa line ワ ヲ

    n ン

    Takushoon Table of Katakana


    RULES IN HIRAGANA
    DAKUON HIRAGANA
    The three voiceless consonants, (k) is (g), (s) is (z), and (t) is (d). (b) is and (p) form a
    pair too. The symbolic representation to indicate voicing of these consonants in
    Japanese is very systematic. Two abbreviated strokes are added at the upper right
    corner of each symbol. For example, you may recall that (ka) is represnted by か, so
    (ga) is が, (ki) is き, (gi) ぎ, and so on.

    It is important to note the voiced counterparts of し (shi) and ち (chi), which are じ(ji)
    andち” (ji) respectively, are pronounced the same. Likewise, the voiced counterparts

    of す(su) and つ (tsu), which areず (zu) and づ (zu), are pronounced the same.

    In the answer to the question of when to use one or the other, we can say that the
    Modern Japanese, are じ(ji) andず(zu) are most commonly used. However,ち” (ji)

    and づ (zu) are still used occasionally, but only in the following cases. In a

    1. In a compound word in which the original syllable was ち (chi), but the
    consonant become voiced as the result of compounding and euphonic change
    change, for example:

    はな (nose) +ち (blood) はなち” (nose bleed)

    こ (small) +つつみ (package) こつつ”み (postal package)

    かん (can) +つめ (る) (cram) かんつ”め (canned foods)

    2. In a word in whichち (chi) andつ (tsu) repeat themselves, but the secondち

    (chi) and つ(tsu) are voiced due to a euphonic change, for example:

    ちち”む (to shrink)


    ちかぢか (near future) ちか(い) (near)+ ちか(い) (near)

    つつ”く (continue)

    ga - が gi - ぎ gu - ぐ ge - げ go - ご

    za - ざ ji - じ zu - ず ze - ぜ zo ぞ

    da - だ ji, dji, jyi -ぢ dzu, zu - づ de -で

    do ど

    ba - ば bi - び bu - ぶ be - べ bo - ぼ
    Column & Rows to Remember the
    Dakuon of Hiragana

    YOON
    The thirty-six contracted syllables consist of twenty one basic yoon plus twelve where a consonant
    becomes voiced and three where a consonant become semi voiced.

    All of the symbols that represents consonants combined with the vowel (i) make yoon
    (contracted syllables) when followed by (ya), (yu) or (yo). Thus (ki) + (ya) becomes (kya), (ki) + (yo)
    becomes (kyo). The Hiragana representation of each these syllables is made with a full-size
    Hiragana and a half size (ya), (yu) or (yo). All of the consonants form this combination in one of
    the three following.
    As indicated, in writing the (ki) and (yo) together in romaji to form one syllable (kyo), you always
    delete the letter i in the first syllable : K(i)YO KYO. Note that this KYO contrasts with the word
    KIYO (contributions). There are many similar cases.

    As indicated, pronouncing (chi) and (ya) together to form one syllable (cha) results in the deletion
    of the vowel (i) in the first syllable and the (y) in the second syllable. The same deletions are made
    when writing romaji.

    As indicated, in combining (ji) and (yu) to produce the syllable (ju), the vowel (i) and the (y) are
    deleted.

    HIRAGANA
    ゃ ya ゅ yu ょ yo
    き ki きゃ kya きゅ kyu きょ kyo
    し shi しゃ sha しゅ shu しょ sho
    ち chi ちゃ cha ちゅ chu ちょ cho
    に ni にゃ nya にゅ nyu にょ nyo
    ひ hi ひゃ hya ひゅ hyu ひょ hyo
    み mi みゃ mya みゅ myu みょ myo
    り ri りゃ rya りゅ ryu りょ ryo
    dakuten
    ぎ gi ぎゃ gya ぎゅ gyu ぎょ gyo
    じ ji じゃ jaじゅ ju じょ jo
    び bi びゃ bya びゅ byu びょ byo
    handakuten
    ぴ pi ぴゃ pya ぴゅ pyu ぴょ pyo

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