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VEEFT1FPA Ciiiiiiit\0 0UDAF{, u.re*
As:r i st* ;'r t P rof r."ssor
I Dept, of Electronics & Corn;nunication Engl
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VEERAPPA CHIKKAGOUDAR,
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M.r6dr.
Assistant profe"sor '
-
Oept. of Eiectronics a Comnrunicition
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ry bt-L.rrr^tn& -1fu- \ft'lkff-
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VEBR {PPA M Tedr'
[*11S,.:P,YDAR,
Dept' of Electronics & Comntunication Engg'
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;\ssi giani Ilre;fossor
Depi. cf Electronics & Comnunication Engg.
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VEERAPPTI C iil i{]{AG CUDAR, M'Tedr,


Assistai'it Profossor
Dept. ci Electronics & Comnunication Engg'
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0 VE[R4,Ft.l
{ri{ii;,#,
tav Depr cr ,f;;f;i;t ii[,!Y"'"+-'
mmunication
M,eci,

Engg.

77r tu
c.9nF
\\ hk = t2;o
1 gloD-
lDI""l hnl- -t>-
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hTN\
- 1N
)

: =)
? (

h= kv; *-2"
= = -o.o(-t
h;tt Fn lnts/o

b2- v(
To
t.t
fik ft = t-f (-o os()(--qo) c l.tt1 .3f
\-/
finth@t.
J-- t

fr{-'* h z- P.
VS
ftr*z # - -l ,Iu i,s

VT

4vi --LL -F
Wt-
n 2,"2,( lo3
?r
213,3
\b)ltrcl. .$UAL Fe-,I bs
----1r)
-[r-,ed tr* ICb.,-"I.t
r,$ r rr C; ].u,, ,)' JI.o r+ \ Yb I l-*,ff .(]'unh
cr-w'pl {futv oe n7 a-P
ft€r,Lfi\t "1.".1 'i-
C!"cn-\nrt, ei i \ }'r s
rr{'{-- h n"r*"^r i{-*t fr,-n ;d aru\
k ep onf rc L,cxv( ,

Ji -- ,, Vi =o x wLF"/ 3";n cl. ,"fl-V,


.fl= W C) iill;iiiili:'i', CiiliilfiGOUDAR, r,l r
Ii l';.:i:, ji i $t;ii nt P rofe s sor
[opt, of [loctr,rnics & Comriunication Er

r+ _I _/\\
r>-
b= -
t---l
\--r'
^
Yo F,
- ?,
K.

yD=),,/o,I
v^ 1s=@

'[l.n
?o,n
r.{,}1..-$"J hr.ut n *t*.,
AP: J\ =le
"=L
,-f
Ji - =- -Ro Q:
l+ brt h
f*lhru grorYr rt,)k $..d)rat1r
Arr - *^+ = (p,)(*, )=
-P, -o
€r
*

-tr
\no I lnqt S h,"*r.t- -f
". b^.n "*.,pL
.1
*
u I rt-r). F ET
-U -
=rF
l
VIiER{irPA f.i'i j iiitqGOUDAR, f,,r ro^h..
r'rssisiant Professor
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg.

o^
f-r

w
.T
-+{

N r) 1,. V+ lt )
C ,uA{^".
^ti J*" J. l',
L./
/ ^t
-A Vc*
- 7" RP&s
:--

T,
ul

-r'^-r
+."A b..r [. jr.. k \ "
\
/" ,l
lz =- ;|L
\G
€ I
[

{) -
Fr
_o
v.o r.)Lr ** .f,b a-Llic , {l^*-5''t i;L '}t+- C i Sruu')-- 1)
t^ Ps
+\F Vo A if"RD
a-

-Ir
= -*-!-
Lt Ybn
;4,/r,,).--6
6 r,sDP\)

a[- ^rymqry:ff
$ftry-RPPs
*-tt
-lt{- wil^,f JL '1<^t C;91^'n1)'- r^:r)-l., f,.u,1 batl'
lct ft:
i-: =)i,u n
_
Av{ "' 9* Jr
!vr =
?^
Rf +
pp {s Rt,

P-p Pt
(i,)
fv\

- ry"Rv Rn
U Fr
h=+ TQ'tPt krTPrP, )

vr...,1l'.iil',r.i r,lr:-rr't50LIDAR, M.Tech.,


/r ;: i,; iaiit Frrofessor
Dept. of Eie,;ii'onics & Corn,nunication Engg,
VEERAPPA CHIIilG00UDAR, ttTedp
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Electonics & Comnrunication Engg.

pl.jl&1 C.i-h rr,r, 1J

* Tr^z ba-lic cPt)c.Fr>o e' cLn Csdit a..H


& t-.ooxtcn1 e- Loc-P-:."1,.*2 Dscilt^Irt/
L, kctehaie su;{[- osrtr\'fr.u LfaT)
t, u^) ien bai dft escil,lorhX
r( rj o\Lc ,nZ ,ft- --h^r%-d' cscitlc^[-or

L> Cale t-"-l osci$-aL '

Cscttla-\-o.1-l a-x.( vatu.,t irnDoA- t'a^1 ' u ht-"i|s , use c0 in +0molJ-


(irurjoictr.aJ
e-vQ)^t e)e-r-l--x, r;L S;ld. Orc-,.\[c^]-o,1-l Pnodrr-te
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tst o P4g-O:;4t't oE--e s clLLeJa eJ :

9*
hn CsctrL.^\-ol ia a- cr gaLLnL- &uw.d t" PhoM', p+ar-acl-l-c
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u
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Posihvt -{""a bo.OL n

,.oi n y4ro2t Xt Sho,cs CLn &r t* LL / a loz'lbattc P


TL^e -fott,
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nr).oos-lc ;';* *g ;"tr;;,ia';I-oe rc no'.-
1r> ,-ftr-t- a c-bsecl t*P-
Xo = AXi
I
{.f, = -x(
Tnue-thn)
heJr"lollz

1t[u"a]a loo f)- fiot,z


"^l-
OptS,'--[rno dT 6gc111r^hJJ.
Tt,*- Uif...t p^Du rcLej an o"$p^{- Srry.d )% fn gtesporue
a-r'^e
+o 1ta ery-ctl L, qpri-d e;ruyr, +I+- ctr"rtpu*qt-
t np^t- +e-[/n-r)^..c^-l ,
.thQ-
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Is Kf- = F *o = 4.p n ;J 4^a- rl.^-u-p,^.t- op Je.{ ntya^F, nil-
ne*.ootlt \! X{,' = -X{ = -*bn, frbyr
^f 7-a.i0 =
xi
^t
+'= -W
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I

-n -4
No oJ i f -.+t{ uL a\n"-) .eo ,^g ce x-i r-J fu}at o re.l un d

^il z E (Att e!t- sc, 40 --l<Am i nc,l I al St quln l.a.)


44mi conn
4-y, bL\,o,J urn; tft
U' = +; ) .')r^, arnpL,Xtr-t-
rr>tit Cortl iyv*L 4- ne" -+r, C*€n o,J p^l- oA izfu-qe
f -f,'u ,] rlo.o%,ry
Non uo€ Cctn gny lXoY -lu! unlt
en gabPu)' on' iR r"u,n oX il- rf )elp-hfry

IPx;
V*l=
.n^fuA.,r- Lo - Axi
A
zt
xi =-xf (sh(
^r'L [!l'
r'i.+tr'

".ut

F*-,.} ba-olc
,*"*j*$h'l{rtl;--
ps q-[-t ooXt<

X{ = t"
ltx,

y+,= K{
X-i ct\L *o-oF%
k#, at
nl-tffi***',,l:Y * N( ond
ct'U -t-1tt1q ' gtnu Xf ' and ttl
"1'd i1 il' u€
alre T n F ha-l , -1+,a 4ttd
e b"tc-[c 3u'

o(f, | = Li nn 41u^$'DD O
haart,
Subs1"+,^[ ,nA u^Ce

g*'; = --Ah =
Loog I
--a
-t\b = ltjD |Rul'an2r^["-a--f"s -,
4 - Ab = t P]"s'36o" Uo!'c.x {"rr'] -@
Jn --ft! = )+b) t9
T€q^) C
CornPaf,t^T alu"alons @ +@
^rP-
-Atb = \4p\ '- r
o
c.r"-l I = b*b = oo o5, 360" o
Tt^-e_ c-on& [',-5o I
7u* in equ,atr-Ons @ 40 ole Lo"LILA
BoU.hata P-r) c-ni tg-i a- h S,^s l. u n e-cJ csc-itlo.Fro n-8 .

n
Tu.g a Canhht^s o$e shl-e"l o E#o{.Lo,-c s.
$ drhale st",C\-'o' oS -4t^o LooP el,c,ciD i I o'C
,--(--U()-+
36o" '

*A l'^au.-,jt^J^ .l')- -}t^q loep r#c-r*n. il to 'J*14..


0,
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I

Note :
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49."lv\t-nu\ft 4.. ^Os.\tl.,.Fron
t-Len",o^l I gja.
CQ-ctc{.e-ol
\4*
, C)- iLe'Lbart nq_[_,Jo,\tc.
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x ha'l u
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S|,j{ | dl- l8 o i Tt^{ Uf..r
pao&u-,t-t ct P h^at e-
supl. & Lto'^ .;fu a gterhLL-tfu +o{*l pl^utr Shr{h
!c-ucro^'er 3 L o' Sd;1{.a,r'n q, -P.^l u^0"0r.{ Cpt; l<)D a
dl- ec^iJg l\crrr-, eO . I 0 0

Ba-!,.", oD +cq elemrer.Ls UceC tn -lt^t k"&barlc netr'oo{F


DSc-tt[c^Uosr Corn be C]egS*, d-g
c ".1
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D( c-ys vtJ esci \\ ",..foq-(-


7or R t- /thnse -f/-,*[ cscil lrrbt-
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fl,,, ht}'

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e A "4'?l-
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r{.h..in br ct,t -9.as iilrr R-P'


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C i kr."r[g -l u.--r -9l-e i \€ r"rL ,fu1 0l c i Lt".h>a
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ngh^CI "tF D ge'. ( P^, 'u^,'e[,? r \,/e fn ,{ b a& ),' e,\c


L r-

a-.J--i r- rrr ct bZ .;'*


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N f''1
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I
Sk;{}- iI )sou'

f,{ +{ f*[ $rutYr b* lx, W 7Se*',-.Fe-u tl^o"^


L,hi FI, -f-tu g,tin ot+* ^h,\pf
SVt "".{}
br-" *0^""n t/b eJ Cq "$,t
79w"^[-tt
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ciLt^toA- usrnT cLn ?DT l,^,lu^,n2 = qoto.]ttl
De
r
"\l = Lrolc&, + o,. {ur,[ baih cij.r,r.u,)-v]xx,,*e tv
p. - t o h-r- -C a_t
& .t-d.
C 4r*_ *L-l l1^d._U,,'.e
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*t D
l}J
d
? /
df LL$
c-> (tYr')2 'l4r
d)r- d*,f- G ,q (rcnal)

= 6=\n F

t\ fr= ho,
'l
IA t- - ^7^ Lt-

(kt l-r fi
{-t =- EllJL
rlv'
2
L
,Ea-Do X t6
fr*'
sl
^ {,t RD,
l\ft /-.r" FD= 1o1c-n-

\:I [:I-' i i :,.i ()i liiiKAGOUDAR,


u.recn.
- _Assistarrt professor
uepr ot Etectronics & Communication
Engg.
hlErP 8,x129E-@
Tn oadu 40 C-ons )-rucl. an DsLitlcu[o-L i(- sLeTuu;,hqy
l*Y"*?
?)ene4a Su)'' a4 R'c, u1 tt & PLL'
S4".c-finqp
R a C e)en enll vttd
U

7n Nu'n brudr* h"


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Tt*a bg; d",,L il bo,"o,ncc1
I "lLa_n
Rr Rs
Ry RY
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DePt' ot
Ele

o-l l-_JA I-o JL c * L in (tt*' u,41*n ll- il


c-k a, Le€'xJ N l-PuIDrK

D TI Ck R. in pa,ta-tttJ )4&n iV if
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No,,a 1-1C C-on3-|:urU- a. b*;dy uo+h L4 R elr.weA-s ot


0
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\
Tt^t B6,.[r"n d n7 Con&i{rr>n ;l
Vv- Z
'kr
U
R3
't *-a4'-' : =fu +Ct
fu4 @_'q
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Tu p,we su{l -lro- Ln'od nul"soS)<
i1 3tp*-,,ro, e,& b "1 la.ry n e-L4zw'fk-
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(
rT osee
ry.:
r
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),u,
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kr <-)rtr+,tl.in 6 *tT "l--

ln= + vron'r nv*-xhn3' ot^hr"l


h-rion
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I-.

Rr

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t

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&'7,ul I tsl,dSe CiYt*'?

R\

extrt n
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4nc{ ts U-ce.l to oat-ntAil,-eu Sn*sot&c"l Osdlt"^l-r)D\ iD +L'tr-


*t
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a^
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poCl- on"l Le^A' - tqq art}'^:o$tc in +u-<--
4"-.lb;";; po.1+, Sd;u R, g X Leruo0 nt[^toil*
d*^'d pqluf.l RrCz nr*ro.j-l< K "rplros-lc
1Le- nt-hro9tl<- '
%
ht )kz osrillq-l-o) ]eelL4enul/t 4L,e l,<ad - tay n*,^to,))c r: du;yrA

bnNlr^V"V o^ptt*l ir(t-:roa.rru Vuo deqtu phut? sxf t-


H<-nrt +!+tq y:ha.st sUlt ahound 4Lt CaF rJ ;-At .

T[q E\p-a Q-8 |D o -{"x -lt^{ !^n-qt"\Ln 4. 51- es c, [cn]-rD D t:


oft,.-;r^,.a *zur,, -+-{ bAtrcLn
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O
Ttt bcanurT cond'L>o ir ;;{-;r-
qRs Rr r
T,
I I
c-1

dr^.A
!*\^Lft? dt- Csci(^lr)ro i\ A"v-{/) b\

+= qrli
J &tRLqcL
l{ (, =Rt = R. M Lt= C)_ =C -lC^r.,

+=N 8c- I

Jn O S. &q-,\ +c> o b Fc-,.j n Suut \- c.,-n e.-l Cscit[c^J-1Dnj +^{-


qq,a a{ +Lt a-nn p L *- ,.r -Sho^l.l b< C tea'\L- ea^A t"3
JI l
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qeJtb
u
bfu'dat otcttl"li'L a! -l^a- ct&'ik
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=(, = BSF1,
l?s z 4lro- , R, = lYt<)>-
l, Llrtt -+lils u hunt' Ost;U^l-( 2
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2
./
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bir* laa
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= 3,lg .> L
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6) Rr= R\ = P .: 33Fa
.r' /'f
r

LrI RL
\

; " 53rn-x o'erlAF


= Ll .B LK1'12
-:'--'

:,- = L ( Lt. eztc tt*) = q,6q \< He


-l
1 -J-
=2flRt =) PC = zl\
__L_
r -4

L+ u, r\D f L!^^.^f L /
L =O'ool e\F.
"' = lL,gFrL
Atu^ e= h, ;;**r++) co'"" lAr)

/v-n- cernpo'-o-n'l-- vatr,aei 6- r-'cejn b'rt -'L'.u


W DLtiTn
Z>:=*
I ol dl'
x ?tA,
T-rle,;'l4ot
^ o t"nn*7
1nnnLLetlu+^,lOgulL^yon3d)'
osut"lftons 4K*"+
AK+u+

Sdln L-€-t' $1 =Q7=?,


Ll=Cz
=cz =
-r C

--+- .t- _J_ Sete-u\- t= t'"t U?


}rr Rt /
-1
K- fff, :
tt't \

zr (ur4 z)(o'ot*r F)
= 3'71 lt n-

Fo-1. Su-g Lou ne J os c\lL^frt n s


VEERAPPA CHIKKAGOUDAR, T.ftdh'
Assistant Profqssor
1.,:r;;t. rrf Elecronics & Communication Engg'
L R,a
R,1

LQ--Q- P"^ = \o\cD, -\.t-\o-D

SaQe-s{. E = 3"t.* \

i613) Frs -+tu rno)n bat.[f osc\ttqgt] Jeg.i"q -lt^a-


e),{,Fe\€-ss tD n =9.-U a) F"t rr<-n t&O {. o SdtLc^-\'t-n n <
b) nct-HDr -dt S""*c,-rned cscrlttcuh-uos
C-o
,

scn
----;---
E*ytr* rDn S- ko1^onn 4. osd[[^[")n s '

")
t c.clt vtelto oxlc + t^: e-^' n bxt
Tt^-* f,-.-"}
lnavQ
$-
os citlc^-.t-o--,\- TS s t^o uc r) bd, '.o , t^ (_ +e^\t8q n
Kr :R, :?, & c4:C1: L'
g, C- Lr
u--lwt4--11€ . .o--f _lI
+ J'- =t

Vo Vo
7t tl

L{-f a
z-l R+
JI^JL
-,/
I tJF(r
j bc C_
--.-o
^^r,l 2r = Rrr*. + q(k) R
)P{
R+ r
ttir,)Rc
JWL
D-
;LD4
=_nJ.-e (r)
LtiLDRL Y-/
usi"T V0lfR%! & v ts i0 I) a r,r-i*e- hl e- ha-u e
U

v+ = Vo2r-
-_--2rtvt
t\ b?-
F.-.d hcaut. ^&-l-ula-Llc* A*^ ffh"r(n

fa= JT=
Vo
I x
w
fi'-
2r17t_ =
z>-
Zttz- L
SLJ,TJ hhJr"'
7 2z-+Ll
_g
b = ttjr^:R C \EER|'Plti*liH:.-?,t:tilil:f-
t
[ :ni' ('1 E\eClronics

L
p.

t+Jvt Qt-
& n (r+)6{t)r*
1t+S>.{i)
[t+j'.rRe-* )w8c
f t+:" RcJ-J i^e L
(t+it"lRc) rxrc
Jt,R. C )ucf(
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1t^3 R L
(-

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b=u_ L^)R L --@
VP
3 r^R.c tJ jt'*J-t Ivt o,rrd Vo,4-l^4-
eLn
fra Lao Vhau^" sh; frP \a"*ln
hpet u^ hl-) crn At \-rc n D!
,,,>B>t -l == c
I

o-\ u**&: \ 1 tlRa:- I


t0=
3u \:EERAPPA CHIKKAGOUDAR,
H.TEil"
Assistant Prcfessor
{ 2r€ =_lRc :lt. or Eieitronics & Comnrunication
Engg'

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