DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
It must take into account the actions of people attempting to trespass or cause destruction.
Security is the degree of protection against danger, loss and criminals. Throughout history,
human have sought to protect their life, property and professions. The busy lifestyle of
people is leading to the necessity of controlling the devices at home remotely and increasing
the necessity of keeping surveillance over their home. Now when everything is available to
us, we can now design something that provides us complete security. The very basic of this
began with the simple alarm system which includes notifying suspicious activities at a very
low cost. The need for security system have rapidly grown from being specialized for high –
risk areas such as banks, companies, governmental institutions), to be available and
demanded rapidly by the average public. Some of the common characteristics of motion
detection alarm and security system as follow 24 hours monitoring, difficult to hack, Ability
to control doors and motion sensor.

The motion sensor used in this work is the pyroelectric device that detects motion by
measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding objects. This motion can be
detected by checking for a high signal on a single I/O pin. Its special features include single
bit output small size which makes it easy to conceal, compatible with all parallax embedded
microcontroller 3.3V& 5V and operation and operation with<100µA current draw. A typical
motion detection alarm and security system should consist of a control panel, Alarm/siren,
Window and door sensor plus at least one motion detector. In addition, some motion
detection alarm and security system can incorporate home automation, smoke detectors and
glass break detector. The main objective of this research work is to design a system that can
sense human movement, buzzes an alarm along with this captures an image of the intruder
which is further compared with the image of owner. In this research work, will designed a
well-organized and intelligent intruder motion detector alarm and security that can sensed
the presence of humanly bodies and notifies this to the owners just immediately. This system
provides a very cost-effective security system that can be placed anywhere in the house with
less maintenance cost.

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Home Based Security Control System using Raspberry Pi and GSM:

Akash V. Bhatkule1, Ulhas B. Shinde2, Shrinivas R. Zanwar

Home security and automation are becoming increasingly prominent features on mobile
devices. The aim of this paper is to design and implement affordable, flexible and fast
monitoring home security system using Raspberry pi with GSM technology. The system is
designed to detect burglary; the image of person is captured by camera and sends to mobile
and email as well as alarm gets on; and leaking in harmful gas, the smoke caused by fire as
such suspicious activity is detected. Also the user can activate all the alarm system while
going outside through the mobile. The messenger has the feasibility of activating and
deactivating the alarm system with the additional control for some home appliances
switching using relays. For controlling, raspberry pi module, GSM technology is used along
with camera, PIR sensor, Vibration sensor, air quality sensor. It is only applicable for
magnetic door lock system.

2. Design and Implementation of Smart Home Security System:

Md. Kamal Hossain 1st , Mohammed Mynuddin 3rd , Prodip Biswas 2nd

And Sayidul Morsalin 4th

All over the world, security has been a major concern in every home. Automated security
systems are a useful addition to today’s home where safety is an important issue. Vision-
based security systems have the advantage of being easy to set up, inexpensive and non-
obtrusive. Here, a security system has been developed that uses sensors to detect any
security violation and sends out the alert signal by high intensity Buzzer. In this paper it has
been ensured three level security systems. NFC tag use, providing Password and PIR motion
sensor. To open the door a person should provide NFC tag and password. If one of them
absence the door will not open. The door will opened by servomotor with a lock coupled in
its shaft. When wrong password is pressed, error text is displayed in the LCD. When an
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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM
authorized person leaves the door, he has to show his tag in the reader. Otherwise the door
will not close. Now if an unwanted man enters the room by password breaking or without
NFC the PIR sensor works .It sounds the buzzer. NFC card reader, PIC 16F877A, Arduino
Uno, PIR sensor is used for this project .So; maximum security will be maintained in home.
This security can be applied not only home but also the place where important document,
file are preserved also the bank vault.

3. Smart Motion Detection System using Raspberry pi:

Priya B. Patel, Viraj M. Choksi, Swapna Jadhav and M.B. Potdar

In surveillance, CCTV camera is costly because of the use of computer. It reserves too much
space for continues recording and also require manpower to detect the unauthorized
Activity. But compared to the existing system Raspberry pi system is much cheaper with
better resolution and low power consumption feature. Here pyroelectric infrared (PIR)
sensors are used as a simple but powerful people presence triggers. This system is suitable
for small personal area surveillance.

i.e. personal office cabin, bank locker room, parking entrance. Whenever the motion is
detected through PIR sensor inside the room the image is captured through camera and
temporarily stored in the raspberry pi module. Internet of things based application can be
used remotely to view the activity and get notifications when motion is detected. System
works standalone without the PC once programmed. One android Application is used to get
the notification on motion detection.

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 3

3.1 HARDWARE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

This section describes briefly the different hardware used in the design as well as the
software algorithm implemented in the embedded microcontroller unit. Fig.3.1. shows a
pictorial description of the proposed motion detection alarm and security system. The core of
the system is an advanced microprocessor unit for the control of the entire system. However,
the unit is equipped with a port for control of an alarm system which is activated in the case
of security violation detected by any of the input devices.

Fig.3.1. Block diagram of the burglar alarm system

3.1.1 MICROCONTROLLER and SENSOR UNIT DESIGN

Fig.3.2. shows the circuit diagram of the entire burglar alarm system with microcontroller IC.
The central controller is the microchip PIC18F2423. The design includes an ICSP inputs for
the programming of the microcontroller which is a connector attached to RB6, RB7 and the
MCLR pin 1 of the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller also accepts input from switch
sensors which can be placed on the hinges of doors or any hidden place for the purpose of
activation of the device. Also included in the design is the PIR connector input for the motion
sensor. The microcontroller is set to operate at 4MHZ by the crystal oscillator and the paired
22pF capacitors. The PORTC0 of the microcontroller is configured to control a relay
attached to the alarm system. The system also contains 5 LED for visual display of actions
performed by the system .The LEDs are powered from PORTB of the microcontroller

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM
system. The entire system receives its power from a 5V regulator circuit built with a
LM7805 IC and filter capacitors. The circuit was implemented into a double-sided printed
circuit board with the component connections on top side.

This section gives a details description and experimental procedure used in this project. The
project was designed to provide a close circuit security using commercially available PIR
sensors and microcontroller for device control. The highlights of the system are long range
pickup and robust coordinating software with a data base containing information about the
user (client) setting.

Fig. 3.1.1: Circuit diagram implemented for the system

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

3.2 SOFTWARE DESIGN CONSIDERATION

The software design for this project was implemented using a CCS C compiler for PIC
microchip. This compiler consists of an optimized C compiler program as well as improved
functions for many microcontroller operations. The flow chart on Figure 5.1 shows the
implantation of the algorithm used in the programming of the microcontroller. The program
on starting initializes the microcontroller unit on boot up. The controller routinely circles
round the sensors polling the inputs for a brake in. If either motion or a brake in switch is
detected this initiate an action for the triggering or activating the alarm system.

At start up the system initializes and then check for activation of the system by the user. If
this switch is set on the system switches to the security mode. First it waits for a time delay
of 60 seconds to allow the house owner to leave before the security mode is activated. At
this point the system is armed and then continues to sample the output of the motion sensor
continuously. It remains in this state as long as no motion is detected. When a motion is
detected the motion sensor sends an interrupt via the interrupt request of the microcontroller
on PORTB0.This information is processed , then the alarm system is activated .The alarm
remains on until the house owner switches it off through the activation switch.

Fig. 3.2.: The flow chats for the program in the embedded
processor

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 4

4.1 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

This section gives a details description and experimental procedure used in this project. The
project was designed to provide a close circuit security using commercially available PIR
sensors and microcontroller for device control. The highlights of the system are long range
pickup and robust coordinating software with a data base containing information about the
user (client) setting. The design was in three main phases: The sensitivity, central processing
and action. The study also utilized developmental design to observe the functionality of the
device. Anti –theft device detected motion from a moving object for those with body
temperature like human being and animal. The processors will receive inputs from a switch
which may be hinged to a door or any hidden place to activate the alarm system. Light
emitting diode was used as an indicator in the design. It is a basic pn- junction diode which
emits light when activated. The design contains five diodes as an indicator.

4.1.1 MOTION SENSOR

Motion sensor or detectors are widely used in security system. It contains a motion sensor
either integrated with or connected to other devices that alert the user of pre-sense of
motion. It typically positioned near exterior doorways or windows of building to monitor the
area around it. Motion sensor offers for protection and security the average homeowner as
well as commercial organizations. The motion sensor used for this work is the pyroelectric
Infrared PIR Motion Sensor Detector Module shown in Fig. 4.1.. The device contains a
special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signal onto the element.

Fig. 4.1.1: the infrared sensor used for this work

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

4.1.2 PICI8F2423 MICROCONTROLLER

In this design the PIC18F2423 microcontroller was used. The PIC18F2423 is a high-
performance enhanced flash, microcontroller from microchip with Nano watt technology.
This microcontroller offers the advantages of all PIC18 microcontrollers- namely, high
computational performance at an economical price with the addition of high-endurance,
Enhanced flash program memory. In addition to these features, the PIC18F2423 introduces
design enhancements that make these microcontrollers a logical choice for many high –
performances, power sensitive applications. The devices incorporate a fully featured serial
Bus communications module that is compliant with the RS232 specification. The module
support both low-speed and full-speed synchronous and data transfer types. It also
incorporates its own on-chip transceiver and 3.3V regulator and supports the use of external
transceivers and voltage regulators. Figure 4.2. shows pin diagram of the DIL package and
the block diagram of the block diagram of the PIC18F2423 family respectively, it consists
of a 32Kbytes flash program memory, 10 channel 12bits A/D channels, 3 bi-directional
ports, one standard capture compare port (CCP) and an enhanced capture port (ECCP).

Fig 4.1.2: The PIC18F2423 Microcontroller used for this work

4.1.3 ALARM SIREN

Electronic sirens incorporate circuits such as oscillator, modulators, and amplifiers to

synthesize a selected siren tone which is played through external speakers. For this project, an
alarm siren Horn Buzzer Speaker was chosen. Figure 4.3shows a typical siren speaker
system. The device is made of fireproof ABS material and operates at a rated voltage: DC
12V power with an output of 15W. The sound Pressure level is 110dB with a time delay of
1s.

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

Fig. 4.1.3: The Alarm/speaker used for this work

4.2 PCB IMPLEMENTATION

The actual translation of the circuit of the burglar alarm system in a printed circuit board
pattern as carried out using Altium PCB software. First the circuit was compiled and check
for errors before the transfer to a PCB layout for onward processing as a PCB file. On the
layout the different component foot points were carefully placed on a dimension of (80X
100mm). The placement was done to ensure the shortest possible distance between related
components. An electrical rules violation check (ERC) was performed on the design and the
placed footprints before processing with the routing. The entire component electrical
connection was then auto routed using the routing component of Altium software Figure 6.1
shows the final PCB layout drawing of the design implemented for a dual layer PCB board.
Figure 6.2 and figure 6.3 shows the 3D image of both layer of the finished PCB design as
derived from the 3D view of the Altium software. The actual implementation of the PCB
design was achieved using the tonner.

Fig.4.2: The PCB design of the module

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

Fig. 4.2.1: The 3D top view of the finished design

Fig. 4.2.3: showing the 3D bottom view of the finished design

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 5

CONSTRUCTED DEVICE

The physical implementation of the design was carried out on the manufactured PCB
boards using mainly surface mounted components. The component was then soldered
into the respective component slots using a 30W soldering iron. Figure7.1 shows the
completed project with the PIR motion and siren speaker system in place.

Fig. 5.1: The completed work with the PIR motion Sensor and siren speaker system
under test.

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 6

TESTING AND RESULT

Initial testing of the board was carried out using continuity meter to ensure all short circuit
fault are properly cleared. The sensory circuitry was tested to ascertain the level of
sensitivity as expected. In the connection each component on the PCB was then tested. The
implemented design was initially tested on an open area after construction and the system
performed as expected. The device was further installing in a household to determine how
effective the device can detect an intruder. The test result shows that both the braking
switches attached to the door hinges and the motion sensors perform adequately as expected.

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 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

The developed motion detection alarm and security system gives good response to the
motion sensor when it detects intrusion at the windows or doors the test result shows that
both the braking switches attached to the door hinges and the motion sensors performed
adequately as expected. The entire decision making was carried out with the aid of a
PICI8F2423 microcontroller. One of the main features of the design it is built with a time
delay of 60 seconds to allow the house owner to leave before security mode is activated.
This work is useful in the area of security usage, Industries and in automation.

FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS

The future implementations of the project are great considering the amount of time and
resources it saves. This system can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to
be implemented in other project of greater level including audio –visual cameral by sending
the captured image to an e-mail instantly.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

REFERENCES

[1] B.P.Urbana , and G.G.Modi, “ Domestic Intruder”, System .Indian Journal of

Computer and Engineering., Vol.2, PP.506-515, Sept.2011.
[2] A. Upasana , B.Manisha,, G. Mohini,, and K .Pradnya,” Real Time Security Using
Human Motion Detection,” International Journal of Computer Science and
Mobile Computing. ,Vol. 4,PP 245-250, Nov. 2015
[3] P.B. Patel,V.M Choksi, S.J adhav, and M.B Potdar,” Smart Motion Detection
Using Raspberry Pi” .International Journal of Applied Information Systems. ,Vol.
10, PP37-40, Feb.2016
[4] M.J Charadva,, R. V Sejpal , and N .P Sarwade,“of Motion Detection Method for
Smart HomeSystem”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
Engineering.,Vol. 1, PP. 148-151, June.2014
[5] S.S.Kapre, S.S.Salunkhe, R.M.Thakkar , A.P.Pawar,and O.A. Malusare ” Advanced
Security Guard with PIR sensor for Commercial andResidential use”.
International Journal for Advance Research in Engineering and Technology.,Vol.2
, PP.29-34,Nov.2014.
[6] R.Dellosa,” Development of an Anti- Theft Device using Motion Detection and
Body Temperature”. Asian Pacific Journal ofMultidisciplinary Research., Vol. 2,
PP.121-124,Dec.2014.
[7] P.Kharat, and J. Kharat ,”Wireless Intrusion Detection System Using Wireless
Sensor Network:A Conceptual Frame”. International Journal of Electronics and
Electrical Engineering.,Vol. 2,PP.8084,June.2014.
[8] J. Bangali , and A. Shaligram, (2013). Design and Implementation of Security
System for Smart Home based on GSM technology.International Journal of
SmartHome. Vol.7 , PP.201-208, Dec.2013.
[9] D.Frejlichowski.,K. Gosciewska , P.Forczmanski, and R. Hofman
,”SmartMonitor-An Intelligent Security System for the Protectionof Individuals
and Small Properties with the Possibility of Home Automation”. Open Access
Sensors.,Vol. doi:10.339, PP .9923-9948, May.2014.

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DEPT. OF ECE - 15- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

DEPT. OF ECE - 16- MIT MYSORE

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DEPT. OF ECE - 17- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

DEPT. OF ECE - 18- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

DEPT. OF ECE - 19- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

DEPT. OF ECE - 20- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

DEPT. OF ECE - 21- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND SECURITY SYSTEM

DEPT. OF ECE - 22- MIT MYSORE

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND
SECURITY SYSTEM

REFERENCES

[10] B.P.Urbana , and G.G.Modi, “ Domestic Intruder”, System .Indian Journal of

Computer and Engineering., Vol.2, PP.506-515, Sept.2011.
[11] A. Upasana , B.Manisha,, G. Mohini,, and K .Pradnya,” Real Time Security Using
Human Motion Detection,” International Journal of Computer Science and
Mobile Computing. ,Vol. 4,PP 245-250, Nov. 2015
[12] P.B. Patel,V.M Choksi, S.J adhav, and M.B Potdar,” Smart Motion Detection
Using Raspberry Pi” .International Journal of Applied Information Systems.
,Vol. 10, PP37-40, Feb.2016
[13] M.J Charadva,, R. V Sejpal , and N .P Sarwade,“of Motion Detection Method
for Smart HomeSystem”. International Journal of Innovative Research in
Advanced Engineering.,Vol. 1, PP. 148-151, June.2014
[14] S.S.Kapre, S.S.Salunkhe, R.M.Thakkar , A.P.Pawar,and O.A. Malusare ”
Advanced Security Guard with PIR sensor for Commercial andResidential
use”. International Journal for Advance Research in Engineering and
Technology.,Vol.2
, PP.29-34,Nov.2014.
[15] R.Dellosa,” Development of an Anti- Theft Device using Motion Detection and
Body Temperature”. Asian Pacific Journal ofMultidisciplinary Research., Vol.
2, PP.121-124,Dec.2014.
[16] P.Kharat, and J. Kharat ,”Wireless Intrusion Detection System Using Wireless
Sensor Network:A Conceptual Frame”. International Journal of Electronics
and Electrical Engineering.,Vol. 2,PP.8084,June.2014.
[17] J. Bangali , and A. Shaligram, (2013). Design and Implementation of Security
System for Smart Home based on GSM technology.International Journal of
SmartHome. Vol.7 , PP.201-208, Dec.2013.
[18] D.Frejlichowski.,K. Gosciewska , P.Forczmanski, and R. Hofman
,”SmartMonitor-An Intelligent Security System for the Protectionof
Individuals and Small Properties with the Possibility of Home Automation”.
Open Access Sensors.,Vol. doi:10.339, PP .9923-9948, May.2014.
[19] G.M.Joseph, E.L.Nwankwo, O.M.Eniola , and C.D.Eneh,”Design of a Real –Time
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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOTION DETECTION ALARM AND
SECURITY SYSTEM

Microcontroller based GSM-Embedded Intrusion Security

System”.International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research., Vol.6 ,
PP. 232-241, Dec. 2015.

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