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    Lecture 3

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    mostafa
    The document outlines the topics to be covered in a 12-week calculus course, including functions of several variables, limits, partial derivatives, chain rules, directional derivatives, extrema, double and triple integrals, vector fields, line integrals, Green's theorem, and surface integrals. The following pages provide examples and definitions related to chain rules for partial derivatives and differentials for approximating changes.

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    Lecture 3

    Uploaded by

    mostafa
    49 views12 pages
    The document outlines the topics to be covered in a 12-week calculus course, including functions of several variables, limits, partial derivatives, chain rules, directional derivatives, extrema, double and triple integrals, vector fields, line integrals, Green's theorem, and surface integrals. The following pages provide examples and definitions related to chain rules for partial derivatives and differentials for approximating changes.

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    The document outlines the topics to be covered in a 12-week calculus course, including functions of several variables, limits, partial derivatives, chain rules, directional derivatives, extrema, double and triple integrals, vector fields, line integrals, Green's theorem, and surface integrals. The following pages provide examples and definitions related to chain rules for partial derivatives and differentials for approximating changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views12 pages

    Lecture 3

    Uploaded by

    mostafa
    The document outlines the topics to be covered in a 12-week calculus course, including functions of several variables, limits, partial derivatives, chain rules, directional derivatives, extrema, double and triple integrals, vector fields, line integrals, Green's theorem, and surface integrals. The following pages provide examples and definitions related to chain rules for partial derivatives and differentials for approximating changes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Schedule

    week Date Topic


    1 4 Oct. 09 Functions of Several Variables
    2 11 Oct. 09 Limits and Partial Derivatives
    3 18 Oct. 09 Chain rules and Increments
    4 25 Oct. 09 Directional Derivatives ,Tangent Plans and
    Normal Lines
    5 1 Nov. 09 Extrema
    6 8 Nov. 09 Double integrals and Applications

    7 15 Nov. 09 Double integrals and Applications (cont.)

    8 22 Nov. 09 Triple Integrals

    9 6 Dec. 09 Vector Fields and line Integrals


    10 13 Dec. 09 Green's Theorem
    11 20 Dec. 09 Surface Integrals
    12 3 Jan. 10 Revision Period
    Chain Rules
      x
     u 
      y
    w  w
     v  x
     
      y if w  w(u , v) and u  u ( x, y ), v  v( x, y )
    w w u w v
      ,
    x u x v x
    w w u w v
     
    y u y v y
    Chain Rules cont.
    if w  w(u , v, r ) and u  u ( x, y, z ), v  v( x, y, z ),
    r  r ( x, y , z )
    w w u w v w r
       ,
    x u x v x r x
    w w u w v w r
      
    y u y v y r y
    w w u w v w r
      
    z u z v z r z
    Example 1:
    2 2 1 2 2 w w
    If w  u v , u  tan (x  1), v  x  y find ,
    x y
    Solution:
    w u 1 v
     2u   2x
    u x 1  (1  x ) 2 x
    w u v
     2v 0  2y
    v y y
    then
    w  1  2u
     2u  2 
     2v  2x    4vx
    x  1  (1  x )  1  (1  x ) 2

    w
     2u  0   2v  2 y   4vy
    y
    Increment of f(x,y)

    w  f ( x, y )

    ( x, y )  ( x  x, y  y )

    f ( x, y )  f ( x  x, y  y )

    increment w  f ( x  x, y  y )  f ( x, y )
    Example 2
    Let w  f ( x, y)  3x 2  yx.
    a) Find w in terms of x and .y

    b) Calculate the change in w when ( x, y ) change from


    (1,2) to (1.01,1.98).
    Solution
    a) f ( x  x, y  y )  3( x  x) 2  ( y  y )( x  x).
    w  f ( x  x, y  y )  f ( x, y )

     3( x  x) 2  ( y  y )( x  x)   3x 2  yx 
     
     (6 x  y )x  xy  3(x) 2  (x)(y )
    w  ( f x )x  f y y  3(x) 2  (x)(y )
    b) ) from Change (1,2) to(1.01,1.98)

    x  1, y  2, x  0.01, y  0.02  w  ...


    Definition:
    Let w  f ( x, y, z ) and let x, y, and z be increments of x,
    y ,z, respectively.
    (i) The differentials dx, dy, and dz of the independent
    variables x, y , and z are
    dx  x, dy  y, dz  z.
    (ii) The differential dwof the independent variables w
    is
    w w w
    w  dw  dx  dy  dz
    x y z
    Example 3
    The radius and altitude of a right circular cylinder are
    measured as 3in and 8in, respectively, with possible error in
    measurement of ±0.05in. Use differentials to approximate the
    maximum error in the calculated volume of the cylinder.
    solution
    v  r h
    2

    v v
    v  dv  dr  dh
    r h
     2rhdr  r dh, ,
    2

    r  3, h  8, dr  dh  0.05
    v  dv  2 (3)(8)(0.05)  2 (32 )(0.05)  ...
    Example 4:
    Suppose the dimensions (in inches) of a rectangular box
    change from 9, 6, 4 to 9.02, 5.97 and 4.01, respectively.
    (a) Use differentials to approximate the change in volume.
    (b) Find the exact change in volume.
    solution
    a )v  xyz
    v v v
    v  dv  dx  dy  dz
    x y z
     yzdx  xzdy  xydz
    x  9, y  6, z  4, dx  0.02, dy  0.03, dz  0.01
    v  dv  ...
    b)v  (9.02)(5.97)(4.01)  (9)(6)(4)  ...

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