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    Laboratory Wares Learning Objectives: Precautions

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    Fikri
    1. Laboratory glassware and plastic wares are important tools in medical laboratories. Glassware is typically made of borosilicate glass, which is resistant to chemicals and withstands temperature changes and mechanical stress better than soda lime glass. 2. Pipettes, volumetric flasks, cylinders and burettes are used to precisely measure liquid volumes and are key volumetric lab wares. Pipettes deliver predetermined liquid volumes accurately while burettes are used to measure variable volumes for titrations. 3. Plastic lab wares are made from polymers like polyethylene and are chemically inert but can leach substances. They require gentle cleaning with warm detergent and water followed by rinsing

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    Laboratory Wares Learning Objectives: Precautions

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    Fikri
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    1. Laboratory glassware and plastic wares are important tools in medical laboratories. Glassware is typically made of borosilicate glass, which is resistant to chemicals and withstands temperature changes and mechanical stress better than soda lime glass. 2. Pipettes, volumetric flasks, cylinders and burettes are used to precisely measure liquid volumes and are key volumetric lab wares. Pipettes deliver predetermined liquid volumes accurately while burettes are used to measure variable volumes for titrations. 3. Plastic lab wares are made from polymers like polyethylene and are chemically inert but can leach substances. They require gentle cleaning with warm detergent and water followed by rinsing

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    Laboratory Wares

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    1. Laboratory glassware and plastic wares are important tools in medical laboratories. Glassware is typically made of borosilicate glass, which is resistant to chemicals and withstands temperature changes and mechanical stress better than soda lime glass. 2. Pipettes, volumetric flasks, cylinders and burettes are used to precisely measure liquid volumes and are key volumetric lab wares. Pipettes deliver predetermined liquid volumes accurately while burettes are used to measure variable volumes for titrations. 3. Plastic lab wares are made from polymers like polyethylene and are chemically inert but can leach substances. They require gentle cleaning with warm detergent and water followed by rinsing

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    120 views2 pages

    Laboratory Wares Learning Objectives: Precautions

    Uploaded by

    Fikri
    1. Laboratory glassware and plastic wares are important tools in medical laboratories. Glassware is typically made of borosilicate glass, which is resistant to chemicals and withstands temperature changes and mechanical stress better than soda lime glass. 2. Pipettes, volumetric flasks, cylinders and burettes are used to precisely measure liquid volumes and are key volumetric lab wares. Pipettes deliver predetermined liquid volumes accurately while burettes are used to measure variable volumes for titrations. 3. Plastic lab wares are made from polymers like polyethylene and are chemically inert but can leach substances. They require gentle cleaning with warm detergent and water followed by rinsing

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    LABORATORY WARES

    Learning objectives

    At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:

    1. State the different laboratory wares in English

    2. Describe the use of laboratory wares In English

    3. Explain the general cleaning and care of laboratory wares in English

    1. Laboratory Glass Wares

    Laboratory glassware and plastic wares are widely used in medical laboratories. Glassware are usually
    manufactured from boro-silicate glass. Boro - silicate glass is a material with the following defined
    characteristics:

    a. Resistant to the action of chemical with the exception of hydrofluoric and phosphoric acid,
    b. Made to withstand mechanical breakage,
    c. Made to withstand sudden change of temperature.

    Glassware produced from the soda lime type of glass does not fit the above requirements and is easily
    broken by mechanical stress produced by a sudden change of temperature. The high proportion of boro
    – silicate increases the chemical durability of the glassware.

    Precautions

    1) All glassware must be handled carefully.


    2) Breakage can sometimes be dangerous and may result in the loss of valuable and irreplaceable
    materials.
    3) Flasks and beakers should be placed on a gauze mat when they are heated over a Bunsen flame.
    Gauze mat is made from asbestos and its function is to distribute the heat evenly.
    4) Test tubes exposed to a naked flame should be made of heat resistant glasses.
    5) If liquids are to be heated in a bath or boiling water, the glass contents should be heat resistant.
    N.B: Sudden cooling of hot glass should be avoided.
    6) When diluting concentrated acids, thin walled glassware should be used since the heat evolved
    by the procedure often cracks thick glassware. Examples:- hydrochloric and sulfuric acid.
    7) Heat- expansion is liable to crack bottles if their caps are screwed on tightly so if heat is to be
    applied, flasks should not be tightly clamped.
    8) Containers and their corresponding ground glass stoppers should be numbered in order to
    ensure direct matching when stoppers are replaced.
    9) Because of the danger of chemical and bacteriological contamination, pipettes should never be
    left lying on the bench.

    1. Volumetric Wares

    Volumetric wares are apparatus used for the measurement of liquid volume. They can be made
    from either glass or plastic wares such as pipettes, volumetric flasks, cylinders and burettes.

    2. Pipettes

    There are several types each having its own advantages and limitations. Pipettes are designated as
    class “A” or “B” according to their accuracy. Class “A” pipettes are the most accurate and the tolerance
    limits are well defined that is, + 0.01, + 0.02 and 0.04 ml for 2, 25, and 50 ml pipettes respectively. Class
    “B” pipettes are less accurate but quite satisfactory for most general laboratory purposes. Significant
    errors will result if the temperature of the liquid pipetted is widely different from the temperature of
    calibration. The usual temperature of calibration is 20oC and this is marked on the pipette.
    3. Volumetric pipettes

    Volumetric pipettes are calibrated to deliver a constant volume of liquid. The most commonly used
    sizes are 1, 5, and 10ml capacities. Less frequently used sizes are those which deliver 6, 8,12, and so on
    ml. They should be used when a high degree of accuracy is desired.

    4. Measuring pipettes

    Measuring pipettes consist of a glass tube of uniform bore with marks evenly spaced along the
    length. The interval between the calibration marks depends up on the size of the pipette. The
    classification of pipettes may not always be based on the presence or absence of a bulb and etched ring.
    These pipettes are intended for the delivery of predetermined volumes.

    5. Burettes

    Burettes are used for measuring variable quantities of liquid that are used in volumetric titrations.
    They are made in capacities from 1to100 milliliters. They are long graduated tubes of uniform bore and
    are closed at the lower end by means of a glass stopper, which should be lightly greased for smooth
    rotation.

    Read the article above and answer the following questions !


    1. Why Laboratory glasswares are usually manufactured from Boro - silicate glass ?
    2. How do you handle the lab glassware in order not to be broken down?
    3. Explain how to use Volumetric Wares !
    4. What are pipettes ? What are they for ?
    5. What is burette ? what is it for ?

    Plastic wares
    Plastic wares are usually manufactured from polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene and
    TEFLON. These plastics are chemically inert and unaffected by acid /alkali. Plastic wares are durable and
    suitable to store alkaline solutions. However, surface bound may be leached to the solution, absorb dyes
    and proteins.

    1. Cleaning of plastic wares

    After each use Laboratory plastic wares should be immediately soaked in water or if contaminated,
    soaked overnight in a suitable disinfectant such as 0.5% w/v sodium hypochlorite or bleach. Most plastic
    ware is best clean in a warm detergent solution, followed by at least two rinses in clean water, and
    ideally a final rinse in distilled water. The articles should then be left to drain and dry naturally or dried
    in a hot air oven, set at a temperature the plastic can withstand. A brush or harsh abrasive cleaner
    should not be used on plastic ware. Stains or precipitates best removed using dilute nitric acid or 3% v/v
    acid alcohol.

    Question : discuss how to clean plastic wares.

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