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IOT Based Patient Monitoring System: Pranali Pashte, Vinanti Pathare, Sandnya Patil, Athira Pillai, Payel Thakur

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IOT Based Patient Monitoring System

Pranali Pashte #1, Vinanti Pathare #2, Sandnya Patil #3, Athira Pillai #4, Payel Thakur*5
#
B.E. Student, Department of Computer Engineering, Pillai College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India
*
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Pillai College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India

Abstract--- Keeping track of patient’s monitoring health A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart
without compromising their convenience. Even by staying monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder,
at home, the patients and care providers can track
individual health in real time mode with the use of health an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver
monitoring system. This system keeps records of the when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made
patient’s pulse rate, temperature and sends an email/SMS object that can be assigned an IP address and is able to
alert. The data is recorded over Thingspeak and Google transfer data over a network.Increasingly, organizations in a
sheets for monitoring patient’s health. It is beneficial for variety of industries are using IoT to operate more efficiently,
patients with long term conditions and elderly people.
better understand customers to deliver enhanced customer
service, improve decision-making and increase the value of
I. INTRODUCTION the business.[3]
Health monitoring is the major problem in today’s world.
Due to lack of proper health monitoring, patient suffer from
serious health issues. There are lots of IoT devices now days B. Pulse Rate Sensor
to monitor the health of a patient over internet. Health experts Pulse Sensor is a well-designed plug-and-play heart-rate
are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keep an sensor for Arduino. The sensor clips onto a fingertip or
eye on their patients. Wireless technology is ruling earlobe and plugs right into Arduino. It also includes an open-
worldwide and has invaded the medical area with wide range source monitoring app that graphs your pulse in real time.The
of scope and capabilities. With tons of new healthcare front of the sensor is the covered with the Heart shape logo.
technology startups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the This is the side that makes contact with the skin. On the front
healthcare industry.[1] you see a small round hole, which is where the LED shines
During treatment, it is highly important to continuously through from the back, and there is also a little square just
monitor the vital psychological signs of the patient. under the LED. The square is an ambient light sensor, to
Therefore, patient monitoring systems has always been adjust the screen brightness in different light conditions. The
occupying a very important role in the field of medical LED shines light into the fingertip or earlobe, or other
devices. The continuous system not only helps us transmit the capillary tissue, and sensor reads the amount of light that
psychological signs but also simplifies the measurement and bounces back. That’s how it calculates the heart rate. The
as a result raises the monitoring efficiency.[2] other side of the sensor is where the rest of the parts are
The objective of this project is to create an Iot based system mounted.[1]
which can monitor the patient's health continuously .This will
help the professionals to keep an eye on the patient’s health.
The NodeMCU used provides an internet connectivity
through which the patient’s data will be stored into an Iot
platform thereby ensuring easy accessibility. A panic button
is used to alert the professionals as well as the relatives about
the immediate situation of the patient.

II. OVERVIEW
A. IOT
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated Fig 2.1.1 Pulse rate sensor [5]
computing devices, mechanical and digital machines,
objects, animals or people that are provided with unique C. DHT11 Temperature Sensor
identifiers (UIDs ) and the ability to transfer data over a
The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to- humidity sensor.The DHT sensors are made of two parts, a
computer interaction. [3] capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor.It has 4 pins as
shown in the fig.1.It measures relative humidity. Relative the data pin of dht sensor is connected with D1 pin of
humidity is the amount of water vapor in air vs. the saturation nodemcu for serial communication. Both the readings are
point of water vapor in air. At the saturation point, water stored in thingspeak where it is represented graphically.
vapor starts to condense and accumulate on surfaces forming
dew. There is also a very basic chip inside that does some
analog to digital conversion and spits out a digital signal with
the temperature and humidity. The digital signal is fairly easy
to read using any microcontroller.[6]

Fig 2.2.1 Connection Diagram [10]

Fig 2.1.2 DHT11 Temoerature Sensor [6]


The software and hardware requirements for this project are
as follows:
A. NodeMC
Hardware Requirements Software Requirements
NodeMCU is an open source LUA based firmware
DHT temperature sensor Arduino IDE
developed for ESP8266 wifi chip. By exploring functionality
with ESP8266 chip, NodeMCU firmware comes with Pulse rate sensor Thingspeak API
ESP8266 Development board/kit i.e. NodeMCU
Development board. Since NodeMCU is open source Panic button Google sheets
platform, their hardware design is open for
edit/modify/build.[7] 10k Resistor
NodeMCU Dev Kit/board consist of ESP8266 wifi enabled Male-female wires
chip. The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip developed by
Espressif Systems with TCP/IP protocol.[7] Breadboard
Table 2.2.1 Requirement Table
III. CONFIGURING THINGSPEAK TO RECORD PATIENT
DATA ONLINE Connections:
By using ThingSpeak site, we can monitor our data and
NodeMCU pins Connected to
control our system over the Internet, using the Channels and
webpages provided by ThingSpeak. 3V3 Vcc of Pulse sensor
ThingSpeak ‘Collects’ the data from the sensors, ‘Analyze GND GND of Pulse sensor
and Visualize’ the data and ‘Acts’ by triggering a reaction.
A0 Signal of Pulse sensor
We will use ThingSpeak to monitor patient heartbeat and
temperature online using internet. We will also use IFTTT GND DHT GND
platform to connect ThingSpeak to email/message service so D1 DHT Data pin
that alert message can be sent whenever the patient is in 3V3 DHT Vcc pin
critical state.[8]
3V3 Panic button 4
A. Hardware design overview D2 Panic button 2
In this system, the pulse sensor is connected to the analog pin Table 2.2.2 Connections Table
of nodemcu. The pulse sensor on detecting heartbeat
generates an analog voltage output on A0 pin of
nodemcu.The temperature sensor provides a digital output, so
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The data stored on the thingspeak will be represented in the REFERENCES
following form: [1] Circuitdigest.com, 'IoT Based Patient Monitoring System using
ESP8266 and Arduino'. [Online].Available:
https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/iot-based-
patient-monitoring-system-using-esp8266-and-arduino
[2] Reddy, Slideshare.net, 'Patient Monitoring System'.
[Online].Available:
https://www.slideshare.net/sunireddy7/patient-monitoring-
system
[3] IoT Agenda, 'What is Internet of things(Iot)?'.
[Online].Available:
https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet
- of-Things-IoT
[4] Components101.com, 'Pulse sensor pinout'. [Online].Available:
https://components101.com/sensors/pulse-sensor
[5] Adafruit Industries, Adafruit.com, 'DHT11 basic temperature-
humidity sensor'. [Online].Available:
https://www.adafruit.com/product/386
[6] ElectronicWings.com, 'Introduction to NodeMCU'.
[Online].Available:
https://www.electronicwings.com/nodemcu/introduction-to-
nodemcu
[7] En.wikipedia.org, 'Arduino IDE'. [Online].Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino_IDE
[8] Basamma B, electrosome.com, 'IoT temperature data logger
using ESP 8266 and LM35'. [Online].Available:
https://electrosome.com/iot-temperature-data-logger-esp8266-
lm35/
[9] Interface Server, 'DHT11 DHT22 w/ ESP8266 NodeMCU'.
[Online].Available:
https://lastminuteengineers.com/esp8266-dht11-dht22-web-
server-tutorial/

Fig 3.1 Result Graph

The above graphs depicts the pulse rate & temperature values
respectively. This data will be scrutinized by the
professionals to evaluate the patient’s condition. These
graphs will be continuously generated over thingspeak
making it easier to visualize the given data.

V. CONCLUSION
The patient monitoring system using nodeMCU is developed
to make the process of monitoring the patient’s vital easier
for the professionals. NodeMCU provides connectivity to the
IoT platform so as to make the patient details available
online. The doctors can keep an eye on the patient using this
technology. The system measures the pulse rate & body
temperature of the patient.A panic button is provided which
will alert the relatives & the concerned professional about
any emergency situation. In this way, the patient monitoring
system provides an efficient medium to keep the patient’s
health under control.

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