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    Heterocyclic Compounds

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    shri
    Heterocyclic chemistry is an important branch of organic chemistry accounting for nearly one-third of modern publications. Heterocyclic compounds contain at least one non-carbon atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in a cyclic molecular structure. Five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles like triazoles are important structural motifs found in many biologically active compounds. Triazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms. Triazoles exist in two tautomeric forms and can be synthesized through reactions like the Pellizzari reaction or Einhorn-Brunner reaction. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives show a wide range of pharmacological activities including antib

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    Heterocyclic Compounds

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    shri
    248 views1 page
    Heterocyclic chemistry is an important branch of organic chemistry accounting for nearly one-third of modern publications. Heterocyclic compounds contain at least one non-carbon atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in a cyclic molecular structure. Five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles like triazoles are important structural motifs found in many biologically active compounds. Triazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms. Triazoles exist in two tautomeric forms and can be synthesized through reactions like the Pellizzari reaction or Einhorn-Brunner reaction. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives show a wide range of pharmacological activities including antib

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    triazole synthesis

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    Heterocyclic chemistry is an important branch of organic chemistry accounting for nearly one-third of modern publications. Heterocyclic compounds contain at least one non-carbon atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in a cyclic molecular structure. Five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles like triazoles are important structural motifs found in many biologically active compounds. Triazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms. Triazoles exist in two tautomeric forms and can be synthesized through reactions like the Pellizzari reaction or Einhorn-Brunner reaction. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives show a wide range of pharmacological activities including antib

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    248 views1 page

    Heterocyclic Compounds

    Uploaded by

    shri
    Heterocyclic chemistry is an important branch of organic chemistry accounting for nearly one-third of modern publications. Heterocyclic compounds contain at least one non-carbon atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in a cyclic molecular structure. Five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles like triazoles are important structural motifs found in many biologically active compounds. Triazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms. Triazoles exist in two tautomeric forms and can be synthesized through reactions like the Pellizzari reaction or Einhorn-Brunner reaction. 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives show a wide range of pharmacological activities including antib

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Heterocyclic chemistry

    The history of hetero-cycles began its journey in the early nineteenth century when Luigi Brugnatelli first isolated
    the heterocyclic compound alloxan (2,4,5,6-pyrimidinetetrone) in 18181. It is a very important branch of organic
    chemistry accounting for nearly one-third of modern publications. In fact two thirds of organic compounds are
    heterocyclic compounds. A cyclic organic compound having all carbon atoms in ring formation is referred to as
    carbocyclic compound. If at least one atom other than carbon forms a part of the ring system then it is
    designated as a heterocyclic compound. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur are the common heteroatoms but
    heterocyclic rings containing other hetero atoms are also widely known 2.There is significant and continuous
    concern in the chemistry of five-membered N-heterocyclic compounds, mainly tetrazole, triazoles, and their
    substituted derivatives. Five-membered Nheterocyclic compounds are important structural fragments and
    considered as biologically active compounds. In 1885, Bladin was the first scientist who gave the name triazole to
    the carbon nitrogen ring system3.
    Triazole
    Triazole, also known as pyrrodiazole, is one of the classes of organic heterocyclic compounds containing a five
    membered diunsaturated ring structure composed of three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms at non-adjacent
    positions.

    Tautomers of 1,2,4-triazoles
    1,2,4-triazoles exists in two tautomeric forms. 1H and 4H-1,2,4- triazole is considered to be pharma- cologically
    important nucleus

    4.
    Methods of synthesis
    Pellizzari Reaction
    The synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives by the mixture of amide and acyl hydrazide is generally referred to as
    the Pellizzari Reaction . It has been reported that heating the mixture of formamide and hydrazine hydrochloride
    with KOH yield of 1,2,4-triazole. For example benzamide and benzoyl hydrazide gave 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole

    Einhorn- Brunner Reaction


    The synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles by condensation between hydrazines or mono substituted hydrazine and
    diacylamines in the presence of weak acid is known as the Einhorn–Brunner reaction. For example: N-formyl
    benzamide and phenyl hydrazine gave 1,5-diphenyl- 1,2,4-triazole .

    Pharmacological activities of 1,2,4- triazole derivatives


    1,2,4-Triazole and its derivatives possess widely differing activities e.g. antibacterial 7-14, antifungal 15,16,
    anticancer17-25, antituberculer , anti-inflammatory29,30, analgesic31, antiviral32,33, anti-nociceptive34-36, anti-
    convulsant37-40, anti-corrosive41, antihelmentic, antioxidant43-47, urease & lipase inhibitors48, hypoglycaemic49,anti-
    migraine, anti-proliferative, sedative, diuretic, muscle relaxant and anti- HIV .

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