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    Atoms Ions Isotopes Teacher Notes

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    Ahmad Johns
    An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms become ions when they gain or lose electrons, resulting in an imbalance of charges. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, giving them different masses. Examples are given of hydrogen isotopes protium, deuterium, and tritium which only differ in their number of neutrons.

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    Atoms Ions Isotopes Teacher Notes

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Johns
    107 views4 pages
    An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms become ions when they gain or lose electrons, resulting in an imbalance of charges. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, giving them different masses. Examples are given of hydrogen isotopes protium, deuterium, and tritium which only differ in their number of neutrons.

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    Notes for Chemistry

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    An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms become ions when they gain or lose electrons, resulting in an imbalance of charges. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, giving them different masses. Examples are given of hydrogen isotopes protium, deuterium, and tritium which only differ in their number of neutrons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    107 views4 pages

    Atoms Ions Isotopes Teacher Notes

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Johns
    An atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms become ions when they gain or lose electrons, resulting in an imbalance of charges. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, giving them different masses. Examples are given of hydrogen isotopes protium, deuterium, and tritium which only differ in their number of neutrons.

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    Atoms, Ions, Isotopes

    Atoms
    An atom is the smallest recognizable part of an element
    containing protons (positively charged particles), neutrons
    (neutral particles), and electrons (negatively charged
    particles). Atoms are electrically neutral because they are
    composed of an equal number of protons and electrons. A
    nuclear symbol of an atom includes the chemical symbol,
    the mass number (protons + neutrons), and the atomic
    number (number of protons). Below is an example of a
    nuclear symbol.

    Atomic numbers and atomic weight (mass numbers) for all


    atoms can be found on a periodic table.
    Ions
    An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons. In non-
    nuclear chemistry an atom never gains or loses a proton; only
    the number of electrons is affected during chemical reactions.
    The following shows how a hydrogen ion is formed. The image
    on the left is a hydrogen atom; therefore containing an equal
    number of protons and electrons. The atom on the right has
    lost its electron (usually to another atom during a chemical
    reaction); it is now an ion, and not an atom, because there is
    no longer an equal number of protons and electrons. The
    result is a charge imbalance known as a hydrogen ion. (H1+)

    Hydrogen Atom Hydrogen Ion


    (H) ( H1+ )

    Now let's look at how a positive ion of beryllium is formed.


    Below, on the left, is a neutral atom of beryllium containing four
    protons and five neutrons. Circling the nucleus are four
    electrons. On the right, the atom has lost two electrons. The
    resulting ion still has four protons in the nucleus but contains
    only two electrons. There are now two more positive than
    negative charges; therefore the ion has an overall charge of 2+.
    (Be2+)
    Beryllium Atom
    ( Be ) Beryllium Ion
    ( Be 2+ )

    A negative ion is formed in a similar way. Below, on the left, is


    an image of a neutral fluorine atom containing nine protons,
    nine electrons, and ten neutrons. When fluorine enters into a
    compound, it picks up an electron from the atom it bonds with.
    The resulting ion, called a fluoride ion, contains ten electrons
    and nine protons, with an overall charge of 1- (F1-)

    Isotopes Fluoride Ion


    Fluorine Atom
    (F) ( F1- )
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different
    numbers of neutrons and thus have different masses. Below
    are drawings of the three naturally occurring isotopes of
    hydrogen; note that they differ only in the number of neutrons
    contained in their nucleus.

     The isotope in Fig. 1 contains only one particle in its


    nucleus: this isotope has a mass of one atomic mass unit
    and is known as protium.

     Fig. 2 shows a rare isotope of hydrogen. Its nucleus


    contains two particles (a proton and a neutron) and has a
    mass of two atomic mass units. It is known as deuterium.

     Figure 3 depicts an isotope known as tritium. The nucleus


    contains three particles (one proton and two neutrons) and
    has an overall mass of three atomic mass units.

     An isotope’s name is written using its element name and


    its mass. Look at Figures 1-3 below.

    Hydrogen – 1 Hydrogen – 2 Hydrogen - 3

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