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    Conclusions

    Uploaded by

    Jack Stone
    The document discusses several aspects of controlling crystal morphology through crystallization processes. It states that supersaturation is the main parameter that determines crystal growth and nucleation rates, and controlling supersaturation levels through desupersaturation rates is essential to controlling crystalline product properties. The document also notes that crystal morphology can be controlled by the choice of solvent systems or adding chemicals, and that both experimental and computational modeling methods can be used to test solvents and additives. Plug flow crystallization with recycling of mother liquor has been shown to increase yields.

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    Conclusions

    Uploaded by

    Jack Stone
    73 views3 pages
    The document discusses several aspects of controlling crystal morphology through crystallization processes. It states that supersaturation is the main parameter that determines crystal growth and nucleation rates, and controlling supersaturation levels through desupersaturation rates is essential to controlling crystalline product properties. The document also notes that crystal morphology can be controlled by the choice of solvent systems or adding chemicals, and that both experimental and computational modeling methods can be used to test solvents and additives. Plug flow crystallization with recycling of mother liquor has been shown to increase yields.

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    The document discusses several aspects of controlling crystal morphology through crystallization processes. It states that supersaturation is the main parameter that determines crystal growth and nucleation rates, and controlling supersaturation levels through desupersaturation rates is essential to controlling crystalline product properties. The document also notes that crystal morphology can be controlled by the choice of solvent systems or adding chemicals, and that both experimental and computational modeling methods can be used to test solvents and additives. Plug flow crystallization with recycling of mother liquor has been shown to increase yields.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    73 views3 pages

    Conclusions

    Uploaded by

    Jack Stone
    The document discusses several aspects of controlling crystal morphology through crystallization processes. It states that supersaturation is the main parameter that determines crystal growth and nucleation rates, and controlling supersaturation levels through desupersaturation rates is essential to controlling crystalline product properties. The document also notes that crystal morphology can be controlled by the choice of solvent systems or adding chemicals, and that both experimental and computational modeling methods can be used to test solvents and additives. Plug flow crystallization with recycling of mother liquor has been shown to increase yields.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Supersaturation is the main parameter in determining

    the rate of crystal growth and nucleation. In order


    to control the properties of a crystalline product, it is
    essential that the supersaturation level be controlled by
    desupersaturation rate, i.e., by the release of supersaturation
    which is mainly determined by the crystal
    growth rate and the available crystal surface area.
    Furthermore, the level of supersaturation is the main
    parameter that determines the agglomeration, shape,
    and purity of the crystals.

    The control of crystal morphology is a very complex


    process. This may be accomplished by the choice
    of an appropriate solvent system or by adding a
    chemical into the solution. Two methods may be
    used. Firstly, the experimental method can provide
    reliable results, but requires an excessive amount of
    work and extensive experience in order to be used for
    the testing of various solvents and additives. Secondly,
    computerized molecular modeling can be
    used in the search for suitable solvents and additives.

    (Palosaari, Sha, & Louhi-Kultanen, 2017)


    multi-segment cooling and multi-addition
    have been used in plug flow crystallizers to control size distribution.

    Plug flow crystallization


    with a recycling ratio of about 30% mother liquid resulted in a yield
    of about 50%. This yield could be further increased by increasing the
    recycle ratio.

    Palosaari, S., Sha, Z., & Louhi-Kultanen, M. (2017). Chemical Engineering: Essentials for the CPI
    professional - Industrial Crystallization. Handbook of Industrial Drying, Third Edition, 124(11), 64.
    https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420017618.ch51

    For Picture Book

    OSLO Crystallizer : http://www.sunkaier.com/products/evaporation-crystallization/crystallizer/oslo--


    crystallizer/

    DTB Crystallizer: http://www.sunkaier.com/products/evaporation-crystallization/crystallizer/dtb-


    crystallizer/

    Small Crystallizer: semanticscholar.org/paper/Industrial-crystallization-process-control-Larsen-


    Patience/96ca86243a27ce068ea71323c27b5064a9e7bf06/figure/2

    Batch Crystallizer: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Industrial-crystallization-process-control-


    Larsen-Patience/96ca86243a27ce068ea71323c27b5064a9e7bf06/figure/3

    Glass-lined batch reactor: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Industrial-crystallization-process-


    control-Larsen-Patience/96ca86243a27ce068ea71323c27b5064a9e7bf06/figure/5
    Evaporation Crystallization Equipment: https://antoniashu.en.made-in-
    china.com/product/XKgxDNoVLWpC/China-Evaporation-Crystallization-Equipment-Dtb-Type-
    Crystallizer-Tank.html

    Crystallizers:
    http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/SeparationsChemical/Crystallizers/Crystallizers.html

    Forced Circulation Crystallizer: https://www.gea.com/en/products/forced-crystallization-cryst.jsp

    Recirculation Pump : https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/End-suction-sludge-slurry-recirculation-


    pump_60498395002.html

    Lab Scale model for evaporation crystallization: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pilot-plant-


    evaporation-crystallization_fig1_273644306

    Evaporation crystallization parts: https://www.chemicalprocessing.com/articles/2003/381/

    Shell and tube heat exchanger: https://marinerspotted.com/2016/12/shell-tube-type-heat-exchanger/

    Crystallization of pharmaceuticals: https://www.ptonline.com/articles/why-when-should-you-re-


    crystallize-pet-scrap

    Paracetamol: https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/acetaminophen-powder-Paracetamol-
    powder_60756162736.html

    Salts: https://themindunleashed.com/2014/07/know-salts-different-types-salt-benefits.html

    Sodium sulfate: http://www.sggind.com/product/sodium-sulphate-also-known-as-sodium-sulfate/

    Gas Chromatography Parts: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-diagram-of-the-main-


    components-of-a-gas-chromatography-system-Philadelphia_fig3_273134301

    Gas chromatography definition: https://www.britannica.com/science/separation-and-


    purification/Chromatography

    Large scale chromatography: https://www.biotage.com/product-group/large-scale-purification

    Gas chromatography internals: http://chromatographyscience.blogspot.com/2012/10/packed-column-


    in-gas-chromatography.html#.XeWQa-gzaXI

    Oven: http://www.dyerlabs.com/chemistry/gas.html

    Parts of chromatorgraph: Gas chromatography principle, techniques, and applications

    Function of fan: http://www.chromatographyonline.com/gas-chromatography-ovens


    Electronic signal for gas chromatography: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/validation-study-
    of-analysis-of-1phenyl2propanone-in-illicitmethamphetamine-samples-by-dynamic-headspace-gas-
    chromatographymass-sp-2157-7064-1000322.php?aid=72726

    Ion Chromatography Lab scale: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography

    Parts of Ion-exchange column: http://dardel.info/IX/processes/columns.html

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