Timoshenko
Timoshenko
2-1-1979
Recommended Citation
Doshi, Chinubhai, "On the Analysis of the Timoshenko Beam Theory With and Without Internal Damping" (1979). Thesis. Rochester
Institute of Technology. Accessed from
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ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM THEORY
by
Chinubhai S. Doshi
A Thesis Submitted
in
Partial Fulfillment
of the
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
Mechanical Engineering
Approved by:
Prof. Richard B. Hetnarski
------------------------
(Thesis Advisor)
Prof. Name Illegible
------~~--------------
committee and all others who contributed to the completion of this work.
Professor Richard B. Hetnarski for suggesting the problem and for his
equation.
ABSTRACT
Feb. "79. 'On the Analysis of the Timoshenko Beam Theory With and
Damping.1
Without Internal Advisor: R. B. Hetnarski
'
The Timoshenko beam equation in terms of variable 'w is
A =
cross -sectional area of a beam, a constant
A. =
arbitrary functions of p
C,c, =
arbitrary constants
,c2
E =
modulus of elasticity
G =
modulus of rigidity
h =
height of a beam
I =
moment of inertia of a beam cross-section with respect to the
k =
constant, depends on the shape of the cross-section of a beam
I =
length of a beam
m. =
roots of characteristic equation
M(x,t) =
bending moment
p
=
Laplace transform parameter
P =
external load applied to a beam
Q =
shearing force
s(0,t) =
shear force due to an external load
t =
time variable
w =
total deflection (both due to bending and shear)
w =
deflection due to bending only
w =
deflection due to shear only
s
x =
variable along the axis of a beam
Y,Z =
arbitrary constants
in linear damping
$0 term
=
constant
3, =
constant in rotatory damping term
1
(v)
List of Symbols (Continued)
Y =
slope due to shear
p =
mass density of a beam material
t.,t =
surface shearing stresses
<j) =
slope due to the bending
Cvi)
Table of Contents
Page
I . Introduction . . . . , ,,,,,,,,,,,,.,.,, , , , , 1
II . Review of Literature 3
'
V. Theoretical Results 18
VI . Discussion of Results 52
References 58
(iv)
CHAPTER I
Introduction
theory. Euler's beam theory does not take into account the correction
beam theory, Timoshenko has taken into account corrections both for
rotatory inertia and for shear. Also Timoshenko has shown that the
propagation analysis.
(i) Use of two equations, one in rotational motion and the other in
[2], Dangler [3] and Eringen [4], that the one equation derived by
Eringen [4] can be used both in Miklowitz 's [2] and Dangler's [3] work
types of load, such as impulse load and random load, were applied to
a beam, and when stress analysis was performed using Timoshenko beam
CHAPTER II
theory. The theory takes into account corrections for shear and
*
theory is called the 'Timoshenko beam theory.
tions of bars and plates. The Laplace transform was used to obtain
form of the equation in conjunction with the Laplace transform and the
1951, Traill-Nash and Collar [6] used the theory to determine the
vibration of a beam.
Timoshenko beam theory. Miklowitz [2] used the theory to obtain the
approach and the principle of virtual work. He also showed the use of
concepts into the Timoshenko beam theory. The equation was modified
used in the stress analysis of a simply supported beam with the applica
solution.
-5-
CHAPTER III
points:
'
'w is the deflection of beam due to bending only. This equation has
D
the form
^"B .t
pEI. %\ p2I %\ . *\ .
' '
in terms of 'w and 'w ', where 'w is as described above and
D S D
'
'w is the deflection due to shear only. These equations are:
3 w 3w 3 w
3 wR 3 w 3 w
f- ^-
pA
3t^
f + pA
3tZ
-
kAG
3xZ
=
0
'w'
the Timoshenko equation in 'w', where is the total deflection
-6-
beam.*
the bending moment obtained using the equation without any damping, i.e.,
nT
EI
*\ - rnT
(PI + PEI,
*~)
3\ +
P2I 3\ + nA
PA
^B
j-
= n
0
3x4 r Kb 2
3xZ3t^ 2 TS
Kb 3t4
3t .
damping, i.e.,
c +
^ 7^72
"
61 iir
+ iG"
TT
3x 3x 3t 3x 3t 3t
3 2
3 3
pQ1 wg +
wg
+ "kg-
pA =
TT T
3t 3t
(iii) To show how to use the variation of parameter method for a non-
Derivation of Equations
and rotatory inertia in the simple beam theory in 1921 [l]. This is why
*
Theory."
inertia is called the "Timoshenko Beam
Derivation:
M + tt
dx
3x
?&*
3w
= 4> +
Y (4.1)
3x
and from simple beam theory
M =
-EI
|| ; Q =
kAGY (4.2)
is modulus of rigidity.
2
-
|^dx
3x
+ Qdx =
pi --4dx
3t2
(4.3)
|| dx = pA
1% dx (4.4)
--UGY .pi
43t
(4.5,
3 (kAGY) nA
32w fA
,.
-V-2" =
PA^2 C4.6)
Substituting for y =
t
oX
(j) from equation (4.1) and m =
-EI
^
dX
from
EI fl + kAG(|^
-<(,)
- pllfi- 0 (4.7)
3x2 3x 3t2
l!
pA
3t2
.
icAG^ 3x2
-
*>
3x
-
0 . (4.8)
read
"
+ '
3x kAG -
2 - 2
3t 3x
for we get
-p
T3 rpA3w
3wn ,
.
_p
3 w pA3w 3 w,
EI * *
77 ["^ 77
*^7]
-
"*Z & ^
3t 3t 3x
CT
i4
3w
^4 .2
2T ,4 .4
3w
EIp CT3wj/>A3wLpl3w _ .
Therefore,
4 4 2 2 4
r.-r
8 w ,,,
E, 3w . 3 w p I 3 w ~ ,. ...
+ + =
0- C4-9)
EI^-pI(1^)^7 pA^ ^^
"Timoshenko"
This is called the equation.
v4
8*5t
^4 s4
,4. 2T,4..
pIE 3 w p2i 3 w
correction due to shear by kG 2 2 kG 3t4
3xZ3t
-10-
EI ^+ pI
A o . (4.10)
3x4 3tZ
of two equations, such as (4.7) and (4.8) or in the form of the one
equation, as (4.9).
'
one equation in terms of 'w is sufficient to solve most engineering
D
bending.
Also the equation will be used with internal damping. The most
Eringen [4]. From the general equation, we can obtain the simple
-*-
x
M + 3dx
motion.
|f dx + Qdx -
|(T1 + T2)dx =
pi ^dx
3t^
which yields ,
=
32(j)
PI
-&*-5<VV 3t2
(4.11)
i*. |2-
|| dx + Pdx +
(x2 xx)g
-
dx =
PA
ot
dx +
Bn
>o at
dx
12-
which yields,
is the time.
3w
In equation (4.12) is the linear damping is
30 8n
-gr*
where
a constant.
3w
The term (t -
t.. ) ?-
r>
3wR
= <J> + <j> =
Y ; where -^-
(4.13)
"EI
H "EI
jr
3x
")
Q =
kGAY (4.15)
T = T = I S 21 C4.16)
Tl 2 h Pl 3t
t4-17)
--<-!c!ifr
$ .
we obtain,
EI f+ kGAY -
3X||
=
pl^| (4.19)
3x 3t
Introducing Y = |^ -
<f> from equation (4.13) and rearranging
EI l!l
3x
_
kGA4 + kGA
|| = PA
^|
St
+
3, || (4.21)
kGA |1
3x
= kGA
t\3x2
+ P -
PA
t\
at2
-
3Q fe
3t
. (4.22)
+ P pA
E%x2^+kGA-kGA^2-kGA3t^^GA3x2 3,2
a2
3Q
^]+ kGA-T= rtT
pI [ j
+ __
3x 3t 3x ot
+
.
JLrlJL +
p ^1. g -wi
L J
"
" _^o_3w-,
kGA 3t
J Pl 3t . 2
~ -Bl
60EI
A EI 32P
"
pEI 34w
"
35w "
KbA
3^w "
F
a^w
b\3x 4 kGA 2 kG 2 kGA 2 pi\ 2
3x 2a 8x 2a
. . . -
3x 3t 3t 3x 3t
i
f2- o4
*2D 2T y 3npl a3
3w ._. 3 w 3 w
T
pi 3 P p I 3 w 0 3 w
r + _
= T +
"
B
" "
+ + " "
3x23t
keeping all the terms in P on one side and rearranging all other
terms we get,
-4
y 3nEI -3
2T .4
_T
3 w
f
nT
PEI, 3 w
f R
3 w p I 3 w
ApI *1P
+
cTgF
+
^
33w
^3
+ rn4
CPA + Wl, 32w
+ R
3o
3w
at
TgF^
P +
gi ap
+ JLlfL (4.23)
_pi_l^.
= "
"
'L'
Let the left hand side be equal to Lw; where is an operator.
-15-
Then,
<j>
-
=
3WB from into (4.21). This the
(4.13)
-g-
equation equation gives
following equation,
32w 32w 3w
EI i -
kGAw. + kGAw = pi + 3, -jr-
-p .
3x2 B 3t2 X 3t
3 w 3w 3 w
-G-C-.,-
.pI-i.Bj^f-EI-^.
3t 3x
Then,
. 3 w 3w 3 w
<-"- <pI EI
ws
=
V
"
kk T
+
h -W
'
TT^ C4'25>
at 3x
obtain,
3 9
i WR 3wr WR
+ <pI + EI C4'26)
w
ei
"
wb kk IT
at
IT t^
3x
. 3 Lw 3Lw 3 Lw
Lw = + <pI -
EI C4-27)
Lwb kGA -^r+h -*r
~^p
The right hand sides of both equations (4.24) and (4.27)
-16-
P
*55C CPI
j^
%- H J) -
LWB .^ (PI
l
aLwD 3 LwD
(4.28)
LwB
=
P (4.29)
'
Then the equation in 'w with linear and rotatory damping is,
9*wr nPT -V
PnEI 33wnBpl 9*wrB
ct ,-t PEIA B ,0
0 -.
o2t
EI I?""
^ +
TB*
"
CW+ 3,)
^2
^ Tg"^
Pi30 P3,
a3wB ^
cpA
303x a2wB awB p
+
( TcT +
"kG"3
-^T
+ +
Ha*
^T
+
3o TT
=
(4,30)
'
To obtain an equation in 'w without any internal damping,
0 3, =
0 in (4.30). Also take load
put
3n = and equation external
P =
0.
9 3 9 9
WR DEI WR n2T WR WR
EI^-(PI^^^PA^=' ^
'w'
Equation (4.31) is the same as the Timoshenko equation except is
replaced by 'wr'> This means that the Timoshenko equation can be split
-17-
difficulty.
0 in (4.30).
3Q
=
equation Also take external load P =
0.
CP + "
e , ,
3x4 kG 3x23t2 ' at4 kG at3
3x2at
a2
a
wR
+ pA -5.
= 0 .
(4.32)
atz
Equations (4.30) to (4.32) are used in the next chapter for the purpose
CHAPTER V
Theoretical Results
parts .
Part 1.
Part 2.
(a) Showing that the same results as Dangler and Gonald [3] are
Part 5.
Load Applied.
s(0,t)
ditions at Ixl =
for all t are as follows:
3
-
3wB wR
WB > =: TT=0-
dX
is,
9\ OFT d\ n2l *\ *\
4- 2-
EI
*-% 3x
-
P2(pl +
^L) ^
3x
+
p4
^ wB +
P2PAWB
=
0 (5.1.2)
-mx rr . 7,
wB
=
e .
_
(5.1.3)
2
4nT -mx 2 2 , T
pEI. -mx ,4 pi
^-
2 ... -mx
n
m Ele -
p m (pi +
J~) e +
(p +
p pA) e =0
2
m4EI -
(pi +
^J.) *
(p4
Eji- +
p2pA) =
0 .
(5.1.4)
Let
Lex /I
v = c /M
v = c 2L .
c
p cx ,
p c2 '
1
\
m4
( ^ -I
) +
( -2-j +
C) =
0 .
(5.1.5)
Cl C2 C1C2
- - 2 lr, 1 1 ,
2 . r , 1 1.24 . y-t
Cl C2 Cl C2 1C2
Therefore ,
/?
Cx Cj Cj Cj
* u^-^-y^f. v...*,
1/2
cl =2 Cl C2
-m.x ~m2x
wR
= A e + A2e .
(5.1.7)
3w_(0,t)
(i) = 0 (5.1.8)
-^
-*5CQ-t)
C5-1-9)
_
Tag-
-11-
33E
'
Boundary condition (ii) needs to be converted into the terms of *w as
22-
3 w(0,t)
s(0,t) = -
EI
3x3
Substituting w = w
D
+w
S
in the above equation we get,
33wB(0,t) 33ws(0,t)
s(0,t) = -
EI
3x
a ws(o,t)
From equation (5.1.9) =
0 as s(o,t) is constant, therefore,
3x3
3 wB(0,t)
sC0,t)
= -
EI
ax3
3 wB(0,t)
s(0,t)
(5.1.10)
3x3 EI
awB(o,t)
(i) = 0 (5,1.8)
3x
3 wB(0,t)
5(0, t)
(ii) (5,1.10)
ax3 EI
we acquire,
boundary conditions
-23-
3wB(0,P)
U) V
3x
=
0 (5.1.11)
3%(0,P)
(ii) 2-= = -
i(0,p)
^liLL (5.1.12)
3x3 EI
3x
(5.1.7) we get,
- =
0 (5.1.13)
-mlAl m2A2
3A -
m3A = -
iC0'P) (5.1.14)
"miAl m2A2 EI
m2
Substituting A.. =
A from equation (5.1.13) into equation (5.1.14)
3, m2 3. A ,
=
i(0,p)
nlC-57A2)-,,l2A2 "EI
a-2 2 , s(0,p)
= -igf-L
mx)
- -
m2A2(m2
which gives,
=
i(0,P) (5.1.15)
A2 2 2
EIm2(m2
-
m )
Also
5(0, p)
= 2 2 (5.1.16)
Al EIm.(m2 -n^)
The values of
A1 and A are the same as in the Miklowitz [2] equation (16)
-24-
form infinite beam with an impulse A<5(t) applied at x=0 can lead
to the result which is the same as presented in Dangler and Gonald [3] .
I 2
Dividing equation (5.2.1) by pA and using notations -r- = r and
= =
r radius
----
E 2 9\
f- 2 9\ 2 3\ ^"bI
f
P
r2
3x4
r2Cl + Ec) -5-V3x^3t^
pr2c
3t4
+
dtZ
=
0 .
(5.2.2)
F 0
i.e. w
= 1 and
r- =
1. Equation (5.2.2) then becomes,
I4 r>4 .4 fl
3 wR 3 3 w 3 wR
, wR
r2
-
r2(l + c) + r2c 1 + J.
=
0 (5.2.3)
3x4 3x^3t^ 3t4 %tZ
-25-
Here the example with the simple case c=l is considered, although in
When c =
1 equation (5.2.3) becomes
2 9\ _
2r
2 94wB 2 9\ 92wB n
r -
+ r +
3tz
=-
=
0 .
(5.2.4)
3x 3x 3t 3t
32"
34w
B .22 B . 2 4 2 ..
n fr r-,
r j- -
2r p + Cr p +p ) w = 0 .
(5,2.5)
3x4 3x^ a
3wR(0,p)
5-j-- 0
Ci) =
(5.2.6)
93V'P)
(ii) i(0,p)
3x3
' "
EI
(5.2.7)
-m x -m x
=
A1e + A2e (5.2.8)
wB
A
i(0,P)
where
1 2 2
Elm^m -m^^)
-26-
and
A2
= -
EI
5lf
m2(m -m.)
,
Here s(0,p) depends on the applied load and m and nu are determined
from equation (5.2.5). Now the applied load is A6(t) at x=0, where 6(t)
'Dirac'
is function and A is a constant. Therefore,
s(0,t) =
| 6(t) .
A '5(t)*
y (as Laplace transform is
=
s(0,p) of '1'.)
A'
A 2_
=
(5,2.9)
2EIm1 (m2 mp
-
A2
= '
^5.2,10)
,2
2,
2EIm2(m2 mf)
-
2 4.222,242. n ,r in,
rm -2rpm
+(rp+p) =
0 (5.2.11)
{4r4p4-4(r2p4
2r2p2
p2)r2}^
,2
+
, = l '
(m.)
1
= .
2r
27-
Therefore ,
2r2P2{4r4p4-4Cr2p4
+
m. = + p2)rV!
1
2r
2 2
2r p 2irp
m
1,2
2r
m
1,2
=
[P2^
which gives,
* Av-^f2
=
P^[p + and (5.2.12)
*! 7l
m;
Therefore,
2 2
m. -
m1
=
p[p
-
^-] -
pCp +
^]
2 2
-
2pi
(5.2.13)
m2 ml r
r
-m x -m x
Ae Ae
w
Cm2 Cm2
m2)
2EIm1
-
m2)
2EIm2
-
Therefore,
. -m1x -m_x
, 1
*BB =
2 2
Substituting the value of (m_ -
m ) from equation (5,2.13) we get,
n
-1.x . -m x
r L L L L-i
L e
W^
B
=
: -
e J
2EI(-2pi) ml m2
. . . -m..x .
-m0x
lAr r 1 1 1 2 -i /rir.
B
rcT-
L
u e e J (5.2.15)
4EIp m m
a2
3 w
=
MCx,t) -EI
y
3x
9
WB
M(x,p) = -EI
3x^
.
(5.2.16)
we get,
2 2
_ . m, -m x m -m x
1 2
M(x,p) =
(-EI) -^-[---e -ie ]
4hlp m1 m_
_
.. -m x -m x
l 1
M(x,p) =
^[m2e -
n^e ] (5.2.17)
iAr i k I'i(r.-W\
P CP x i j--P2(P
+ 7)2x
r
^L[
r
M(x,p) -
Cl -
^)2e r) -
(l + JL)*e ].
This equation is the same as the equation (18) in Dangler and Gonald [3].
M(x,t) =
| {cos .
j^
+lsin.
J^iL)} (5.2.20)
2 2 k
where u =
(t -
x ) 2, J and J. are Bessel functions. It is noted
x is zero until t =
x, and then jumps to the value (obtained as
|x|)
-30-
li,MU,t)=f{=sM-MsinJxLl
(5.2.21)
the outcome.
in the beam.
EI 17"
Al CPI +
pBI. A .
A t
P2I A +
<*! a
^ 7777 Bl 777,
'
^77 ^77
*2
U W
+ pA j- =
0 .
(5.2.22)
3t^
12 1
Dividing (5.2.22) by pA and writing
-j-
= r and t-t?
=
c we get,
E
r
2 3\
j- -
r
2n+F.
(1 +
Ec) J\_ -
h d\
_
PA
_
+ n
per
2*\ j-
3xZ3t
3 2
3,c 3 w 3 w
+
-J
A
dy
f +
dy
y- =
0 .
(5.2.23)
Now, as it is done in Part 2a, we change the above equation (5.2.23) into
-32-
P
2 3S '
,
2l>
2 3\ "
Sl 33wB 2 34wB +
h d\ +
*\ .
T T
2~+r
8x4 2
3x^3t^ 2 A
A 3t4 A
A af5
3x^3t 3t
r
2 d\ _
2 2 ^B Sl 3^B
T"2"
+ r
2
P
4-'
31 3-
+
?
2-
= n
X P
"
TT"21?
TT X P Wb WB WB
3x 3x 3x
Therefore,
r
2 d\ j-
f,22
(2r p
31 ,
3\ +
,
Cr p
2 4
+
31 3
+
2,-
= n
+jp) P )WB
- j-
x p
3x 3x
(5.2.24)
x -m.x
-m1
= Axe + A2e (5.2.25)
wg
with
A
1
2EIm1(m2-m2)
A
2 (m2
m2)
2EIm2
-
w_ = in equation (5.2.24)
-33-
2 4
C2r p
2 31 2 4 h
0
r m + p)m + (r p + -r-
p +
p ) = .
(5.2.26)
f,
2 2 Sl .
wo 2 2 h ,2 . 2, 2 4 31 3
2,0^
(2r P + { C2r p p) 4r (r p + +
P )>
-
p:> P
2 X X x
(m.) =
2r2
(5.2.27)
r. 2 2
(2r p +
61 2
4r
2 (
(r p
2 4 31 3 2,
P) + +
P )
"
x x P
3, &.
*V ?
(~W ?
4r2'^P3
-
4r4p4
-
4r2
^ r?
a
4r
2 2
p
A
,1.2 2 , 22
Cx> P
-
4r p
p2[(^-)2-4r2]
2r2p2 fl 3
+^pp[(^.)2
A
(mp 2r'
Therefore,
31 61 2 4r2}^
m p
1,2 2r2
-34-
at infinity. Therefore, g g
r 1 r,
r, 1
1.2 .
2-tHl
X+
{Cx> "4r }
mi
=
P P + (5.2.28)
2r
and
3
"4- f]
f-y-^p^
h "A A
m p + (5.2.29)
2r
Let
31 ,A.2
4r2}^
X+
{-X-
Y =
2r
Z =
t
2
2r
12 2 J-
2
in equation (5.2.29) where (-^-) >4r or 3 >
2(IA) to get Y and
Hr -r
=
p2[p +
Y] (5.2.30)
ml
if2
=
p%[p +
(5.2.31)
m2
m2 m2
- =
p[p+Y] -p[p.+
Z] =
pCZ-Y) C5.2.32)
2 2
Substituting Cnu -
for A and
A2 we obtain,
and
*""
1 2EIm1pCZ-Y) 2 2EIm2pCZ-Y)
where Z and Y are real and not equal. Substituting for A. and A~
into equation CS 2 .
.25) we get,
-m x -m x
Ae Ae
w
B 2EIm pCZ -
Y) 2EIm pCZ -
Y)
Therefore,
1 "V 1 ~V\/'
WB
=
2EIpCZ-Y)ti7e "ij6
C5-2'33)
*2-
a
_
wB
Using MCx,p) = from Part 2a and substituting for w
j-
-EI
a
dx
from equation C5.2.33) we obtain,
-mlx
|mi m2 "V
MC*>P> "
<-EI) e e
m
2EIp(AZ-Y){^ 2
which gives,
-mx -m..x
MCx'p) = \m2e
"
mie
I
'
(5.2.34)
2p(Z-Y)
-36-
Substituting n^ and
m2 from equations (5.2.30) and (5.2.31)
which gives,
Q-'Z)** (p^Y)1"2
e-p%(p+
M(x,p) =
f (Z-Y))
e _
J*
P P
(5.2.35)
For the inverse transform of M(x,p) we use the following formulae from
[ll]."
Roberts and Kaufman
Inverse transforms of
(2) p is 6'(t-u)
t
2
(ii) e I0[j(t2-x2)J2] for t > x (5.2.36)
\
M(x,p) = jt-t-
(P+Z) *--- --
\ -
(P+Y)
(Z-Y) 2rJ_7^'2 2r,v>2
p^p+Z) pz(p+Y)
(5.2.37)
-37-
formation
-p^Cp+Z^x
(p+Z)
p^(p.+Z)"2
(5.2.38)
I pV^2
J 1 pVz)52
Z
t
2
6'(t-u){e 2UIn[|(u2-x2)^]}du
0L2
+ Z{e ijf-O^-x2)^]}
'0L2
6'
Cx-a)GCa)da G'Cx) from Jones [12]. Application of this
Now
-oo
/ =
formula to equation CS .2
.39) gives,
It
2
-2-t
2
^{e I0[|(t2-x2)J2]} + Z{e l^I-Ify} .
expression gives.
Simplifying the above
-38-
-it *
., <t2-x2)^
4 I0[|(t2-x2)^2] ? i;[|(t2-x2)^]
| 2t
-^t
2
+ Z{e IgCfct2^2)1-2]}
That is,
(i) IQCx) =
lxCx)
(5.2.41)
'
Cii) ijcx) =
lQCx) 7
X 1
,
I_(x) =
I1(x) into the equation (5.2.40) we get,
""
I
e'jt
2.%-
2 2.-%, rZr 2
M^
=2(TYT[|
e 2t{l0[|ct2-x2)^] + ttS-xY\l^-Sf2l}
Y
St
2
^ 2y2 2 2.-32, rY^2
2,*5-
- 1 e
rT rY,^2
{l0[I(t'-xT2] ? tCt'-x^C^-x^]}
M(x,t) =
0 for t < x (5.2.44)
-jX r Xl (0) ^
lim MCx,t)
t--x
2CZ-Y)
Y
Y
"2X
xI^O)
2
e
'K (0) + (5.2.45)
IQ(0) =
1 and Ix(0) =
0
Thus,
Z Y
"2X
lim Z /. 0 Y "2Xf. 0
M(x,t) =
2e 1 + 26 1 +
(5.2.46)
t--x 2(Z-Y) 0 0
VfuOxV*]
(t2-x2)^
L'
applying Hospital's rule as t--x we get,
^tjc^t-.x-rt i;[2(t2-x2rt|.ict2-x2,-^.2t
^(t2-x2)^ ^-xV*
|i;[|(t2-x2)^]
i -
-|
2
In[|-(t2-x2)^]
10-2- -|
Z
(t2_x2^
z/Trzrt2 2Wi_^L2i
X 2>21
,. ..
lim ,, 0 u
hi
t-x2^02
y -nL-Ct
-
) ] -
T
Z
^-r
,
(t2-x2)'
(t2-x2)^
t-x
which gives,
'l^2-'21"3 ZirZff2
,
^yfzzf-
,-
2fy
fy ^
-
"x,]
-41-
Vfct'-x2)^] Z
lim
t--x (t
^ 4
-xK
lim
Z "2X/1 A
Z Y "2X/1 Y
M(x,t) 2e
1+X4 2e
1+X4
t--x 2(Z-Y)
(5.2.47)
"2t
Z
M(x,t) =
2(Z -Y) 2
e {l0[|(t2-x2)^]
?
t^-xV^f^-xV2]
Y
~2t
\
Y
2
e {l0[|(t2-x2rt
T 2.%
rY^2
+
t(t2-x2)-\[|(t2-x2rt};
for t > x (5.2.43)
for x =
0, the result will hold true for any x in general.
M(x,t)
Therefore substituting x =
0 in equation (5.2.43) we get,
-42-
'
-
-it,
2Xl -It
Z
M(x,t) =
e
2(Z-Y) 2
C5.2.48)
x x
e Iq(x) and e I,(x) are convergent. Therefore MCx,t) in the
-yx
convergent even when t->-x. Thus it is seen here that the increasing
Differential Equation.
the simply supported beam with application of a random load, the same
random load.
only even derivatives of the deflection entered into the equations for
due to the format of applied load, sine and cosine terms enter into
the equation. Thus the terms which are constnats in [4] , are
in general .
*\ f_
PEI, *\ AEI
ft ,
^B p2I 3\
P3
+
PI30 +
3% + (pA +
BBl 32wB
(W M*-^r Tga") -T
3wR
* - p (5.3.D
eoir .
take =
0. Thus,
3Q 31
=
process we
-45-
^"B
a4
a wT 34w 32wr
P2I
EI
3xM
' *
<> A = P
3x 3t at 3t
(5.3.2)
both x and t.
x=0 x=i
(i) wB(0,t)
=
wB(,t) 0
(5.3.3)
3w_ 3w_
=
Cii) l^0---)
=
lTCA,t)
we obtain,
ei *-! -
(pi ?
<g)
P2
"I3x
(#
?
PAP2)B
= P
3x
(5.3.4)
-46-
(i) wB(0,p) =
wR(,p) =
0
B
(5.3.5)
3wTB 3w
(ii) 3x (0>P) = ij-
U-p) = 0 J
General Solution =
Complementary solution + Particular solution.
i.e. ,
a2-
3 9
EI-
WB r T pEI, 2 WB ,p2I
C"kG"
4 . 2. -
(i) -
CpI +
P +
P +
PAP 5 0
3x4 T kG"0
Kb 2 WB
3x
(5.3.6)
Complementary solution is
-m.x
l
A.e (5.3.7)
(Vc i=l
l
(pi ?
Si
kG
( (PI ?
#)
kG V
-
4EI CU
P4
*
PAP2)
>*
m.
2EI
-47-
-m x -m x m x m x
i l
=
Axe + A2e + A3e + A4e (5.3.8)
(wB)c .
(5.3.9)
Ince [14].
+ + + =
+ + +
vlul V2U2 V3U3 V4U4
(5.3.10)
i m i it i " t it
+ + =
+
Vlul V2U2 V3U3 V4U4
I Ml I III I lit I 'I'
+ + +
V1U1 V2U2 V3U3 V4U4
ul U2 u3 Vl
1 i i i
ul U2 U3 U4 V2
(5.3.11)
ii m it i
ul U2 U3 U4 V3
III Ml m in i
ul U2 U3 U4 V4
"
r t i
u u -1 0
vi 1 u2 "3 4
1 i t i
u u 0
i 1 u2 U3 4
1 II ii ti ii
0
(5.3.12)
u u
V3 1 U2 u3 4
i III m m m
u. u. u. u F
4 _,
_V4j
u. =
e =
e = e u =
e and
By substituting u2 u3
.
m.x_
l
e P
(m2 2.
2mx m2)
-
mx
e P
2.
2m2(m.. -
m2)
(5.3.13)
-mx
e F
2^
2mx (m: m2)
-
e
"m2X7Ir
2 2
2m (m. -
m2)
r m..x_
e P(x,p) dx
v:Cx) 2 2
2m. (m. -
m_)
r m2x
P(x,p) dx
v2Cx) 2 2
2m_(m.. -
nu)
(5.3.14)
r -m.x_
P(x,p) dx
v3(x) 2 2
2m. (m.. -
nu)
r -m
x_
e PCx,p) dx
v4(x) 2 2
2nu m2)
(m^
-
mx
+
{A4 + v4(x)}e (5.3.15)
the equation does not simplify as it does in the case of even derivatives
of the deflection.
-51-
CHAPTER VI
Discussion of Results.
can be used in dealing with the analysis of bending moment and stresses.
dition. Dangler [3] has used the external load in the equation itself
boundary condition.
analysis depending on the basic problem and the case of the beam
Equation 1,
~4 ^4
a,
~4 fl
3 WU oCT
9 WTt n2T
9 WU 9 WR
Equation 2,
4 4 4 2
3 wn oCT
3 wtj It 3 wr 9 wr
ei
-
.
(pi ?
^ -j-Sy >&y
? pa
y - p
-53-
oo
o -J-
11 Il
II II II II II
X X X -^
o
V.
u
o
i-H
bO
c
ca
Q
6
o
u
4H
c
<U
M
rt
0)
U
3
OO
-54-
internal damping.
theory.
Z Y
"2X "2X
Z Y f. Y
lim M(x,t) e l +
2(Z-Y) 2 x4
2e
1+X4
t-*-x
Z Y Z Y
TX
x is convergent, it is
to assure the convergence of the solution. Eringer [4] used both linear
and rotatory damping to get the results in the case of a random loading.
equation.
-56-
CHAPTER VII
Timoshenko beam theory, which takes into account corrections for shear
and rotatory inertia, is not always adequate since it does not include
internal damping.
as developed and used by Eringen [4]. When both linear and rotatory
damping are used together, the equation becomes too complex to analyze.
equation with only rotatory damping. The equation with linear damping
result. When only rotatory damping was used, the equation became
factory results.
the same line as Eringen [4] to find out if only rotatory damping is
when both linear and rotatory damping are used but to make a decision
about the use of linear damping, the following two questions should be
answered .
analysis .
along the same line as Eringen [4]. The problem should be solved two
times, once with only rotatory damping and then with both rotatory
and linear damping. The results obtained can be compared with each
other and it can be found out from the convergence of the equation
improvement .
decide if the rotatory damping plays a major role in the analysis and
REFERENCES
3. M.A. Dangler M.
Gonald, 'Transverse Impact of Long Beams,
and
10. B.A. Boley, 'On the Use of Sine Transforms in Timoshenko -Beam
Problems,'
Impact Journal of Applied Mech., pp.. 152-153,
March 1957.
Transformations,'
11. G.E. Roberts Kaufman, 'Tables of Laplace
and H.
W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1966.
-59-
REFERENCES Continued)