DEVOPS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q1) what is DevOps?

By the name DevOps, it’s very clear that it’s a collaboration of Development as well as
Operations. But one should know that DevOps is not a tool, or a software or framework, DevOps
is a Combination of Tools which helps for the automation of whole infrastructure.

DevOps is basically and implementation of Agile methodology on Development side as well as

Operations side.

Q2) why do we need DevOps?

To fulfil the need of delivering more and faster and better application to meet more and more
demands of users, we need DevOps. DevOps helps deployment to happen really fast compared
to any other traditional tools.

Q3) Mention the key aspects or principle behind DevOps?

The key aspects or principle behind DevOps is:

Infrastructure as a Code

Continuous Integration

Continuous Deployment

Automation

Continuous Monitoring

Security

Q4) List out some of the popular tools for DevOps?

Git

Jenkins
Ansible

Puppet

Nagios

Docker

ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)

Q5) what is a version control system?

Version Control System (VCS) is a software that helps software developers to work together and
maintain a complete history of their work.

Some of the feature of VCS as follows:

Allow developers to wok simultaneously

Does not allow overwriting on each other changes.

Maintain the history of every version.

There are two types of Version Control Systems:

Central Version Control System, Ex: Git, Bitbucket

Distributed/Decentralized Version Control System, Ex: SVN

Q6) What is Git and explain the difference between Git and SVN?

Git is a source code management (SCM) tool which handles small as well as large projects with
efficiency. It is basically used to store our repositories in remote server such as GitHub.

GIT SVN

Git is a Decentralized Version Control Tool SVN is a Centralized Version Control Tool

Git contains the local repo as well as the full history of the whole project on all the developers
hard drive, so if there is a server outage , you can easily do recovery from your team mates local
git repo. SVN relies only on the central server to store all the versions of the project file
Push and pull operations are fast Push and pull operations are slower compared to Git

It belongs to 3rd generation Version Control Tool It belongs to 2nd generation Version
Control tools

Client nodes can share the entire repositories on their local system Version history is stored
on server-side repository

Commits can be done offline too Commits can be done only online

Work are shared automatically by commit Nothing is shared automatically

Q7) what language is used in Git?

Git is written in C language, and since its written in C language its very fast and reduces the
overhead of runtimes.

Q8) what is SubGit?

SubGit is a tool for migrating SVN to Git. It creates a writable Git mirror of a local or remote
Subversion repository and uses both Subversion and Git if you like.

Q9) how can you clone a Git repository via Jenkins?

First, we must enter the e-mail and user name for your Jenkins system, then switch into your job
directory and execute the “git config” command.

Q10)What are the Advantages of Ansible?

Agentless, it doesn’t require any extra package/daemons to be installed

Very low overhead

Good performance

Idempotent

Very Easy to learn

Declarative not procedural

Q11) what’s the use of Ansible?

Ansible is mainly used in IT infrastructure to manage or deploy applications to remote nodes.

Let’s say we want to deploy one application in 100’s of nodes by just executing one command,
then Ansible is the one actually coming into the picture but should have some knowledge on
Ansible script to understand or execute the same.

Q12) what’s the difference between Ansible Playbook and Roles?

Roles Playbooks

Roles are reusable subsets of a play. Playbooks contain Plays.

A set of tasks for accomplishing certain role. Mapps among hosts and roles.

Example: common, webservers. Example: site.yml, fooservers.yml, webservers.yml.

Q13) How do I see a list of all the ansible_ variables?

Ansible by default gathers “facts” about the machines, and these facts can be accessed in
Playbooks and in templates. To see a list of all the facts that are available about a machine, you
can run the “setup” module as an ad-hoc action:

Ansible -m setup hostname

This will print out a dictionary of all the facts that are available for that particular host.

Q14) what is Docker?

Docker is a containerization technology that packages your application and all its dependencies
together in the form of Containers to ensure that your application works seamlessly in any
environment.

Q15) what is Docker image?

Docker image is the source of Docker container. Or in other words, Docker images are used to
create containers.
Q16) what is Docker Container?

Docker Container is the running instance of Docker Image.

Q17) Can we consider DevOps as Agile methodology?

Of Course, we can!! The only difference between agile methodology and DevOps is that, agile
methodology is implemented only for development section and DevOps implements agility on
both development as well as operations section.

Q18) what are the advantages of using Git?

Data redundancy and replication

High availability

Only one. git directory per repository

Superior disk utilization and network performance

Collaboration friendly

Git can use any sort of projects.

Q19) what is kernel?

A kernel is the lowest level of easily replaceable software that interfaces with the hardware in
your computer.

Q20) what is difference between grep -i and grep -v?

I ignore alphabet difference V accept this value

ex) ls | grep -i docker

Dockerfile

docker.tar.gz
ls | grep -v docker

Desktop

Dockerfile

Documents

Downloads

You can’t see anything with name docker.tar.gz

Q21) How can you define particular space to the file

This feature is generally used to give the swap space to the server. Lets say in below machine I
have to create swap space of 1GB then,

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile1 bs=1G count=1

Q22) what is concept of sudo in linux?

Sudo(superuser do) is a utility for UNIX- and Linux-based systems that provides an efficient
way to give specific users permission to use specific system commands at the root (most
powerful) level of the system.

Q23) what is a Jenkins Pipeline?

Jenkins Pipeline (or simply “Pipeline”) is a suite of plugins which supports implementing and
integrating continuous delivery pipelines into Jenkins.
Q24) How to stop and restart the Docker container?

To stop the container: docker stop container ID

Now to restart the Docker container: docker restart container ID

Q25) What platforms does Docker run on?

Docker runs on only Linux and Cloud platforms:

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS+

Fedora 20+

RHEL 6.5+

CentOS 6+

Gentoo

ArchLinux

openSUSE 12.3+

CRUX 3.0+

Cloud:

Amazon EC2

Google Compute Engine

Microsoft Azure

Rackspace

Note that Docker does not run on Windows or Mac for production as there is no support, yes
you can use it for testing purpose even in windows
Q26) what are the tools used for docker networking?

For docker networking we generally use kubernets and docker swarm.

Q27) what is docker compose?

Lets say you want to run multiple docker container, at that time you have to create the docker
compose file and type the command docker-compose up. It will run all the containers mentioned
in docker compose file.

Q28) What is Scrum?

Scrum is basically used to divide your complex software and product development task into
smaller chunks, using iterations and incremental practises. Each iteration is of two weeks. Scrum
consists of three roles: Product owner, scrum master and Team

Q29) What does the commit object contain?

Commit object contain the following components:

It contains a set of files, representing the state of a project at a given point of time reference to
parent commit objects

An SHAI name, a 40-character string that uniquely identifies the commit object (also called as
hash).

Q30) Explain the difference between git pull and git fetch?

Git pull command basically pulls any new changes or commits from a branch from your central
repository and updates your target branch in your local repository.

Git fetch is also used for the same purpose, but its slightly different form Git pull. When you
trigger a git fetch, it pulls all new commits from the desired branch and stores it in a new branch
in your local repository. If we want to reflect these changes in your target branch, git fetch must
be followed with a git merge. Our target branch will only be updated after merging the target
branch and fetched branch. Just to make it easy for us, remember the equation below:

Git pull = git fetch + git merge

Q31) How do we know in Git if a branch has already been merged into master?

git branch –merged

The above command lists the branches that have been merged into the current branch.

git branch –no-merged

this command lists the branches that have not been merged.

Q32) What is ‘Staging Area’ or ‘Index’ in GIT?

Before committing a file, it must be formatted and reviewed in an intermediate area known as
‘Staging Area’ or ‘Indexing Area’.

#git add <file_name>

Q33) What is Git Stash?

Let’s say you’ve been working on part of your project, things are in a messy state and you want
to switch branches for some time to work on something else. The problem is, you don’t want to
do a commit of your half-done work just, so you can get back to this point later. The answer to
this issue is Git stash.

Git Stashing takes your working directory that is, your modified tracked files and staged changes
and saves it on a stack of unfinished changes that you can reapply at any time.
Q34) What is Git stash drop?

Git ‘stash drop’ command is basically used to remove the stashed item. It will basically remove
the last added stash item by default, and it can also remove a specific item if you include it as an
argument.

I have provided an example below:

If you want to remove any particular stash item from the list of stashed items you can use the
below commands:

git stash list: It will display the list of stashed items as follows:

stash@{0}: WIP on master: 049d080 added the index file

stash@{1}: WIP on master: c265351 Revert “added files”

stash@{2}: WIP on master: 13d80a5 added number to log

Q35) What is the function of ‘git config’?

Git uses our username to associate commits with an identity. The git config command can be
used to change our Git configuration, including your username.

Suppose you want to give a username and email id to associate commit with an identity so that
you can know who has made a commit. For that I will use:

git config –global user.name “Your Name”: This command will add your username.
git config –global user.email “Your E-mail Address”: This command will add your email id.

Q36) How can you create a repository in Git?

To create a repository, you must create a directory for the project if it does not exist, then run
command “git init”. By running this command .git directory will be created inside the project
directory.

Q37) Describe the branching strategies you have used?

Generally, they ask this question to understand your branching knowledge

Feature branching

This model keeps all the changes for a feature inside of a branch. When the feature branch is
fully tested and validated by automated tests, the branch is then merged into master.

Task branching

In this task branching model each task is implemented on its own branch with the task key
included in the branch name. It is quite easy to see which code implements which task, just look
for the task key in the branch name.

Release branching

Once the develop branch has acquired enough features for a release, then we can clone that
branch to form a Release branch. Creating this release branch starts the next release cycle, so no
new features can be added after this point, only bug fixes, documentation generation, and other
release-oriented tasks should go in this branch. Once it’s ready to ship, the release gets merged
into master and then tagged with a version number. In addition, it should be merged back into
develop branch, which may have progressed since the release was initiated earlier.

Q38) What is Jenkins?

Jenkins is an open source continuous integration tool which is written in Java language. It keeps a
track on version control system and to initiate and monitor a build system if any changes occur. It
monitors the whole process and provides reports and notifications to alert the concern team.

Q39) What is the difference between Maven, Ant and Jenkins?

Maven and Ant are Build Technologies whereas Jenkins is a continuous integration(CI/CD) tool.

Q40) Explain what is continuous integration?

When multiple developers or teams are working on different segments of same web application,
we need to perform integration test by integrating all the modules. To do that an automated
process for each piece of code is performed on daily bases so that all your code gets tested. And
this whole process is termed as continuous integration.

Q41) What is the relation between Hudson and Jenkins?

Hudson was the earlier name of current Jenkins. After some issue faced, the project name was
changed from Hudson to Jenkins.

Q42) What are the advantages of Jenkins?

Advantage of using Jenkins

Bug tracking is easy at early stage in development environment.

Provides a very large numbers of plugin support.

Iterative improvement to the code, code is basically divided into small sprints.

Build failures are cached at integration stage.

For each code commit changes an automatic build report notification get generated.
To notify developers about build report success or failure, it can be integrated with LDAP mail
server.

Achieves continuous integration agile development and test-driven development environment.

With simple steps, maven release project can also be automated.

Q43) Which SCM tools does Jenkins supports?

Source code management tools supported by Jenkins are below:

AccuRev

CVS

Subversion

Git

Mercurial

Perforce

Clearcase

RTC

Q44) What is Ansible?

Ansible is a software configuration management tool to deploy an application using ssh without
any downtime. It is also used for management and configuration of software applications.
Ansible is developed in Python language.

Q45) How can your setup Jenkins jobs?

Steps to set up Jenkins job as follows:

Select new item from the menu.

After that enter a name for the job (it can be anything) and select free-style job.
Then click OK to create new job in Jenkins dashboard.

The next page enables you to configure your job, and it’s done.

Q46) What is your daily activities in your current role?

Working on JIRA Tickets

Builds and Deployments

Resolving issues when builds and deployments fails by coordinating and collaborating with the
dev team

Infrastructure maintenance

Monitoring health of applications

Q47) What are the challenges you faced in recent times?

I need to implement trending technologies like Docker to automate the configuration

management activities in my project by showing POC.

Q48) What are the build and deployment failures you got and how you resolved those?

I use to get most of the time out of memory issue. So I fixed this issue by restarting the server
which is not best practice. I did the permanent fix by increase the Perm Gen Space and Heap
Space.

Q49) I want a file that consists of last 10 lines of the some other file?

Tail -10 filename >filename

Q50) How to check the exit status of the commands?

echo $?

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Q51) I want to get the information from file which consists of the word “GangBoard”

grep “GangBoard” filename

Q52) I want to search the files with the name of “GangBoard”

find / -type f -name “*GangBoard*”

Q53) Write a shell script to print only prime numbers?

prime.sh

echo "1"

i=3

j=300

flag=0

tem=2

echo "1"while [ $i -ne $j ]

do

temp=`echo $i`

while [ $temp -ne $tem ]

do

temp=`expr $temp - 1`

n=`expr $i % $temp`

if [ $n -eq 0 -a $flag -eq 0 ]

then

flag=1

fi

done
 if [ $flag -eq 0 ]

then

echo $i

else

flag=0

fi

i=`expr $i + 1`

done

Q54) How to pass the parameters to the script and how can I get those parameters?

Scriptname.sh parameter1 parameter2

I will use $* to get the parameters.

Q55) What is the default file permissions for the file and how can I modify it?

Default file permissions are : rw-r—r—

If I want to change the default file permissions I need to use umask command ex: umask 666

Q56) How you will do the releases?

There are some steps to follow.

Create a check list

Create a release branch

Bump the version

Merge release branch to master & tag it.

Use a Pull request to merge the release merge

Deploy master to Prod Environment

Merge back into develop & delete release branch

Change log generation

Communicating with stack holders

Grooming the issue tracker

Q57) How you automate the whole build and release process?

Check out a set of source code files.

Compile the code and report on progress along the way.

Run automated unit tests against successful compiles.

Create an installer.

Publish the installer to a download site, and notify teams that the installer is available.

Run the installer to create an installed executable.

Run automated tests against the executable.

Report the results of the tests.

Launch a subordinate project to update standard libraries.

Promote executables and other files to QA for further testing.

Deploy finished releases to production environments, such as Web servers or CD manufacturing.

The above process will be done by Jenkins by creating the jobs.

Q58) I have 50 jobs in the Jenkins dash board , I want to build at a time all the jobs

In Jenkins there is a plugin called build after other projects build. We can provide job names over
there and If one parent job run then it will automatically run the all other jobs. Or we can use
Pipe line jobs.

Q59) How can I integrate all the tools with Jenkins?

I have to navigate to the manage Jenkins and then global tool configurations there you have to
provide all the details such as Git URL , Java version, Maven version , Path etc.

Q60) How to install Jenkins via Docker?

The steps are:

Open up a terminal window.

Download the jenkinsci/blueocean image & run it as a container in Docker using the following
docker run command:( https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/)

docker run \ -u root \ –rm \ -d \ -p 8080:8080 \ -p 50000:50000 \ -v jenkins-

data:/var/jenkins_home \ -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \ jenkinsci/blueocean

Proceed to the Post-installation setup wizard (https://jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/#setup-

wizard)

Accessing the Jenkins/Blue Ocean Docker container docker exec -it jenkins-blueocean bash

Accessing the Jenkins console log through Docker logsdocker logs <docker-container-
name>Accessing the Jenkins home directorydocker exec -it <docker-container-name> bash

Q61) Did you ever participated in Prod Deployments? If yes what is the procedure?

Yes I have participated, we need to follow the following steps in my point of view

Preparation & Planning : What kind of system/technology was supposed to run on what kind of
machine

The specifications regarding the clustering of systems

How all these stand-alone boxes were going to talk to each other in a foolproof manner

Production setup should be documented to bits. It needs to be neat, foolproof, and

understandable.

It should have all a system configurations, IP addresses, system specifications, & installation
instructions.

It needs to be updated as & when any change is made to the production environment of the
system
Q62) My application is not coming up for some reason? How can you bring it up?

We need to follow the steps

Network connection

The Web Server is not receiving users’s request

Checking the logs

Checking the process id’s whether services are running or not

The Application Server is not receiving user’s request(Check the Application Server Logs and
Processes)

A network level ‘connection reset’ is happening somewhere.

Q63) Did you automate anything in your project? Please explain

Yes I have automated couple of things such as

Password expiry automation

Deleting the older log files

Code quality threshold violations etc.

Q64) What is IaC? How you will achieve this?

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is the management of infrastructure (networks, virtual machines,

load balancers, and connection topology) in a descriptive model, using the same versioning as
DevOps team uses for source code. This will be achieved by using the tools such as Chef, Puppet
and Ansible etc.

Q65) What is multifactor authentication? What is the use of it?

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security system that requires more than one method of
authentication from independent categories of credentials to verify the user’s identity for a login
or other transaction.

Security for every enterprise user — end & privileged users, internal and external
Protect across enterprise resources — cloud & on-prem apps, VPNs, endpoints, servers,
privilege elevation and more

Reduce cost & complexity with an integrated identity platform

Q66) I want to copy the artifacts from one location to another location in cloud. How?

Create two S3 buckets, one to use as the source, and the other to use as the destination and
then create policies.

Q67) How can I modify the commit message in git?

I have to use following command and enter the required message.

Git commit –amend

Q68) How can you avoid the waiting time for the triggered jobs in Jenkins.

First I will check the Slave nodes capacity, If it is fully loaded then I will add the slave node by
doing the following process.

Go to the Jenkins dashboard -> Manage Jenkins ->Manage Nodes

Create the new node a

By giving the all required fields and launch the slave machine as you want.

Q69) What are the Pros and Cons of Ansible?

Pros:

Open Source

Agent less
Improved efficiency , reduce cost

Less Maintenance

Easy to understand yaml files

Cons:

Underdeveloped GUI with limited features

Increased focus on orchestration over configuration management

SSH communication slows down in scaled environments

Q70) How you handle the merge conflicts in git?

Follow the steps

Create Pull request

Modify according to the requirement by sitting with developers

Commit the correct file to the branch

Merge the current branch with master branch.

Q71) I want to delete 10 days older log files. How can I?

There is a command in unix to achieve this task find <directory_path> -mtime +10 -name “*.log”
-exec rm -f {} \; 2>/dev/null

What is the difference among chef, puppet and ansible?

Chef Puppet Ansible

Interoperability Works Only on Linux/Unix Works Only on Linux/Unix Supports

Windows but server should be Linux/Unix

Conf. Language It uses Ruby Puppet DSL YAML (Python)

Availability Primary Server and Backup Server Multi Master Architecture Single
Active Node
Q72) How you get the Inventory variables defined for the host?

We need to use the following command

Ansible – m debug- a “var=hostvars[‘hostname’]” localhost(10.92.62.215)

Q73) How you will take backup for Jenkins?

Copy JENKINS_HOME directory and “jobs” directory to replicate it in another server

Q74) How to deploy docker container to aws?

Amazon provides the service called Amazon Elastic Container Service; By using this creating and
configuring the task definition and services we will launch the applications.

Q75) I want to change the default port number of apache tomcat. How?

Go to the tomcat folder and navigate to the conf folder there you will find a server.xml file. You
can change connector port tag as you want.

Q76) In how many ways you can install the Jenkins?

We can install Jenkins in 3 Ways

By downloading Jenkins archive file

By running as a service Java –jar Jenkins.war

By deploying Jenkins.war to the webapps folder in tomcat.

Q77) How you will run Jenkins job from command line?

We have a Jenkins CLI from there we need to use the curl command

curl -X POST -u YOUR_USER:YOUR_USER_PASSWORD

http://YOUR_JENKINS_URL/job/YOUR_JOB/build
Q78) How you will do tagging in git?

We have following command to create tags in git

Git tag v0.1

Q79) How can you connect a container to a network when it starts?

We need to use a following command

docker run -itd –network=multi-host-network busybox

Q80) How you will do code commit and code deploy in cloud?

Create a deployment environment

Get a copy of the sample code

Create your pipeline

Activate your pipeline

Commit a change and update the App.

Q81) How to access variable names in Ansible?

Using hostvars method we can access and add the variables like below

{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname][‘ansible_’ + which_interface][‘ipv4’][‘address’] }}

Q82) What is Infrastructure as Code?

Where the Configuration of any servers or tool chain or application stack required for an
association can be made into progressively elucidating dimension of code and that can be
utilized for provisioning and overseeing foundation components like Virtual Machine, Software,
Network Elements, however it varies from contents utilizing any language, where they are a
progression of static advances coded, where Version control can be utilized so as to follow
condition changes .

Precedent Tools are Ansible, Terraform.

Q83) What are the zones the Version control can acquaint with get proficient DevOps practice?

A clearly fundamental region of Version Control is Source code the executives, Where each
engineer code ought to be pushed to a typical storehouse for keeping up assemble and
discharge in CI/CD pipelines.

Another territory can be Version control For Administrators when they use Infrastructure as A
Code (IAC) apparatuses and rehearses for keeping up The Environment setup.

Another Area of Version Control framework Can be Artifactory Management Using Repositories
like Nexus and DockerHub

Q84) Why Opensource apparatuses support DevOps?

Opensource devices dominatingly utilized by any association which is adjusting (or) embraced
DevOps pipelines in light of the fact that devops accompanied an attention on robotization in
different parts of association manufacture and discharge and change the executives and
furthermore framework the board zones.

So creating or utilizing a solitary apparatus is unthinkable and furthermore everything is

fundamentally an experimentation period of advancement and furthermore coordinated chops
down the advantage of building up a solitary device , so opensource devices were accessible
available practically spares each reason and furthermore gives association a choice to assess the
device dependent on their need.

Q85) What is the distinction among Ansible and chef(or) manikin?

Ansible is Agentless design the board device, where manikin or gourmet expert needs operator
should be kept running on the specialist hub and culinary specialist or manikin depends on draw
demonstrate, where your cookbook or show for gourmet expert and manikin separately from
the ace will be pulled by the operator and ansible uses ssh to convey and it gives information
driven guidelines to the hubs should be overseen , progressively like RPC execution, ansible
utilizations YAML scripting, though manikin (or) culinary specialist is worked by ruby uses their
own DSL .

Q86) What is Jinja2 templating in ansible playbooks and their utilization?

Jinja2 templating is the Python standard for templating , consider it like a sed editorial manager
for Ansible , where it very well may be utilized is when there is a requirement for dynamic
change of any config record to any application like consider mapping a MySQL application to the
IP address of the machine, where it is running, it can’t be static , it needs modifying it
progressively at runtime.

Arrangement

The vars inside the supports are supplanted by ansible while running utilizing layout module.

Q87) What is the requirement for sorting out playbooks as the job, is it vital?

Arranging playbooks as jobs , gives greater clarity and reusability to any plays , while consider an
errand where MySQL establishment ought to be done after the evacuation of Oracle DB , and
another prerequisite is expected to introduce MySQL after java establishment, in the two cases
we have to introduce MySQL , yet without jobs need to compose playbooks independently for
both use cases , yet utilizing jobs once the MySQL establishment job is made can be used any
number of times by summoning utilizing rationale in site.yaml .

No, it isn’t important to make jobs for each situation, however making jobs is the best practice in
Ansible.

Q88) What is the fundamental disservice of Docker holders?

As the lifetime of any compartments is while pursuing a holder is wrecked you can’t recover any
information inside a compartment, the information inside a compartment is lost perpetually,
however tenacious capacity for information inside compartments should be possible utilizing
volumes mount to an outer source like host machine and any NFS drivers.

Q89) What are the docker motor and docker form?

Docker motor contacts the docker daemon inside the machine and makes the runtime condition
and procedure for any compartment, docker make connects a few holders to shape as a stack
utilized in making application stacks like LAMP, WAMP, XAMP

Q90) What are the Different modes does a holder can be run?

Docker holder can be kept running in two modes

Connected: Where it will be kept running in the forefront of the framework you are running,
gives a terminal inside to compartment when – t choice is utilized with it, where each log will be
diverted to stdout screen.

Isolates: This mode is typically kept running underway, where the holder is confined as a
foundation procedure and each yield inside a compartment will be diverted log records
inside/var/lib/docker/logs/<container-id>/<container-id.json> and which can be seen by docker
logs order.

Q91) What the yield of docker assess order will be?

Docker examines <container-id> will give yield in JSON position, which contains subtleties like
the IP address of the compartment inside the docker virtual scaffold and volume mount data and
each other data identified with host (or) holder explicit like the basic document driver utilized,
log driver utilized.

docker investigate [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID…]

Choices
Name, shorthand Default Description

group, – f Format the yield utilizing the given Go layout

measure, – s Display all out document sizes if the sort is the compartment

type Return JSON for a predefined type

Q92) What is the order can be utilized to check the asset usage by docker holders?

Docker details order can be utilized to check the asset usage of any docker holder, it gives the
yield practically equivalent to Top direction in Linux, it shapes the base for compartment asset
observing instruments like a counsel, which gets yield from docker details order.

docker details [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER…]

Choices

Name, shorthand Default Description

all, – a Show all holders (default demonstrates simply running)

group Pretty-print pictures utilizing a Go layout

no-stream Disable spilling details and just draw the main outcome

no-trunc Do not truncate yield

Q93) How to execute some errand (or) play on localhost just while executing playbooks on
various has on an ansible?

In ansible, there is a module called delegate_to, in this module area give the specific host (or)
has where your errands (or) assignment should be run.

undertakings:

name: ” Elasticsearch Hitting”

uri: url=’_search?q=status:new’ headers='{“Content-type”:”application/json”}’ method=GET
return_content=yes

register: yield

delegate_to: 127.0.0.1

Q94) What is the distinction among set_fact and vars in ansible?

Where a set_fact sets the incentive for a factor at one time and stays static, despite the fact that
the esteem is very powerful and vars continue changing according to the esteem continues
changing for the variable.

assignments:

set_fact:

fact_time: “Truth: ”

troubleshoot: var=fact_time

order: rest 2

troubleshoot: var=fact_time

assignments:
name: queries in factors versus queries in realities

has: localhost

vars:

var_time: “Var: ”

Despite the fact that the query for the date has been utilized in both the cases, wherein the vars
are utilized it modifies dependent on an opportunity to time each time executed inside the
playbook lifetime. Be that as it may, Fact dependably continues as before once query is finished

Q95) What is a query in ansible and what are query modules bolstered by ansible?

Query modules enable access to information in Ansible from outside sources. These modules are
assessed on the Ansible control machine and can incorporate perusing the filesystem yet in
addition reaching outside information stores and administrations.

Organization is {lookup{‘<plugin>’,'<source(or)connection_string>’}}

A portion of the query modules upheld by ansible are

Document

pipe

redis
jinja layouts

etcd kv store

Q96) How might you erase the docker pictures put away at your nearby machine and how might
you do it for every one of the pictures without a moment’s delay?

The direction docker RMI <image-id> can be utilized to erase the docker picture from nearby
machine, though a few pictures may should be constrained in light of the fact that the picture
might be utilized by some other holder (or) another picture , to erase pictures you can utilize the
mix of directions by docker RMI $(docker pictures – q), where docker pictures will give the
docker picture names, to get just the ID of docker pictures just , we are utilizing – q switch with
docker pictures order.

Q97) What are the organizers in the Jenkins establishment and their employments?

JENKINS_HOME – which will be/$JENKINS_USER/.jenkins it is the root envelope of any Jenkins

establishment and it contains subfolders each for various purposes.

employments/ – Folder contains all the data pretty much every one of the occupations arranged
in the Jenkins example.

Inside employments/, you will have the envelope made for each activity and inside those
organizers, you will have fabricate organizers as indicated by each form numbers each form will
have its log records, which we see in Jenkins web support.

Modules/ – where all your modules will be recorded.

Workspace/ – this will be available to hold all the workspace documents like your source code
pulled from SCM.

Q98) What are the approaches to design Jenkins framework?

Jenkins can be designed in two different ways

Web: Where there is a choice called design a framework, in their area, you can make all setup
changes.

Manual on filesystem: Where each change should likewise be possible straightforwardly on the
Jenkins config.xml document under the Jenkins establishment catalog, after you make changes
on the filesystem, you have to restart your Jenkins, either can do it specifically from terminal (or)
you can utilize Reload setup from plate under oversee Jenkins menu or you can hit/restart
endpoint straightforwardly.

Q99) What is the job Of HTTP REST API in DevOps?

As DevOps is absolutely centers around Automating your framework and gives changes over the
pipeline to various stages like an every CI/CD pipeline will have stages like form, test, mental
soundness test, UAT, Deployment to Prod condition similarly as with each phase there are
diverse devices is utilized and distinctive innovation stack is displayed and there should be an
approach to incorporate with various instrument for finishing an arrangement toolchain, there
comes a requirement for HTTP API , where each apparatus speaks with various devices utilizing
API , and even client can likewise utilize SDK to interface with various devices like BOTOX for
Python to contact AWS API’s for robotization dependent on occasions , these days its not cluster
handling any longer , it is generally occasion driven pipelines

Q100) What are Micro services, and how they control proficient DevOps rehearses?

Where In conventional engineering , each application is stone monument application implies

that anything is created by a gathering of designers, where it has been sent as a solitary
application in numerous machines and presented to external world utilizing load balances,
where the micro services implies separating your application into little pieces, where each piece
serves the distinctive capacities expected to finish a solitary exchange and by separating ,
designers can likewise be shaped to gatherings and each bit of utilization may pursue diverse
rules for proficient advancement stage, as a result of spry improvement ought to be staged up a
bit and each administration utilizes REST API (or) Message lines to convey between another
administration.

So manufacture and arrival of a non-strong form may not influence entire design, rather, some
usefulness is lost, that gives the confirmation to productive and quicker CI/CD pipelines and
DevOps Practices.

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Q101) What are the manners in which that a pipeline can be made in Jenkins?

There are two different ways of a pipeline can be made in Jenkins

Scripted Pipelines:

Progressively like a programming approach

Explanatory pipelines:

DSL approach explicitly to make Jenkins pipelines.

The pipeline ought to be made in Jenkins document and the area can either be in SCM or nearby
framework.

Definitive and Scripted Pipelines are developed on a very basic level in an unexpected way.
Definitive Pipeline is a later element of Jenkins Pipeline which:

gives more extravagant grammatical highlights over Scripted Pipeline language structure, and is
intended to make composing and perusing Pipeline code less demanding.

Q102) What are the Labels in Jenkins and where it tends to be used?

Similarly as with CI/CD arrangement should be concentrated , where each application in the
association can be worked by a solitary CI/CD server , so in association there might be various
types of utilization like java, c#,.NET and so forth, likewise with microservices approach your
programming stack is inexactly coupled for the task , so you can have Labeled in every hub and
select the choice Only assembled employments while name coordinating this hub, so when a
manufacture is planned with the mark of the hub present in it, it hangs tight for next agent in
that hub to be accessible, despite the fact that there are different agents in hubs.

Q103) What is the utilization of Blueocean in Jenkins?

Blue Ocean reconsiders the client experience of Jenkins. Planned from the beginning for Jenkins
Pipeline, yet at the same time good with free-form occupations, Blue Ocean diminishes mess
and builds lucidity for each individual from the group.

It gives complex UI to recognize each phase of the pipeline and better pinpointing for issues and
extremely rich Pipeline editorial manager for apprentices.

Q104) What is the callback modules in Ansible, give a few instances of some callback modules?

Callback modules empower adding new practices to Ansible when reacting to occasions. Of
course, callback modules control a large portion of the yield you see when running the direction
line programs, however can likewise be utilized to include an extra yield, coordinate with
different apparatuses and marshall the occasions to a capacity backend. So at whatever point a
play is executed and after it creates a few occasions, that occasions are imprinted onto Stdout
screen, so callback module can be put into any capacity backend for log preparing.

Model callback modules are ansible-logstash, where each playbook execution is brought by
logstash in the JSON group and can be incorporated some other backend source like
elasticsearch.

Q105) What are the scripting dialects can be utilized in DevOps?

As with scripting dialects, the fundamental shell scripting is utilized to construct ventures in
Jenkins pipelines and python contents can be utilized with some other devices like Ansible ,
terraform as a wrapper content for some other complex choice unraveling undertakings in any
mechanization as python is more unrivaled in complex rationale deduction than shell contents
and ruby contents can likewise be utilized as fabricate ventures in Jenkins.
Q106) What is Continuous Monitoring and why checking is basic in DevOps?

DevOps draws out each association capacity of fabricate and discharge cycle to be a lot shorter
with an idea of CI/CD, where each change is reflected into generation conditions fastly, so it
should be firmly observed to get client input. So the idea of constant checking has been utilized
to assess every application execution progressively (at any rate Near Real Time) , where every
application is produced with application execution screen specialists perfect and the granular
dimension of measurements are taken out like JVM details and even practical savvy
measurements inside the application can likewise be spilled out progressively to Agents , which
thusly provides for any backend stockpiling and that can be utilized by observing groups in
dashboards and cautions to get persistently screen the application.

Q107) Give a few instances of persistent observing instruments?

Where numerous persistent observing instruments are accessible in the market, where utilized
for an alternate sort of use and sending model

Docker compartments can be checked by consultant operator, which can be utilized by

Elasticsearch to store measurements (or) you can utilize TICK stack (Telegraph, influxdb,
Chronograph, Capacitor) for each framework observing in NRT(Near Real Time) and You can
utilize Logstash (or) Beats to gather Logs from framework , which thusly can utilize Elasticsearch
as Storage Backend can utilize Kibana (or) Grafana as visualizer.

The framework observing should be possible by Nagios and Icinga.

Q108) What is docker swarm?

Gathering of Virtual machines with Docker Engine can be grouped and kept up as a solitary
framework and the assets likewise being shared by the compartments and docker swarm ace
calendars the docker holder in any of the machines under the bunch as indicated by asset
accessibility

Docker swarm init can be utilized to start docker swarm bunch and docker swarm joins with the
ace IP from customer joins the hub into the swarm group.
Q109) What are Microservices, and how they control productive DevOps rehearses?

Where In conventional engineering , each application is stone monument application implies

that anything is created by a gathering of designers, where it has been conveyed as a solitary
application in numerous machines and presented to external world utilizing load balancers,
where the microservices implies separating your application into little pieces, where each piece
serves the diverse capacities expected to finish a solitary exchange and by separating , engineers
can likewise be shaped to gatherings and each bit of utilization may pursue distinctive rules for
proficient advancement stage, on account of light-footed improvement ought to be staged up a
bit and each administration utilizes REST API (or) Message lines to impart between another
administration.

So manufacture and arrival of a non-hearty variant may not influence entire design, rather, some
usefulness is lost, that gives the affirmation to proficient and quicker CI/CD pipelines and DevOps
Practices.

Q110) What are the manners in which that a pipeline can be made in Jenkins?

There are two different ways of a pipeline can be made in Jenkins

Scripted Pipelines:

Progressively like a programming approach

Explanatory pipelines:

DSL approach explicitly to make Jenkins pipelines.

The pipeline ought to be made in Jenkins record and the area can either be in SCM or
neighborhood framework.

Definitive and Scripted Pipelines are developed in a general sense in an unexpected way.
Explanatory Pipeline is a later element of Jenkins Pipeline which:

gives more extravagant linguistic highlights over Scripted Pipeline sentence structure, and is
intended to make composing and perusing Pipeline code simpler.

Q111) What are the Labels in Jenkins and where it very well may be used?

Likewise with CI/CD arrangement should be incorporated , where each application in the
association can be worked by a solitary CI/CD server , so in association there might be various
types of use like java, c#,.NET and so forth, similarly as with microservices approach your
programming stack is inexactly coupled for the undertaking , so you can have Labeled in every
hub and select the alternative Only assembled occupations while mark coordinating this hub, so
when a fabricate is booked with the name of the hub present in it, it sits tight for next agent in
that hub to be accessible, despite the fact that there are different agents in hubs.

Q112) What is the utilization of Blueocean in Jenkins?

Blue Ocean reexamines the client experience of Jenkins. Planned starting from the earliest stage
for Jenkins Pipeline, yet at the same time good with free-form occupations, Blue Ocean lessens
mess and expands clearness for each individual from the group.

It gives modern UI to recognize each phase of the pipeline and better pinpointing for issues and
rich Pipeline proofreader for fledglings.

Q113) What is the callback modules in ansible, give a few instances of some callback modules?

Callback modules empower adding new practices to Ansible when reacting to occasions. As a
matter of course, callback modules control the greater part of the yield you see when running
the direction line programs, yet can likewise be utilized to include an extra yield, coordinate with
different instruments and marshall the occasions to a capacity backend. So at whatever point a
play is executed and after it delivers a few occasions, that occasions are imprinted onto Stdout
screen, so callback module can be put into any capacity backend for log handling.

Precedent callback modules are ansible-logstash, where each playbook execution is gotten by
logstash in the JSON position and can be incorporated some other backend source like
elasticsearch.

Q114) What are the scripting dialects can be utilized in DevOps?

As with scripting dialects, the fundamental shell scripting is utilized to assemble ventures in
Jenkins pipelines and python contents can be utilized with some other instruments like Ansible.

Q115) For what reason is each instrument in DevOps is generally has some DSL (Domain Specific
Language)?

Devops is a culture created to address the necessities of lithe procedure, where the
advancement rate is quicker ,so sending should coordinate its speed and that needs activities
group to arrange and work with dev group, where everything can computerize utilizing content
based , however it feels more like tasks group than , it gives chaotic association of any pipelines,
more the utilization cases , more the contents should be composed , so there are a few use
cases, which will be sufficient to cover the requirements of light-footed are taken and
apparatuses are made by that and customization can occur over the device utilizing DSL to
mechanize the DevOps practice and Infra the board.

Q116) What are the mists can be incorporated with Jenkins and what are the utilization cases?

Jenkins can be coordinated with various cloud suppliers for various use cases like dynamic
Jenkins slaves, Deploy to cloud conditions.

A portion of the cloud can be incorporated are

AWS

Purplish blue

Google Cloud

OpenStack

Q117) What are Docker volumes and what sort of volume ought to be utilized to accomplish
relentless capacity?

Docker volumes are the filesystem mount focuses made by client for a compartment or a volume
can be utilized by numerous holders, and there are distinctive sorts of volume mount accessible
void dir, Post mount, AWS upheld lbs volume, Azure volume, Google Cloud (or) even NFS, CIFS
filesystems, so a volume ought to be mounted to any of the outer drives to accomplish
determined capacity, in light of the fact that a lifetime of records inside compartment, is as yet
the holder is available and if holder is erased, the information would be lost.

Q118) What are the Artifacts store can be incorporated with Jenkins?

Any sort of Artifacts vault can be coordinated with Jenkins, utilizing either shell directions (or)
devoted modules, some of them are Nexus, Jfrog.

Q119) What are a portion of the testing apparatuses that can be coordinated with Jenkins and
notice their modules?

Sonar module – can be utilized to incorporate testing of Code quality in your source code.

Execution module – this can be utilized to incorporate JMeter execution testing.

Junit – to distribute unit test reports.

Selenium module – can be utilized to incorporate with selenium for computerization testing.

Q120) What are the manufacture triggers accessible in Jenkins?

Fabricates can be run physically (or) either can naturally be activated by various sources like

Webhooks- The webhooks are API calls from SCM, at whatever point a code is submitted into a
vault (or) should be possible for explicit occasions into explicit branches.

Gerrit code survey trigger-Gerrit is an opensource code audit instrument, at whatever point a
code change is endorsed after audit construct can be activated.
Trigger Build Remotely – You can have remote contents in any machine (or) even AWS lambda
capacities (or) make a post demand to trigger forms in Jenkins.

Calendar Jobs-Jobs can likewise be booked like Cron occupations.

Survey SCM for changes – Where your Jenkins searches for any progressions in SCM for the given
interim, if there is a change, a manufacture can be activated.

Upstream and Downstream Jobs-Where a construct can be activated by another activity that is
executed already.

Q121) How to Version control Docker pictures?

Docker pictures can be form controlled utilizing Tags, where you can relegate the tag to any
picture utilizing docker tag <image-id> order. Furthermore, on the off chance that you are
pushing any docker center library without labeling the default label would be doled out which is
most recent, regardless of whether a picture with the most recent is available, it indicates that
picture without the tag and reassign that to the most recent push picture.

Q122) What is the utilization of Timestamper module in Jenkins?

It adds Timestamp to each line to the comfort yield of the assemble.

Q123) Why you ought not execute an expand on ace?

You can run an expand on ace in Jenkins , yet it isn’t prudent, in light of the fact that the ace as
of now has the duty of planning assembles and getting incorporate yields with JENKINS_HOME
index, so on the off chance that we run an expand on Jenkins ace, at that point it furthermore
needs to manufacture apparatuses, and workspace for source code, so it puts execution over-
burden in the framework, if the Jenkins ace accidents, it expands the downtime of your fabricate
and discharge cycle.

Q124) What do the main benefits of DevOps?

With a single team composed of cross-functional comments simply working in collaboration,
DevOps organizations container produce including maximum speed, functionality, including
innovation. Where continue special benefits: Continuous software control. Shorter complexity to
manage.

Q125) What are the uses of DevOps tools?

Gradle. Your DevOps device stack will need a reliable build tool.

Git. Git is one from the most successful DevOps tools, widely applied across the specific software
industry.

Jenkins. Jenkins is that go-to DevOps automation tool for many software community teams.

Bamboo.

Docker.

Kubernetes.

Puppet Enterprise.

Ansible.

Q126) What is DevOps beginner?

DevOps is a society which supports collaboration between Development including Operations

Team to deploy key to increase faster in an automated & repeatable way. In innocent words,
DevOps backside is established as an association of development and IT operations including
excellent communication and collaboration.

Q127) What is the roles and responsibilities of the DevOps engineer?

DevOps Engineer manages with developers including the IT system to manage the code releases.
They are both developers cases become interested in deployment including practice settings or
sysadmins who convert a passion for scripting and coding more move toward the development
front where all can improve that planning from test and deployment.

Q128) Which is the top DevOps tools? and it’s Which tools have you worked on?

Discover about the trending Top DevOps Tools including Git. Well, if you live considering DevOps
being a tool when, you are wrong! DevOps does not a tool or software, it’s an appreciation that
you can adopt for continuous growth. file and, by practicing it you can simply coordinate this
work among your team.

Q129) Explain the typical characters involved in DevOps?

Commitment to the superior level in the organization.

Need for silver to be delivered across the organization.

Version check software.

Automated tools to compliance to process.

Automated Testing

Automated Deployment

Q130) What are your expectations from a career perspective of DevOps?

To be involved in the end to end delivery method and the most important phase of helping to
change the manner so as to allow that development and operations teams to go together also
understand each other’s point of view.

Q131) What does configuration management under terms like infrastructure further review
some popular tools used?

In Software Engineering Software Configuration Management is a unique task about tracking to

make the setting configuration during the infrastructure with one change. It is done for
deploying, configuring and maintaining servers.

Q132) How will you approach when each design must to implement DevOps?

As the application is generated and deployed, we do need to control its performance.

Monitoring means also really important because it might further to uncover some defects which
might not have been detected earlier.

Q133) Explain about from Continuous Testing

From the above goal of Continuous Integration which is to take this application excuse to close
users are primarily providing continuous delivery. This backside is completed out any adequate
number about unit testing and automation testing. Hence, we must validate that this system
created and integrated with all the developers that work as required.

Q134) Explain about from Continuous Delivery.

Continuous Delivery means an extension of Constant Integration which primarily serves to make
the features which some developers continue developing out on some end users because soon
as possible. During this process, it passes through several stages of QA, Staging etc., and before
for delivery to the PRODUCTION system.

Q135) What are the tasks also responsibilities of DevOps engineer?

In this role, you’ll work collaboratively including software engineering to use and operate our
systems. Help automate also streamline our procedures and processes. Build also maintain tools
for deployment, monitoring, including operations. And troubleshoot and resolve problems in our
dev, search and production environments.

Q136) What is defined DevOps engineer should know?

DevOps Engineer goes including developers and that IT staff to manage this code releases. They
live both developers who become involved through deployment including web services or
sysadmins that become a passion for scripting and coding more move into the development
design where only can develop this planning from search also deployment.

Q137) How much makes any DevOps engineer make?

A lead DevOps engineer can get between $137,000 including $180,000, according to April 2018
job data of Glassdoor. The common salary from any lead DevOps engineer based at the Big Apple
is $141,452.

Q138) What mean the specific skills required for a DevOps engineer?

While tech abilities are a must, strong DevOps engineers further possess this ability to
collaborate, multi-task, also always place that customer first. critical skills that all DevOps
engineer requirements for success.
Q139) What is DevOps also why is it important?

Implementing the new approach would take in many advantages on an organization. A seamless
collection up can be performed in the teams of developers, test managers, and operational
executives also hence they can work in collaboration including each other to achieve a greater
output on a project.

Q140) What is means by DevOps lifecycle?

DevOps means an agile connection between development including operations. It means any
process followed by this development because well because of help drivers clean of this starting
of this design to production support. Understanding DevOps means incomplete excuse
estimated DevOps lifecycle.

Tools for an efficient DevOps workflow. A daily workflow based at DevOps thoughts allows team
members to achieve content faster, be flexible just to both experiments also deliver value, also
help each part from this organization use a learning mentality.

Q142) Can you make DevOps without agile?

DevOps is one about some key elements to assist you to achieve this. Can you do agile software
evolution without doing DevOps But managing agile software development and being agile are a
couple really different things.

Q143) What exactly defined is DevOps?

DevOps is all of bringing commonly the structure also process of traditional operations, so being
support deployment, including any tools, also practices of traditional construction methods so as
source control also versioning.

Q144) Need for Continuous Integration:

Improves the quality of software.

Reduction in time taken to delivery

Allows dev team to detect and locate problems early

Q145) Success factor for the Continuous Integration

Maintain Code Repository

Automate the build

Perform daily checkin and commits to baseline

Test in clone environment

Keep the build fast

Make it easy to get the newest deliverables

Q146) Can we copy Jenkins job from one server to other server?

Yes, we can do that using one of the following ways

We can copy the Jenkins jobs from one server to other server by copying the corresponding jobs
folder.

We can make a copy of the existing job by making clone of a job directory with different names

Rename the existing job by renaming the directory

Q147) How can we create the backup and copy in Jenkins?

We can copy or backup, we need to backup JENKINS_HOME directory which contains the details
of all the job configurations, build details etc.

Q148) Difference between “poll scm” and “build periodically”

Poll SCM will trigger the build only if it detects the change in SCM, whereas Build Periodically will
trigger the build once the given time period is elapsed.

Q149) What is difference between docker image and docker container?

Docker image is a readonly template that contains the instructions for a container to start.

Docker container is a runnable instance of a docker image

Q150) What is Application Containerization?

It is a process of OS Level virtualization technique used to deploy the application without

launching the entire VM for each application where multiple isolated applications or services can
access the same Host and run on the same OS.

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Q151) syntax for building docker image

docker build –f <filename> -t imagename:version

Q152) running docker image

docker run –dt –restart=always –p <hostport>:<containerport> -h <hostname> -v

<hostvolume>:<containervolume> imagename:version

Q153) How to log into a container

docker exec –it <containerID> /bin/bash

Q154) What is Puppet?

Puppet is a Configuration Management tool, Puppet is used to automate administration tasks.

Q155) What is Configuration Management?

Configuration Management is the System engineering process. Configuration Management

applied over the life cycle of a system provides visibility and control of its performance,
functional, and physical attributesrecording their status and in support of Change Management.

Q156) List the Software Configuration Management Features.

Enforcement

Cooperating Enablement
Version Control Friendly

Enable Change Control Processes

Q157) List out the 5 Best Software Configuration Management Tools.

CFEngine Configuration Tool.

CHEF Configuration Tool

Ansible Configuration Tool

Puppet Configuration Tool.

SALTSTACK Configuration Tool.

Q158) Why should Puppet be chosen?

It has good community support

Easy to Learn Programming Language DSL

It is open source

Q159) What is Saltstack?

SaltStack is based on Python programming & Scripiting language. Its also a configuration
tool.Saltstack works on a non-centralized model or a master-client setup model. it provides a
push and SSH methods to communicate with clients.

Q160) Why should Puppet to be chosen?

There are Some Reason puppet to be chosen.

Puppet is open source

Easy to Learn Programming Language DSL

Puppet has good community support

Q161) Advantages of VCS

Multiple people can work on the same project and it helps us to keep track of the files and
documents and their changes.

We can merge the changes from multiple developers to single stream.

Helps us to revert to the earlier version if the current version is broke.

Helps us to maintain multiple version of the software at the same location without rewriting.

Q162) Advantages of DevOps

Below are the major advantages

Technical:

Continuous software delivery

Less Complexity

Faster Resolution

Business:

Faster delivery of the features

More stable operating environment

Improved communication and collaboration between various teams

Q163) Use cases where we can use DevOps

Explain the legacy / old procedures that are followed to develop and deploy software

Problems of that approach

How can we solve the above issues using DevOps.

For the 1st and 2nd points, development of the application, problems in build and deployment,
problems in operations, problems in debugging and fixing the issues

For 3rd point explain various technologies we can use to ease the deployments, for
development, explain about taking small features and development, how it helps for testing and
issue fixing.

Q164) Major difference between Agile and DevOps

Agile is the set of rules/principles and guidelines about how to develop a software. There are
chances that this developed software works only on developer’s environment. But to release
that software to public consumption and deploy in production environment, we will use the
DevOps tools and Techniques for the operation of that software.

In a nutshell, Agile is the set of rules for the development of a software, but DevOps focus more
on Development as well as Operation of the Developed software in various environments.

Q165) What Are the Benefits Of Nosql?

Non-relationals and schema-less data models

Low latency and high performance

Highly scalable

Q166) What Are Adoptions Of Devops In Industry?

Use of the agile and other development processes and methods.

Demand for an increased rate of the production releases from application and business.

Wide availability of virtuals and cloud infrastructure from both internal and external providers;

Increased usage of the data center ,automation and configuration management tools;

Increased focus on the test automation and continuous integration methods;

Best practices on the critical issues.

Q167) How Is the Chef Used As a Cm Tool ?

Chef is the considered to be one of the preferred industry-wide CM tools. Facebook migrated its
an infrastructure and backend IT to the Chef platform, for example. Explain how to the Chef
helps you to avoid delays by automating processes. The scripts are written in Ruby. It can
integrate with a cloud-based platforms and configure new systems. It provides many libraries for
the infrastructure development that can later to be deployed within a software. Thanks to its
centralized management system, one of the Chef server is enough to be used as the center for
deploying various policies.

Q168) Why Are the Configuration Management Processes And Tools Important ?
Talk about to multiple software builds, releases, revisions, and versions for each other software
or testware that is being developed. Move on to explain the need for storing and maintaining
data, keeping track of the development builds and simplified troubleshooting. Don’t forget to
mention that key CM tools that can be used to the achieve these objectives. Talk about how to
tools like Puppet, Ansible, and Chef help in automating software deployment and configuration
on several servers.

Q169) Which Are the Some Of the Most Popular Devops Tools ?

The most popular DevOps tools included`

Selenium

Puppet

Chef

Git

Jenkins

Ansible

Q170) What Are the Vagrant And Its Uses?

Vagrant used to virtual box as the hypervisor for virtual environments and in current scenario it
is also supporting the KVM. Kernel-based Virtual Machine.

Vagrant is a tool that can created and managed environments for the testing and developing
software. Devops Training Free Demo

Q171) How to Devops Is Helpful To Developers ?

To fix the bug and implements new features of the quickly. It provides to the clarity of
communications among team members.

Q172) Name of The Popular Scripting Language Of the Devops ?

Python
Q173) List of The Agile Methodology Of the Devops?

DevOps is a process

Agile is the same as DevOps.

Separate group are framed.

It is problem solving.

Developers managing production

DevOps is the development-driven release management

Q174) Which Are The Areas of Devops Are Implemented?

Production Development

Creation of the productions feedback and its development

IT Operations development

Q175) The Scope For SSH ?

SSH is a Secure Shell which provides users with a secure, encrypted mechanism to log into
systems and transfer files.

To log out the remote machine and worked on command line.

To secure encrypted of the communications between two hosts over an insecure network.

Q176) What Are The Advantages Of Devops With Respect To the Technical And Business
Perspective?

Technical benefits

Software delivery is continuous.

Reduces Complexity in problems.

Faster approach to resolve problems

Manpower is reduced.

Business benefits
High rate of delivering its features

Stable operating environments

More time gained to Add values.

Enabling faster feature time to market

Q177) What Are The Core Operations Of the Devops In Terms Of the Development And
Infrastructure ?

The core operations of DevOps

Application development

Code developing

Code coverage

Unit testing

Packaging

Deployment With infrastructure

Provisioning

Configuration

Orchestration

Deployment

Q178) What Are The Anti-patterns Of Devops?

A pattern is common usage usually followed. If a pattern of thecommonly adopted by others

does not work for your organization and you continue to blindly follow it, you are essentially
adopting an anti-pattern. There are myths about DevOps.

Some of them include

DevOps is a process

Agile equals DevOps

We need a separate DevOps group

Devops will solve all our problems

DevOps means Developers Managing Production

DevOps is Development-driven release management

DevOps is not development driven.

DevOps is not IT Operations driven.

We can’t do DevOps – We’re Unique

We can’t do DevOps – We’re got the wrong people

Q179) What are The Most Important Thing Devops Helps Us Achieve?

The most important thing that the DevOps helps us achieve is to get the changes into production
as quickly as possible while that minimizing risks in software quality assurance and compliance.
This is the primary objective of DevOps.

For example clear communication and better working relationships between teams i.e. both of
the Ops team and Dev team collaborate together to deliver good quality software which in turn
leads to higher customer satisfaction.

Q180) How Can Make a Sure New Service Is Ready For The Products Launched?

Backup System

Recovery plans

Load Balancing

Monitoring

Centralized logging

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Q181) How to All These Tools Work for Together?

Given below is a generic logical of the flow where everything gets are automated for seamless
delivery. However, its flow may vary from organization to the organization as per the
requirement.
Developers develop the code and this source code is managed by Version Control System of the
tools like Git etc.

Developers send to this code of the Git repository and any changes made in the code is
committed to this Repository.

Jenkins pulls this code from the repository using the Git plugin and build it using tools like Ant or
Maven.

Configuration managements tools like puppet deploys & provisions testing environment and
then Jenkins releases this code on the test to environment on which testing is done using tools
like selenium.

Once the code are tested, Jenkins send it for the deployment on production to the server (even
production server are provisioned & maintained by tools like puppet).

After deployment Its continuously monitored by tools like Nagios.

Docker containers provides testing environment to the test the build features.

Q182) Which Are The Top Devops Tools?

The most popular DevOps tools are mentioned below

Git Version Control System tool

Jenkins Continuous Integration tool

Selenium Continuous Testing tool

Puppet, Chef, Ansible are Configuration Management and Deployment tools

Nagios Continuous Monitoring tool

Docker Containerization tool

Q183) How to Devops Different From the Agile / Sdlc?

Agile are the set of the values and principles about how to produce i.e. develop software.

Example if you have some ideas and you want to the turn those ideas into the working
software, you can use the Agile values are principles as a way to do that. But, that software
might only be working on developer’s laptop or in a test environment. You want a way to
quickly, easily and repeatably move that software into the production infrastructure, in a safe
and simple way. To do that you needs are DevOps tools and techniques.

You can summarize by saying Agile of the software development methodology focuses on the
development for software but DevOps on the other hand is responsible for the development as
well as deployment of the software to the safest and most reliable way to the possible. Here’s a
blog that will give you more information of the evolutions of the DevOps.

Q184) What Is The Need For Devops?

According to me, this should start by explaining the general market trend. Instead of the
releasing big sets of the features, companies are trying to see if small features can be
transported to their customers through a series of the release trains. This have many advantages
like quick feedback from the customers, better quality of the software etc. which in turn leads to
the high customer satisfaction.

To achieve this, companies are required to

Increase deployment frequency

Lower failure rate of new releases

Shortened lead time between fixes

Faster mean time to recovery of the event of new release crashing

Q185) What is meant by Continuous Integration?

It’s the development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository
several times a day. Each check-in then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to the
detect problems early.

Q186) Mention some of the useful plugins in Jenkins.

Below, I have mentioned some important are Plugins:

Maven 2 project
Amazon EC2

HTML publisher

Copy artifact

Join

Green Balls

Q187) What is Version control?

Its the system that records changes are the file or set of the files over time so that you can recall
specific versions later.

Q188) What are the uses of Version control ?

Revert files back to a previous state. Revert to the entire project back to a previous state.

Compare changes over time.

See who last modified the something that might to be causing a problem.

Who introduced an issue and when.

Q189) What are the containers?

Containers are the of lightweight virtualization, heavier than ‘chroot’ but lighter than
‘hypervisors’. They provide isolation among processes

Q190) What is meant by Continuous Integration?

It is a development practice that requires are developers to integrate code into the shared
repository several times a day.

Q191) What’s a PTR in DNS?

Pointer (PTR) record to used for the revers DNS (Domain Name System) lookup.

Q192) What testing is necessary to insure a new service is ready for production?

Continuous testing

Q193) What is Continuous Testing?

It is the process of executing on tests as part of the software delivery pipelines to obtain can
immediate for feedback is the business of the risks associated with in the latest build.

Q194) What is Automation Testing?

Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of the automating that manual process to
test the application/system under test.

Q195) What are the key elements of continuous testing?

Risk assessments, policy analysis, requirements traceabilities, advanced analysis, test

optimisation, and service virtualisations

Q196) What are the Testing types supported by Selenium?

Regression testing and functional testing

Also Read>> Top Selenium Interview Questions & Answers

Q197) What is Puppet?

It is a Configuration Management tool which is used to the automate administration of the tasks.

Q198) How does HTTP work?

The HTTP protocol are works in a client and server model like most other protocols. A web
browser using which a request is initiated is called as a client and a web servers software which
are the responds to that request is called a server. World Wide Web Consortium of the Internet
Engineering Task Force are two importants spokes are the standardization of the HTTP protocol.

Q199) Describe two-factor authentication?

Two-factors authentication are the security process in which the user to provides two means of
the identification from separate categories of credentials.

Q200) What is git add?

adds the file changes to the staging area

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Q201) What is git commit?

Commits the changes to the HEAD (staging area)

Q202) What is git push?

Sends the changes to the remote repository

Q203) What is git checkout?

Switch branch or restore working files

Q204) What is git branch?

Creates a branch

Q205) What is git fetch?

Fetch the latest history from the remote server and updates the local repo
Q206) What is git merge?

Joins two or more branches together

Q207) What is git pull?

Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch (git fetch + git merge)

Q208) What is git rebase?

Process of moving or combining a sequence of commits to a new base commit

Q209) What is git revert?

To revert a commit that has already been published and made public

Q210 What is git clone?

Ans: clones the git repository and creates a working copy in the local machine

Q211) What is the difference between the Annie Playbook book and the characters?

Roles

The characters are a restructured entity of a play. Plays are on playbooks.

A set of functions to accomplish the specific role. Maps between hosts and roles.

Example: Common, Winners. Example: site.yml, fooservers.yml, webservers.yml.

Q212) How do I see all the ansible_ variables list?

By naturally collecting “facts” about the machines, these facts can be accessed in Playbooks and
in templates. To see a list of all the facts about a computer, you can run a “setup” block as an ad
hoc activity:

Ansible -m system hostname

It will print a dictionary of all the facts available for that particular host.

Q213) What is Doctor?

Docax is a container technology that connects your application and all its functions into the form
of containers to ensure that you are running uninterrupted in any situation of your use.

Q214) What is the Tagore film?

Tucker is the source of the dagger container. Or in other words, dagger pictures are used to
create containers.

Q215) What is the tooger container?

Dogger Container is a phenomenon of the film.

Q216) Do we consider Dev Devils as a smart way?

Of course, we !! The only difference between dynamic algorithms and DevObs is that the
dynamic process is implemented for the development section and activates both DevOps
development and functionality.

Q217) What are the benefits of using Git?

Data personality and copy

Get high
only one. A directory directory in the repository

High disk usage and network performance

Joint friendship

Git can use any kind of projects.

Q218) What is kernel?

A kernel, the software that can easily change the hardware interfaces of your computer.

Q219) What is the difference between grep -i and grep -v?

I accept this value

L) ls | grep -i docker

Dockerfile

docker.tar.gz

ls | grep -v docker

Desktop
Dockerfile

Documents

Downloads

You can not find anything with name docker.tar.gz

Q220) You can define a specific location for the file

This feature is generally used to give the server a replacement location. Let me tell you on the
computer below and I want to create 1GB swap space,

dd if = / dev / zero = = / swapfile1 bs = 1G count = 1

Q221) What is the concept of sudo in Linux?

Pseudo is an application for Unix-and Linux-based systems that provide the ability to allow
specific users to use specific system commands in the system’s root level.

Q222) What is Jenkins pipe?

Jenkins pipeline (or simply “tube”) is an additional package that supports and activates
continuous delivery tube in Jenkins.

Q223) How to stop and restart the toxin container?

Stop container: stop container container ID

Reboot the Tucker Container now: Docer Re-container ID

Q224) Which sites are running by Tagore?

Docax is running on Linux and Cloud platforms only:

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS +

Fedora 20+

RHEL 6.5+

CentOS 6+

Gentoo

ArchLinux

openSUSE 12.3+

CRUX 3.0+

Cloud:

Amazon EC2

Google Compute Engine

Microsoft Asur

Rackspace

Since support is not supported, do not work on Windows or Mac for token production, yes, even
on windows you can use it for testing purposes

Q225) What are the tools used for taxi networking?

We usually use karfs and taxi bear to do taxi networking.

Q226) What does Tucker write?

You would like to have a number of taxiers containers, and at that time you need to create a file
that creates a docer and type the command to make a taxi-up. It runs all containers mentioned
in the docer compose file.

Q227) What is a scrum?

Using scrime based on your complex software and product development task as small particles,
it uses reboots and additional procedures. Each replay is two weeks. Scrum has three characters:
product owner, scrum master and team

Q228) Purpose for SSH?

SSH is a secure shell that allows users to login to a secure, encrypted mechanism into computers
and transmitting files.Exit the remote machine and work on the command line.

Protect encrypted communications between the two hosts on an unsafe network.

Q229) Are DevOps implemented?

Product development
Creating product feedback and its development

IT Activities Development.

Q230) Do you want to list the active modes of DevOps?

DevOps is a process

Like the active DevOps.

A separate group is configured.

This will solve the problem.

Manufacturers manufacturing production

DevOps is a development-driven output management

Q231) Do you list the main difference between active and DevOffice?

Agile:

There is something about dynamic software development

Devops:
DevOps is about software deployment and management.

DevOps does not replace the active or lean. By removing waste, by removing gloves and
improving regulations, it allows the production of rapid and continuous products.

Q232) For the popular scripting language of DevOps?

Python

Q233) How does DevOps help developers?

To correct the defect and immediately make innovative attributes.

This is the accuracy of the coordination between the members of the group.

Q234) What is Vegand and its Uses?

Virtual virtual box has been used as a hyperversion for virtual environments and in the current
scenario it supports KVM. Kernel-based virtual machine

Vegant is a tool for creating and managing the environment for making software and
experiments. Tutorials Tutorial Free Demo

Q235) What is the main difference between Linux and Unix operating systems?

Unix:

It belongs to the multitasking, multiuser operating system family.

These are often used on web servers and workstations.

It was originally derived from AT & T Unix, which was started by the Bell Labs Research Center in
the 1970s by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and many others.

Operating systems are both open source, but the comparison is relatively similar to Unix Linux.

Linux:

Linux may be familiar to each programming language.

These personal computers are used.

The Unix operating system is based on the kernel.

Q236) How can we ensure how to prepare a new service for the products launched?

Backup system

Recovery plans

Load balance

Tracking

Centralized record

Q237) What is the benefit of NoSQL?

Independent and schema-less data model

Low latency and high performance

Very scalable

Q238) What is the adoption of Devokos in the profession

1. Use of active and other developmental processes and methods.

An increased ratio of production output is required from use and business.

3. Virtual and Cloud Infrastructure Transfers from Internal and Outdoor Providers;

4. Increased use of data center, automation and configuration management tools;

5. Focusing on testing automation and serial coordination systems;

6. Best Practices in Important Problems

Q239) What are the benefits of NoSQL database on RDBMS?

Benefits:

ETL is very low

Support for structured text is provided

Changes in periods are handled

Key Objectives Function.

The ability to measure horizontally

Many data structures are provided.

Vendors may be selected.

Q240) The first 10 capabilities of a person in the position of DevOp should be.

The best in system administration

Virtualization experience

Good technical skills

Great script

Good development skills

Chef in the automation tool experience

People management

Customer service

Real-time cloud movements

Who’s worried about who

Q241) What is PTR in DNS?

The PNS (PTR) registration is used to turn the search DNS (Domain Name System).
Q242) What do you know about DevOps?

Your answer should be simple and straightforward. Start by explaining the growing importance
of DevOps in information technology. Considering that the efforts of the developments and
activities to accelerate the delivery of software products should be integrated, the minimum
failure rate. DevOps is a value-practical procedure in which the design and performance
engineers are able to capture the product level or service life cycle across the design, from
design and to the design level

Q243) Why was Dev’s so important in the past few years?

Before discussing the growing reputation of DevOps, discuss the current industry scenario. The
big players like Netflix and Facebook begin with some examples of how this business can help to
develop and use unwanted applications. Facebook’s continuous use and coding license models,
and how to measure it, while using Facebook to ensure the quality of the experience. Hundreds
of lines are implemented without affecting ranking, stability and security. Dipops Training Course

Your next application must be Netflix. This streaming and on-the-video video company follows
similar procedures with complete automated processes and systems. Specify user base of these
two companies: Facebook has 2 billion users, Netflix provides online content for more than 100
million users worldwide. Reduced lead time between the best examples of bugs, bug fixes,
runtime and continuous supplies and the overall reduction of human costs.

Q244) What are some of the most popular DevOps tools?

The most popular DevOps tools include:

Selenium

Puppet

Chef
Git information

Jenkins

Ansible

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Q245) What is Version Control, and why should VCS use?

Define the control bar and talk about any changes to one or more files and store them in a
centralized repository. VCS Tools remembers previous versions and helps to:

Make sure you do not go through changes over time.

Turn on specific files or specific projects to the older version.

Explore the problems or errors of a particular change.

Using VCS, developers provide flexibility to work simultaneously on a particular file, and all
changes are logically connected.

Q246) Is There a Difference Between Active and DevOps? If yes, please explain

As a DevOps Engineer, interview questions like this are very much expected. Start by explaining
the clear overlap between DevOps and Agile. Although the function of DevOps is always
synonymous with dynamic algorithms, there is a clear difference between the two. Agile
theories are related to the soft product or development of the software. On the other hand,
DevOps is handled with development, ensuring quick turnaround times, minimal errors and
reliability by installing the software continuously.
Q247) Why are structural management processes and tools important?

Talk about many software developments, releases, edits and versions for each software or
testware. Describe the need for data storage and maintenance, development of developments
and tracking errors easily. Do not forget to mention key CM tools that can be used to achieve
these goals. Talk about how the tools, such as buffet, aseat, and chef are useful in automating
software deployment and configuration on multiple servers.

Q248) How is the chef used as a CM tool?

Chef is considered one of the preferred professional CM Tools. Facebook has changed its
infrastructure and the Shef platform keeps track of IT, for example. Explain how the chef helps to
avoid delays by automating processes. The scripts are written in ruby. It can be integrated into
cloud-based platforms and configures new settings. It provides many libraries for infrastructure
development, which will then be installed in a software. Thanks to its centralized management
system, a chef server is sufficient to use various policies as the center of ordering.

Q249) How do you explain the concept of “Infrastructure Index” (IAC)?

This is a good idea to talk about IAC as a concept, sometimes referred to as a programming
program, where the infrastructure is similar to any other code. The traditional approach to
managing infrastructure is how to take a back seat and how to handle manual structures,
unusual tools and custom scripts

Q250) List the essential DevOps tools.

Git information

Jenkins

Selenium

Puppet
Chef

Ansible

Nagios

Laborer

Monit

El-Elistorsch, Lestastash, Gibbon

Collectd / Collect

Git Information (Gitwidia)

Q251) What are the main characters of DevOps engineers based on growth and infrastructure?

DevOps Engineer’s major work roles

Application Development

Developing code

Code coverage
Unit testing

Packaging

Preparing with infrastructure

Continuous integration

Continuous test

Continuous sorting

Provisioning

Configuration

Orchestration

Deployment

Q252) What are the advantages of DevOps regarding technical and business perspective?

Technical Advantages:

Software delivery continues.

Problems reduce austerity.

Fast approach to solving problems

Humans are falling.

Business Benefits:

The higher the rate for its features

Fixed operating systems

It took too long to add values.

Run fast time for the market

Learn more about DevOps benefits from this information blog.

Q253) Purpose for SSH?

SSH is a secure shell that allows users to login to a secure, encrypted mechanism into computers
and transmitting files.

Exit the remote machine and work on the command line.

Protect encrypted communications between the two hosts on an unsafe network.

Q254) Which part of DevOps is implemented?

Product development

Creating product feedback and its development

IT Activities Development

Q255) List the DevOps’s active algorithm.

DevOps is a process

Like the active DevOps.

A separate group is configured.

This will solve the problem.

Manufacturers manufacturing production

DevOps is a development-driven output management

Q256) List the main difference between active and devOps.

Agile:

There is something about dynamic software development

Devops:

DevOps is about software deployment and management.

DevOps does not replace the active or lean. By removing waste, by removing gloves and
improving regulations, it allows the production of rapid and continuous products.

Q257) For the popular scripting language of DevOps.

Python

Q258) How does DevOps help developers?

Correct the error and activate new features quickly.

It provides clarity of clarity between the members of the group.

Q259) What is the speed and its benefits?

Virtual virtual box has been used as a hyperversion for virtual environments and in the current
scenario it supports KVM. Kernel-based virtual machine

Vegant is a tool for creating and managing the environment for making software and
experiments.

Q260) What is the use of Anuj?

It is mainly used for information technology infrastructure to manage or use applications for
remote applications. We want to sort an app on the nodes of 100 by executing one command,
then the animation is actually in the picture, but you need to know or run some knowledge on
the animated script.