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    Speech Acts

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    Fitri Sabrina Alwiyah
    Pragmatics examines speech acts and events. There are three types of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Locutionary acts involve producing meaningful linguistic expressions, illocutionary acts involve the communicative force of an utterance, and perlocutionary acts involve the effect of an utterance on the hearer. Illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) like performative verbs help convey the intended illocutionary act. Felicity conditions specify the appropriate context for a speech act to be recognized. There are also five classifications of speech acts: declarations, representatives, expressives, directives, and commissives.

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    Speech Acts

    Uploaded by

    Fitri Sabrina Alwiyah
    163 views15 pages
    Pragmatics examines speech acts and events. There are three types of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Locutionary acts involve producing meaningful linguistic expressions, illocutionary acts involve the communicative force of an utterance, and perlocutionary acts involve the effect of an utterance on the hearer. Illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) like performative verbs help convey the intended illocutionary act. Felicity conditions specify the appropriate context for a speech act to be recognized. There are also five classifications of speech acts: declarations, representatives, expressives, directives, and commissives.

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    Speech Acts

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    Pragmatics examines speech acts and events. There are three types of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Locutionary acts involve producing meaningful linguistic expressions, illocutionary acts involve the communicative force of an utterance, and perlocutionary acts involve the effect of an utterance on the hearer. Illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) like performative verbs help convey the intended illocutionary act. Felicity conditions specify the appropriate context for a speech act to be recognized. There are also five classifications of speech acts: declarations, representatives, expressives, directives, and commissives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    163 views15 pages

    Speech Acts

    Uploaded by

    Fitri Sabrina Alwiyah
    Pragmatics examines speech acts and events. There are three types of speech acts: locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. Locutionary acts involve producing meaningful linguistic expressions, illocutionary acts involve the communicative force of an utterance, and perlocutionary acts involve the effect of an utterance on the hearer. Illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) like performative verbs help convey the intended illocutionary act. Felicity conditions specify the appropriate context for a speech act to be recognized. There are also five classifications of speech acts: declarations, representatives, expressives, directives, and commissives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    Pragmatics

    SPEECH ACTS & EVENTS


    Speech acts:

    Actions performed via
    utterances
    •  Locutionary Acts: Performed via producing a
    meaning linguistic expression
    •  Illocutionary Acts : Performed via the
    communicative force of an utterance
    •  Perlocutionary Acts: Performed via the effect of
    the utterance on the hearer
    Locution / Illocution / Perlocution

    Distinction between the following:

    •  Locution => (“the words that are uttered or


    written”)

    •  Illocution => (“the speaker’s or writer’s intention


    [...]”)

    •  Perlocution => (“the intended effect [...]”)


    Problem
    •  The same utterance can potentially
    have quite different illocutionary acts
    •  How can speakers assume that the
    intended illocutionary act will be
    recognized by the hearer?
    Solution

    •  Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices


    (IFIDs)
    •  Felicity conditions
    Illocutionary Force Indicating
    Devices (IFIDs)
    •  Performative verbs
    –  Used in a simple positive present tense
    sentence
    –  1st person singular subject
    •  I promise…
    •  I sentence you…
    •  I apologize…
    Test of Performative Verbs
    •  I hereby V …
    – I _______ name the ship ‘Elizabeth’.
    – I _______ warn you not to sleep in
    class.
    – I _______ believe that there’s no Santa
    Claus.
    Felicity conditions

    The appropriate circumstances for the


    performance of a speech act to be
    recognized.
    Felicity conditions
    “I promise to see you tomorrow’.
    •  General condi,ons
    –  The u1erance is understood.
    •  Content condi,ons
    –  The content of the u1erance is about a future event and the speaker
    is commi1ed to the act.
    •  Preparatory condi,ons
    –  The event does not happen by itself.
    –  The event will have a beneficial effect.
    •  Sincerity condi,ons
    –  The speaker does have a genuine inten,on to carry out the future act.
    •  Essen,al condi,ons
    –  The u1erance changes the speaker’s state from non-obliga,on to
    obliga,on
    Speech act classification
    •  Declarations
    •  Representatives
    •  Expressives
    •  Directives
    •  Commissives
    Declarations
    •  The speech acts that change the state of the
    world via utterances.
    –  I now pronounce you husband and wife
    –  We find the defendant guilty.
    Representatives
    •  The speech acts that states what the speaker
    believes to be the case or not.
    •  Statements of fact, assertions, conclusions, and
    descriptions
    –  The world is flat.
    –  It is a sunny day.
    Expressives
    •  The speech acts that state what the speaker
    feels.
    •  Psychological states (pleasure, pain, likes, joy,
    sorrow…)
    –  I am sorry.
    –  Congratulations.
    Directives
    •  The speech acts used by the speaker to get
    someone else to do something.
    •  Commands, orders, requests, suggestions.
    –  Go away!
    Commissives
    •  The speech acts that speakers use to commit
    themselves to some future ac,ons
    •  Promises, threats, refusals, pledges.
    –  I can’t do that.

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