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    Any Three Features of Federal Form of Government

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    Sudit Bhattacharjee
    The document outlines 3 key features of India's federal system of government as established in its constitution: 1. It has a written constitution that is supreme and rigid, meaning it is difficult to amend. 2. There is a clear division of powers between the central and state governments, with each having exclusive authority over separate lists of responsibilities. 3. It has an independent judiciary with a supreme court that can declare laws unconstitutional, as well as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to represent the people and states respectively.

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    Any Three Features of Federal Form of Government

    Uploaded by

    Sudit Bhattacharjee
    391 views2 pages
    The document outlines 3 key features of India's federal system of government as established in its constitution: 1. It has a written constitution that is supreme and rigid, meaning it is difficult to amend. 2. There is a clear division of powers between the central and state governments, with each having exclusive authority over separate lists of responsibilities. 3. It has an independent judiciary with a supreme court that can declare laws unconstitutional, as well as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to represent the people and states respectively.

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    ANY THREE FEATURES OF FEDERAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT

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    The document outlines 3 key features of India's federal system of government as established in its constitution: 1. It has a written constitution that is supreme and rigid, meaning it is difficult to amend. 2. There is a clear division of powers between the central and state governments, with each having exclusive authority over separate lists of responsibilities. 3. It has an independent judiciary with a supreme court that can declare laws unconstitutional, as well as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to represent the people and states respectively.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    391 views2 pages

    Any Three Features of Federal Form of Government

    Uploaded by

    Sudit Bhattacharjee
    The document outlines 3 key features of India's federal system of government as established in its constitution: 1. It has a written constitution that is supreme and rigid, meaning it is difficult to amend. 2. There is a clear division of powers between the central and state governments, with each having exclusive authority over separate lists of responsibilities. 3. It has an independent judiciary with a supreme court that can declare laws unconstitutional, as well as a bicameral legislature consisting of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to represent the people and states respectively.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    ANY THREE FEATURES OF FEDERAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT.

    FEATURES OF A FEDERAL SYSTEM WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN


    CONSTITUTION

    1. Written Constitution:
    The Indian Constitution is a written document containing 395 Articles and 12
    schedules, and therefore, fulfils this basic requirement of a federal government. In
    fact, the Indian Constitution is the most elaborate Constitution of the world.

    2. Supremacy of the Constitution:

    India’s Constitution is also supreme and not the hand-made of either the Centre or of
    the States. If for any reason any organ of the State dares to violate any provision of
    the Constitution, the courts of laws are there to ensure that dignity of the
    Constitution is upheld at all costs.

    3. Rigid Constitution:

    The Indian Constitution is largely a rigid Constitution. All the provisions of the
    Constitution concerning Union-State relations can be amended only by the joint
    actions of the State Legislatures and the Union Parliament. Such provisions can be
    amended only if the amendment is passed by a two-thirds majority of the members
    present and voting in the Parliament (which must also constitute the absolute
    majority of the total membership) and ratified by at least one-half of the States.

    4. Division of Powers:

    In a federation, there should be clear division of powers so that the units and the
    centre are required to enact and legislate within their sphere of activity and none
    violates its limits and tries to encroach upon the functions of others. This requisite is
    evident in the Indian Constitution.

    The Seventh Schedule contains three Legislative Lists which enumerate subjects of
    administration, viz., Union, State and Concurrent Legislative Lists. The Union List
    consisted of 97 subjects, the more important of which are defence, foreign affairs,
    railways, posts and telegraphs, currency, etc. The State List consisted of 66 subjects,
    including, inter-alia public order, police, administration of justice, public health,
    education, agriculture etc. The Concurrent List embraced 47 subjects including
    criminal law, marriage, divorce, bankruptcy, trade unions, electricity, economic and
    social planning, etc.

    The Union Government enjoys exclusive power to legislate on the subjects


    mentioned in the Union List. The State Governments have full authority to legislate
    on the subjects of the State List under normal circumstances. And both the Centre
    and the State can’t legislate on the subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List, The
    residuary powers have been vested in the Central Government.

    5. Independent Judiciary:

    In India, the Constitution has provided for a Supreme Court and every effort has
    been made to see that the judiciary in India is independent and supreme. The
    Supreme Court of India can declare a law as unconstitutional or ultra Vires, if it
    contravenes any provisions of the Constitution. In order to ensure the impartiality of
    the judiciary, our judges are not removable by the Executive and their salaries cannot
    be curtailed by Parliament.

    6. Bicameral Legislature:

    A bicameral system is considered essential in a federation because it is in the Upper


    House alone that the units can be given equal representation. The Constitution of
    India also provides for a bicameral Legislature at the Centre consisting of Lok Sabha
    and Rajya Sabha.

    While the Lok Sabha consists of the elected representatives of people, the Rajya
    Sabha mainly consists of representatives elected by the State Legislative Assemblies.
    However, all the States have not been given equal representation in the Rajya Sabha.

    7. Dual Government Polity:

    In a federal State, there are two governments—the national or federal government


    and the government of each component unit. But in a unitary State there is only one
    government, namely the national government. So, India, as a federal system, has a
    Central and State Government.

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