Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics

Edition
Tenth

Announcements/Course Information
• Tutorials start this week
• Mechanics I Review
• Practice Quiz

• Assignment 1 is on the CONNECT site (Due: September 16th by 11 pm)

• First 2 sets of PowerPoint notes will be put on Courselink after class today
• Should print slides out and bring to class so you can write on them (or on tablet)
• Notes cover approximately 3 lectures
• September 9th PowerPoint notes will be put on Courselink after class

• Has everyone signed up for CONNECT?

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Announcements/Course Information Cont’d

•To give you a chance to prepare for Tutorial Quizzes

•Quiz Material you’re responsible for is offset by a week – so Tutorial Quiz 1 (to be
held the week of September 16th) covers:
•Assignment 1
•Lecture material covered the week beginning September 9th

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Application

Engineers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYcFy4Mc7n8

designing this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdoomADMeUQ

crane will need
to determine the
forces that act
on this body
under various
conditions.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Introduction
• For a rigid body, the condition of static equilibrium means that the
body under study does not translate or rotate under the given loads
that act on the body

• The necessary and sufficient conditions for the static equilibrium of a

body are that the forces sum to zero, and the moment about any point
sum to zero:
   
 F  0  M O   r  F   0

• Equilibrium analysis can be applied to two-dimensional or three-

dimensional bodies, but the first step in any analysis is the creation of
the free body diagram

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Free-Body Diagram
The first step in the static equilibrium analysis of a
rigid body is identification of all forces acting on
the body with a free body diagram.

• Select the body to be analyzed and detach it

from the ground and all other bodies and/or
supports.
• Indicate point of application, magnitude, and
direction of external forces, including the rigid
body weight.

• Indicate point of application and assumed

direction of unknown forces from reactions of
the ground and/or other bodies, such as the
supports.

• Include the dimensions, which will be needed

to compute the moments of the forces.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Reactions at Supports and Connections for a Two-Dimensional Structure

• Reactions equivalent to a
force with known line of
action.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Reactions at Supports and Connections for a Two-Dimensional Structure

• Reactions equivalent to a
force of unknown direction
and magnitude.

• Reactions equivalent to a
force of unknown
direction and magnitude
and a couple.of unknown
magnitude

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice
The frame shown supports part of
the roof of a small building. Your
goal is to draw the free body
diagram (FBD) for the frame.

On the following page, you will

choose the most correct FBD for
this problem.

First, you should draw your own

FBD.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice

A B
150 kN

Choose the most

correct FBD for the C 150 kN
D
150 kN
150 kN
original problem.
Discuss with a
neighbor why each
choice is correct or
incorrect. B is the most correct, though C is also correct. A &
D Inc.
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Equilibrium of a Rigid Body in Two Dimensions

• For known forces and moments that act on a
two-dimensional structure, the following are
true:
Fz  0 M x  M y  0 M z  M O

• Equations of equilibrium become

 Fx  0  Fy  0  M A  0
where A can be any point in the plane of
the body.
• The 3 equations can be solved for no more
than 3 unknowns.

• The 3 equations cannot be augmented with

additional equations, but they can be replaced
 Fx  0  M A  0  M B  0

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Sample Problem 4.1

SOLUTION:
• Create a free-body diagram for the crane.
• Determine B by solving the equation for
the sum of the moments of all forces
about A. Note there will be no
contribution from the unknown
reactions at A.
• Determine the reactions at A by
A fixed crane has a mass of 1000 kg solving the equations for the sum of
and is used to lift a 2400 kg crate. It all horizontal force components and
is held in place by a pin at A and a all vertical force components.
rocker at B. The center of gravity of
the crane is located at G. • Check the values obtained for the
reactions by verifying that the sum of
Determine the components of the
the moments about B of all forces is
reactions at A and B.
zero.
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Sample Problem 4.1

• Determine B by solving the equation for the
sum of the moments of all forces about A.
 M A  0 :  B1.5m   9.81 kN2m 
 23.5 kN6m   0
B  107.1 kN

• Determine the reactions at A by solving the

equations for the sum of all horizontal forces
• Create the free-body diagram.
and all vertical forces.
 Fx  0 : Ax  B  0
Ax  107.1 kN

 Fy  0 : Ay  9.81 kN  23.5 kN  0
Ay  33.3 kN

• Check the values obtained (sum

moments about B).
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Sample Problem 4.4

SOLUTION:
- Discuss with a neighbor the steps for
solving this problem

• Create a free-body diagram for the

frame and cable.

• Apply the equilibrium equations

for the reaction force components
The frame supports part of the roof of and couple at E.
a small building. The tension in the
cable is 150 kN.
Determine the reaction at the fixed
end E.

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Sample Problem 4.4

• Which equation is correct?
4.5
A.  x F  0 : E x  150 kN   0
7.5
E x  90.0 kN
B.  Fx  0 : Ex  cos 36.9o 150kN 0

C.  Fx  0 : E x  sin 36 .9 o 150 kN   0

• The free-body diagram was E x  90.0 kN

created in an earlier exercise. 6
D.  Fx  0 : Ex 
7.5

150kN   0
• Apply one of the three
equilibrium equations. Try
using the condition that the E.  Fx  0 : E x  sin 36 .9 o 150 kN   0
sum of forces in the x- • What does the negative sign signify?
direction must sum to zero.
• Discuss why the others are incorrect.
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Sample Problem 4.4

• Which equation is correct?
A.  Fy  0 : Ey  420kN  sin 36.9 o 150kN   0

6
B.  Fy  0 : Ey  420kN  
150kN   0
7.5

C.  Fy  0 : Ey  4 20kN  cos 36.9 150kN   0

o

Ey  200 kN
• Now apply the condition 6
that the sum of forces in D.  Fy  0 : E y  4 20 kN  150 kN   0
 
7.5
the y-direction must sum Ey  200 kN
to zero. 6
E.  Fy  0 : Ey  420kN  
150kN   0
7.5
• What does the positive sign signify?
• Discuss why the others are incorrect.
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Sample Problem 4.4

• Three good points are D, E, and F.
Discuss what advantage each point has
over the others, or perhaps why each is
equally good.
• Assume that you choose point E to
apply the sum-of-moments condition.
Write the equation and compare your
answer with a neighbor.
 M E  0 :  20 kN7.2 m   20 kN5.4 m 

• Finally, apply the condition  20 kN3.6 m   20 kN1.8 m 

that the sum of moments about 6
any point must equal zero.  150 kN 4.5 m  M E  0
7.5
• Discuss with a neighbor which M E  180.0 kN  m
point is the best for applying
• Discuss with a neighbor the origin of
this equilibrium condition, and
each term in the above equation and
why.
what the positive value of ME means.
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice

A 2100-lb tractor is used to

lift 900 lb of gravel.
Determine the reaction at
each of the two rear wheels
and two front wheels

• First, create a free body diagram.

• Second, apply the equilibrium
Discuss with a neighbor conditions to generate the three
what steps to take to solve equations, and use these to solve
this problem. for the desired quantities.
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice
• Draw the free body diagram of the tractor (on your own first).
• From among the choices, choose the best FBD.

A. B.

FA 2100 lb FB FA 2100 lb FB

C. D.

FA 2100 lb FB FA 2100 lb FB

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice
Now let’s apply the equilibrium
conditions to this FBD.
• Start with the moment equation:

FA
M pt ? 0
2100 lb FB
Discuss with a neighbor:
• What’s the advantage to
Points A or B are equally starting with this instead of the
good because each results in other conditions?
an equation with only one • About what point should we
unknown. sum moments, and why?

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice
Assume we chose to use point B.
Choose the correct equation for
 M B  0.

FA FB A. + FA (60 in.) - 2100lb (40 in.) - 900 lb (50 in.) = 0

2100 lb

B. + FA (20 in.) - 2100lb (40 in.) - 900 lb (50 in.) = 0

C. - FA (60 in.) - 2100lb (40 in.) + 900 lb (50 in.) = 0

D. - FA (60 in.) + 2100lb (40 in.) - 900 lb (50 in.) = 0

FA=650 lb, so the reaction at each wheel is 325 lb
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Practice

Now apply the final equilibrium

condition, Fy = 0.

FA FB
2100 lb
FA  2100 lb + FB  900 lb = 0
or + 650 lb  2100 lb + FB  900 lb = 0
 FB  2350 lb, or 1175 lb at each front wheel

Why was the third equilibrium

condition, Fx = 0 not used?

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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

What if…?
W=? • Now suppose we have a different
problem: How much gravel can this
tractor carry before it tips over?
• Discuss with a neighbor how you
would solve this problem.
2100 lb FB
• Hint: Think about what the free
body diagram would be for this
W
situation…

2100 lb FB
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Statically Indeterminate Reactions

• More unknowns than • Fewer unknowns than • Equal number unknowns

equations equations, partially and equations but
constrained improperly constrained
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 Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Edition
Tenth

Equilibrium of a Rigid Body in Three Dimensions

• Six scalar equations are required to express the
conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body in the
general three dimensional case.
 Fx  0  Fy  0  Fz  0
Mx  0 My  0 Mz  0

• These equations can be solved for no more than 6

unknowns which generally represent reactions at supports
or connections or unknown applied forces.

• The scalar equations are conveniently obtained by applying the

vector forms of the conditions for equilibrium,
   
 F  0  M O   r  F   0

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