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Quadratic Equations Formulas For CAT Cracku PDF

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Tips, Formulae and shortcuts for

Quadratic Equations
By

CRACKU.IN
Cracku Tip 1 – Quadratic Equations

▪ Quadratic Equations is one of the important topics for CAT

▪ The theory involved in this topic is very simple and students should be
comfortable with the some basic formulas and concepts.

▪ The techniques like option elimination, value assumption can help to solve
questions from this topic quickly.

▪ This pdf covers all the important formulas and concepts related to Quadratic
Equations.

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Cracku Tip 2 – Quadratic Equations
General Quadratic equation will be in the form of ax2+bx+c = 0

The values of ‘x’ satisfying the equation are called roots of the equation.

−b ± b2 − 4ac
▪ The value of roots, p and q =
2a

−b
▪ Sum of the roots = p+q =
a
c
▪ Product of the roots = p*q =
a

▪ If c and a are equal then the roots are reciprocal to each other

▪ If b = 0, then the roots are equal and are opposite in sign.

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Cracku Tip 3 – Quadratic Equations
Let D denote the discriminant, D = b2−4ac. Depending on the sign and value of D,
nature of the roots would be as follows:

▪ D < 0 and |D| is not a perfect square:


Roots will be in the form of p+iq and p-iq where p and q are the real and imaginary
parts of the complex roots. p is rational and q is irrational.

▪ D < 0 and |D| is a perfect square:


Roots will be in the form of p+iq and p-iq where p and q are both rational.

▪ D=0
Roots are real and equal. X = -b/2a

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Cracku Tip 4 – Quadratic Equations

▪ D > 0 and D is not a perfect square:


Roots are conjugate surds

▪ D > 0 and D is a perfect square:


Roots are real, rational and unequal

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Cracku Tip 5 – Quadratic Equations
Signs of the roots: Let P be product of roots and S be their sum

▪ P > 0, S > 0 : Both roots are positive

▪ P > 0, S < 0 : Both roots are negative

▪ P < 0, S > 0 : Numerical smaller root is negative and the other root is positive

▪ P < 0, S < 0 : Numerical larger root is negative and the other root is positive

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Cracku Tip 6 – Quadratic Equations
▪ Minimum and maximum values of ax2+bx+c = 0

4ac−b2
▪ If a > 0: minimum value = and occurs at x = -b/2a
4a

4ac−b2
▪ If a < 0: maximum value = and occurs at x = -b/2a
4a

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Cracku Tip 7 – Quadratic Equations
If AnXn + An−1Xn−1 + ... + A1X + A0 = 0, then

▪ Sum of the roots = −An−1/An


▪ Sum of roots taken two at a time = An−2/An

▪ Sum of roots taken three at a time = −An−3/An and so on

▪ Product of the roots = [(−1)n A0 ] /An

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Cracku Tip 8 – Quadratic Equations
Finding a quadratic equation:

▪ If roots are given: (x-a)(x-b)=0 => x2−(a+b)x+ab = 0

▪ If sum s and product p of roots are given: x2−sx+p = 0

▪ If roots are reciprocals of roots of equation ax2+bx+c = 0, then equation


is cx2+bx+a = 0

▪ If roots are k more than roots of ax2+bx+c = 0 then equation


is a(x−k)2+b(x−k)+c = 0

▪ If roots are k times roots of ax2+bx+c = 0 then equation


is a(x/k)2+b(x/k)+c = 0

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Cracku Tip 9 – Quadratic Equations

▪ Descartes Rules: A polynomial equation with n sign changes can have


a maximum of n positive roots. To find the maximum possible number
of negative roots, find the number of positive roots of f(-x).

▪ An equation where highest power is odd must have at least one real
root

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