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    USMLE Neurology

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    Nick
    The document discusses various topics in biology and medicine including sleep stages, statistical tests, grief stages, DNA replication, collagen types, mitochondrial diseases, and co-factors. It provides explanations of terms such as REM sleep, narcolepsy, t-test vs ANOVA vs chi2, Pygmalion effect, Kubler-Ross grief stages, heterochromatin, and heteroplasmy in a conversational tone with mnemonics and analogies.

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    USMLE Neurology

    Uploaded by

    Nick
    143 views8 pages
    The document discusses various topics in biology and medicine including sleep stages, statistical tests, grief stages, DNA replication, collagen types, mitochondrial diseases, and co-factors. It provides explanations of terms such as REM sleep, narcolepsy, t-test vs ANOVA vs chi2, Pygmalion effect, Kubler-Ross grief stages, heterochromatin, and heteroplasmy in a conversational tone with mnemonics and analogies.

    Original Description:

    Best mnemonic about Neurology based on USMLE exam. Mastering this will help you pass the board.

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    The document discusses various topics in biology and medicine including sleep stages, statistical tests, grief stages, DNA replication, collagen types, mitochondrial diseases, and co-factors. It provides explanations of terms such as REM sleep, narcolepsy, t-test vs ANOVA vs chi2, Pygmalion effect, Kubler-Ross grief stages, heterochromatin, and heteroplasmy in a conversational tone with mnemonics and analogies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    143 views8 pages

    USMLE Neurology

    Uploaded by

    Nick
    The document discusses various topics in biology and medicine including sleep stages, statistical tests, grief stages, DNA replication, collagen types, mitochondrial diseases, and co-factors. It provides explanations of terms such as REM sleep, narcolepsy, t-test vs ANOVA vs chi2, Pygmalion effect, Kubler-Ross grief stages, heterochromatin, and heteroplasmy in a conversational tone with mnemonics and analogies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Sleep stages ○ At night, BATS Drink Blood

    ■ Beta → Awake (eyes open) ■ Alpha → Awake (eyes closed) ■ Theta → Stage 1, light sleep ■ Sleep
    Spindles and K complexes → Stage 2, deeper ■ Delta → Deepest non-REM sleep; delta waves have
    lowest frequency, highest amplitude ■ Beta → During REM ● REM○ REM sleep is like sex → Increase
    pulse rate, penis/clitoris get hard (tumescence), decreases with age ● Narcolepsy ○ HypnaGOgic
    hallucatinations → While GOing to bed ○ HypnopoMpic → Just before awakening in the Morning

    t-test vs. ANOVA vs. chi2

    ● t-test checks difference between the means of 2 groups → Mr. T is mean ● ANOVA checks difference
    between the means of 3 or more groups → ANOVA is ANalysis Of VAriance of 3 or more groups ● Chi2
    symbol looks like a percentage sign (%); thus chi squared is used to compare percentages/proportions

    Pygmalion effect → Researcher’s belief in efficacy of Tx changes the outcome of the treatment

    Kubler-Ross grief stages

    ● Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Grieving, Acceptance → Death Arrives Bringing Grave Adjustments

    ● HeteroChromatin = Highly Condensed ● H1 is the linker region between histone octamer balls (beads
    on a string) → The 1 is like the little piece of string connecting them

    DNA replication

    ● Prokaryotes ○ DNA pol I (one) → One (me, number 1, looking out for number 1) → “I always have to
    do all of the bullshit, like fixing the mess of RNA created by primase” ● Eukaryotes ○ DNA polymerase
    gamma replicates mitochondrial DNA; beta and epsilon repair DNA ■ Gamma (grandma) might
    (mitochondria) beat-off (beta) elderly (epsilon) repairmen (repair)

    Strong Slippery Bloody BM ○ Type I collagen → Strong (Bone, skin, tendon, dentin) ○ Type II collagen →
    Slippery (Cartilage, nucleus pulposus) ○ Type III collagen → Bloody (highly vascular tissue like
    granulation tissue, blood vessels, uterus (which bleeds), fetal tissue) ○ Type IV collagen → Basement
    membrane (BM) (or basal lamina)

    HeteroPLASMy → Presence of both normal and mutated mitochondrial DNA, resulting in variable
    expression in mitochondrial inherited disease → Can associate with mitochondrial DNA because it is
    circular like a PLASMid

    Co-factors for PDH, alpha-ketoglutarate, branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase: → "

    Tender Loving Care For Nancy" ● Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) ● Lipoic acid ● Coenxyme A
    ● FAD ● NAD

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