TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. LOADING, UNLOADING AND STACKING 1

2.1.1 SCOPE 1

2.1.2 REQUIREMENTS 1

2.1.3 STACKING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS 1

2.1.4 BRICKS 2

2.1.5 BLOCKS 2

2.1.6 FLOOR, WALL AND ROOF TILES 2

2.1.7 AGGREGATES 2

2.1.8 STEEL 3

2.1.9 ALUMINIUM SECTIONS 3

2.1.10 DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS 3

2.1.11 ROOFING SHEETS 4

2.1.12 GYPSUM BOARDS, PLYWOOD, FIBREBOARD, PARTICLE BOARD, BLOCK BOARD. 4

2.1.13 GLASS SHEETS 4

2.1.14 CAST IRON, GALVANIZED IRON AND NON -ASBESTOS FIBRE CEMENT PIPES AND
FITTINGS 4

2.1.15 UNPLASTICIZED PVC PIPES 5

2.1.16 BITUMEN, ROAD TAR, ASPHALT, ETC. 5

2.1.17 WATER 5

2.1.18 OIL PAINTS 5

2.1.19 SANITARY APPLIANCES 5

2.1.20 OTHER MATERIALS 6

2.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 6

2.2.1 EARTH 6

2.2.2 OTHER MATERIALS 6

 Chapter-2 [Loading, Unloading and Stacking]

2. LOADING, UNLOADING AND STACKING

2.1.1 SCOPE
Scope of work shall include the loading into trucks from specified sites or stockpiles (or
unloading as the case may be) as provided in the Contract Agreement and approved by
the Engineer-in-Charge.

2.1.2 REQUIREMENTS
a) The Contractor shall furnish, install, operate and maintain all necessary facilities for
loading/unloading trucks.
b) The Contractor shall perform all loading/unloading operations in a systematic manner
without breakages or segregation as determined by the Engineer-in-Charge and that the
cement bags and such other materials do not catch moisture and will not be contaminated
with soil or other foreign material. Contractor shall load trucks in which materials are to be
transported in such a manner as to avoid loss in transit and shall be responsible for and
make good any loss of materials lost in transit due to improper loading of mobile trucks
and other handing operations. The materials carted shall be properly stacked as specified
or directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.

2.1.3 STACKING AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS

2.1.3.1 Cement

a) Cement shall be stored at the work site in a building or a shed which is dry, leakproof and
as moisture proof as possible. The building or shed for storage should have minimum
number of windows and close fitting doors and these should be kept closed as far as
possible.

Cement shall be stored and stacked in bags and shall be kept free from the possibility of
any dampness or moisture coming in contact with them. Cement bags shall be stacked off
the floor on wooden planks in such a way as to keep about 150 mm to 200 mm clear
above the floor. The floor may comprise of lean cement concrete or two layers of dry
bricks laid on well consolidated earth. A space of 600 mm minimum shall be left all around
between the exterior walls and the stacks.

In the stacks the cement bags shall be kept close together to reduce circulation of air as
much as possible. Owing to pressure on the bottom layer of bags sometimes ‘warehouse
pack’ is developed in these bags. This can be removed easily by rolling the bags when
the cement is taken out for use. Lumbed bags, if any should be removed and disposed off.

b) The height of stack shall not be more than 10 bags to prevent the possibility of lumping up
under pressure. The width of the stack shall be not more than four bags length or 3
metres. In stacks more than 8 bags high, the cement bags shall be arranged alternately
length-wise and cross-wise so as to tie the stacks together and minimize the danger of
topping over. Cement bags shall be stacked in a manner to facilitate their removal and use
in the order in which they are received; a label showing date of receipt of cement shall be
put on each stack to know the age of cement.

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c) Extra safety shall be exercised in coastal areas, or when it is expected to store for an
unusually long period, the stack shall be completely enclosed by a water proofing
membrane such as polyethylene, which shall close on the top of the stack. Care shall
be taken to see that the waterproofing membrane is not damaged any time during use.

2.1.4 BRICKS
Bricks shall be stacked in regular tiers as and when they are unloaded to minimize
breakage and defacement. These shall not be dumped at site.

Bricks stacks shall be placed close to the site of work so that least effort is required to
unload and transport the bricks again by loading on pallets or in barrows. Building bricks
shall be loaded or unloaded a pair at a time unless palletized. Unloading of building bricks
or handling in any other way likely to damage the corners or edges or other parts of bricks
shall not be permitted.

Bricks shall be stacked on dry firm ground. For proper inspection of quality and ease in
counting the stacks shall be 50 bricks long, 10 bricks high and not more than 4 bricks in
width, the bricks being placed on edge, two at a time along the width of the stack. Clear
distance between adjacent stacks shall not be less than 0.8 m. Bricks of each truck load
shall be put in one stack.

2.1.5 BLOCKS
Blocks shall be unloaded one at a time and stacked in regular tiers to minimize breakage
and defacement. These shall not be dumped at site. The height of the stack shall not be
more than 1.2 m. The length of the stack shall not be more than 3.0 m, as far as possible
and the width shall be of two or three blocks.

Normally blocks cured for 28 days only should be received at site. In case blocks cured
for less than 28 days are received, these shall be stacked separately. All blocks should be
water cured for 10 to 14 days and air cured for another 15 days; thus no blocks with less
than 28 days curing shall be used in building construction. The d a t e of manufacture of
the blocks shall be suitably marked on the stacks of blocks manufactured at factory or
site.

2.1.6 FLOOR, WALL AND ROOF TILES

Floor and wall roof tiles of different types, such as, cement concrete tiles (plain, coloured
and terrazzo),ceramic tiles (glazed and unglazed) and Porcelain tiles shall be stacked on
regular platform as far as possible under cover in proper layers and in tiers and they shall
not be dumped in heaps. In the stack, the tiles shall be so placed that the mould surface
of one faces that of another. Height of the stack shall not be more than one metre. During
unloading, these shall be handled carefully so as to avoid breakage.

Tiles of different quality, size and thickness shall be stacked separately to facilitate easy
removal for use in work. Ceramic tiles and clay roof tiles are generally supplied in
cartons which shall be handled with care. It is preferable to transport these at the site
on platform trolleys.

2.1.7 AGGREGATES
Aggregates shall be stored at site on a hard dry and level patch of ground. If such a
surface is not available, a platform of old corrugated iron sheets, or a floor of bricks, or a
thin layer of lean concrete shall be made so as to prevent contamination with clay, dust,

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vegetable and other foreign matter Stacks of fine and coarse aggregates shall be kept Formatted: Font color: Red, Character scale: 103%, Not
in separate stock piles it sufficient distance from each other to prevent the material at Expanded by / Condensed by
the edges of the piles from getting intermixed. On a large job, it is desirable to construct Formatted: Font color: Red, Character scale: 103%
dividing walls to give each type of aggregates its own compartment. Fine aggregates Formatted: Font color: Red, Character scale: 103%
shall be stacked in a place where loss due to the effect of wind is minimum. Formatted: Font color: Red, Character scale: 103%, Not
Expanded by / Condensed by
2.1.8 STEEL Formatted: Font color: Red, Not Expanded by / Condensed
For each classification of steel, separate areas shall be earmarked. It is desirable that by
ends of bars and sections of each class be painted in distinct separate colours. Steel Formatted: Font color: Red, Character scale: 103%
reinforcement shall ordinarily be stored in such a way as to avoid distortion and to Formatted: Font color: Red, Not Expanded by / Condensed
prevent deterioration and corrosion. It is desirable to coat reinforcement with cement by
wash before stacking to prevent scaling and rusting. Bars of different classification,
sizes and lengths shall be stored separately to facilitate issues in such sizes and
lengths so as to minimize wastage in cutting from standard lengths. In case of long
storage, reinforcement bars shall be stacked above ground level by atleast 150 mm.
Moreover, in coastal areas or in case of long storage a coat of cement wash shall be
given to prevent scaling and rusting.

Structural steel of different classification, sizes and lengths shall be stored separately. It
shall be stored above ground level by at least 150 mm upon platforms, suitable supports
to avoid distortion of sections. In coastal areas or in case of long storage suitable
protective coating of primer paint shall be given to prevent scaling and rusting.

2.1.9 ALUMINIUM SECTIONS

Aluminium sections of different classification, sizes and lengths shall be stored
separately, on a level platform under cover. The aluminium sections shall not be pulled
or pushed from the stack nor shall be slided over each other, to protect the anodizing
layer.

2.1.10 DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS

While unloading, shifting handling and stacking timber material, metal and plastic door
and window frames and shutters, care shall be taken that the material is not dragged
one over the other as it may cause damage to the surface of the material. The material
should be lifted and carried preferably flat avoiding damage of corners or sides. Metal
and plastic doors, windows and ventilators shall be stacked upright (on their sills) on
level ground preferably on wooden battens and shall not come in contact with dirt and
ashes.

Metal and plastic frames of doors, windows and ventilators shall be stacked upside
down. These shall not be allowed to stand for long in this manner before being fixed so
as to avoid the door frames getting out of shape and hinges being strained and shutters
drooping.

During the period of storage all metal doors, windows and ventilators shall be protected
from loose cement and mortar by suitable covering such as tarpauline. The tarpauline
shall be hung loosely on temporary framing to permit circulation of air to prevent
condensation.

All timber based frames and shutters shall be stored in a dry and clean covered space
away from any infestation and dampness. The storage shall preferably be in well
ventilated dry rooms. The frames shall be stacked one over the other in vertical stacks
with cross battens at regular distances to keep the stack vertical and straight. These

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cross battens should be of uniform thickness and placed vertically one above the other.
The door shutters shall be stacked in the form of clean vertical stacks over the other
and at least 80 mm above ground on pallets or suitable beams or rafters. The top of
the stack shall be covered by a protecting cover and weighted down by means of
scantlings or other suitable weights. The shutter stack shall rest on hard and level
ground.

If any timber based frame or shutter becomes wet during transit, it shall be kept
separate from the undamaged material. The wet material may be dried by stacking
in shade with battens in between adjacent boards with free access of dry air
generally. Separate stacks shall be built up for each size and type of material. When
materials of different sizes and types are to be stacked in one stack due to shortage
of space, the bigger size shall be stacked in the lower portion of the stacks. Suitable
pallets or separating battens shall be kept in between the two types of material.

2.1.11 ROOFING SHEETS

Plastic sheets and Fibre glass sheets shall be stacked under a shed to a height of not
more than 0.5 m on a firm and level ground with timber or other packing beneath them.

2.1.12 GYPSUM BOARDS, PLYWOOD, FIBREBOARD, PARTICLE BOARD, BLOCK BOARD.

These boards shall be stored flat in a covered clean and dry place. Different sizes and
types of each of these boards shall be stacked separately. The board shall be stacked on
a flat platform on which a wooden frame shall be constructed with 50 mm x 25 mm battens
in such a way that it will give support to all four edges and corners of the boards with
intermediate battens placed at suitable intervals to avoid warping. Boards shall be stacked
in a solid block in a clear vertical alignment. The top sheet of each stack shall be suitably
weighed down to prevent warping wherever necessary. The boards shall be unloaded and
stacked with utmost care avoiding damage to the corners and surface. In case of
decorative plywood and decorative boards, the surfaces of which are likely to get damaged
by dragging one sheet over another it is advisable that these are lifted as far as possible in
pairs facing each other.

2.1.13 GLASS SHEETS

It is important that all glass sheets whether stored in crates or not shall be kept dry.
Suitable covered storage space shall be provided for the safe storage of the glass sheets.
In removing glass sheets from crates, great care shall be taken to avoid damages. The
glass sheets shall be lifted and stored on its long edges against a vertical wall or other
support with the first sheet so placed that its bottom edge is 25 mm from the vertical
support. The stacks shall be of not more than 25 panes and shall be supported at two
points by fillets of wood at 300 mm from each end. The whole stack shall be as close and
as upright as possible.

The glass sheets of different sizes, thickness and type shall be stacked separately. The
distance between any two stacks shall be of the order of 400 mm.

2.1.14 CAST IRON, GALVANIZED IRON AND NON -ASBESTOS FIBRE CEMENT PIPES AND
FITTINGS

The pipes shall be unloaded where they are required when the trenches are ready to
receive them. Storage shall be done on firm, level and clear ground and wedges shall be
provided at the bottom layer to keep the stack stable.

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 Chapter-2 [Loading, Unloading and Stacking]

The stack shall be in pyramid shape or the pipes length-wise and cross-wise in alternate
layers. The pyramid stack is advisable in smaller diameter pipes for conserving space in
storing them.
The height of the stack shall not exceed 1.5 m. Each stack shall contain only pipes of
same class and size, with consignment or batch number marked on it with particulars
of suppliers wherever possible.
Cast iron detachable joints and fittings shall be stacked under cover separately from the
asbestos cement pipes and fittings
2.1.15 UNPLASTICIZED PVC PIPES
The pipe should be given adequate support at all times. Pipes should be stored on a
reasonably flat surface free from stones and sharp projections so that the pipe is
supported throughout its length. In storage, pipe racks should be avoided. Pipe should
not be stacked in large piles, especially under warm temperature conditions as the bottom
pipes may distort, thus giving rise to difficulty in jointing. Socket and spigot pipes should
be stacked in layers with sockets placed at alternate ends of the stacks to avoid lopsided
stacks.
It is recommended not to store pipe inside another pipe. Pipe should not be stored in a
stressed or bent condition or near the sources of heat. Pipes should not be stacked more
than 1.5 m high. Pipes of different sizes and classes should be stacked separately.
The ends of pipe should be protected from abrasion particularly those specially
prepared for jointing either spigot or socket solvent welded joints or shouldered for use
with couplings.
In Dry and Hot conditions, pipes should be stored in shade. In very cold weather, the
impact strength of PVC is reduced making it brittle and more care in handling shall be
exercised in wintry condition. If due to unsatisfactory storage of handling a pipe
becomes kinked, the damaged portion should be cut out completely. Kinking is likely to
occur only on very thin walled pipes.
2.1.16 BITUMEN, ROAD TAR, ASPHALT, ETC.
All types of bitumen, road tar, asphalt, etc, in drums or containers shall be stacked
vertically on their bottoms in upto 3 tiers. Leaky drums shall be segregated. Empty
drums shall be stored in pyramidal stacks neatly in rows.
2.1.17 WATER
Wherever water is to be stored for construction purposes this shall be done in proper
storage tanks to prevent any organic impurities getting mixed up with it.
2.1.18 OIL PAINTS
All containers of paints, thinners and allied materials shall preferably be stored in a
separate room on floors with sand cushions. The room shall be well-ventilated and free
from excessive heat, sparks of flame and direct rays of sun. The containers of paint
shall be kept covered or properly fitted with lid and shall not be kept open except while
using. The containers of paints have expiry date marked by the manufacturers, which
should be highlighted so as to facilitate use of paint within due period.
2.1.19 SANITARY APPLIANCES
All sanitary appliances shall be carefully stored under cover to prevent damage. When
accepting and storing appliances, advance planning shall be made regarding the
sequence of removal from the store to the assembly positions. Supporting brackets shall
be so stored as to be readily accessible for use with the appliances.

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 Chapter-2 [Loading, Unloading and Stacking]

2.1.20 OTHER MATERIALS

Small articles like nails, screws, nuts and bolts, door and window fittings,
polishing stones, protective clothing, spare parts of machinery, linings, packing,
water supply and sanitary fittings, electrical fittings, insulation board, etc, shall be
kept in suitable and properly protected store rooms. Valuable small material such as,
copper pipes and fittings shall be kept under lock and key.

2.2 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

The Employer will not be responsible for possible damage of any material, equipment or
system during loading, unloading or transportation of goods to the site of works.
The Contractor shall replace any damage goods at his own expense without additional
cost to the Employer.
Measurement and payment for loading/unloading into trucks and stacking shall be made
corresponding to CSR item as provided in the Contract Agreement and shall constitute full
compensation for performance and completion of work in all respect as specified and
approved by the Engineer-in-Charge.

Length, breadth and height of stacks shall be measured correct to a cm. The quantity shall
be worked out in cubic metre correct to two place of decimal. The volume of stacks shall
be reduced by percentages as shown against each for looseness in stacking to arrive at
the net quantity for payment. No reduction shall be made in respect of articles or materials
for which mode of payment is by length or weight or number.

2.2.1 EARTH
a) In loose stacks such as cart loads, lorry loads, etc. – 20%
b) In fills consolidated by light mechanical machinery – 10%
c) In fills consolidated by heavy mechanical machinery but not under OMC (Optimum
Moisture Content) – 5%
d) In fills consolidated by heavy mechanical machinery at OMC – Nil
e) Consolidated fills in confined situation such as under floors. etc. – Nil

2.2.2 OTHER MATERIALS

a) Manure or sludge – 8%
b) Moorum, building rubbish Lime and sand – Nil
c) Stone metal, 40 mm nominal size and above – 7.5%
d) Coarse aggregate/ stone metal below 40 mm nominal size – Nil
e) Soling stone/ Boulder 100 mm and above – 15%
f) Excavated rocks – 50%

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