Calculus Formulas
Calculus Formulas
Calculus Formulas
d d u du
D1 (c ) = 0 - constant rule D27 a = au (ln a) •
dx dx dx
d d u du
D2 (x ) = 1 - identity function rule D28 e = eu •
dx dx dx
d
D3 (cu) = c du
dx dx Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions**
d
D4
d
(u + v ) = du + dv - sum rule D29 (sinh u) = cosh u du
dx dx dx dx dx
d
D5
d
(uv ) = u + v du - product rule
dv D30 (coshu) = sinh u du
dx dx dx dx dx
d
v
du
−u
dv D31 (tanh u) = sec h2u du
d u dx dx - quotient rule dx dx
D6 =
dx v v2 D32
d 2 du
(coth u) = − csc h u
d n du dx dx
D7 u = nun −1 - power rule d
dx dx D33 (sec hu ) = − sec hu tanh u du
du dx dx
D8
d
dx
( ) u = dx
2 u
D34
d
dx
(csc hu) = − csc hu coth u du
dx
d 1 − n du
D9 = Differentiation of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
dx un un +1 dx
d 1 du
D35 sinh −1 u =
dx dx
u2 + 1
Chain Rule
d 1 du
D10
dy
=
dy du
• D36 cosh−1 u =
dx du dx dx 2 dx
u −1
d 1 du
D37 tanh−1 u =
Inverse Function Rule dx 1 − u2 dx
dy 1 d −1 du
D11 = D38 coth−1 u =
dx dx
dx 1 − u2 dx
dy
d −1 du
Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions D39 sec h−1u =
dx 2 dx
d u 1−u
D12 (sin u) = cos u du d −1 du
dx dx D40 csc h−1u =
d dx dx
D13 (cos u) = − sin u du u 1 + u2
dx dx
d
D14 (tan u) = sec2 u du **Hyperbolic Functions are functions which contain a
dx dx
combination of the exponential functions e x and e − x
d
D15 (cot u) = − csc2 u du e x − e− x 1
dx dx sinh x = csc hx =
d 2 sinh x
D16 (sec u) = sec u tan u du
dx dx e x + e−x 1
cosh x = sec hx =
d
D17 (csc u) = − csc u cot u du 2 cosh x
dx dx sinh x cosh x
tanh x = coth x =
cosh x sinh x
Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
d 1 du
D18 (arcsin u) =
dx 2 dx
1−u
d −1 du
D19 (arccos u) =
dx 2 dx
1−u
d
D20 (arctanu) = 1 2 du
dx 1 + u dx
D21
d
(arc cot u) = −1 2 du
dx 1 + u dx
d 1 du
D22 (arc sec u) =
dx 2 dx
u u −1
d −1 du
D23 (arc csc u) =
dx 2 dx
u u −1
d v d
D26 u = uv • (v ln u)
dx dx
Basic Integration Formulas Integration of the Products of Sines and Cosines
I1 du = u + C I30 2 sinu cos vdx = sin (u + v ) + sin (u − v ) dx
I2 (u + v ) dx = udx + vdx I31 2 cos u cos vdx = cos (u + v ) + cos (u − v ) dx
I3 audx = a udx I32 2 sinu sin vdx = cos (u − v ) − cos (u + v ) dx
n un+1
I4 u du = n + 1 + C,n −1 Integration of the Powers of Sines and Cosines
I33 m is a positive odd integer
du
I5 u
= lnu + C
sin
m
u cosn udu = ( sumofpowersof cos u) sinudu
I34 n is a positive odd integer
Integration of Exponential Functions sin
m
u cosn udu = ( sumofpowersof cos u) sinudu
au I35 m and n are both positive even integers
I6 au du = + C; a 0, a 1
ln a m n
( sin u ) ( cos u )
m n 2 2
I7 e du = e
u u
+C sin u cos udu = 2 2 du
( )
I12 m
tan udu = 1 − sec 2 u 2 du
I13 csc udu = ln ( csc u − cot u) + C
csc udu = − ln ( csc u + cot u) + C Integration of Powers of Cotangents and Cosecants
I39 n is a positive even integer greater than 2
sec udu = tanu + C
2
I14
cot
m
cscn udu = ( sumofpowersof cot u) csc2 udu
csc udu = − cot u + C
2
I15 I40 m is a positive odd integer
I16 sec u tanudu = sec u + C cot
m
u cscn udu = ( sumofpowersof csc u) csc u cot udu
I41 m is a positive integer
I17 csc u cot udu = − csc u + C m
(1 − csc u )
m 2
Integration of Hyperbolic Functions
cot udu = 2 du
Integration by Parts
I29 udv = uv − vdu
Ratio Identities Sum to Product Identities
sinu sec u u + v u − v
tanu = = sin u + sin v = 2 sin cos
cos u csc u 2 2
cos u csc u u + v u − v
cot u = = sin u − sin v = 2 cos sin
sinu sec u
2 2
Reciprocal Identities u + v u − v
cos u + cos v = 2 cos cos 2
1 1 2
cot u = tanu =
tanu cot u u + v u − v
cos u − cos v = −2 sin sin 2
1 1 2
sec u = cos u =
cos u sec u
1 1 Special Product Formulas
csc u = sinu =
sinu csc u ( ax + by )( cx + dy ) = abx2 + ( ad + bc ) xy + bdy2
( x + y ) = x2 + 2xy + y2
2
Pythagorean Identities
( x − y ) = x2 − 2xy + y2
2
sin2 u + cos 2 u = 1
tan2 u + 1 = sec2 u ( x + y ) = x3 + 3x2 y + 3xy2 + y3
3
1 + cot 2 u = csc 2 u
( x − y ) = x3 − 3x2 y + 3xy2 − y3
3
( a)
n
u 1 − cos u sin u 1 − cos u n
=1
tan = = =
2 1 + cos u 1 + cos u sin u
n
ab = n a n
b
n
Product to Sum Identities a a
n =
1 b n
sinu cos v = sin (u + v ) + sin (u − v ) b
2
( a)
m n n
m
1 a =
cos u sin v = sin (u + v ) − sin (u − v )
2 mn
a = mn a
1
cos u cos v = cos (u + v ) + cos (u − v )
2
1
sinu sin v = cos (u − v ) − cos (u + v )
2