AC-14/06/2018

Item No. 4.73

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Program : M.Sc.

( Choice Based Credit System )

Course : M.Sc. Analytical Chemistry

Syllabus for Semester III & IV

(To be implemented from the Academic year 2018-2019 )

 M.Sc. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER – III
PSCHA301
QUALITY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT I Quality In Analytical Chemistry - I 15

1.1 Sampling: Definition, types of sample, sampling plan, quality of sample,

subsampling, Sampling of raw materials, intermediates and finished products.
Sample preparations – dissolution technology and decomposition, storage of
samples.
Pre-treatment of samples: soil, food and cosmetics. (8L)
1.2 Selection of the Method: sources of methods, factors to consider when
selecting a method, performance criteria for methods used, reasons for
incorrect analytical results, method validation, and quality by design (PAT).
(7L)

UNIT II Quality In Analytical Chemistry - II 15

2.1 Measurement of uncertainty: Definition and evaluation of uncertainty,

putting uncertainty to use, interpretation of results and improving the quality
of results. (4L)

2.2 Signal to noise: Signal to noise ratio, sources of noise in instrumental

analysis. Signal to noise enhancement, hardware devices for noise reduction,
software methods for noise reduction. (6L)

2.3 Pharmaceutical Legislation: introduction to drug acts, drug rules

(schedules), concept of regulatory affairs in pharmaceuticals, review of GLP
and GMP and their regulations for analytical labs, roles and responsibilities of
personnel, appropriate design and placement of laboratory equipment,
requirements for maintenance and calibration. (5L)

UNIT III Chromatographic Techniques -I 15

3.1 Ion exchange chromatography: Ion exchange equilibria, breakthrough

capacity, inorganic ion exchangers, synthetic ion exchangers, chelating resins
and their applications for separation of inorganic and organic compounds. (8L)
3.2 Ion chromatography: Principle, instrumentation with special reference to
separation and suppressor columns, applications. (2L)
3.3 Exclusion chromatography : Theory, instrumentation and applications of gel
permeation chromatography, retention behavior, inorganic molecular sieves,
determination of molecular weight of polymers, (5L)
 UNIT IV Chromatographic Techniques -II 15

4.1 Supercritical fluid Chromatography: Theory, concept of critical state of

matter and supercritical state, types of supercritical fluids, instrumentation,
applications to environmental, food, pharmaceuticals and polymeric
analysis. (8L)
4.2 Affinity Chromatography: principle, instrumentation and applications (4l)
4.3 Optimum pressure liquid chromatography (OPLC) (3L)

List of books and references:

1. Quality in the analytical chemistry laboratory, E Prichard, John Wiley and sons
N.Y 1997.
2. Quality assurance in analytical Chemistry, W Funk, V Dammann, G. Donnevert
VCH Weinheim1995.
3. Amit S. Patil et. al.,Quality by Design (QbD) : A new concept for development of
Quality pharmaceuticals, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance;
4(2); 13-19.
4. Lalit Singh and Vijay Sharma, Quality by Design (QbD) Approach in
Pharmaceuticals: Status, Challenges and Next Steps, Drug Delivery Letters, 2015,
5, 2-8. Quality in the analytical chemistry laboratory, E Prichard, John Wiley and
sons N.Y 1997
5. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, D. A. Skoog and D. M. West, Saonders,
College publication.
6. Chemical methods of separation, J A Dean, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969
7. Solvent extraction and ion exchange, J Marcus and A. S. Kertes Wiley INC 1969.
8. Analytical Chemistry, G. D. Christain, Wiley
9. Extraction Chromatography T. Braun, G. Ghersene, Elsevier Publications 1978.
10 Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Larry Taylor Wiley publishers N.Y. 1996
nd
11. Ion exchange separation in analytical chemistry O Samuelson John Wiley 2 ed
1963
12 Ion exchange chromatography Ed H.F Walton Howden, Hutchenson and Rossing
1976
13. Chromatographic and electrophoresis techniques I Smith Menemann Interscience
1960
 SEMESTER-III
PSCHA302
Advance Instrumental Techniques

UNIT I Spectral Methods I 15

1.1 Surface Analytical Techniques: Preparation of the surface, difficulties
involved in the surface analysis. (1L)
1.2 Principle, instrumentation and applications of the following:
a. Secondary Ion mass spectroscopy. (4L)
b. Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission (5L)
c. Low-Energy Ion Scattering and Rutherford Backscattering (5L)
UNIT II Spectral Methods – II 15
Principle, Instrumentation, and Applications of
2.1 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) (5L)
2.2 Mossbauer’s Spectroscopy (5L)
2.3 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy- based on plasma and electrical
discharge sources (5L)

UNIT III Electroanalytical Methods 15

Advanced Electroanalytical Techniques:-
3.1 Current Sampled (TAST) Polarography, Normal and Differential Pulse
Polarography (3L)
3.2 Potential Sweep methods- Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic
voltammetry. (3L)
3.3 Potential Step method- Chronoamperomertry (2L)
3.4 Controlled potential technique- Chronopotentiometry (2L)
3.5 Stripping Voltammetry- anodic, cathodic, and adsorption (2L)
3. 6 Chemically and electrolytically modified electrodes and ultra-
microelectrodes in voltammetry (3L)

UNIT IV Miscellaneous Techniques 15

Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of:
4.1 Chemiluminesescence techniques (3L)
4.2 Chirooptical Methods : ORD, CD (5L)
4.3 Photoacoustic spectroscopy (3L)
4.4 Spectroelectrochemistry (4L)

List of books and references:

th
1. Analytical Chemistry, G. D. Christian, 4 Ed. John Wiley, New York (1986)
2. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, D .A. Skoog and D. M. West and F. J. Holler
Holt- Saunders 6th Edition (1992)
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler and J.A. Niemann,
5th Edition (1998)
4. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, H. H. Willard, L. L. Merritt, Jr. J. A. Dean and F.
A. Settle Jr 6th Ed CBS (1986)
5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis, H. H. Willard, L. L. Merritt Jr, J. A. Dean and F. A.
Settle Jr 7th Ed CBS (1986)
6. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, R. D. Braun, Mc Graw Hill (1987)
7. Electrochemical Methods, A. J. Bard and L.R. Faulkner, John Wiley, New York,
(1980)
8. Electroanalytical Chemistry, J.J . Lingane, 2nd Ed Interscience, New York (1958)
9. Modern Polarographic Methods in Analytical Chemistry, A. M. Bond, Marcel Dekker,
New York, 1980.
10. Electroanalytical Chemistry, Ed A. J. Bard and Marcel Dekker, New York, (A
series of volumes)
11. Techniques and mechanism of electrochemistry, P. A. Christian and A. Hamnett,
Blachie Academic and Professional (1994)
12. Wilson and Wilson’s Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, Ed. G. Svehla. (A series
of Volumes)
13. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Eds. I. M. Kolthoff and Others, Interscience Pub.
(A series of volumes).
14. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, Eds. F. J. Welcher, Robert E. Krieger
Publishing Company, (A series of volumes)
15. Polarographic Methods in Analytical Chemistry, M. G. Arora, Anmol Publications
Pvt Ltd
nd
16 Surface Analysis –The Principal Techniques, 2 Edition Edited by John C. Vickerman
and Ian S. Gilmore 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-01763-0
17. NMR, NQR, EPR, and Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry R. V. Parish.
Ellis Horwood, Chichester
 SEMESTER – III
PSCHA303
Bioanalytical Chemistry and Food Analysis

UNIT I Bioanalytical chemistry 15

1.1 Body Fluids
1.1.1 Composition of body fluids and detection of abnormal levels of
glucose, creatinine, uric acid in blood, protein, ketone bodies and
bilirubin in urine leading to diagnosis of diseases. (5L)
1.1.2 Physiological and nutritional significance of vitamins (water
soluble and fat soluble) and minerals. (5L)
1.1.3 Analytical techniques (including microbiological techniques) for
vitamins. (5L)
UNIT II Immunological Methods 15
2.1 General processes of immune response, antigen-antibody
reactions, precipitation reactions, radio, enzyme and fluoro-immuno
assays.(8L)
2.2 Human Nutrition: Biological values and estimation of enzymes,
carbohydrates, proteins, essential amino acids and lipids.(7L)
UNIT III Food Analysis - I 15
3.1 Fuel value of food and importance of food nutrients (2L)
3.2 Food Additives – General idea about Food processing and
preservation, Chemical preservatives, fortifying agents, emulsifiers,
texturizing agents, flavours, colours, artificial sweeteners, enzymes.
Analysis of food products for flavoring agents and colour. (5L)
3.3 Food Contaminants– Trace metals and pesticide residues,
contaminants from industrial wastes (polychlorinated polyphenols,
dioxins), toxicants formed during food processing (aromatic
hydrocarbons, nitrosamines), veterinary drug residues and melamine
contaminants. (8L)
UNIT IV Food Analysis - II 15
4.1 4.1.1 Food packaging – Introduction, types of packing materials,
properties and industrial requirements.(2L)
4.1. 2 Processing and Quality requirements of Milk and milk products
(cheese, butter and ice cream), vegetables and fruits, meat and meat
products. (6L)
4.2 Analysis of Milk – Fat content, proteins, acidity, bacteriological
quality and milk adulterants.(2L)
4.3 Analysis of Oils and Fats – acid value, sap value, iodine value.
Determination of rancidity and antioxidants.(2L)
4.4 Analysis of spices (cloves, cinnamon, pepper, mustard)
Determination of volatile oils and fixed oils.(3L)
List of books and References:
1. General, organic and biological chemistry, H. Stephen Stoker, Cengage Learning.
2. Advance dairy chemistry, vol 3, P. F. Fox, P. L. H. McSweeney Springer.
3. Physiological fluid dynamics vol 3, Nanjanagud Venkatanarayanasastry
Chandrasekhara Swamy Narosa Pub. House, 1992
4. Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for food,
edited by Bert Popping, Carmen Diaz-Amigo, Katrin Hoenicke, John Wiley & sons.
5. Food Analysis: Theory and practice, Yeshajahu Pomeranz, Clifton E. Meloan,
Springer.
6. Principles of package development, Gribbin et al
7. Modern packaging Encyclopedia and planning guide, Macgra Wreyco.
8. Food Analysis, Edited by S. Suzanne Nielsen, Springer
9. Analytical Biochemistry, D, J. Homes and H. Peck, Longman (1983)
10. Bioanalytical Chemistry, S. R. Mikkelesen and E. Corton, John Wiley and sons
2004
Analysis of food and beverages, George Charalanbous, Accademic press 1978
 SEMESTER-III
PSCHAEC-I 304
Environmental and Certain Industrially Important Matrials
UNIT I Air Pollution 15
1.1 Sources, classification, pollutants and permissible limits.(2L)
1.2 Sampling methods for air, flew gas ,Industrial Exhaust, stag
samples etc. (2L)
1.3 Importance of automobile exhaust control and its limits(2L)
1.4 Sampling and analysis of: Particulate matter, aerosols, ammonia
and organic vapors. (3L)
1.5 Carbon credit and global issues related to air pollution.(3L)
1.6 Greenhouse gases and their substitutes. (1L)
1.7 Environmental Legislation: role of pollution control boards, article
48A and 51A, Motor Vehicle Act and method of analysis with
respect to PUC. (2L)
UNIT II Water Quality Standards 15
2.1 Water: quality and requirements of potable water, direct and
indirect pollutants for potable water reservoirs, quality of potable water
from natural sources. (6L)
2.2 Bore well water quality and analytical parameters. Quality of
bottled mineral water (3L)
2.3 Process of purification of bore well water to bottled mineral water.
(2L)
2.4 Regulatory requirements for packaged drinking water (4L)
UNIT III Other Types Of Pollution 15
3.1 Soil pollution and Soil Analysis : sources of soil pollution and
their control, sampling of soil, determination of water holding
capacity, determination total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrates, fertility
of soil and effect of pollution on it, synthetic fertilizers and their long
term effect on soil quality. (6L)
3.2 Noise Pollution : sources, effects, methods of measurements and
control measures.(2L)
 3.3 Thermal Pollution: definition, source, impact, control measures,
working of cooling towers and cooling ponds, involved economy.
(3L)
3.4 Radioactive pollutants: source, exposure hazards, precautions in
handling and safety, Long term effects. (2L)
3.5 Environmental Audits: concept of audit, authorities, evaluation
methodology, benefits and certification (2L)
UNIT IV Industrial Materials 15
4.1 Insecticides, Pesticides: definition, classification of insecticides
pesticides. Biodegradation of insecticides and pesticides (5L).
4.2 Soaps and Detergents: classification and composition, qualitative
analysis, quantitative analysis of detergents- alkalinity, active
ingredients and oxygen releasing capacity. Biodegradable detergents
(5L)
4.3 Petrochemical products: crude oils, fuels, and calorific values,
fractional distillation process and fractions, properties of fuel,
composition of fuel, flashpoint, fire point, corrosion test, carbon
residue and impact on environment. (5L)

List of Books and References:

1. Environmental Chemistry, A. K. De, 2nd ED. Wiley (1989).
2. Environmental Pollution Analysis, S. M. Khopkar, John Wiely (1993).
3. Air Pollution Sampling And Analysis, Sharad Gokhale, IIT Guwahati, May 2009.
4. Environmental Pollution Analysis, S. M. Khopkar, New Age International publication
(2011).
5. Water And Water Pollution (hand book) Ed., Seonard’l Ciacere, Vol I to IV, Marcel
Dekker inc. N.York(1972)
6. Water pollution, Arvind kumar, APH publishing (2004)
7. Introduction to Potable Water Treatment Processes Simon Parsons, Bruce Jefferson,
Paperback publication.
8. Guidelines for drinking-water quality, Third edition, (incorporating first and second
addenda). WHO report.
9. Soil pollution, S.G. Misra and Dinesh Mani, APH Publishing Corporation, (2009).
10. Soil Pollution: origin, monitoring and remediation, Abrahim Mirsal, Springer (2010).
11. Noise Pollution, Donald F Anthrop, Lexington Books, (1973)
12. Noise Effects Handbook: A Desk Reference to Health and Welfare Effects of Noise
(1981) Available at NCL laboratories e- Library.
13. Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality Edited by
Nicolas Mazzeo, InTech Publications (2011).
14. Environmental Protection Against Radioactive Pollution: N. Birsen, Kairat K.
Kadyrzhanov, Springer publication , (2003).
15. Environmental law in India, Mohammad Naseem, Wolters Kluwer.
16. Environmental Protection, Law And Policy In India Kailash Thakur google books
(1997).
17. Green chemistry An Introductory text, Mzike Lancaster, Royal Society of Chemistry
(2002)
18. Pesticide Analysis Ed K. G. Das, Dekker (1981)
19. Analytical, Agricultural Chemistry S. L Chpra J.S Kanwar Kalyani publication

20. Soil and plant Analysis C.S Piper , Hans Publication

 SEMESTER – III
PSCHAEC-II 304
Pharmaceutical and Organic Analysis
UNIT I Pharmaceutical Analysis 15
1.1 General idea regarding the Pharmaceutical Industry, definition and
classification of drugs, introduction to pharmaceutical formulations,
classification of dosage forms.
Role of FDA in pharmaceutical industries.(7L)
1.2 Sources of impurities in pharmaceutical products and raw materials.
(4L)
1.3 Standardization of finished products and their characteristics, official
methods of quality control. (4L)
UNIT II Drugs 15
2.1 Analysis of compounds based on functional groups, instrumental
methods for analysis of drugs, assays involving chromatographic
separations, proximate assays, assays of enzyme containing substances,
biological and microbiological assays and tests. (8L)
2.2 Limit tests, solubility tests, disintegration tests, stability studies,
impurity profile of drugs, bioequivalence and bioavailability studies.
Polymers in pharmaceuticals and novel drug delivery systems.(7L)
UNIT III Forensic Science 15
3.1 Analytical Chemistry in Forensic Science: General idea.(2L)
3.2 Forensic Analysis: Blood, DNA profiling, Hair analysis, Alcohol in
body fluids, systematic drug identification.(5L)
3.3 Analytical Toxicology: Isolation, identification and determination of:
3.3.1 Narcotics: Heroin, morphine and cocaine.
3.3.2 Stimulants: Amphetamines and caffeine.
3.3.3 Depressants: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates and Mandrax.
3.3.4 Hallucinogens: LSD and Cannabis.
3.3.5 Metabolites of drugs in blood and urine of addicts.
3.3.6 Viscera, stomach wash, vomit and postmortem blood for poisons like
– cyanide, arsenic, mercury, insecticides and pesticides. (8L)
UNIT IV Cosmetic Analysis 15
4.1 Cosmetics: Introduction. Evaluation of cosmetic materials, raw
materials and additives. Formulation, standards and methods of
analysis.(2L)
4.2 Deodorants and antiperspirants: Al, Zn, Boric acid, chlorides,
sulphates, hexachlorophene, methanamine, phenolsulphonates and
urea.(3L)
4.3 Face powder: Fats, fatty acids, boric acid, barium sulphate, Ca, Mg, Ti,
Fe, oxides of Ti, Fe and Al (total).(3L)
 4.4 Hair tonic: 2,5-diaminotoluene, potassium borates, sodium perborate,
pyrogallol, resorcinol, salicylic acid, dithioglycollic acid (in permanent
wavers)(3L)
4.5 Creams and Lotions: Types of emulsions, chloroform soluble materials,
glycerol, pH emulsion, ash analysis, nonvolatile matter (IR spectroscopy)
(2L)
4.6 Lipsticks: General analysis, determination of - nonvolatile matter, lakes
and fillers, trichloroethylene-acetone soluble contents.(2L)

References
1) Analytical Biochemistry, David J Holmes and Hazel Peck, Longman, 1983.
2) Bioanalytical Chemistry, Susan R Mikkelesen and Eduardo Cotton, John Wiley and
Sons, 2004.
3) Analysis of food and beverages, George Charalanbous, Academic press, 1978.
th
4) Harry’s Cosmetology, 7 Ed, Longman Scientific Co.
5) Formulation and Function of Cosmetics, Joseph Stefan Jellinek, Wiley Interscience, 1971.
6) Cosmetic Technology, Edward Sagarin, Interscience Publishers, 1957.
7) Modern Cosmetics, Edgar George Thommsen, Francis Chilson, Drug and Cosmetic
Industry, 1947.
8) Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, Foster Dee Snell et al, Interscience
Publishers, 1967.
9) Government of India Publications of Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and Rules.
10) The Handbook of Drug Laws, M L Mehra, University Book Agency, Ahmedabad, 1997.
11) Chemical Analysis of Drugs, Takeru Higuchi, Interscience Publishers, 1995.
12) Text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Kenneth Antonio Connors, Wiley, 2001.
13) Food Processing and Preservation, B Sivasankar, Prentice - Hall of India Private
Limited, 2007.
14) Food Additives, R M Pandey and S K Upadhyay, INTECH, Open Science/Open Minds.
15) Food Science, B Srilakshmi, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, 2003.
16) Food Contaminants: Sources and Surveillance, Edited by C Creaser, R Purchase,
Elseiver, 1991.
17) The Chemical Analysis of Food and Food Products, Morris B Jacobs.
18) FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) Manuals of Methods of Analysis
of Foods (Oils and Fats, Milk and Milk Products, Food Additives), Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare, Government of India.
19) Fundamentals of Urine and Body Fluid Analysis, Nancy A Brunzel, Elsevier
health Sciences, 2013.
20) Lab Manual on Blood analysis and Medical Diagnostics, Dr Gayatri Prakash, S Chand
and Company Ltd, New Delhi.
21) Manual of Medical Laboratory Techniques, S Ramakrishnan and K N Sulochana,
Jaypee BrothersMedical Publishers (P) Ltd, 2012.
22) Indian Pharmacopeia, Volume I and II.
23) Forensic Chemistry, Suzanne Bell, Pearson Prentice Hall Publication, 2006.
24) Forensic Chemistry, David E Newton, Infobase Publishing, 2007.
25) Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 3, Academic Press, 1995.
26) AOAC Volume I and II.
 SEMESTER-III
PRACTICALS

PSCHA3P1 Group – A:
1. Determination of the pK value of an indicator.
2. Determination of copper and bismuth in mixture by photometric titration.
3. Estimation of strong acid, weak acid and salt in the given
mixture conductometrically.
4. Analysis of mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate (present in
ppm range) using pHmetry.
5. Determination of copper by extractive photometry using
diethyldithiocarbamate.

PSCHA3P2 Group – B:
1. Estimation of drugs by non aqueous titration: Pyridoxine hydrochloride,
Sulphamethoxazole.
2. Determination of percentage purity of methylene blue indicator.
3. Estimation of cholesterol and Uric acid in the given sample of blood serum
4. Estimation of fluoride in a tooth paste.
5. Determination of silica by molybdenum blue method.

PSCHA3P3 Group–C:
1. Total reducing sugars before and after inversion in honey using: (a) Cole’s
Ferricyanide (b) Lane - Eynon method.
2. Analysis of lactose in milk
3. Estimation of Caffeine in tea
4. Estimation of Vitamin C in lemon Juice/squash by Dichlorophenol-indophenol
method
5. Iodine value of oil / fat
6. Analysis of alcoholic beverages (Beer) for alcohol content by distillation followed
by specific gravity method, acidity by titration, total residue by evaporation.

PSCHA3P4 Group – D:
1. To analyze Pyrolusite for: Fe by colorimetry and / or Mn by
volumetry.
2. To analyze Magnelium for Mg by complexometry.
3. Analysis of Bauxite for Ti by colorimetry / Al by gravimetry / Fe (volumetry)
4. Analysis of water sample: Total hardness and salinity.
5. Analysis of water sample: Acidity and sulphate(Benzidine method).

NOTE:
1. The candidate is expected to submit a journal certified by the Head of the
Department / institution at the time of the practical examination.
2. A candidate will not be allowed to appear for the practical examination unless he / she
produces a certified journal or a certificate from the Head of the institution/department stating
that the journal is lost and the candidate has performed the required number of experiments
satisfactorily. The list of the experiments performed by the candidate should be attached with
such certificate.
Use of non-programmable calculator is allowed both at the theory and the practical
examination.
 SEMSTER-IV
PSCHA401
Quality In Analytical Chemistry

UNIT I Separation Science 15

1.1 Membrane separation processes: operating principles and

applications of microfiltration, ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis, dialysis
and electro-dialysis. (8L)
1.2 Applications of Solvent extraction in Analytical Chemistry-
recapitulation of solvent extraction, roles of solvent extraction in
analytical chemistry, solvent extraction in sample preparation and
pretreatment steps, solvent extraction as a means of analytical
determination (7L)

UNIT II Separation, Analysis and Standardization of Herbal based products. 15

2.1 Herbs as a raw material: Defination of herb, herbal medicine, herbal

Medicinal products, herbal drug preparation. Sources of herbs. Selection,
identification and authentication of herbal materials, drying and
processing of herbal raw materials,drying and processing of herbal raw
material.(6L)
2.2Extraction of herbal materials: Choice of solvent for extraction, methods
used for extraction and principles involved in extraction.(3L)
2.3Standardization of herbal formulation and herbal extracts:
Standardization of herbal extract as per WHO cGMP guidelines, Physical,
Chemical,Spectral and toxilogical standardization,qualitative and
quantitative esimations.(6L)
 UNIT III Green Chemistry 15

3.1 Principle and concepts of green chemistry: sustainable development

and green chemistry, atom economy, examples of atom economic and
atom uneconomic reactions, reducing toxicity (4L)
3.2 Organic solvents: environmentally benign solutions, solvent free
systems, supercritical fluids (only introduction) Ionic liquids as catalysts
and solvents (4L)
3.3 Emerging Green Technologies: photochemical reactions (advantages
and challenges), examples. Chemistry using microwaves, sonochemistry
and electrochemical synthesis. (4L)
3.4 Designing Greener Processes: Inherently Safer Designs (ISD), Process
intensification (PI) in-process monitoring. (3L)

UNIT IV Advanced Techniques 15

4.1 Electrophoresis: introduction, factors affecting migration rate,

supporting media (gel, paper, cellulose, acetate, starch, polyacrylamide,
agarose, sephedax and thin layers) (2L)
4.2 Techniques of Electrophoresis: low and high voltage, sds-page,
continuous electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, zone, gel, isoelectric
focusing, isotaechophoresis and miceller electro kinetic capillary
chromatography, instrumentation, detection and applications. (8L)
4.3 Introduction to Nanotechnology: Analytical techniques in
nanotechnology, consequences of the nanoscale, (nanoparticles
morphology, electronic structure, optical properties) one dimensional nano
materials (nanofilms, nanolayers), two dimensional nanomaterials (
nanotubes, nanowires), three dimensional nanomaterials (nanoparticles
and quantum dots). (5L)

List of Books and references:

1. Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques by C R Kothari, 2e, Wishwa Publication,
New Delhi
2. Research Methodology by D K Bhattacharyya, 1 e, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2003
3. How to Research by Loraine Blaxter, Christina Hughes and Molcolm Tight, Viva
Books Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi
4. Chemical methods of separation, J A Dean, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1969
5. Solvent extraction and ion exchange, J Marcus and A. S. Kertes Wiley INC 1969.
6. Extraction Chromatography, T. Braun, G. Ghersene, Elsevier Publications 1978.
7. Super critical fluid extraction, Larry Taylor Wiley publishers N.Y. 1996
8. Ion exchange separation in analytical chemistry, O Samuelson John Wiley 2nd ed 1963
9. Ion exchange chromatography, Ed H.F Walton Howden, Hutchenson and Rossing 1976
10. Chromatographic and electrophoresis techniques, I Smith Menemann Interscience 1960
11. Green chemistry and catalyst, R. A. Sheldon, Isabella Arends, Ulf Hanefeld Wiley
VCH verlag GmBH & co.
12. Sustainable residential development: planning and design for green neighborhoods.
Avi Friedman, McGraw Hill professional.
 SEMESTER-IV
PSCHA402
Advanced Instrumental Techniques

UNIT I Spectral Methods III 15

NMR Spectroscopy
1.1 Theory and Instrumentation- recapitulation, FTNMR, 2D NMR,- FID signal
generation mechanism, Techniques in 2D NMR- homo nuclear correlation
spectroscopy (COSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear
correlation (HETCOR) (9L)
1.2 Radio waves in imaging- principle instrumentation and applications of MRI
(3L)
13 31 19
1.3 Application of NMR to other nuclei C , P and F spectroscopy (3L)
UNIT-II Spectral Methods IV 15
2.1 Mass spectroscopy: recapitulation, correlation of mass spectra with molecular
structure- interpretation of mass spectra, analytical information derived from
mass spectra- molecular identification, metastable peaks, Fragmentation Reactions
(9L)
2.2 Raman spectroscopy: Principle Theory Instrumentation , techniques(SERS and
Resonance Raman) and Applications of Raman spectroscopy (6L)

UNIT III Radiochemical And Thermal Methods 15

3.1 Activation analysis- NAA ,radiometric titrations and radio-release methods
(7L)
3.2 Thermal analysis- Principle, Interfacing , instrumentation and Applications of
(a) Simultaneous Thermal Analysis- TG-DTA and TG-DSC
(b) Evolved gas analysis- TG-MS and TG-FTIR (8L)

UNIT IV Hyphenated Techniques 15

4.1 concept of hyphenation, need for hyphenation, possible hyphenations.
(2L)
4.2 Interfacing devices and applications of GC – MS, ICP -MS, GC - IR,
Tandem Mass Spectrometry, LC – MS: HPLC-MS, CE-MS. (13L)
List of Books and references:
th
1. Analytical Chemistry, G. D. Christian, 4 Ed. John Wiley, New York (1986)
2. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, D. A. Skoog and D. M. West and F. J Holler
th
Holt- Saunders 6 Edition (1998)
th
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler and J.A. Niemann 5 Ed.
4. Instrumental methods of Analysis, H. H. Willard, L. L. Merritt Jr, J. A. Dean and F. A.

5. Thermal methods of Analysis, P. J. Haines, Blackie Academic & Professional, London

(1995)
rd
6. Thermal Analysis, 3 Edition W. W. Wendlandt, John Wiley, N.Y. (1986)
nd
7. Principles and Practices of X-ray spectrometric Analysis, 2 Ed E. P. Bertain, Plenum Press,
NY, (1975)
8. Nuclear Analytical Chemistry, D. Bane, B. Forkman, B. Persson, Chartwell - Bratt Ltd
(1984)
9. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, Eds. F. J. Welcher, Robert E. Krieger
Publishing Company, A series of volumes
st
10. A Complete Introduction to Modern NMR Spectroscopy 1 Edition by Roger S.
Macomber
11. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Hardcover – by Robert
M.Silverstein Wiley
st
12 Tandem Techniques (Separation Science Series) 1 Edition by Raymond P. W. Scott
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1997
13 Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Editors-in-Chief: Paul Worsfold, Alan Townshend,
and Colin Poole ISBN: 978-0-12-369397-6
14. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry: Applications, Theory, and Instrumentation.
Meyers Robert A Meyers
15. Introduction to Thermal Analysis Techniques and Applications Edited by Michael
E. Brown
16 Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis Edited by Paul Gabbott
 SEMESTER – IV
PSCHA403
Selected Topics in Analytical Chemistry

UNIT I Effluent Treatment 15

1.1 Effluent treatment plant general construction and process flow charts(3L)
1.2 Treatment and disposal of Sewage.(3L)
1.3. Effluent parameters for metallurgical industry.(2L)
1.4 Permissible limits for metal (example Cr, As, Pb, Cd etc) traces
in the effluent.(2L)
1.5 Recovery of metals from effluent, modern methods – Electrodialysis,
Electrodeposition and Ion Exchange etc.(3L)
1.6 Recycle and reuse of process and treated (effluent) water(2L)
UNIT – II Solid Waste Management 15

2.1 Solid waste management: objectives, concept of recycle, reuse

and recovery (3L)
2.2 Methods of solid waste disposal.(2L)
2.3 Treatment and disposal of sludge / dry cake (3L)
2.4 Managing non-decomposable solid wastes(2L)
2.5 Bio- medical waste : Introduction , Classification and methods of disposal
(5L)
UNIT – III Plastics and Polymers 15
3.1 Classification of plastic, determination of additives, molecular weight
distribution, analysis of plastic and polymers based on styrene, vinyl chloride,
ethylene, acrylic and cellulosic plastics. (5L)

3.2 Metallic impurities in plastic and their determination, (2L)

3.3 Impact of plastic on environment as pollutant.(2L)

3.4 Paints and pigments: Types of paints pigments, determination of volatile

and non - volatile components, Flash point (significance and method of
determination), separation and analysis of pigments, binders and thinners.(3L)
3.5 Role of Organo silicones in paints and their impact on environment.(3L)
 UNIT – IV: Metallurgy 15
4.1 Ores and minerals: Dressing of ores, pollution due to metallurgical
processes (ore dressing, calcination, smelting ) (3L)
4.2 Chemical analysis of ores for principal constituents : Galena,
Pyrolusite, Bauxite, Hematite, Monazite (4L)
4.3 Alloys: definition, analysis of Cupronickel, Magnelium, Steel And
Stainless Steel, Bronze, Gun metal.(4L)
4.4 Techniques of purification: Zone refining, analysis of high purity
materials like s i l i c o n , vacuum fusion and extraction techniques. (4L)

List of Books and References:

1. Environmental Pollution Analysis, S. M. khopkar, New Age International publication
(2011).
2. Water and water pollution (hand book) Ed., Seonard’l Ciacere, Vol I to IV, Marcel
Dekker inc. N.Y.(1972)
3. Water pollution, Arvind kumar, APH publishing (2004)
4. Introduction to Potable Water Treatment Processes Simon Parsons, Bruce Jefferson,
Paperback publication.
5. Solid waste management, K Sasikumar and Sanoop Gopi Krishna PHI publication
(2009)
6. Solid waste management, Surendrakumar Northen Book Center (2009)
rd
7. Handbook of chemical technology and pollution control 3 Edn Martin Hocking AP
Publication (2005).
8 Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Chemistry, Second Edition G. S. Sodhi , Alpha
Science, 2005
9. Chemical analysis of metals ; Sampling and analysis of metal bearing ores: American
Society for Testing and Materials 1980 - Technology & Engineering
10. Manual of Procedures for Chemical and Instrumental Analysis of Ores, Minerals, and
Ore Dressing Products. Government of India Ministry of Steel & Mines, Indian Bureau of
Mines, 1979.
11. Alloying: understanding the basics, edited by Joseph R. Davis, ASM International
(2001).
12. Zone refining and allied techniques, Norman L. Parr, G. Newnes Technology &
Engineering (1960).
 SEMESTER – IV
Course Code: PSCHAOC-I 404
(INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS &
CHEMINFORMATICS)
Unit 1: [15L]
[2L]
Introduction to Intellectual Property: [2L]

Historical Perspective, Different types of IP, Importance of protecting IP.

[5L]
Patents: [5L]

Historical Perspective, Basic and associated right, WIPO, PCT system,

Traditional Knowledge, Patents and Health care-balancing promoting
innovation with public health, Software patents and their importance for
India.
[2L]
Industrial Designs: [2L]

Definition, How to obtain, features, International design registration.

[2L]
Copyrights: [2L]

Introduction, How to obtain, Differences from Patents.

[2L]
Trade Marks: [2L]

Introduction, How to obtain, Different types of marks – Collective marks,

certification marks, service marks, trade names etc.
[2L]
Geographical Indications: [2L]

Definition, rules for registration, prevention of illegal exploitation,

importance to India.
[15L]
Unit 2: [15L]
[2L]
Trade Secrets: [2L]

Introduction and Historical Perspectives, Scope of Protection, Risks

involved and legal aspects of Trade Secret Protection.
[2L]
IP Infringement issue and enforcement: [2L]

Role of Judiciary, Role of law enforcement agencies – Police, Customs etc.

[2L]
Economic Value of Intellectual Property: [5L]

Intangible assests and their valuation, Intellectual Property in the Indian

context – Various Laws in India Licensing and Technology transfer.

Different International agreements: [6L]

[5L]
(a) World Trade Organization (WTO):

(i) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Trade

 Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement

(ii) General Agreement on Trade Related Services (GATS)

Madrid Protocol.

(iii) Berne Convention

(iv) Budapest Treaty

[6L]
(b) Paris Convention

WIPO and TRIPS, IPR and Plant Breeders Rights, IPR and Biodiversity.

[15L]
Unit III: [15L]
[5L]
Introduction to Cheminformatics: [5L]

History and evolution of cheminformatics, Use of Cheminformatics,

Prospects of cheminformatics, Molecular modeling and structure
elucidation.
[5L]
Representation of molecules and chemical reactions: [5L]

Nomenclature, Different types of notations, SMILES coding, Matrix

representations, Structure of Molfiles and Sdfiles, Libraries and toolkits,
Different electronic effects, Reaction classification.
[5L]
Searching Chemical Structures: [5L]

Full structure search, sub-structure search, basic ideas, similarity search,

three dimensional search methods, basics of computation of physical and
chemical data and structure descriptors, data visualization.
[15L]
Unit IV: [15L]

Applications:

Prediction of Properties of Compound, Linear Free Energy Relations,

Quantitative Structure – Property Relations, Descriptor Analysis, Model
Building, Modeling Toxicity, Structure – Spectra correlations, Prediction
NMR, IR and Mass spectra, Computer Assisted Structure elucidations,
Computer assisted Synthesis Design, Introduction to drug design, Target
Identification and Validation, Lead Finding and Optimization, analysis of
HTS data, Virtual Screening, Design of Combinatorial Libraries, Ligand-
based and Structure based Drug design, Application of Cheminformatics in
Drug Design.
REFERENCES:
1. Andrew R. Leach & Valerie J. Gillet (2007) An Introduction to
Cheminformatics. Springer: The Netherlands.
2. Gasteiger, J. & Engel, T. (2003) Cheminformatics: A textbook.
Wiley–VCH
3. Gupta, S. P. QSAR and Molecular Modeling. Springer-Anamaya
Pub.: New Delhi.
 Course Code: PSCHAOC-II 404
PAPER – IV: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Unit 1: [15L]

Print: [5L]

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sources.

Journals:

Journal abbreviations, abstracts, current titles, reviews, monographs,

dictionaries, text-books, current contents, Introduction to Chemical
Abstracts and Beilstein, Subject Index, Substance Index, Author Index,
Formula Index, and other Indices with examples.

Digital: [5L]

Web sources, E-journals, Journal access, TOC alerts, Hot articles, Citation
Index, Impact factor, H-index, E-consortium, UGC infonet, E-books,
Internet discussion groups and communities, Blogs, preprint servers, Search
engines, Scirus, Google Scholar, ChemIndustry, Wiki-databases,
ChemSpider, Science Direct, SciFinder, Scopus.

Information Technology and Library Resources: [5L]

The Internet and World wide web, Internet resources for Chemistry, finding
and citing published information.

Unit II: DATA ANALYSIS [15L]

The Investigative Approach:

Making and recording Measurements, SI units and their use, Scientific

methods and design of experiments.

Analysis and Presentation of Data:

Descriptive statistics, choosing and using statistical tests, Chemometrics,

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Correlation and regression, curve fitting,
fitting of linear equations, simple linear cases, weighted linear case, analysis
of residuals, general polynomial fitting, linearizing transformations,
exponential function fit, r and its abuse, basic aspects of multiple linear
regression analysis.
Unit III: METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND WRITING
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS [15L]

Reporting practical and project work, Writing literature surveys and

reviews, organizing a poster display, giving an oral presentation.

Writing Scientific Papers:

Justification for scientific contributions, bibliography, description of

methods, conclusions, the need for illustration, style, publications of
scientific work, writing ethics, avoiding plagiarism.

Unit IV: CHEMICAL SAFETY & ETHICAL HANDLING OF

CHEMICALS [15L]

Safe working procedure and protective environment, protective apparel,

emergency procedure, first aid, laboratory ventilation, safe storage and use
of hazardous chemicals, procedure for working with substances that pose
hazards, flammable or explosive hazards, procedures for working with
gases at pressures above or below atmospheric pressur, safe storage and
disposal of waste chemicals, recovery, recycling and reuse of laboratory
chemicals, procedure for laboratory disposal of explosives, identification,
verification and segregation of laboratory waste, disposal of chemicals in
the sanitary sewer system, incineration and transportation of hazardous
chemicals.

REFERENCES:

1. Dean, J. R., Jones, A. M., Holmes, D., Reed, R., Weyers, J., &
Jones, A., (2011), Practical skills in Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Prentice
Hall, Harlow.
2. Hibbert, D. B. & Gooding, J. J. (2006) Data Analysis for Chemistry
Oxford University Press.
3. Topping, J., (1984) Errors of Observation and their Treatment 4th
Ed., Chapman Hill, London.
4. Harris, D. C. (2007) Quantative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Freeman
Chapters 3-5
5. Levie, R. De. (2001) How to use Excel in Analytical Chemistryand
in general scientific data analysis Cambridge Universty Press.
6. Chemical Safety matters – IUPAC-IPCS, (1992) Cambridge
University Press.
7. OSU Safety manual 1.01
Practical course
PSCHA4P1
Group – A:
1. Determination of pK value of H3PO4 potentimetrically
2. Estimation of Na+ in dairy whitener by flame photometry
3. Spectrophotometric determination of pH of buffer solution.
3+ 5+
4. Simultaneous determination of Ti and V spectrophotometrically by H2O2 method
5. To analyze Bronze for Zn by complexometric method

PSCHA4P2
Group – B:
1. Analysis of drugs by non aqueous titration: Glycine , Sodium Benzoate
2. Analysis of detergents: Active detergent matter, alkalinity and Oxygen releasing capacity
3. Determination of the purity of crystal violet
4. Estimation of Ca in Ca-pentathonate/calcium lactate tablets
5. Canned food: Limits test for tin/zinc

PSCHA4P3

Group – C:
1. Analysis of Calcium, Iron and phosphorous in milk.
2. Determination of SAP value of oil.
3. Estimation of Aldehyde in lemon grass oil / Cinnamon oil
4. Estimation of Glucose by Folin-Wu method
5. Analysis of water sample : Mn2+ by colorimetric method

PSCHA4P4
Group – D: Project Evaluation
NOTE:
3. The candidate is expected to submit a journal certified by the Head of the
Department / institution at the time of the practical examination.
4. A candidate will not be allowed to appear for the practical examination unless he / she
produces a certified journal or a certificate from the Head of the institution/department stating
that the journal is lost and the candidate has performed the required number of experiments
satisfactorily. The list of the experiments performed by the candidate should be attached with
such certificate.
Use of non-programmable calculator is allowed both at the theory and the practical
examination.