5 6143392263805337796 PDF
5 6143392263805337796 PDF
5 6143392263805337796 PDF
1. Does a monopolistically competitive market lead to excess capacity
under price competition? (2018)
2. Explain some of the measures for assessing the monopoly power of a
firm.
3. Explain why in a duopoly model of collusion, each firm has an incentive
to cheat the other.
4. Show how a dominant firm with a competitive fringe can act as a price
leader in an oligopoly market.
5. How do externalities lead to market failure? How can this situation be
remedied?
6. "Under monopolistic competition a firm enjoys monopoly power without
enjoying Monopoly profit." - Explain. (2017)
10. Explain kinked demand curve theory with the help of diagram.
11. Write on Prisoners’ dilemma and Nash equilibrium.
12. What is a Lemon Market? What is the role of signaling and screening in
it? Explain.
13. What is asymmetric information? How could it lead to adverse selection
and market failure? Discuss.
14. Explain the backward sloping supply curve of labour a choice between
income and leisure. (2015)
15. Under perfect competition, in the short run, find out graphically,
without using average cost curve, the conditions in equilibrium for the
existence of (i) normal profit, (ii) supernormal profit and (iii) loss.
16. Explain how Nash equilibrium provides a solution to the problem of
strategic interdependence among firms in an oligopolistic market.
17. What do you mean by existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in a
market? Examine these concepts in a market where both demand and
supply curves are downward sloping. (2014)
22. Under Bertrand price competition with homogeneous products in an
oligopoly demonstrate how is the equilibrium price that will prevail
arrived at?
23. Let the market demand curve for carbonated water be given by
P = 20 − 2 where P is the price and Q is the market output. Let there be
9Q
2 firms producing carbonated water, each with a constant marginal cost
of INR 2 or c1 = c2 = 2 .
What is the market equilibrium price and quantity when each firm
behaves as a Cournot duopolist? What are the firms' profits?
What is the market equilibrium price and quantity when each firm
behaves as a Bertrand duopolist? What are the firms' profits?
24. Suppose an industry is characterized by the following three conditions :
there are a large number of small firms, each producing a differentiated
product and facing a downward sloping demand curve; (ii) each firm
ignores the effects of this action on the decisions taken by other firms;
and (iii) new firms producing close substitutes for the product of the
existing firms can enter the industry. Then derive the equilibrium
conditions of an individual firm and of the industry.
25. “Validity of Marshall’s equi marginal utility depends on the assumption
of unitary elasticity of the marginal utility curves of the commodities
under the budget.” Clearly explain this assertion. (2012)
26. Show how price output decision is taken by duopolists, taking into
account, their mutual reaction. Under what condition will the
duopolistic market be in equilibrium?
27. “If firms produce differentiated products it is neither possible to identify
the industry nor possible to draw its supply curve.” Discuss and show
how Chamberlin handles the problem.
28. Is rent a surplus? Give reasons in support of your assertion and point
out the difference between ‘rent’ and ‘quasi-rent’.
29. Derive Marshall’s welfare economics from his concept of consumer
surplus after explaining consumer’s surplus along with the underlying
assumptions.
30. What is the prisoner's dilemma? How is it related to a strictly dominant
industry?
31. The ‘Non-rival nature’ of social goods consumption has important
bearing on efficient resource allocation. Explore the problem with the
examples and diagrams (2011)
32. A Supply curve is not used to determine the equilibrium price and
quantity in a market under monopoly because
(i) a supply curve derived by using relevant cost curves in a market
under monopoly may give more than one price for different
quantities and also more than one quantity for the same price’ and
(ii) for determining profit maximizing price and quantity of a
monopolist, supply curve is not necessary. Explain (i) and (ii) above
with graphical illustration. (2010)
33. State and explain the Law of Equi-marginal Utility and also state clearly
the limitations of this law.
34. What are the ways in which a perfectly competitive market may become
imperfect? Examine whether advertisement helps as imperfectly
competitive market become a perfectly competitive one.
35. Demand for light bulbs can be characterized by Q = 100 – P, where Q is
millions of boxes of lights sold and P is the price per box. There are two
producers of lights having identical cost functions :
C i = 10Qi + 12 Q2i (i= 1, 2)
2
Q = ∑ Qi = Q1 + Q2
i=1
(a) Unable to recognize the potential for collusion, managers of the
two Firms act as short-run perfect competitors. What are the
equilibrium values of Q1 , Q2 and P? What are each firm’s profits?
(b) Manager of each firm independently recognizes the oligopolistic
nature of light bulbs industry and plays Cournot. What are the
equilibrium values of Q1 , Q2 and P? What are each firm’s profits?
(c) Suppose Firm I guesses correctly that Firm II has Cournot
Conjectural variation, so it plays Stackelberg. What are the
equilibrium values of Q1 , Q2 and P? What are each firm’s profits?
(d) If the managers of two firms collude, what are the equilibrium
values of Q1 , Q2 and P? What are each firm’s profits?
36. “ A dominant firm acts as a price leader and other firms adjust their
outputs accordingly.” Comment. (2009)
37. “The prevalence of excess capacity is the direct consequence of the
existence of mono-polistic competition”. Elaborate the given statement.
(2008)
38. What are backward-rising input supply curves? Illustrate with the help
of suitable examples. (2007)
39. With the help of suitable diagrams, elaborate Cournot model. What is
the significance of reaction curves in the model?
40. What is meant by oligopoly? In what respects is it different from other
forms of market? Show that an oligopolist may face a kinked demand
curve. (2005)
41. Oligopoly firms often have a strong desire for stability, particularly with
respect of prices’. Illustrate the statement with the help of examples
generally found in the market. (2003)
44. Explain oligopoly. Does the Sweezy’s kinked demand curve solution offer
a satisfactory explanation of price-output decisions under oligopoly?
(2001)
45. What are the competitive and what are the monopolistic elements in
monopolistic competition? Explain fully. (2000)
47. Perfect competition may be myth but competition is a reality in every
type of market. Discuss this statement. (1998)
48. What is pure competition? How does it differ from perfect competition?
(1997)
49. Differentiate between imperfect competition and monopolistic
competition. Explain the role of selling costs under monopolistic
competition.
50. Explain why the price in competitive markets settles down at the
intersection of demand and supply curves. “ A very good harvest tends
to lower the income of farmers.” Illustrate this proposition using a
supply demand diagram. (1996)