Sample Report
Sample Report
As of 2019-07-01
Contacts:
Norman Gordon
Report generated on 12 Jul, 2019 info@equidam.com
Table of Contents
Company summary 3
Forecasts summary 4
Valuation 6
Use of funds 8
Qualitative methods
Scorecard Method 9
Checklist Method 10
VC method 12
DCF Methods
Financial Projections 15
Conclusion 17
Appendix 18
Company summary
Unicorn, Inc.
Schiedamse Vest 154, 3011 BH Rotterdam, the Netherlands
The Netherlands
Opportunity Latest operating performance
Business model: B2B 07/2018 - 06/2019
Scalable Product: No
Exit strategy: Big market-players demonstrated strong interest in Revenues 540,000 -
buying the company
EBITDA 400,000 -
Ebitda margin 74 % -
Current Operations
EBIT 400,000 -
Stage of development: Expansion stage
Ebit margin 74 % -
Employees (excluding founders, interns and freelancers): 5
Profitability: Yes
All numbers in €
Competitors
Pony, Inc. | ponyinc.com
Hippo, Inc. | hippoinc.com
/// More information on the history, milestones, team, etc., (e.g. pitchdeck) can be requested to the company.
Forecasts summary
Future profitability
Revenues Costs EBITDA
5.0M
4.0M
3.0M
2.0M
1.0M
0.0
-1.0M
€ 1,080,000 € 1,795,600 € 4,317,800
Cash forecast
Cash in hand Free cash flow to equity
1.8M
1.5M
1.2M
900.0K
600.0K
300.0K
0.0
-300.0K
-600.0K
€ 708,768 € 677,733 € 1,646,632
/// Full profit and loss and cash flow forecast at page 14.
Current ownership
Here is an overview of the current shareholders in the company. More information on type of shares, unassigned shares, and in
general a detailed cap table can be requested to the company in question.
Norman: 84 %
Elon: 11 %
UNI Incubator: 5 %
Valuation
The pre-money valuation displayed below is the result of the weighted average of different methods. The use of several
methods is a best practice in company valuation, as looking at the business from different perspectives results in a more
comprehensive and reliable view.
These methods are compliant with IPEV (International Private Equity Valuation) Guidelines and each of them will be explained
in more detail in the following pages of the report.
More information on the weights can be found in the Appendix.
Low Bound
Pre-money valuation High Bound
€ 4,856,000 € 5,014,845 € 5,174,000
5 Valuation Methods
Method weights
Pre-money valuation
Low Bound High Bound
€ 4,856,000
€ 5,014,845 € 5,174,000
Capital needed
17.08% € 1,000,000 16.2%
16.63%
Post-money valuation
Low Bound High Bound
€ 5,856,000
€ 6,014,845 € 6,174,000
Starting from the post-money valuation of the company, the equity percentage that relates to the investment is calculated as
investment/post-money valuation. Keeping the investment amount fixed, the lower the pre-money valuation, the higher the
equity stake, and vice versa.
Use of funds
Here is a breakdown on how the company will use the capital raised.
Inventory:
€ 150,000 (15 %)
Operations:
€ 100,000 (10 %)
Capital expenditures:
€ 50,000 (5 %)
Qualitative methods
Scorecard Method: € 4,257,101
This method was conceived by William H. Payne of Ohio TechAngels group and endorsed by the Ewing Marion Kauffman
Foundation. The valuation of the startup depends on how different this is from the assumed average of a set of comparable
companies from the same region.
Startups’ qualitative traits are divided in 6 criteria, compared with the assumed traits of the average company, and given a
score according to whether it over- or under-performs the assumed average company. These scores are multiplied by weights
that represent the impact of the criteria on the valuation. The sum of these weighted scores multiplied by the average valuation
leads to the company’s pre-money valuation.
Parameters
Average valuation (The Netherlands): € 2,293,388
/// Please see appendix for data sources, defaults, and breakdown of the traits
1.6M
1.4M
1.2M
1.0M
800.0K
600.0K
400.0K
200.0K
0.0
€ 1,440,000 € 1,000,000 € 750,000 € 531,250 € 1,000,000
Quality of the core team Quality of the Idea Product roll-out and IP Strategic Relationships Operating Stage
protection
Parameters
Maximum valuation (The Netherlands): € 5,000,000
/// Please see appendix for data sources, defaults, and breakdown of the traits
Team Network
Founders Board of advisors: Yes
Time commitment: Full time Legal consultants: No
Average age: Between 35 and 45 Current shareholders: Incubator / accelerator, Business angel
Founded other companies before: Yes, with successful exit(s)
Market Product
Total Addressable Market (TAM): € 1,000,000,000 Product roll-out: Already to Market
Annual growth rate of the market: 1.00 % Feedback received: All positive
Demand validated: Yes Loyalty to the product/service: High retention
Internationalization: Active globally Partners: Contracts with key strategic partners signed and serving
high volumes
Competition Protection
Level of competition: Negligible competition Barriers to entry of the market: Modest
Competitive products are: On the same level Applicable IP: Patent
Differentiation from current solutions: Not comparable solutions Current IP protection: IP protection secured at global level
International competition: Not yet developed
VC Method
Premoney Valuation: € 4,043,402
The VC (Venture Capital) method is one of most common approaches among financial practitioners in the private company
market. The startup is given the valuation that will grant investors a predetermined return at the exit.
The potential exit value of the company is computed with an industry-based EBITDA multiple. The valuation is equal to this
value discounted by a required return on investment. This depends on the startup’s stage of development, higher for early stage
riskier companies, lower for more mature ones. It is the minimum rate that will allow investors to have positive returns from
portfolios where most companies fail and gains come from a selected few.
1.6M
€ 1,471,800
1.4M
Last Year EBITDA
1.2M
1.0M
800.0K
EBITDA
9.01
EBITDA multiple
600.0K
400.0K
200.0K
€ 13,267,782
Last Year Exit value
0.0
-200.0K 48.60 %
-€ 198,000 -€ 106,200 € 1,471,800 Annual Discount
Rate
07/2019 - 06/2020 07/2020 - 06/2021 07/2021 - 06/2022
€ 4,043,402
Premoney Valuation
Parameters
Industry Multiple: 9.01
Annual Discount Rate: 48.60 %
DCF Methods
The DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) methods represent the most renown approach to company valuation, recommended by
academics and a daily tool for financial analysts. The valuation is the present value of all the free cash flows to equity the
startup is going to generate in the future, discounted by its risk.
These methods weight the projected free cash flow to equity by the probability the startup will survive. Then, the flows are
discounted to present by a rate that represents risks related to industry, size, development stage and profitability. Lastly, an
illiquidity discount is applied to the sum of the discounted cash flows to compute the valuation.
The value of cash flows beyond the projected ones is represented by the TV (Terminal Value) and the way it is calculated is the
difference between the following two methods.
1.0M
800.0K € 968,899
Free cash flow to equity
400.0K
200.0K
1.49 %
0.0
Long term growth
-200.0K
-400.0K
-€ 302,870 -€ 231,034 € 968,899
€ 9,306,301
Terminal value
07/2019 - 06/2020 07/2020 - 06/2021 07/2021 - 06/2022
8.63 %
Discount rate
26.74 % € 5,413,692
Illiquidity discount Premoney Valuation
€ 1,471,800
1.6M Last Year EBITDA
1.4M
1.2M
1.0M
800.0K
600.0K 9.01
400.0K EBITDA multiple
200.0K
0.0
-200.0K
-400.0K
-€ 302,870 -€ 231,034 € 968,899
€ 8,972,521
Terminal value
8.63 %
Discount rate
26.74 % € 5,222,974
Illiquidity discount Premoney Valuation
Financial Projections
Profit & Loss
The profit & loss projections are displayed below. Data about revenues and operating costs are provided by the company.
Depreciation and amortization, interest, and taxes are either provided by the company or estimated by Equidam. Please consult
our methodology document for more details.
Cost of Goods Sold 20,000 28,000 +40% 76,800 +3X 189,000 +2X
Taxes - - - - - 193,845 -
All numbers in €
Cash Flow
The cash flow projections are displayed below. Capital expenditure, debt at the end of the year, and equity fundraising are
provided by the company. Account payables, account receivables, inventory and D&A are either provided by the company or
estimated by Equidam based on the average percentage of revenues for public companies in the company's industry.
Debt at the end of the year 30,000 20,000 -33% 10,000 -50% - -
All numbers in €
Conclusion
Legal Notes
Equidam Valuation SL does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or any other
information displayed or distributed through this report or its website. The estimates and the data contained herein are made
using the information provided by the user, publicly available information and data for different industries. Equidam Valuation
SL has not audited or attempted to confirm this information for accuracy or completeness.
Under no circumstances the present report is to be used or considered as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation to sell, or a
solicitation of any offer to buy any security. Equidam Valuation SL excludes any warranties and responsibilities concerning the
results to be obtained from the present report nor their use and shall not be liable for any claims, losses or damages arising
from or occasioned by any inaccuracy, error, delay, or omission, or from use of the report or actions taken in reliance on the
information contained in it. The use of this report and the information provided herein is subject to Equidam Valuation SL online
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Appendix
Weights of the methods
The default weight of each method is determined by Equidam based on the stage of development, and they are shown below.
They can be manually adjusted by the company.
Stage of development Checklist Method Scorecard Method VC Method DCF with LTG DCF with Multiples
• Qualitative information is more important in early stage companies, where performance uncertainty is extremely high, so
qualitative methods are weighted in more
• The investors' view is equally important across all stages, so the weight of the VC method does not change
• Quantitative information is more reliable in later stages, when a company already has a proven financial track record.
Therefore, it is possible to use the DCF methods more extensively as projected results get founded in past performance
Qualitative methods
Default average and maximum valuations data sources
Dataset: Pre-money market valuations from transactions in the last 30 months of company in all industries, all countries,
and at seed funding stage
Datasource: Crunchbase
Usage: Computation of average and maximum (net of outliers) pre-money valuations in given geographic areas for the
qualitative methods (Scorecard and Checklist respectively)
Update: Biannual
Scorecard Method
Default weights of the criteria and breakdown in their traits
Time commitment of the founders Estimated revenues in the third year according to the stage of the
Number of employees development
Team spirit and comradeship Estimated size of the market in three years
Years of industry experience of the core team Geographical scope of the business
Business and managerial background of the core team
Strength of the relationships with key strategic partners Capital required according to the stage of development
Checklist Method
Default weights of the criteria and breakdown in their traits
Stage of development
Current profitability
VC method
Below the sources of the valuation parameters used in the VC Method: EBITDA Multiple and Annual Discount Rate, and their
default values provided by Equidam
EBITDA multiple
Description: Enterprise value on EBITDA multiples computed over a dataset of global, publicly listed firms organized by
industry
Update: Annual
Notes: We favor the use of EBITDA multiple, as we believe revenue multiples fail to capture the ability of startups to
generate cash flow, i.e. the ultimate determinant of value.
The default annual discount rates are determined by Equidam based on the returns investors require for companies at different
stage of development, and are shown below. They can be manually adjusted by the company.
DCF Methods
Below the sources of the valuation parameters used in the DCF Methods: Discount Rate, Survival Rates and Illiquidity
Discounts, and their default values provided by Equidam.
Discount rate
Update: Bi-annual (but more frequent if macroeconomic conditions are more volatile)
Notes: For the Eurozone we apply the German 10Y Bond rate
Industry betas
Description: Industry beta computed over industry specific portfolios of global, public listed companies (same as in EBITDA
multiple)
Update: Annual
Description: Country based total equity risk premium as implied in the previous 12 trailing months.
Update: Biannual
Survival Rate
Dataset: Country-level survival probabilities of the latest cohort of companies with three years of data available.
Datasource: European Office of Statistics (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat), U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (https://www.bls.gov/),
specific academic research and public offices of statistics for different countries.
Update: Annual
Illiquidity discount
The default illiquidity discount is assigned based on current profitability and projected revenues, according to the approach
suggested by William L. Silber.
Dataset: Global, publicly listed companies organized by industry (same as in EBITDA multiple)
Update: Annual
Notes: The value is winsorized over a 0% - 2.5% range. We do not want the long term growth to be above world GDP
growth expectations, as it would mean the company is going to overgrow world economy at some point in time
Update: Annual
Notes: We favor the use of EBITDA multiple, as we believe revenue multiples fail to capture the ability of startups to
generate cash flow, the ultimate determinant of value.
07/2018 - 06/2019
Tangible assets - - -
Intangible assets - - -
Financial assets - - -
Equity - - -
All numbers in €