HENRI MATISSE

ARTIST RESOURCE MANUALS

VOLUME I
GARLAND REFERENCE L1BRARY OF THE HUMANITIES
VOLUME 1424
ARTIST RESOURCE MANUALS

WOLFGANG M. FREITAG, Series Editor

HENRI MATISSE
A Guide to Research
Catherine C. Bock-Weiss
HENRI MATISSE
A GUIDE TO RESEARCH

CATHERINE C. BOCK-WEISS

igl~ Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
New York Lendon
First published by Garland Publishing, Inc.

This edition published 2012 by Routledge

Routledge Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group Taylor & Francis Group
711 ThirdAvenue 2 Park Square, Milton Park
NewYork, NY 10017 Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Copyright © 1996 by Catherine C. Bock-Weiss

All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bock-Weiss, Catherine C.
Henri Matisse : a guide to research / by Catherine C. Bock-Weiss.
p. cm. - (Artist resource manuals; v. 1) (Garland reference li-
brary of the humanities ; v. 1424)
ISBN 0-8153-0086-7
1. Matisse, Henri, 1869-1954-Criticism and interpretation-
Bibliography. I. Tide. 11. Series. III. Series: Garland reference library
of the humanities ; vol. 1424.
Z8554.32.B63 1996
[N6853.M33]
016.7'092-dc20 96-19440
CIP
 To my husband,
Raymond L. Weiss

and

in memory of my father,
Frank 1. Bock
(1901-1994)
SERIES PREFACE

"Our ideas about the past are the results of an immense cooperative effort."
(E.H. Gombrich, The Story of Art).

Each generation sees any important artist differendy. With the series Artist Resource
Manuals, Garland offers a new kind of reference guide that traces the his tory of the
critical reception of major artists by tracing the literary evidence. Collecting and pre-
senting the facts on how artists were received and their oeuvre perceived will provide
the foundations for a better understanding of the masters. Each volume has at its core
an historical essay that deals in depth with farne and fortune of the artist from his or
her own time through the successive ages to the present. This is followed by a selec-
tive, critical, annotated bibliography section that encompasses a listing of essential
primary sources as weil as a bibliography of the secondary literature. Among the pri-
mary sources are the artists' own programmatic, theoretical, and autobiographical
writings. The bibliography of secondary literary sources includes monographs, oeuvre
catalogues, catalogues of exhibition and auction sale catalogues; articles in newspa-
pers, festschriften, museum bulletins, and yearbooks are given consideration commen-
surate with their importance. Also included and discussed are reflections of the artist's
works in other creative media, e.g. in poetry and in fiction, in plays, musical compo-
sitions, film and television productions. Each volume is to have several indexes, as weil
as chronological tables, location guides to works in public and private collections, and
other scholarly apparatus as appropriate to the individual artists. The series is open
ended. Ir will encompass all periods of documented art history, western as weil as non-
western, and represent artists active in all visual media.

Wolfgang M. Freitag
 Contents
Foreword ix
Introduction: Henri Matisse, Critical Responses and xiii
Contemporary Reassessments
Matisse Chronology xcvii

1 Primary Documentation
Archives 1
Matisse's Writings and Interviews 6
11 General Studies, Catalogues, and Collections of Essays 13
III Specific Media
Sculpture
Books 71
Articles 74
Graphics
Books 86
Articles 99
Paper Cut-Outs and Decorative Projects
Books 112
Articles 116
IV General Articles 133
V Individual Works
Painting, Paper Cut-Outs 265
Sculpture 318
Drawing, Graphics, Book Design 321
Decorative Commissions (Architecture, 334
Murals, Theatre, Applied Arts)
VI Fauvism
Books and Catalogues 365
Articles 384
VII Collections and Collectors 411
VIII Matisse and Other Artists 431
IX Books on Matisse for Children 445
X Exhibitions and Catalogues 449

Index of Authors 663

Index of Subjects and Themes 673
Index of Artworks
Titles in French 677
Titles in English 684
This page intentionally left blank
 Foreword

The art ofthe extraordinary French artist, Henri Matisse (1869-

1954), has provided visual pleasures and intellectual challenges to its
viewers for the last hundred years. A parallel delight and mental
stimulus are afforded by the best critical responses to Matisse's
paintings, sculpture, and graphie works. The most significant literature
has been produced by a surprisingly smaIl number of persistent Matisse
interpreters--critics, artists and writers, art his tori ans and museum
curators, art theorists and estheticians--who have returned again and
again to reflect on the artist and his work. The quality of this writing
has transformed for me what might have been a tedious, though useful,
task of bibliographie retrieval into an intellectual adventure.
Far too many books and articles, however, are merely pieture-
albums, pastiches of previously published material, or empty rhetorical
encomiums produced on demand by professional writers or journalists.
If I am able to steer the reader away from this mass of secondary
material toward the essential corpus of truly informative, critical, and
often brilliant literature on Matisse, this guide will serve a useful
purpose.
I have gathered, summarized, and evaluated the major literature
on the artist primarily from France, the United States, Germany, and
the Scandinavian countries, where major Matisse collections bear
witness to early and intense interest in the artist's work. Although the
former Soviet Union possesses rich collections of some of Matisse's
most important work, historieal circumstances have prevented the
production of a concomitantly rieh body of critical or historieal
literature until relatively recently. Likewise, although Matisse had a
strong following in Germany from before World War I, the Nazi rise to
power and the post-World War 11 situation effectively broke the thread
of an ongoing discourse on Matisse's art and its significance.
Switzerland, England, and Italy have produced relatively less criticism
of theoretical interest, although the English writer Roger Fry became

ix
x FOREWORD

arguably the most influential critic in all subsequent "formalist"

literature on Matisse in English.
Though comprehensive, with over 1400 entries summarized
and as many exhibitions detailed, this research guide to the literature on
Henri Matisse makes no claim to be exhaustive. Too much has been
written, and too much of it is in the nature of journalistic ephemera, to
merit retrieving. 1 must also admit at the outset that a coarser sieve
was used to gather Japanese, Central European, and even Russian
materials, since these have not appeared in more traditional international
research sources. I made no special effort to pursue these, as I believe
national reception-histories are best researched by on-site native
speakers.
The decision to list Matisse's exhibitions--solo and group
shows--was a practical one. It allowed me to group pamphlet-sized
catalogues and short reviews under the event that occasioned them, not
mingled with more substantive writing. Exhibition catalogues, of
course, contain some of the most innovative writing and the weightiest
scholarship; when this is so, the catalogue is also listed separately
(ordinarily under Monographs or Specific Media). Significant
catalogue essays are also cross-listed by their authors' names under
Articles or more specific content-classification, as are substantive
review-essays. Reviews of shows of major historical importance are
more fully documented than less significant ones. Ordinarily, I have not
listed which specific Matisse works were shown in the exhibitions, so
this list of exhibitions will not be useful for those seeking the
exhibition-history of individual works.
In the section on Individual Works by Matisse, I have listed
only those artworks to which I have found articles wholly or
substantially devoted. The titles of Matisse's works have been given in
English in the section devoted to them but are cross-listed by their
French titles in the index of titles. No attempt has been made to give a
complete bibliography on the work and its reproduction history. The
reader must consult the scholarly catalogues of the museums or
collections that house specific works, where commentaries and essential
documentation can be found.
Since there are two excellent collections of Matisse's own
words and writings, Dominique Fourcade's Henri Matisse, Ecrits et
propos sur l'art (Paris, 1972) and Jack D. Flam's Matisse on Art
(New York, 1973; rev. ed., Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1995), I have
not separately listed all items that appear in them. Flam's latest edition
of Matisse on Art contains the most complete "Bibliography of
Writings, Statements, and Interviews with Matisse" in print. My
section on Matisse's writings and interviews is selective and confines
FOREWORD Xl

itself to substantial published collections of correspondence,

anthologies of writings by Matisse, and a few "free-standing" texts by
Matisse of special interest that might otherwise be overlooked. I have
Iisted articles that include statements by Matisse recorded in interviews
under the interviewers' names--under Articles, if general, or under the
appropriate heading, if devoted exclusively to one work or medium. If a
critical essay has been excerpted in Jack Flam's Henri Matisse, a
Retrospective (New York, 1988), an extremely useful anthology of
Matisse criticism in translation, I indicate that when summarizing the
article.
For a bibliography on Films and Audiovisual Materials, the
reader should consult Russell T. Clement's recent book, Henri Matisse,
a Bio-Bibliography (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993),
pp. 213-15. Clement' s bibliography is not a critical one, however; its
occasional and irregular annotations duplicate those that are al ready
available for more recent works in sources such as the International
Repertory of the Literature of Art (RILA) and ARTbibliographies
MODERN. As is often the case when a bibliography depends on a
broad sweep of data bases and not on the intimacy with the material
provided by a scholar who has worked for many years in the field,
Clement's bio-bibliography is indiscriminate, at the mercy of the errors
of those who originally entered the data, and organized in ways not
necessarily useful to the actual researcher. My bibliography is
selective, critically annotated, and organized for ease of use; the two
works do not finally duplicate one another.
A work of this nature is indebted to the staffs of many
institutions and to many individuals. Among the former I wish to
thank my colleagues Jack P. Brown, director of the Ryerson and
Burnham Libraries of the Art Institute of Chicago, and Roland Hansen,
Director of Reader Services of the John M. Flaxman Library of the
School of the Art Institute of Chicago; Judith Cousins, Research
Curator, and Rona Roob, Director of Archives, of the Museum of
Modern Art, New York; Mme Dragomir of the Archives du Louvre,
Denise Gazier of the Bibliotheque d'art et d'archeologie (Fondation
Jacques Doucet), Franr;ois Chapon of the Bibliotheque Litteraire Jacques
Doucet, Franr;oise Woimant of the Departement de I'Estampe Moderne,
Bibliotheque Nationale, and Marcel Billot of the Archives Couturier,
Menil Fondation, Paris. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the
library staffs of Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, The
BaItimore Museum of Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The
Frick Collection Library, The Library of Congress and The National
Gallery of Art, Washington, D. c., the British Museum Library,
London, and the Bibliotheque Forney, Paris. For the encouragement
xii FOREWORD

and assistance of individuals, thanks are also due to Isabelle Monod-

Fontaine, curator of the Musee nationale d'art moderne, Paris, and
Dominique Szymusiak, director of the Musee Matisse, Le Cateau-
Cambresis; also to Jack Flam, John Elderfield, Pierre Schneider,
Dominique Fourcade, and Yve-Alain Bois. For aid at various times and
in various ways, I am grateful to Hanne Finsen, Naomi Sawelson-
Gorse, Margot Fassler, John Klein, John O'Brian, Roger Benjamin,
Milton Ehre, Thomas Sloan, Frances Bock, Florence B. Ryan, Junko
Brink, Laurent Giovannoni, Alexei Pe troff, Marc Krisco, and Edith
Saint-Germain. For their patience anä expertise in finally bringing the
document into publishable form, I warmly thank Lisa Lekberg,
Departmental Coordinator of the Department of Art History, Theory,
and Criticism of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, and Julia
Allen of the Publications Department of the Schoo\.
I am grateful to Wolfgang M. Freitag, general editor of the
series Artist Resource Manuals, for his wise combination of patience
and prodding during the long preparation of this Guide; also to Phyllis
Korper, senior editor of Garland Publishing, Inc., for her expert editorial
advice.
Support for travel to the necessary research libraries has been
provided by a Travel To CoIlections Grant from the National
Endowment for the Humanities in the summer of 1992, and by two
Faculty Research Grants from my horne institution, The School of the
Art Institute of Chicago. To both granting institutions, I express my
deep appreciation.
Lastly, on a personal note, I want to thank my friend and
colleague, Thomas Sloan, chairman of the Department of Art History,
Theory and Criticism at SAIC, whose saving sense of humor helped to
banish the melancholy sometimes attendant upon a seemingly
interminable project. And to my husband. Raymond L. Weiss, a
loving thank you for his unflagging enthusiasm for the project, his
patient reading of many drafts of the introduction, and his keen editorial
suggestions that have enormously benefited the manuscript.
 Introduction:
Henri Matisse: Critical Responses and
Contemporary Reassessments

The literature on the French artist, Henri Matisse, now spans a

full century. (His first exhibition review appeared in 1896.) Although
this period coincides with the rise and development of modern art, the
discourse on Matisse is largely self-contained, remote from some of the
most vital issues of modern culture. The Matisse literature sheds little
light, for example, on the relation of "advanced" art to forms of anti-art,
popular culture or the mass media or the role of art in achanging,
increasingly technologized, society. Until very recently, few writers on
Matisse were concerned with his relation to the political and cultural
questions that have been central to histories of twentieth-century art.
The literature on Matisse has been primarily concerned with
the artist's development, his procedures, his shifts in style, his
approach to materials, and his artistic profile in a relatively autonomous
narrative. A number of circumstances account for this. First, after the
first decade and a half of the century, Matisse was no longer perceived as
a major innovator nor did he produce a school (although his former
students did disseminate throughout Europe a coloristically heightened
Post-Impressionism, which became identified in the interwar years as
School of Paris modernism). But because of the quality of Matisse's
work which was kept before the public eye, he continued to be written
about. Lacking requisite context, the discussion of Matisse's oeuvre
tended to collapse back upon itself and, having little relevance for the
continuing appearance of new avant-gardes and developments in
technology, acted to reinforce persistent romantic concepts about art and
artists that are deeply rooted in nineteenth-century art discourse. It also
acted to preserve a certain view of French culture as cIassical, that is, as

xiii
xiv INIRODUcnON

sustaining tradition. Second, and more important, Matisse exercised

considerable control over his public image and its reception. skillfully
directing the terms in wh ich his work was discussed, namely, those of
the century's first two decades. After his death in 1954, the Matisse
heirs continued to influence the major writings on hirn by restricting
access to personal papers and biographical information and by
perpetuating the public profile and artistic discourse that the artist
hirnself had established. The monograph by Alfred H. Barr, Jr.,
moreover, written with the collaboration of Matisse and his family and
published just three years be fore the artist' s death in 1951, cast a long
"authorized" shadow over the next twenty years. 1
In 1970, the centennial of the artist' s birth, a major
retrospective in Paris was organized by Pierre Schneider, long-time
friend of the Matisse heirs. The catalogue disclosed a great many new
facts and proposed a strong unifying thesis on Matisse' s oeuvre, one
that was substantially compatible with the image of Matisse and his
career established by Barr. 2 Those paintings and sculptures long
considered the artist' s finest by American, Russian, and British
scholars--that is, the early "fauve" and "cubist" works (1905-1917) and
the later paintings and cut-paper work (l933-1954)--were strongly
represented in Schneider's exhibition. They dazzled French audiences,
which had been more familiar with Matisse's near-impressionist
odalisques and interiors of the 1920s. The catalogue essay elaborated
the view first set forth by Matisse's son-in-law, Georges Duthuit, that
the artist's work breathed a spiritua1ity akin to that of Eastern cu1tures
(the Byzantine, Islamic axes) and that, by surrounding viewers with a
kind of radiant environment, it effected in them a renewal of life force, a
psychic healing.
Finally, the last years--1970 to the present--have been
dominated by the collected texts of Matisse' s spoken and written words.
published in French in 1972 and in English in 1973. 3 Through these

I A1fred H. Barr, Jr., Matisse, His Art and His Public (New York:
Museum of Modern Art, 1951).
2 Pierre Schneider, Henri Matisse: Exposition du centenaire (Paris:
Reunion des Musees Nationaux, 1970).
3 Dominique Fourcade, Henri Matisse, Ecrits et propos sur ['art
(Paris: Hermann, 1972), hereafter EPA; and Jack D. Flam, Matisse on
Art (London, New York: Phaidon, 1973 1978; rev. ed., Berkeley and
INIRODUCI10N xv

newly available anthologies of writings, Matisse's own views of his

work and achievement--from the grave, as it were--have partially
controlled the discourse about hirn. These texts, as much as the artist' s
actual works, have been given pride of place in the last decades
dominated by linguistic, psychoanalytic, and textual studies. The
intelligence and lack of dogmatism in Matisse's occasional writings
have delighted their cryptographers, for the astute subtleties,
inconsistencies, and false leads of Matisse's statements provide, in their
totality, an exceedingly open text. Even the artist "from the grave,"
however, has not been able to forestall textual studies that exercise free
interpretive play on the "texts" that are Matisse's paintings, drawings,
and decorations. The post-structuralist work on Matisse's oeuvre has
begun. No matter; Matisse predicted this state of affairs: "A painter
doesn't see everything he has put in his painting. It is other people
who find these treasures in it, one by one, and the richer a painting is in
surprises of this sort, in treasures, the greater its author.',4
Beyond a more complete view of the artist and his creative
process, then, the value of the literature on Matisse does not lie directly
in a sharpened understanding of vanguard art. It lies, rather, in its
portrait of the "normal" modern (that is, romantic with a residue of
academically classical) esthetics of the century, an esthetics that
revolutionary art had attempted, without notable success, to eradicate.
When a tradition is challenged, its value is crystallized. With a new
clarity, supporters of traditional esthetic norms reformulate their
premises in order to demonstrate their continuing relevance. Over time,
however, tradition, which is porous and enormously absorptive,
expands to incorporate aspects of the vanguard in a new synthesis.
Although this process is accelerated in the twentieth century, in contrast
to the glacial pace of change in other eras, the reconciliation of
dialectical positions occurs more slowly, yet more inevitably, than
some histories of modern art would have us believe.
Cultural institutions change slowly, but change is a necessary
condition of their survival. The most recent historical studies on
Matisse have been concerned with the mechanisms by which cultural

Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995), hereafter MOA,

with page number references to the 1995 edition.
4 Matisse, cited in Pierre Courthion, "Recontre avec Matisse," Les
Nouvelles litteraires (June 27,1931): 1; Flam, MOA, 105.
XVI lNI'RODUCIlON

institutions maintain their power and persuasive force; also, with how
market forces affect the dealer-artist-public relationship. The rise of
modernism and of the reputations of artists as modern or as radically
avant-garde has been shaped by particular institutions both in the Uni ted
States and abroad. In Europe, state patronage and the partisanship of
the literary/intellectual community had more relevance to the situation
of the visual arts during Matisse's Iifetime; in the United States, on the
other hand, museums and dealers aggressively used public relations and
advertising techniques to promote a particular view of modernism. 5
Paradoxically, the history of the "forward retention of
custom,,6 can function as a critique of the parallel narrative of the avant-
garde, now in considerable disarray. Like their more conservative
counterparts, socially liberal or radical thinkers are also passionately
partisan; they espouse, however, the idea of a progressive or
revolutionary avant-garde in the arts that can actively and effectively
intervene in political change. This idea of a coherent avant-garde is also
a socio-historical construct whose maintenance is vital to an empowered
ideology and its advocates. The literature on Matisse is in part a
polemical terrain on which is played out this tug-of-war between
politicized views of culture.
The writing on Matisse has been primarily French and
American, with Britain seconding these with a small but important
body of writing. The overwhelming majority of the French writing is a
national, often nationalistic, literature that enlists Matisse in a
discourse about the French national character and the nature of its
intellectual and cultural genius. The French literature's seemingly
ahistorical concern with esthetic values and distinctions barely masks
France's ongoing crisis of identity and prestige in the face of the

5 For studies of the American situation, see Serge Guilbaut, ed., How
New York Stole the Idea of Modern Art: Abstract Expressionism.
Freedom. and the Cold War (Chicago and London: University of
Chicago Press, 1983) and lohn O'Brian, "MoMA's Public Relations,
Alfred Barr's Public, and Matisse's American Canonization," RACAR.
Revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review 18, 1-2 (1991; but
published 1994): 18-29. For a discussion of the impact of French
nationalism and imperialism on aspects of Fauvism, see lames D.
Herbert, Fauve Painting, the Making of Cultural Politics (New Haven
and London: Yale University Press, 1992).
6 Francis Bacon, "OfInnovations." Essays (London, 1625).
INIRODuenON xvii

twentieth century's geo-political and economic dislocations and

competitions. Matisse's work never seriously questioned the deeply
entrenched national self-image and bourgeois values upon which his
culture's modern esthetic is based; indeed, Matisse reassuringly
exemplifies them.
The English-language literature on Matisse's work, in apparent
contrast, celebrates its revolutionary character and emphasizes its
historical innovations. Products of more underdeveloped or
conservative visual cultures, American and British writers had nothing
to lose in constructing an international genealogy of avant-garde artists,
with Matisse honored as Cezanne's eider, non-prodigal son and
Matisse's Fauve color-explosions viewed as a primary eruption of
European modernisffi. This construction is based on an evolutionary
model of style that exempts itself from too great attention to subject
matter or iconographic themes; or, rather, sees changes in style and
artistic processes as content. Concerned with a progressive, linear
history of stylistic innovations, the Matisse English-Ianguage criticism
(from Fry to Barr to Greenberg) nevertheless barely conceals its concern
with essential characteristics (of the medium, processes. form, structure,
signs) and its desire to fix the "modem" in the framework of abstraction
and autonomy. This view turns out to be, paradoxically, as
conservative in its own way as that of the French.
Neither French nor Anglo-American discourses relinquish the
idea of the artist as originator, as authentic source and ultimate warrant
of his or her work's meaning. Nor do they abandon the eighteenth
century doxa that art's function is to delight, move, and instruct its
immediate audience and to edify society. Since the 1970s these
certitudes have been challenged, but Matisse is as yet only marginal to
the new social histories, the new deconstructive criticism, the new
gender and post-colonial discourses, as we shaIl see.
The writing on Matisse is inextricably bound up with the
exhibition history of his work: what is seen generates what is written.
And, conversely, what is written then generates what is seen. After
Matisse' s appearance as a controversial artist at the Salon d' Automne in
1905, the literature on hirn revolves around the poles of attack and
defense. Even in less controversial periods of the artist's life, when the
writing seems to comprise celebratory appreciations of the artist's
achievement, its combative subtext always presupposes an opposing
position against which the artic1e or book argues. This is true down to
xviii INTRODuenON

the extended catalogue essays--by John Elderfield and Yve-Alain Bois--

found in the most recent major Matisse exhibitions of 1992 and
1993. 7
I will develop these general observations through a closer look
at the Matisse scholarship, divided into periods of roughly fifteen to
twenty years, each of these marked off by major personal or
professional events in Matisse's life (or afterlife). The first three
sections, which deal with the writings on the artist during his lifetime,
are more concerned with the esthetic assumptions that underlie these
critical texts; the last two sections are concerned with how the artist's
oeuvre has been written into the historical accounts of modernism.

I. Period of Innovation, 1905-1918:

From first public notoriety of the Salon d' Automne to the move from
Paris to Nice.

11. Early Nice Period, 1919-1933:

From move to Nice to the international retrospectives (1930-31), his
first book design (1932), and completion of the Barnes Foundation
Mural in Merion, Pennsylvania (1933).

III. Mature and Final Years, 1934-1954:

From resumption of a flat, decorative painting style (culminating in
cut-paper works and the chapei at Vence) to Matisse's death.

IV. The Formalist Reputation, 1955-1969:

From the artist's death to the Centenary Exhibition.

V. Reassessments, 1970-1993:
From the Centenary Exhibition to the Museum of Modern Art
Retrospecti ve.

7 John Elderfield, Matisse. A Retrospective (New York: Museum of

Modern Art, 1992) and Yve-Alain Bois, Henri Matisse. 1904-1917
(Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993). The essays from the Matisse
Retrospective (Brisbane, 1995; edited by Carol Turner and Roger
Benjamin) were published too late for me to discuss here; the catalogue
is included nevertheless under Exhibition Catalogues, and its individual
essays are listed by author under their appropriate individual content-
headings.
INlRODUCIlON XIX

1
Period ofInnovation, 1905-1918:
From first public notoriety of the Salon d' Automne
to the move from Paris to Nice.

Although Matisse's work changes substantively over the first

two decades of his career, the literature that seeks to understand and
appraise these transformations remains fixed in the terms and valuations
of late nineteenth-century artistic discourse. The literature is
surprisingly repetitious, almost homogeneous, circling back on a small
number of interrelated esthetic values grounded in the earlier romantic
ideals of the century. Matisse himself is heir to these ideas and ideals.
His own major statement of the period, "Notes of a Painter (1908)," as
well as his declarations recorded in interviews of the period, maintain
and develop these values. Since Matisse's early evolution occurs in a
period of intense artistic and political ferment and rapid social change,
we might have expected otherwise.
The criteria of evaluation and tropes of merit that are
established at the outset are those by which both friendly and hostile
critics continue to judge the worth of the artist' s production until 1918.
These normative concepts include: "individuality" and "temperament" in
play with the "Iaws" of painting; being true both to "nature" and to
"self'; the distinction between "impression" and "expression"; the
respective roles of "sensation" and "imagination"; the "mastery" of
technical means and the "discovery" of personal technique; the relation
of the "classical" to the "primitive" or naIve, and of the functions of the
decorati ve and the abstract. The concepts are fundamental both to
French academic theory and practice and to the more advanced criticism
by which Realism, Impressionism, and Symbolism were assessed. By
the time Matisse received his first review (1896) these traditions, the
modern as weil as the academic, were fully developed. 8

8 See Richard Shiff, Cezanne and the End of lmpressionism

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), for a subtle and
penetrating discussion of the criticism of Cezanne and its esthetic basis.
My own discussion is greatly indebted to his analysis of this critical
discourse.
xx INrRODUCI10N

The artist who provided a catalyst for these tenns during this
period was Paul Cezanne, whose death in 1906 falls roughly at its mid-
point. In the decade previous to his death, the suddenly influential
painter crystallized in his person, in his artistic process, and in his
paintings, a synthesis of impressionist-symbolist aesthetic theory and
generated the discourse that cIarified this consolidation. After his death,
that discourse was the basis for understanding the practice and rationale
for the newest avant-garde development, Cubism. Cezanne was seen as
both the culmination of late-nineteenth century practice and the
"primitive of [his] own way," still to be discovered. 9 The writing on
Matisse is situated wholly within this Cezannean discourse --both that
on Matisse's early years of color exploration, which was labeled
Fauvism (1899-1907), and on his later years of experiment with new
methods of spatial construction, both decorati ve and planar (1908-
1918). In a circular logic, Matisse could in fact encourage himself in
these early years by saying: "If Cezanne is right. I am right; and I knew
that Cezanne was not mistaken."lO
In spite of Matisse's international reputation in those years,
the first monograph on Matisse was not published until Marcel
Sembat's small study of 1920 in the Nouvelle Revue Fran~aise
Modern Artists series. ll All the writings on the first stage of
Matisse's career are shorter pieces: exhibition reviews, interview essays,
and a handful of substantive essays appearing in either journals or
longer studies of modern art. The quality of these reviews and articles is
unusually high, the product of their authors' considerable education in
the fine arts as weIl as the sophisticated level of public cultural
exchange in Paris. The first eight years of Matisse criticism are
dominated by Roger Marx (1859-1913), whose introduction to
Matisse' s first one-person show at Vollard' s Gallery in 1904 was the
longest published piece on Matisse until that time. 12 Marx' s catalogue
essay sums up and elaborates the basic points that he had been making

9 Cezanne, cited by Joachim Gasquet, Cezanne (Paris. 1921), 84,

81.
10 Matisse, "Entretien avec Jacques Guenne," L'Art vivant 18
(September 15, 1925): 4.
11 Marcel Sembat, Matisse et son oeuvre (Paris: Nouvelle Revue
Fran~aise, 1920).
12 Roger Marx, Henri Matisse (Paris. 1904); exhibition catalogue.
INIRODUenON XXI

since his first mention of Matisse in a review of 1896. 13 It provides

the base, as weil, for the subsequent journalistic reviews by others,
including the important critic Louis Vauxcelles, who had begun writing
for the liberal daily, Gil Blas, in 1904.
Marx defends Matisse' s work first of all on an ad hominem
basis, namely, that the artist is hard-working, assiduously learning his
metier, and that he is sincere, true to his own temperament, intent on
exploring his own individuality. Secondly, his work shows technical
skill in its solid composition and sure surface handling, the result of his
academic study of the Masters in the Louvre. As Matisse begins to
investigate color around 1897 and his tonal subtleties give way to "rich
glowing tones laid onto the canvas in broad flat strokes," Marx praises
Matisse's "profound and lucid sight" ( his "eye," an impressionist
criterion) and recognizes the influence of Cezanne which, by 1904, was
everywhere evident in the advanced Salons.
This criticism betrays the persistence of romantic standards
through the post-impressionist period (sincerity, passionate pursuit of
excellence, individuality) as weil as the high value placed on an almost
artisanal mastery of traditional painting techniques. The study of
masters from all earlier periods and schools ins ures that young painters
will not be slaves of their own era or of immediate predecessors, and
will draw "universallaws" from great works of the past.
Marx spoke from inside the art establishment, having the
power to encourage state purehases of copies and originals from his
favored young artists, but also as one who by 1904 welcomed "militant
originality" by rebels against "routine practice." In 1896 he had
referred, ironically, to a '''hotbed of revolutionaries'" nurtured in the
studio of Gustave Moreau. Although at that earlier date he noted the
alarm of the academicians with skepticism, in 1904 he acknowledges a
certain degree of its truth. 14

13 Roger Marx, "Le Salon du Champs-de-Mars," Revue

encyclopedique 6 (April 25, 1896): 279-86.
14 Marx was weil placed in the French fine arts establishment as
Inspecteur Principal des Musees Departementaux, editor-in-chief of the
Gazette des beaux-arts, and major critic for its supplement, Chronique
des arts et de La curiosite, and for the Revue encyclopedique (after 1900
called Revue universelle).
XXII INIRODUCfION

Until 1904, Matisse was identified as a pupil of Moreau and,

increasingly, as he explored impressionism and Cezanne's technique, as
a member of the "modernist side" of Moreau's studio. Marx's faith in
Matisse was based in great part on standards the critic held in common
with two of Matisse' s teachers, Moreau and Eugene Carriere. Both
artists, while upholding the necessity of learning from tradition and the
masters of the past, had arrived, through the force of their
temperaments, at an original style. Originality, whose function was to
renewand extend traditional esthetic norms of artmaking (always in
danger of atrophy), was the prerogative of strong, willful personalities
whose explorations of the self and of nature resulted in formal or
technical innovation. Marx could acknowledge this originality in artists
like Moreau, Carriere and Puvis de Chavannes, an firmly grounded in
academic skins; he came also to accept Cezanne as a "c\assical"
original, one who upheld "the art of the museums" while integrating
the best aspects of impressionist innovation.
Marx's appreciation of Matisse as an heir of this tradition-
renewing innovation undergirded the 1896-1904 criticism of Matisse.
Louis Vauxcelles, the critic who was to replace Marx over the next
decade in promoting the artist's reputation, had essentially the same
point of view. Vauxcelles (the pseudonym of Louis Mayer [1870-
1943]), was a protege of the symbolist poetlcritic Gustave Kahn, and an
admirer of Roger Marx and Gustave Geffroy, the friend and defender of
Cezanne.1 5 Vauxcelles' critical position, that of his turn-of-the-
century mentors, remained constant throughout his career. Since his
eye was less certain than his convictions, however, he often modified or
reversed his views about individual artists and emerging styles in his
rapid newspaper reviews. Essentially derivative in his esthetic
judgments, he ultimately persuaded hirnself of the majority opinion
about particular artists. His voice is an important one, however, in the
reviews of Matisse from 1905-1915.

15 Exact1y Matisse's age, Vauxcelles was a vigorous champion of

liberal causes, inc\uding advanced art, and of the work of his generation.
Present at the birth of both "Fauvism" and "Cubisrn," he is credited
with naming them. Like Marx, Vauxcelles believed in Matisse as a
serious and gifted artist and, in principle, wanted to support innovation
when it appeared.
INIRODUCIlON xxiii

An expanded critical dialogue developed when Matisse

underwent a briefbut significant conversion to Neo-Impressionism (his
pointillist Luxe, Calme et Volupte created a sensation at the Salon des
Independants in 1905), followed by his radically different Salon
d'Automne works of 1905 (Woman with a Hat and Window at
Collioure) that earned hirn the epithet Fauve. The terms of this
dialogue were drawn from neo-symbolist modernism, addressing issues
of decoration, theory, and style in relation to nature and tradition.
The charge that Matisse was too theoretical, that he aimed at
pure painting, was brought by Maurice Denis in 1905 and was to
persist until about 1910, when Cubism swept the theoretical field) 6
Denis (1870-1943) was a painter-designer and the precocious theorist for
the 1890 generation of Symbolists known as the Nabis. When he
turned his attention to Matisse in 1905, he had already begun to
articulate a current of conservative modernism that had been present in
French letters from before 1890. Still a fervent supporter of Gauguin
and more recently of Cezanne, Denis was attempting at this time,
nevertheless, to integrate his still-evolving position on modern neo-
symbolist esthetics with a newly-rationalized defense of nationalist,
Catholic-revival neo-classicism.
AIthough Matisse had been approvingly described from the
beginning as a "searcher." systematically exploring the terms of his
metier, it was not until he allied hirnself with the Neo-Impressionists
that he was associated negatively with "theorists" and "abstractionists."
In his 1905 review of Matisse's Salon d'Automne exhibition entries,
Denis claimed that 1) Matisse. whose work was "the most vital, the
ne west and most discussed" of the younger painters, only spoiled his
fundamentally instinctual gifts by his adherence to "pseudo-scientific
theories" like that of Neo-Impressionism; and 2) Matisse erred in
attempting to produce "painting that is outside every contingency,
painting in itself, the pure act of painting.,,17 Denis acknowledged that
his own 1890 symbolist generation had been largely responsible for
stressing the plastic constituents of painting as automonous elements,

16 Maurice Denis. "La Peinture. le Salon d'Automne de 1905,"

L'Ermitage (November 15, 1905). Eng. trans. in lack Flam, Henri
Matisse, a Retrospective (New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Assoc.,
1988),47-50; hereafter, Flarn, 1988.
17 Denis, ibid.; Flarn, 1988, 48.
xxiv lNTRODucnON

able to signify both individual emotion and universal laws of

expression. They themselves had generated the belief in painting as a
pure, autonomous acL
Since Denis had begun to reinstate classical and religious
themes in his work and to acknowledge a "Latin" historical heritage, he
recoiled from the extremes to which Matisse pursued his plastic
distortions. In a 1908 artic1e on the dangers of liberty-become-anarchy,
Denis faults Matisse and his followers for wanting "to ignore material
practice entirely and, expect[ing] everything to come from reasoning and
from theory, [they] believe that inspiration or sensibility will make up
for every blunder of the hand." 18 Paradoxically, Denis here posits two
"origins" for Matisse's work, namely, theory and personal sensibility,
and reproaches hirn for a concomitant lack of interest in traditional
technical means. Reading Matisse's "Notes of a Painter" in late
1908,19 however, convinced Denis that Matisse's generation is
evidently "Iess theoretically minded [than Denis's] and believe[s] more
in the power of instinct."20 Matisse's statement, with its essentially
self-contained and conservative esthetic views, effectively removed hirn
from the possibility of being drawn into a political polemic on Denis's
terms.
Denis's earlier charge of "blunders of the hand," however, was
sometimes described in terms of awkwardness, naivete, or primitive
sincerity and, when applied to Cezanne, was seen as a virtue, a
guarantor of the artist's sincerity. Marx, for example, defended
Moreau's students as having a "virile frankness" of technique, and as
fearing neither "excess (outrance) nor laborious struggle (e!fort), " thus
coupling the questionable quality of excess with the unquestionable

18 Maurice Denis, "Liberte epuisante et sterile,".La Grande revue

52, 7 (April 10, 1908).
19 Henri Matisse, "Notes d'un peintre," La Grande revue 52, 24
(December 25, 1908): 733-45. I am indebted to the pioneer study of
Roger Benjamin, Matisse's "Notes 0/ a Painter." Criticism. Theory,
and Context. 1891-1908 (Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press,
1987) for my discussion of Matisse criticism be fore 1909.
20 Maurice Denis, "De Gauguin et de Van Gogh au c1assicisme,"
L'Occident (May 1909).
INlRODUcnON xxv

virtue of hard work. 21 Raymond Bouyer, an early critic who spoke of

Cezanne "brutalizing the palette and brush" by his forceful, blunt
technique, nevertheless defended it as the vigor necessary to rejuvenate
painting, a heaIthy excess permitted to youth. 22 But other early
reviewers-- Gustave Coquiot as early as 1901 and Charles Morice in
1903--accuse Matisse respectively of eccentric deformations and of
"useless, inexpressive, and ugly distortions betraying the deniaL of
sincere effort" (emphasis added).23 The lauer reversal (since distortions
were viewed as tokens of sincere indviduality and effort in the Cezanne
criticism) is unusual, but Morice calls Matisse's deli berate awkwardness
"feigned," not arising directly from the need for expression. Matisse is
faulted, in other words, not for cIumsiness but for "faking" his
c1umsiness.
Later critics were to provide other motivations for Matisse's
penchant for "ugliness," from the perverse desire to shock to the
mercenary desire to increase patronage from a public thirsting for
novelty. Since many critics found some of Matisse's works beautiful
(that is, having refined color, sensuous surfaces, solidity of
composition), they had to suppose that his ugly, awkward, excessive
work arose not from temperament, but from the "spirit of systems"
(Denis), that is, from excessive intellectual curiosity and the love of
analysis and experimentation. Thus the charge of ugliness meets that
oftheory.
Beside "Notes of a Painter," through which his ideas and
practices were widely disseminated throughout Europe, Matisse had
another means at his disposal to c1arify his intentions. This was the
interview article, which he was able to use with great effectiveness
throughout his life. The interview results in a respectful essay by
someone who, having talked to Matisse at length, defers to the artist's
own view of his endeavor by mostly repeating or paraphrasing
Matisse's remarks. Studio interviews of this early period include those

21 Roger Marx , "Petites expositions," Chronique des arts et de La

curiosite (May 4, 1901): 138.
22 Raymond Bouyer, "Un Salonnier aux Salons de 1899," L'Artiste 3
(1899): 163.
23 Gustave Coquiot, "Le Salon des Independants," Gil Blas (April
20, 1901), and CharIes Morice, "Le XIX Salon des Independants,"
Mercure de France 46 (June 1903): 389-405.
xxvi INfRODUenON

by: Apollinaire (1907); Gellett Burgess (1908, published 1910); Caffin

and Estienne (1909); MacChesney and Goldschmidt (1912, both
published in 1913); and Robert Rey (1914).24 The interviews are
notable for the sharpened distinction they reinforce between the
normalcy of Matisse's life as a man--reasonable, measured, candid--and
the putative outrageousness of his art and the resulting accusation of
charlatanism. Matisse controlled these interviews by his lucid
discussion of his aims and procedures, shading his emphasis to
counteract current exaggerated or false impressions in the popular mind.
The avant-garde poet Guillaume Apollinaire, paradoxically
enough, is the first writer to stress what would later become a major
claim about Matisse' s work by nationalist, often politically
conservative, critics; namely, its Frenchness. The poet, noting that
Matisse has enriched hirnself in the study of all "plastic writing"--that
of the Egyptians, ancient Greeks, Cambodians, Peruvians, African
negroes-- emphasizes, nevertheless, that Matisse's achievement is best
gauged by his broad assimilation of European culture and art.
Apollinaire's remarks stress the rationality of Matisse's art, its French
simplicity and c1arity, the tact and taste that guide the instinctive side of
Matisse's search for plastic expression. But Matisse, eager to
counteract the lingering accusations of his being too theoretical, in the
remarks quoted by Apollinaire, stresses almost exclusively his search
for his own personality, his reliance on intuition, his sincerity.
The Caffin interview, published in Camera Work in January
1909, rehearses Matisse' s reputation in the Paris art world: a small
circle of admirers, surrounded by those who think of hirn as a fraud or
victim of self-deception. Caffin finds the painter lucid and plausible,
attempting to "organize" his sensations and "simplify" forms, learning
from African and Oriental art how to "secure a unity of expression in

24 Guillaurne Apollinaire, "Henri Matisse," La Phalange 2

(December 15-18, 1907): 481-85; Gellett Burgess, "The Wild Men of
Paris," Architectural Record 27,5 (May 1910): 401-14; Charles
Caffin, "Henri Matisse," Camera Work (January 1909): 17-18;
Charles Estienne, "Des Tendances de la peinture moderne: Entretien
avec M. Henri-Matisse," Les Nouvelles (April 12, 1909); Clara T.
MacChesney, "A Talk with Matisse, Leader of Post-Impressionists,"
New York Times Magazine (March 9, 1913); Ernst Goldschmidt,
"Strejtog I Kunsten: Henri Matisse," Politiken (December 24, 1911);
and Robert Rey, "Henri Matisse," L'Opinion (January 10, 1914).
INIRODUCIlON xxvii

the interpretation of an abstract idea." The other two interviews by

Americans, MacChesney and Burgess, also stress, sometimes with
exaggerated naivete, the gulf between the citizen-artist--wholly palatable
in his respectibility, and his art--indigestible in its innovations. Both
writers, nevertheless, sympathetically record Matisse's own account of
hirnself through the screen of their own limited understanding of
esthetics (MacChesney) and of the French language (Burgess). The
Danish painter and art historian Ernst Goldschmidt uses the same
rhetorical device for his non-French audience: the contrast between
expectation and reality, between the innovation of the painting and the
conventionality of the painter. The French interviewers, CharIes
Estienne and Robert Rey, also conduct inquiries whose major aim is
reassurance. Estienne reassures his readers that this "leader of a school"
of modern art has a rationale, a method, an end in view that is neither
incomprehensible nor unworthy.
By 1907 it was clear that Matisse would not move toward the
Cezanne-inspired interest in volumetric structure and new spatial
construction that would occupy the young Cubists. After a trip to
Italy, Matisse's ideal seemed more and more to lie with the large
decorative panels that his new Russian patron, Sergei Shchukin, was
ready to commission or buy. A trip to Russia in 1911 confirmed his
interest in a more hieratic and iconic mode of non-imitative
representation, and Islamic miniatures showed hirn how to use pattern
and compressed plan ar divisions to suggest a purely plastic space. An
interview as late as 1914 (with Robert Rey) could still cast Matisse in
the familiar role of a possible savage, trickster, or enigma, that is, as a
figure of baffling innovation. Others within the avant-garde saw
Matisse as a has-been, utterly superceded by the more revolutionary
band of Picasso-ites. Andre Salmon's assessment of 1912 is the most
harsh. 25 Matisse's work, he gloats, has proved sterile and incoherent in
its development, and shows virtuosity devoid of method. (All these
points contrast, of course, with the Cubism of Salmon's friend
Picasso.) Worse, Matisse's taste is said to be that of a modiste, second-
rate and superficial, and his gifts are judged to be feminine: mere skilI,
adaptability, prompt assimilation, a precise but unimaginative
knowledge.

25 Andre Salmon, La Jeune peinture jranraise (Paris: Messein,

1912),9-40.
XXVIII INfRODUCflON

In the pre-World War I period, however, the less partisan

assessments acknowledge Matisse's real contribution to modern French
painting. Alexander Mercereau's article on Matisse, appearing in both
Russian and French in 1909 in Zolotoye Runo [Toison d'or], in the
most extended journal coverage given to Matisse until that time, traces
Matisse's development as a logical one, based on thi sensitivity to
sensation found in Impressionism. 26 Knowledge, not mere personal
taste, governs Matisse's decision to structure his canvases by
expressive line and simplified color; his conscious will leads hirn to
high goals for art. Matisse works for "c1arity and serenity of spirit in
the most beneficial and exalted atmosphere--an atmosphere of ideas,
conquered by the refinement of feelings."
Michel Puy's extended comments on Matisse, collected in Le
Dernier etat de peinture in 1911, built on his earlier review of the
Fauves in 1907, in which he noted that Matisse's turn to the decorative
utilizes to good advantage his exceptional technical skills and gifts as a
harmonist. 27 Privileged with an intimate knowledge of the artist's
temperament through his brother, the painter Jean Puy, Matisse's early
studio mate and personal friend, the critic perceptively notes in 1907
that the artist is driven by an "internal force he knows poorly," but
which drives hirn to desire "repose, peace, arelaxation almost purely
physiological, [but] which constitutes a profound human feeling in an
age when mankind, beset by professional cares, grows exhausted and
worn out." In"Puy's later article of 1909, a more considered evaluation
is given of Matisse's role in the artistic tendency to move from
observation of reality toward the abstract. Matisse represents the
tendency to "decorative speculation," while the Cubists favor "a purely
mathematical world." Stressing the evolutionary over the
revolutionary, Puy notes that, on the whole, young modern painters
have logically seized the methods offered by their era--the craft of
painting and general principles of art. Matisse is exceptional in
producing works of a stunning decorative sumptuosity, which yet stir a
profound emotional response in the vi ewer.

26 Alexander Mercereau, "Henri Matisse et la peinture

contemporaine," Zolotoye Runo [Toison d'or] 6 (1909), I-III.
27 Michel Puy, "Les Fauves," La Phalange (November 15, 1907):
450-59; idem, "Henri Matisse," Le Dernier etat de peinture (Paris: Le
Feu, 1911).
INIRODUenON xxix

In 1910 appeared the most nuanced and intelligent discussion

of Matisse's work since that of Maurice Denis in 1905, Jacques
Riviere's review in the Nouvelle revue franraise of Matisse's
Bernheim-Jeune retrospective. 28 Riviere notes, as a difficulty,
Matisse's faculty of hyper-conscious conception, his acute clairvoyance
about the work to be made. This faculty prevents Matisse's work from
unfolding spontaneously, from maturing in its making, from remaining
vitally connected to the "primitive sensation," the "inner necessity" that
inititated it. The intellectual work of analysis is too thorough,
according to the critic, resulting in an artificial and gratuitous
abstraction in Matisse's work. Riviere nevertheless admires the "clean
and violent richness" of Matisse's "weightless" color that "shines with
an intellectual splendor." Matisse's drawings are generated internally
"under the influence of the frame," while his painting "imitates itself by
proliferating [forms] from within"; their details, however, "still derive
from the initial schema and they retain its abstract character." Because
for Matisse art is primarily "plastic speculation," Riviere concludes
that he is driven to make his' work "as unique as possible, without
precedent or analogy." Matisse's work hastens to "conclusions" and
thereby loses the possibility of emerging with a deeper orginality from
a longer generative process.
Full of sophisticated insights based on a connoisseur' s close
attention to the work, Riviere's criticism nevertheless opposes the new
intellectualizing abstraction of the period. His critique is based on the
importance of the artist discovering, not forcing or "making," his
originality; the "inner necessity" of temperament must play the
paramount role. Generating "expressive" distortions by the dictates of
the framing edge or the inner rhythm of lines and forms is also perilous
for Matisse. The necessary groping of the artist in ignorance and
blindness (while he is evolving his work-in-process) is forced and
artificial in Matisse; for Riviere, Matisse's is a "voluntary blindness"
that apes the real thing but fails to produce a parallel compulsion and
spontaneity that can be sensed in the work. Lack of expressive power--
that is, formal perfection without emotional depth--was acharge often
made against Matisse in later years. Riviere attempts to analyze how
Matisse's method prevents this emotional content.

28 Jacques Riviere, "Une Exposition de Henri Matisse," Nouvelle

revuefranfaise 16 (April 1910): 531-34.
xxx INIRODUcrrON

Three years later, in the article that Matisse designated the best
that had been written on hirn until that time, Marcel Sem bat answered
Riviere's criticism by addressing head-on the question of originality.29
Citing the jibes and accusations of the scandalized public about
Matisse's person and work, Sem bat counters them by claiming with
confidence that no one questions either the talent of the artist or the
originality of his work. Sembat admits, however, that the sincerity and
profundity of Matisse's originality is questioned. Though Matisse's
paintings cannot be analyzed conceptually, their authority, mastery, and
harmonious clarity can be experienced when the viewer stands in front
of them. "Matisse is original without trying to be," claims Sem bat.
But Matisse's final originality lies in his ability to offer the viewer a
"harmony of feeling," a quality that was present instinctively from the
earliest works and which the artist hirnself, while searching for hirnself,
discovered in them.
According to Sem bat, the unity of feeling in Matisse's work
results from and is manifested in a style that is at once indivisible and
synthetic. The example given is Matisse's Seated Nude of 1909.
Matisse's Moorish Cafe of 1913, evolved from a more realistic,
anecdotal version, is also analyzed in detail. The aim of Matisse's
process of simplifying and abstracting is to arrive at what Matisse
terms "the way my feelings point, toward ecstasy," therein finding
"peace of mind." And Sembat, refuting Riviere's judgment, recounts
the story of Matisse's transposition of the color of the goldfish in
Moorish Cafe from vermillion to yellow, so that the hue of the adjacent
pink tlower, tenderly and possessively described by the painter, would
not be retinally altered to violet: "I want my tlower pink," Sem bat
quotes Matisse as saying. "Otherwise it's not my tlower any more."
For Sembat this demonstrates that Matisse's technical knowledge of
color is at the service of feeling, not the result of an intellectual or
formal necessity. Moreover, says Sembat, the transposition of colors
also preserves the real, "so as to express it in its essence."
Sem bat also distinguishes the role of feeling in the
conventions of the decorative. Matisse's panels are spatially tlat,
because decorative. "Let masters of intimate, agonizing art excavate
[the surface plane). Let Rembrandt excavate! Matisse keeps his sorrows

29 Marcel Sembat, "Henri Matisse," Les Cahiers d'aujourd'hui 4

(April 1913): 185-94.
INlRODUCI10N xxxi

to hirnself! He does not wish to broadcast them. He wants to offer

only peace of mind.,,30 As Matisse attained greater self-possession,
Sembat claims, he was able to wrest essential features from nature that
are abstract, that is, the "Emotional Abstract" (emphasis and
capitalization in the original). Matisse's work issues from effort, but
not from procedures that arise from a system. Matisse's art, Sembat
concludes, is the "product of an instinct that has finally raised itself to
self-consciousness, but whose drive remains instinctual, for conscious
analysis comes only later." Matisse has the last word in the article:
"You know, afterwards I explain why I do something, but at first,
when I do it, I feel the necessity as a whole!" (emphasis in the
original).
Equally perspicacious, if more malicious, is Gertrude Stein's
published "portrait" of Matisse, appearing in Camera Work in 1912,
but written in 1909. 31 In her dense prose in the "continuous present,"
with its repetitions and circlings-back, Stein presents a Matisse whose
greatness is unquestioned (or is it?), whose followers want to do what
he does (or do they?), who is telling "again and again" and "very often"
about his "being living" and his suffering, and of some who were
listening very often (or were they?) to one who is "greatly and clearly
expressing something being struggling" (or is he?). Stein's sly
portrait might be called "Matisse's Doubt" or "The Public's Doubt,"
but it is decidedly not Stein's doubt. She is quite certain that opinion
on Matisse is divided and that some who once listened to hirn and
followed hirn were no longer doing so. Though not mentioned by
name, Matisse's younger rival Picasso is everywhere present as the
absent Other in Stein's portrait of Matisse.
The last word on Matisse from this period will be from
Apollinaire, who had followed Matisse's career for a decade with
admiring, though sometimes critical, reviews. Almost alone in his
enthusiasm for the painter' s 1913 Portrait of Mme Matisse,
Apollinaire's favorable response to it and other critics' admiration for
the Moroccan paintings exhibited earlier in 1913 inaugurated Matisse's

30 Matisse was to emphasize the same point about his Barnes Mural
when writing to Alexander Romm in his letter of February 14, 1934;
Flam, MOA, 115-16.
31 Gertrude Stein, "Henri Matisse," Camera Work (August 1912):
23-25.
XXXII INrRODUcnON

reentry into active contact with the younger (mostly Cubist) Parisian
vanguard. From 1913 to 1918, Matisse produced work that rivaled
Picasso's in its austere and ambitious near-abstraction. There was little
regular criticism in the disrupted war years, but in 1918 Matisse and
Picasso exhibited together at the Paul Guillaume gallery. Apollinaire,
who would die of influenza in November of that year, wrote: "If one
were to compare Henri Matisse's work to something, it would have to
be an orange. Like the orange, Matisse's work is a fruit bursting with
light. "
The rest of the review, however elegantly stated, relies on the
most familiar justification of Matisse's work, namely, that it results
from the painter following his instinct, which chooses among his
emotions, judges and limits his fantasy, and "Iook(s) searchingly into
the depths of light, nothing but light." This probity was inspired by
Matisse' s "total good faith and by a genuine desire to know and to
realize himself."32 To these traditional tropes of sincerity, self-
discovery, instinct-guided emotion, Apollinaire adds the paradox that
Matisse's work becomes increasingly sumptuous as he strips it of the
non-essential in a radical process of simplification.
I have lingered in some detail on the criticism of the first
period of Matisse' s career because the basis of appreciation established
by the critics during the artist's most experimental years remains a
serviceable base for them to defend work of a far more accessible kind,
that of the next decade. The later periods, which I will treat in a more
general way, presume the reader's familiarity with the critical tropes of
the first fifteen years.

11
Early Nice Period, 1919-1933

If the period of 1890-1914 was generally one of artistic

innovation in Paris, the post-War period was one of cu1tural
consolidation, integration and, sometimes, reaction. The war had
profoundly altered the pre-war mood of national optimism, faith in
technology, and the uncritical embrace of the concept of progress.
While some political and cultural groups believed that the forward

32 Guillaume Apollinaire, "Matisse," Oeuvres de Matisse et de

Picasso. (Paris: Galerie Paul Guillaume, 1918); exhibition catalogue.
INIRODUenON XXX1ll

momentum of society and its institutions was possible through bold

new initiatives, revolutionary actions, and/or rational planning, more
voices spoke in favor of a braking process on the plunge toward an
unknown future. These voices--heard in the cultural as well as political
community--called for aperiod of sorting out and evaluating
innovations, of integrating them with the most authentie and cherished
values of the past. By the end of the decade, the advanced Paris art
community for the most part judged Dada, Constructivism, and
Surrealism to be radieal but transitional (and essentially non-French)
phenomena. A "classicized" version of Cubism, the call to ordered
rationalism known as Purism, and various appeals to consolidation on
the basis of French national traditions were the alternate possibilities
presented in the critical writing of the period. 33
At fifty, in the prime of his mature years, Matisse had
removed hirnself quite deliberately from active participation in the
Parisian art community by living primarily in Nice, absenting hirnself
from the rough-and-tumble of the ongoing art theorizing and art politics
of the capital. His style had altered to a seemingly realist-impressionist
mode. It seemed to some that this change was less a move of
exploration and a fresh search, as he hirnself claimed, than a temporary
renunciation of his more abstract work and a reconsideration (if not
recantation) of its premises.
Until the middle of the decade, writers struggled to interpret
these changes and to judge the quality and importance of the new work.
In 1925, at the age of fifty-five, Matisse received the highest number of
votes in a poll conducted by the magazine L 'Art vivant for the
contemporary artists most worthy to be represented in a proposed new
Museum of Modern Art. 34 This vote not only indieated Matisse's

33 For this period see: Christopher Green, Cubism and its Enemies
(London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987); Kenneth E.
Silver, Esprit de Corps: the Art 0/ the Parisian Avant-Garde and the
First World War, 1914-1925 (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1989); Le Retour a l'ordre dans les arts plastiques et l'architecture,
1919-1925 (Saint-Etienne: University de Saint-Etienne, C.I.E.R.E.C.:
1974); and Elizabeth Cowling and Jennifer Mundy, eds., On Classic
Ground, Picasso, Leger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930
(London: Tate Gallery, 1990); exhibition catalogue.
34 Georges Charensol, "Conclusion: Pour un musee fran~ais d'art
moderne," L'Art vivant (October 1, 1925): 37 ff.
XXXIV INTRODUCTION

secure place in the esteem of the art community, but also rendered hirn,
in a way, irrelevant to vanguard art. He had become the establishment
figure of independent art: acceptable, uncontroversial, bankable. In the
second half of the decade, however, which culminated in the series of
international Matisse retrospecti ves in 1930 and 1931, critical opinion
of Matisse's situation was less certain.
After 1925, Matisse began to produce sculptures and paintings
of greater formal inventiveness and to exhibit his more abstract pre-
1917 work. This coincided with the attempt of some critics to realign
the history of independent art (the prevailing term for art outside the
official Salon system) with the formal innovations of the first two
decades. In this c1imate, and following his return to monumental
decoration in the Barnes Foundation mural, Matisse was once more
reinserted into the discourse of advanced art. At age sixty, in 1930, he
was again an interesting figure. His much-publicized trip to Tahiti, his
several visits to the United States to garner prizes and commissions, his
new work in book illustration and design, the vigor and energy of his
physical and mental presence in international settings--all belied the
image of an aging, complacent artist from a bygone era.
Three important interviews with Matisse punctuate the "early
Nice period." They inaugurate the period in 1919, mark its center in
1925, and signal its end in 1929-30. The first is an interview with a
Danish critic Ragnar Hoppe, before whom Matisse defends his new
work in pre-war values and terms.3 5 Matisse claims to be sincere,
working from inner necessity and instinct, and he spurns the easier path
for the more difficult: "For the time being, 1 am working predominantly
in black and gray, with neutral, subdued tones, because 1 feit that this
was necessary for me right now. It was quite simply a question of
hygiene. If 1 had continued on the other road, which 1 knew so weil, 1
could have ended up as a mannerist. One must keep one's eye, one's
feeling, fresh: one must follow one's instincts." Second, Matisse
claims that he must move forward, try something new, make progress:
"When you have achieved what you want in a certain sphere, when you
have exploited the possibilities that lie in one direction, you must,
when the time comes, change course, seach for something new. . . 1

35 Ragner Hoppe, "Pa visit hos Matisse," reprinted in Städer och

Konstnärer, resebrev och essäer om Konst (Stockholm: Albert
Bonners, 1931).
INIRODuenON xxxv

am seeking a new synthesis .... I worked as an impressionist, directly

from nature; I later sought concentration and more intense expresssion
both in line and color, and then, of course, I had to sacrifice to a certain
degree other values, body and spatial depth, the richness of detail. Now
I want to combine it all." Third, Matisse claims that what he does is
the result of great effort, of lengthy and difficult labor, of ever
improving his technical skills: "You may think, like so many others,
that my paintings appear improvised, haphazardly and hurriedly
composed. If you don't mind, I'll show you some drawings and studies
so you may better understand how I work. [He shows some fifty
drawings preliminary to a single portrait] ... and of course I did a lot
of movement and composition studies [besides] . . . . One learns
something every day; how could it be otherwise?" When the
interviewer, remaining coolly skeptical, reproaches Matisse for making
only studies or outdoor sketches, not any "real compositions, larger
things," Matisse pleads circumstance: he can't do more in the space of
the small Paris and Nice studios, but invites his visitor out to his larger
studio at Issy where he "works on all [his] decorative projects."
Matisse had clearly retained his pre-war criteria. At the same
time, however, Matisse set hirnself apart from the classicism of the
"return to order" artists and critics, as weil as from the cubist
theoreticians who tended to stress authorial autonomy and will-to-form.
He also stands apart from those who sought the deeply rooted "origins"
of French art in apre-modern tradition going back to the French
"primitives." Matisse's course-correction appears instead under the aegis
of the early modernism of Courbet and Manet. The goal seems to be a
synthesis of Matisse's own origins in a realistelintimiste tradition with
his later work of "intensive expression in line and color." He remains
aloof from the effort to classify, rationalize, and prognosticate that
some--such as Lhote, Ozenfant, Kahnweiler, Leonce Rosenberg,
Raynal, and Reverdy--were making. Matisse avoids pronouncing
universal dicta; his new manner, he says, is "for the time being" and
useful only "for me right now." In the important Hoppe interview,
Matisse both attaches hirnself to naturalisml impressionism (direct
contact with nature) and detaches hirnself from it by referring to an
intervening mental memory-image (in the spirit of Baudelaire and
Proust).
Hoppe' s interview was printed in a Danish journal and, hence,
was not widely known at the time. Matisse's ideas are echoed,
xxxvi INfRODUCIlON

however, in the 1920 monograph by his elose friend and patron Marcel
Sem bat, the first on the artist to be published in a format that was to
dominate the literature for a long time: an album of reproductions
introduced by abrief biographical/ critical text on the artist. 36 Sem bat
uses two phrases that were to become like a mantra for these years:
Matisse is now "master of himself' and "master of his [technical]
means." This double mastery obviates the need to emphasize the artist's
moi, to flaunt the recklessness and intensity of his "search for himself'
as a sign of sincerity, and the need for further "experimentation" with
each separate plastic element. Sembat reviews Matisse's difficult
beginnings, his discovery of Impressionism through the lesson of
Cezanne, the scandals of the Fauve period, and he notes the importance
of the great decorative works gone to Russia. He affirms Matisse's
sympathetic interaction with Cubism. The brutal power and
individuality of the earlier works are still present in Matisse's CUTTent
production, Sembat insists, only disciplined, submitted to a
harmonious ensemble. "He reenters, it will be said, the tradition of the
great Masters! Actually, he has never left it," Sembat coneludes,
rhetorically feathering the sharp edge of distinction between Matisse's
present and his innovating past, as weIl as refuting any charge of a
reactionary "return" to tradition.
That the charm and seeming facility of the Nice works are but
the flowering of Matisse's gifts, the proof of their maturity, was a
common assertion in the literature that echoes Sembat's position. To
support this, a great deal was made of Matisse's preliminary sketches
and many drawings; Matisse himself published a book of his drawings
in 1920 and asked to be understood as a searcher, alearner, a servant of
his sensation in front of the model. Charles Vildrac, who wrote
introductions to two ofthese albums ofMatisse's post-war work (1920,
1922), says that Matisse is taking the human subject seriously again,
attending to the "moral" or human aspect of painting.3 7 Still, he
insists, the image is "Matisse's image" of a banal world into which the
artist has breathed a soul through his considered and arduous effort to
realize plastic, poetic equivalents.

36 Sembat, Matisse et son oeuvre (Paris, 1920).

37 Charles Vildrac, Cinquante dessins par Henri-Matisse (Paris:
Bernheim-Jeune, 1920); idem, Nice, 1921, Seize reproductions d'apres
les tableaux de Henri-Matisse (Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1922).
IN'IRODuenON XXXVll

Although certain publications--from mainstream (L'Art vivant

and L'Amour de I 'art ) to advanced (Cahiers d'art and, in the 1930s,
Minotaure and Verve )--supported Matisse unconditionally on the basis
of his French balance between intelligence and sensibilite, lucid
consciousness and unconscious urge, others disagreed. Gustave
Coquiot, updating his 1914 book on modern art, in 1923 bluntly
dec1ares of Matisse: "He is no longer himself.,,38 "What's going on?"
demands Jean Cocteau in 1920; "The sun-soaked fauve has become a
Bonnard kitten."39 Rene Schwob, in an extended artic1e in L'Amour de
l'art in 1920, spends many pages in praise of the artist' s pre-war
accomplishments and ends with the following wistful hope: "And, in
his future syntheses, perhaps after aperiod of excessive docility, he will
know anew how to impose onto the things of this world the lone
sovereignty which maUers: that of the mind."40 Andre Gide notes that
it' s all well and good to ask to be evaluated on the curve of the
development of one's work (Matisse's request), but that an artist is
finally judged on the merits of individual works and that it is rash for
Matisse to have stopped making "paintings.,,41
Andre Lhote, painter and art writer for the Nouvelle revue
franr;aise, perceptively notes in 1919 that Matisse, scorning the apriori,
always works through the painting process. 42 He works through
sensual data and his own sustained sensations, and only then toward the
more abstract form and general idea. This, according to Lhote, is in
contrast to the Cubists who work from an idea (of, say, a geometric
form) and then motivate the form by making it into an objecL Whereas
Cubists are sometimes too much driven by theory, according to Lhote,
Matisse's recent work shows too great a "nonchalance" that appeals too
easily to a lazy and thoughtless public. Indeed, the art market was able

38 Gustave Coquiot, "Matisse," Cubistes, futuristes, et passeistes

(Paris: Ollendorf, 1923),117.
39 Jean Cocteau, "Deformation professionelle," Le Rappel Cl l'ordre
(Paris: Librairie Stock, 1926); first published May 12, 1919.
40 Rene Schwob, "Henri Matisse," L'Amour de l'art 1,6(1920):
192-96.
41 Andre Gide, "Feuillets d' Automne," Nouvelle revue franr;aise
(1920).
42 Andre Lhote, "Exposition Matisse," Nouvelle revue franr;aise
(1919).
xxxviii INTRODUcnON

to absorb an infinite number of small-scale "School of Paris" easel

paintings--nudes, still lifes, landscapes--during the international boom
of the 1920s; only museums and adventurous patrons sought out the
more challenging work. 43
Thus, in the call to serious painting after the war, Matisse's
critics, while recognizing the artist's gifts and his technical mastery,
faulted hirn for not producing "paintings," that is, large-scale,
ambitious compositions, preferably muItifigured and having real
"subject matter." His sketchy, intimate interiors with models and still
life motifs seemed somehow beneath his abilities. Matisse had
established himself as an intelligent artist, but his receitt works were
patently not intellectual. The most able critics had not forgotten the
ambition of the pre-war painting, those historically significant works in
the Grand Style. Matisse was expected to do more than work modestly
out of Realism or Impressionism.
For many mainstream critics, of course, personalized realism
was enough; it was even the epitome of health to revitalize Zola's
definition of art as a "corner of the world seen through a temperament."
They were pleased, reviewing in the journals and large-circulation
dailies, to place Matisse at the head of Segonzac, Favory, Utrillo,
Vlaminck, Kisling, Marquet, Bonnard, and others "Iyric realists." The
sincerity, simplicity, earthiness, and directness of contact with nature
that this view of art proffered coincided neatly with a certain view of
French culture--in fact, provincial culture, which had seized the national
imagination. For a major European power, France was still
surprisingly rural (though urbanization accelerated in the 1920s), and
rural depictions of "nature" embodied nostalgic and romantic
idealizations of the past. Critics such as Vauxcelles, Fels, George, and
others supported artists who worked directIy from nature, an implicit
criticism of rootless urbanism and soulless technology.
In the 1925 interview with Jacques Guenne, the editor of L'Art
vivant, Matisse looks back anecdotally to his education and early
struggles. 44 But embedded in the familiar story of hardships overcome

43 See Malcom Gee, Dealers, Critics, and Collectors 0/ Modern

Painting, Aspects 0/ the Parisian Art Market Between 1900 and 1930
(London and New York: Garland Publishing, 1977).
44 Jacques Guenne, "Entretien avec Henri Matisse," L'Art vivant 18
(September 15,1915): 1-6.
IN1RODUCIlON XXXIX

and academic success spurned, lies another message. In the middle of

the interview, Matisse says:

Slowly I discovered the secret of my art. It consists

of a meditation on nature, on the expression of a
dream which is always inspired by reality. With
more involvement and regularity I learned to push
each study in a certain direction. Little by little the
notion that painting is a means of expression asserted
itself, and that one can express the same thing in
different ways.

Matisse addresses several contemporary issues here. First, the

proper referent of a painting is a dream rather than nature, but a dream
inspired by or arising from nature. This describes the work that Matisse
was currently engaged in but does not repudiate his model-Iess work.
Second, style is a tool; changes in style do not reflect uncertainty or
inconstancy. "One can express the same thing in different ways"; styles
may change, but the dream expressed can remain the same. As
Matisse once said, Cezanne is not an Impressionist, because he always
painted the same picture--a Cezanne. (Impressionists were understood to
paint different paintings, each reflecting a unique moment of the day.)
Third, the artist does not imitate nature, but fashions an imaginative,
subjective image of it. Still, the imaginative image would not be
possible without the experience of nature, and it captures something of
nature's "truth." In c\osing the interview, Matisse obliquely responds
to those urging hirn to paint "pictures," that is, potential masterpieces
in the Grand Manner. Concerning his youthful hard times, Matisse
remarks, "I have never regretted this poverty. I was very embarrassed
when my canvases began to get big prices. I saw myself condemned to
a future of nothing but masterpieces!" Once more, the standard is
sincerity, being true to oneself. Maintaining integrity demands, in fact,
flexibility of approach.
In 1925-26, the exhibition of Matisse' s Decorative Nude on
an Ornamental Ground and his work on a cantilevered sculpture, Large
Seated Nude. attracted the attention of critics, who feIt that these works
foreshadowed another shift of Matisse's style, a move toward something
c\oser to his pre-Nice mode. As if to support their surmise, Matisse
exhibited two 1916 paintings, Bathers by a River and The Piano
xl !NrRODUCIlON

Lesson, for a two-pamtmg show at Paul Guillaume's gallery,

reminding his public that this, too, is still Matisse. In a review of
these works, Sylvain Bonmariage recalls a statement that Matisse had
made to hirn and to Metzinger before a particularly abstract cubist
painting (around 1909? probably later): '''That's Cubism ... I mean by
that an immense step toward pure technique.' And Matisse added: 'We
are all heading there.',,45 Bonmariage suggests that in the exhibited
1916 paintings Matisse had arrived there, and that his genius is
revealed in these works, "completely stripped of all anecdotal details, of
all the artifices that, in many of his works, prevent us from penetrating
them."
The strong call by certain critics to remember that Matisse is
more than the sum of his Nice works is powerfully illustrated in the
incisive article of Andre Levinson, "Matisse a soixante ans," an
indignant and ironic attack on Florent Fels's monograph on Matisse. 46
The Fels text was typical of the journalistic writing appearing in the
popular art magazines in the I 920s. Not greatly taxing the reader' s
critical intelligence, this writing treats the artist as a culture-hero, an
interesting personality whose humanity animates the art work and
gives it value. "Painting is not an esthetic exercise," Fels had
proclaimed in his 1925 book, Propos d'artistes: "It is a durable form of
human emotion.,,47 In his Matisse monograph, Fels explicitly rejects
"painting conceived as an end in itself, [that] ridiculous and narrow
principle, that painting is a special worId, having its own laws, its own
specific life." Rather, echoing Bergson, Fels says that "the work of art
is only a moment of universal life, a manifestation of the elan vital."

45 Sylvain Bonmariage, "Henri Matisse et la peinture pure," Cahiers

d'art I, 9 (1926): 240. See also Georges Duthuit's lecture at the
vernissage of this show, published for the first time in Georges
Duthuit , Ecrits sur Matisse (Paris: Ecole Nationale Superieure des
Beaux-Arts, 1992),47-69, as "Les Tableaux qui nous entourent ce soir
"
46 Andre Levinson, "Matisse a soixante ans," L'Art vivant 6
(January 1930): 24-28; Florent Fels, Henri-Matisse (Paris:
Chroniques du Jour, 1930).
47 Florent Fels, "Matisse," Propos d'artistes (Paris: Chroniques du
Jour, 1925).
IN'IRODUCIlON xli

The artwork, Fels asserts, is the medium though whieh "modern

ereators ... assert their personality."
Levinson rejeets this goal of self-expression and the revelation
of nature through sentiment. Levinson makes a ease for "pure art,
disinterested, in the philosophie sense of the word." For Levinson,
Matisse's ambitious pre-war paintings were what a eanvas should be: "a
true spectacle, a thing for viewing, the putting into play of an optie, a
complex of visual sensations whieh, by means of the eye, goes to the
brain, produeing there a kind of dry intoxieation and lucid exaltation in
whieh there is no grandiloquenee, no eonfused or murky elements."
Levinson reminds his reader that, between 1906 and 1913, Matisse's
"historie voeation was fulfilled and attained" by the creation of a new
mode of expressive deeorative painting, that is, by Matisse's move to
near-abstraetion through shifting the terms of "deeoration" to a
flattened--but self-eontained and nature-referring--easel painting. He
developed the tableau-objet at the moment that Cubism reaehed the
same end through different means.
Levinson reaehes into pre-war estheties (that begun by
Mallarme and eontinued by Paul Valery) to eounteraet the support of
"Iyrie realism" that dominated Fels's diseourse. Writers like Fels had,
however, only to maintain the existing eriteria of sineerity,
individuality, direet interpretive eontaet with nature, and a teehnique
"found" in the proeess of direet transeription of immediate pereeption;
they did not have to develop ab nihilo a new position. But neither did
Levinson. He had only to restore the eurrently suppressed aspeets of
pre-war criteria: formal innovation in eontinuous evolution,
experimentation with the expressive possibilities of the plastie
elements themselves, an awareness of the exigeneies of one's historical
moment, and an involvement in esthetie theory.
Fels' s mongraph on Matisse was brought out by Editions
Chronique du Jour; they also brought out editions in English and
German with new texts written by Roger Fry and Gotthard Jedlieka
respeetively. The three versions had the identieal format and
illustrations but different texts. 48 Roger Fry's Henri-Matisse places

48 Roger Fry, Henri-Matisse (Paris: Chroniques du Jour, and New

York: E. Weyhe, 1930) and Gotthard Jedlieka, Henri-Matisse (Paris:
Chroniques du Jour, 1930). Jedlicka was pressed into service after
Hans Purrmann declined to do a German edition. His aeeount, fairly
xlii INIRODUCIlON

Matisse' s work in the larger esthetic framework of the dual problematic

of painting: its nature as both a diversely colored plane surface and as an
illusion of the three-dimensional world. He also points to the duality
of the artist's role: that of a seer and of a maker or artisan. With
Cezanne as his model of an artist who did not sacrifice plasticity for
surface unity, Fry praises Matisse, who also works self-critically. Both
Matisse and Cezanne work succesfully with the "allusive-elliptical"
nature of pictorial representation. Fry also notes that Matisse has begun
to reinvestigate the premises of his "stark, structural" work of 1910-17,
ending the cyc1e of the more relaxed Nice style of 1918-26. Fry's text,
along with Levinson's, is an important base for later formalist criticism
on Matisse.
Besides Levinson and Fry, the American art historian Meyer
Schapiro also sketched a larger historical framework for Matisse's
contribution to modern painting. 49 Viewing the Matisse retrospective
exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in 1931 and responding to
Alfred Barr's catalogue essay, Schapiro attempts to configure Matisse's
total oeuvre entirely in terms of the pictorial innovations of
Impressionism, broadly conceived. Bracketed by two impressionist-
based manners, the innovative work of 1907-17 could be understood not
so much as an alternate formal mode as one still containing elements
of the impressionist style: "the flatness of the field or its decomposition
into surface patterns, the inconsistent, indefinite space, the deformed
contours, the peculiarly fragmentary piecing of things at the edges of
the picture, the diagonal viewpoint, the bright, arbitrary color of
objects, unlike their known, local color, [thus] constitut[ing] within
the abstract style of Matisse an Impressionist matrix." Schapiro did not
deny the sharp 1905 turn from "formless" naturalism to his "abstract,
decorative" manner nor the 1917 turn from the latter to a naturalism
saturated with the "quality of design" of the preceding period. Schapiro
nevertheless analyzes the continuities (content as well as form) of what
seemed in 1932 to be nearly the whole of a life' s work. At the
beginning of a decade that would see areturn to figurative art with

anecdotal and based on published sources, preceded his interviews with

Matisse and later substantial writings on the artist.
49 Meyer Schapiro, "Matisse and Impressionism," Androcles 1, 1
(1932): 21-36; Alfred H. Barr, Jr., Henri-Matisse (New York:
Museum of Modern Art, 1931; trade ed. by W. H. Norton, 1931);
exhibition catalogue.
INlRODUcnON xliii

social purpose, Schapiro credits Matisse with having avoided the error
of treating the "archaic stage" of the discovery of abstract form, in
which form became the subject matter of art (so liberating to Matisse's
sensibility from 1907-17), as a final or fixed style. Schapiro ends with
a close scrutiny of Decorative Figure on an Ornamental Ground,
applauding its return to the intensity, weight, and scale of Matisse's
more ambitious painting, but without any "return" to an "irrecoverable"
plastic quality of the past. As a Marxist critic, Schapiro honors the
forward thrust of history, its progression, and does not advocate a
"return" even to the heroic years of early twentieth-century modernism.
In the interviews he gave Teriade after his return to France in
October 1930, Matisse, ready to embark on his Barnes Foundation
mural, points to a decisive change of direction. 50 Always an astute,
even obsessive, observer of his own work, the "curve" of his own
career, Matisse seems to realize by means of the international
retrospectives that something is over, that a new turn in his work is
underway. Without repudiating the work of the 1920s, Matisse points
to a new conception of himself--once more embedded in an interview
that seems largely anecdotal, concerning Matisse's recent voyage to the
United States and Tahiti:

Most painters require direct contact with objects in

order to feel that they exist, and they can only
reproduce them under strictly physical conditions.
They look for an exterior light to see them clearly in
themselves. Whereas the artist or the poet possesses
an interior light which transforms objects to make a
new world of them--sensitive, organized, a living
world which is in itself an infallible sign of the
divinity, a reflection of divinity. That is how you can
explain the role of the reality created by art as
opposed to objective reality, by its irrelevant essence
{essence indifferente} (emphases added).

50 Henri Matisse, interviewed by E. Teriade, "Entretien avec

Teriade," L'[ntransigeant (October 20 and 27, 1930); Flam, MOA,
89, for the quotation that folIows. I have slightly altered Flam's
translation.
xliv INrRODuenON

This extraordinary statement suggests, among other things, that

Matisse has acquired a new self-image, that of an artist rather than
simply a painter. The artist is a creator of worlds, of new spaces and
new light; he creates a new reality that can be distinguished from
"objective reality" by the artist's unconcern for the essence of the object
in its physical materiality. In his statements throughout the 1930s and
1940s, Matisse was to speIl out, progressively, what constituted this
conception of the artist. In practical terms, moreover, Matisse began to
function as more than a painter in the next decade. He became a
muralist, book designer, textile and glass artist, designer for the theatre,
and uItimately the creator of the "sensitive, organized and living world"
that was the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence. To use Richard Shiff's
terminology, the artist shifted from being a discoverer to being a maker,
from being a searcher to becoming a finder, from expressing an
individual sensibility to constructing a world available to individual
sensibilities. Although Matisse hirnself signaled this change in his
artistic project, writers in the 1930s were slow to see hirn as anything
but a master easel painter and, once more, a modern one because of a
certain style: the f1at, simplified, unmodeled color-forms of the
paintings of the 1930s and 1940s.

m
Mature and Final Years, 1934-1954:
From resumption of a flat, decorative style (culminating in cut-paper
works and the Chapel at Vence) to Matisse's death.

It would perhaps be fair to say that French art criticism from

1930 to 1955, including that on Matisse, never really develops a
historical sense, never constructs a plausible narrative about how and
why modern art developed in the twentieth century as it did. It never
decides how putative avant-gardes would function in this narrative--as
real ruptures or as temporary extremisms meant to bring tradition back
into balance. French writers like to see Fauvism and Cubism as
revolutionary but then rather quickly explain them as corrective
phenomena. Either Fauvism is treated as a youthful movement of
enthusiasm and energetic excess, properly followed by a mature turn to
measured reason (a life-cycle model) or it is framed in a dialectical
opposition to its partner, Cubism. From these two, a synthesis is
IN1RODUenON xlv

achieved by merging color and structure, instinct and intellect. Since

French genius is always perceived to be found in the measured balance
of polarities, French esthetics always looks for areturn to normalcy, to
harmony, to a just proportion of elements in an ideal balance.
Matisse spoke as a microcosm of French culture when he
confessed to the Bussy family with shamefaced pride: "I am interested
only in myself. ,,51 French art writers in the 1930s and 1940s are really
interested only in the nature of French culture, not in modernism as an
international phenomenon. When the issue of "Frenchness" is
repeatedly taken up by critics, it is not as something unfolding in time,
but as a set of more or less permanent characteristics abstracted from the
f10w of events, incarnated in particular individuals and institutions.
Matisse was perceived as such an individual and, increasingly in the last
two decades of his life, as such an institution.
The last twenty years of Matisse's life were ones of enormous
political dislocation and personal upheaval: the economic collapse of
the early 1930s, the rise of fascism throughout Europe, the leftward
shift of political allegiances accompanying the Spanish Civil War and
the subsequent polarization of left and right, the short-lived utopianism
of the Popular Front government, the French defeat and German
occupation, and the post-war reconstruction. Of all this, only hints can
be gleaned from the writing on or by Matisse.
Matisse's later life falls into two distinct periods marked by
the end of World War 11. From 1933 to 1945, Matisse's artistic
reputation was at its peak and his production richly varied, though his
personal life was tumultuous. He had the last great passion of his life,
was legally separated from his wife of forty years because of it, nearly
died of an embolism after surgery for colon cancer, and lived through
the Nazi occupation during which his daughter and his estranged wife
were imprisoned for Resistance activity. In the post-war decade until
his death in 1954, on the other hand, Matisse's private life was
relatively uneventful, though physically restricted; nevertheless, he
developed the new medium of decorative cut-paper compositions and
lavished three-and-a-half years of intensive effort on his culminating
work, the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence, dedicated in 1951. The critical

51 Matisse, quoted by Jane Simone Bussy in "A Great Man,"

Burlington Magazine 128,995 (February 1986): 80-85; Flam, 1988,
323.
xlvi INIRODUenON

literature, which until 1947 was essentially a discourse about painting,

becomes (after Jazz, the iIlustrated books, and the beginning of the
chapel) a literature that tries to come to terms with public decorations,
the social and spiritual role of the artist, and issues of viewer response.
In the 1930s the first serious attempts to define and evaluate
Fauvism as an art movement demonstrate a deficient historical sense.
Perhaps Matisse complicated matters when he spoke in 1936 of his
return to Fauvism, encouraging a broad definition of Fauvism as a
return to "purity of means" whenever and wherever art had become
overrefined and enervated. 52 Necessary in 1900, Matisse seems to
imply, Fauvism was again demanded thirty-odd years later--a cyclical
view of historical imperatives. The Fauve exhibits of 1927, 1934 and
1935, 1942, and 1950, held in the full disarray of this era of political
and artistic disorientation, did little to situate the movement
historicaIly.53
After Maurice Raynal' s first synthetic treatment of modernism,
Anthologie de la peinture en France de 1906 a nos jours (1927), and
Basler and Kunstler's La Peinture independante en France (1929),54 the
French undertake a few general surveys of modern art in the 1930s. But
there is nothing in the French literature comparable to the
comprehensive and authoritative exhibitions mounted by Alfred Barr at
the Museum of Modern Art in New York, Cubism and Abstract Art;
Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism of 1936; and Picasso, Forty Years
01 His Art in 1937. Together, the catalogues for these shows sketch a
concise history of twentieth-century modernism. Barr re legates
Fauvism to the role of a transitional stage of decorative, colorist
experimentation that was superceded by the first true modern
movement, Cubism. The text in Bazin and Huyghe's 1934 Histoire de

52 Matisse, "Constance du fauvisme," Minotaure 2,9 (October 15,

1936): 3; Flarn, MOA, 122-23.
53 See Exhibition Section, 1927-1950.
54 Maurice Raynal, Anthologie de la peinture en France de 1906 a nos
jours (Paris: Montaigne, 1927) and Adolphe Basler and Charles
Kunstler, La Peinture independante en France, vol. 1, De Manet a
Bonnard; vol. 11, De Matisse a De Segonzac (Paris: Cres, 1929). It
must be noted that these two works originated as journal artic1es, and
the chapters or seetions retain the self-contained, occasional quality of
the short artic1e.
IN1RODUCIlON xlvii

{'art contemporaine (Paris: Alcan, 1934), first published as aseries of

artic\es in 1933, however, is typical of the French approach, which does
not want to concede such an important role to Cubism.
Uncertain how exact1y to evaluate Fauvism, Bazin and Huyghe
divide it into three somewhat confusing parts. First, there is the early,
historical Fauvism in which the youthful enthusiasm of specific artists
c\eared the ground of painting so that its essential elements--Iine, color,
and surface--could be valued. Huyghe does not consider Matisse's
current (1930s) work to be of this type though, because its color is
rational and calculated, not personal and spontaneous. The second kind
of Fauvism is of a truly expressive or pathetic type (c\oser to German
or Central European Expressionism), exemplified by Vlaminck and
Rouault, and by Jewish artists of the School of Paris. 55 The third
type is the style current in Paris at the moment: a balance between
structure and tradition (Derain) and a bourgeois sensibility ordered to the
world of reality and mundane intimacy (Bonnard, de Segonzac, Favory).
Here, says Huyghe, Matisse's persistent "bourgeois sensibility" places
hirn, with Bonnard and the others. in the last classification. Thus.
Fauvism is made to conform to a balanced image of French art that
avoids extremes and finds amiddIe ground. "The Fauves [rec\aimed],"
says Salmon in the same study, "by revolutionary action. the c\assic
paths lost by academic instruction."
Huyghe's and Bazin's history is a set of elastic and imprecise
categories created for a French modernism that, while still c\aiming to
be revolutionary, remains very much tied to a moderately stylized realist
tradition and to the biographies of talented individuals. Non-objective
art (in French eyes, a foreign import from Holland, Russia. and
Germany) and Surrealism have no real part in their accounts.
Surrealism, a sub-heading under the more general "The New
Subjectivity," is a movement, according to Huyghe. whose defense of
irrationality is subtended by a refined lucidity and logic. Dada and
Surrealism together receive seven pages in a 530-page book on
contemporary art.

55 In the later 1930s it became customary to identify the work of

Jewish artists from the School of Paris as the School of Montparnasse
or the Jewish School of modern art. See Kenneth Silver, The Circle of
Montparnasse, Jewish Artists in Paris, 1905-1945 (New York: Jewish
Museum, 1985); exhibition catalogue.
xlviii INTRODUenON

More and more in France, modern art was seen as a matter of

masters, not movements; of superior talents, not manifestos. A pattern
fails to emerge; a principle of historical necessity or agency is not
assumed. Newness itself becomes suspect in the general international
acceptance of independent art. Not without irony did Leon Werth note
as early as 1925: "The mistress of the house shows [modern paintings]
with pride, with the same sort of pride that she shows a dress from the
rue de la Paix."56 Newness could be equated with the merely
fashionable, and the fashionable commodity item, a dress in the latest
Paris style, at that. Straining for novelty on the part of an artist or
groups of artists is seen as the ploy of those without authentic
originality, that is, an originality that is deeply personal and based on a
thorough grounding in tradition.
Interpretations of Fauvism from this period usually inclined
toward the tendentious in some way. The first show to feature the
Fauves as an historical movement was at the Gallery Bing in 1927,
twenty years after the movement dissolved. Polish-born Waldemar
George, author of the catalogue essay, attempted to make the movement
the cradle of all later modernism. 57 Though "an experiment and a
revolution," Fauvism constructively prepared the way for a variety of
movements to follow, even Cubism. Fauvism, "crossroad of modern
painting," in George's words, even enabled German art to rediscover its
own essential nature, its expressionist soul. In a review of the 1927
Fauve exhibition, Andre Salmon, on the other hand, offered another
model of Fauvism which, with that of George's, was to dominate the
Fauve literature for many years. 58 Matisse is barely mentioned by
Salmon, except as the leader of a generic pre-cubist modernism. For
Salmon, Fauvism was not a movement but a circumstance of
friendships and the anarchist times; his essay is anecdotal and he

56 Leon Werth, "La Peinture en province," L'Art vivant (August I,

1925): 23.
57 Waldemar George, "Le Mouvement fauve," L'Art vivant 54
(March 15, 1927): 208; reprinted from the catalogue essay for the
exhibition. George does not see Matisse as the creator or even major
figure of Fauvism; for hirn, Matisse merely made use of Fauvism as a
stage in his own personal development.
58 Andre Salmon, "Les Fauves et le fauvisme," L'Art vivant 54
(May I, 1927): 321-24.
INIRODUCI10N xlix

emphasizes colorful personalities without generalizing the

characteristics of the movement.
Whenever Fauvism is figured as the product of violent or
anarchic temperaments--often the view in the 1930s--and not as the
consequence of intention, program, or historical conditions, Vlaminck
rather than Matisse is the preeminent figure. This was also the
position of Louis Vauxcelles who wrote on Fauvism for a 1934
exhibition ~ponsored by the Gazette des beaux-arts and, .in the late
1930s, a longer series of articles that featured Vlaminck as the major
Fauve, by reason of his temperament. 59 Matisse is often pronounced
the major Fauve, while at the same time paradoxically held to be the
exception in the group: his temperament is not impulsive, his brush
stroke is not expressive and, though he continued to make color his
major means, that color is more intellectual than emotive.
Between the 1927 Fauve exhibition and the one in 1934
appeared what is probably still the single most important yet
idiosyncratic essay on Fauvism, meant to counteract the current views
of Fauvism: Georges Duthuit' s five-part series from 1929 to 1931 in
Cahiers d'art. Rich in citations from Matisse and the other recently
interviewed major Fauves, the essays place Matisse cIearly at the center
of Fauvism's innovations in color, its non-mimetic goals, its new
relation of the individual sensibililty to the experience of nature, its
fresh ways of structuring the picture-surface--all of which characterize
Fauvism's contribution to modern painting. 60 Duthuit mocks the
accounts of Vlaminck and Derain as self-serving and muddled, and
quotes Matisse as saying that he does not know what Fauvism-as-a-
movement means. Nor does Duthuit. Fauvism is nothing, for hirn,
outside of Matisse's innovations.
Duthuit' s first articIe on Matisse, appearing in 1920 in the
journal Action, had adumbrated the point of view he developed in all his
later articles on his future father-in-law. 61 (Duthuit married Marguerite
Matisse in 1923.) According to Duthuit, Matisse provides the vi ewer

59 Louis Vauxcelles, "Les Fauves, apropos de I'exposition de la

Gazette des beaux -arts," Gazette des beaux-arts 12 (1934): 273-82.
60 Georges Duthuit, "Le Fauvisme, I," Cahiers d'art 4,5(1929);
Part 11 4,6(1929); Part III 4, 10 (1929); Part IV 5,3 (1930); Part V
6,2(1931).
61 Georges Duthuit, "Matisse," Action 3 (April 1920): 49-58.
1 lNfRODUcnON

with an experience of enhanced vitality, even ecstasy, through the

contemplation of the transfigured matter of his artwork. A student of
Byzantine art and a folIower of Bergson, Duthuit puts Matisse's viewer
in an active mode, responding to a work that has a powerful presence
but that imposes no specific response. Matisse's art provides a kind of
atmosphere of meditation that the viewer is free to experience either
subliminally or with more focused attention. This theory of the
artwork as providing an experience analogous to religious trancendence
and to a ritual healing, would be developed from Duthuit's thought by
Pierre Schneider from 1970 onward.
The greatly revised and expanded version of Duthuit's essays,
Les Fauves, was published in 1949 (English ed. The Fauvist Painters,
1950), the same year that he published "Matisse and Byzantine Space"
in the English-Ianguage journal Transition Forty-Nine. 62 He answers
the postwar agitation for socially engaged and collective art by offering
the cuIturally integrated art of Byzantium as a model of what is
desirable in the relation of art to society. He suggests that Matisse
offers something parallel to Byzantine art' s unified esthetic experience
by means of his life-enhancing, light! space-oriented environments.
Duthuit's final summation of his position on Matisse's art as geared to
viewer experience is his essay of 1956, "Material and Spiritual Worlds
of Henri Matisse," again reaching an American audience directly, this
time in the journal Art News 63 and engaging the issue of spirituality
that arose partly in response to Matisse's chapel, as we shall see below.
During the years of German occupation, Fauvism was
sometimes used to extol French rural virtues at the expense of urban
cosmopolitanism, a view taken by Maurice Vlaminck, who became
virulently anti-modern and anti-semitic. The issue of the "Frenchness"
of modern art versus its international character had already become an
issue in the xenophobie and anti-semitic thirties. The School of Paris
came to be associated with foreign, mostly Iewish, artists from colorful
and bohemian Montparnasse--Soutine, Pasein, Modigliani, Chagall,

62 Georges Duthuit, Les Fauves: Braque, Derain, van Dongen, Friesz,

Marquet, Matisse, Puy, Vlaminck (Geneva: Editions des Trois
Collines, 1949); translated by Ralph Manheim as The Fauvist Painters
(New York: Wittenborn, SchuItz, 1950); idem, "Matisse and
Byzantine Space," Transition Forty-Nine 5 (1949): 20-37.
63 Art News 55 (1956): 22-25.
INlRODUenON li

Kisling, Lipschitz, Orloff, Zadkine, among others, were Jewish--while

prominent foreigners in Paris included Picasso, Dali, Miro, Kandinsky,
Mondrian, Foujita, and Torres-Garcia, to name but a few. A number of
right-wing voices were the most virulent in the 1920s. By the mid-
1930s, however, even Andre Salmon, Louis Vauxcelles, Adolph Basler,
and Waldemar George, critics who championed modernism and had
written positivelyon individual Jewish artists (all but Salmon were
themselves Jewish), were among those who lamented the "swarm" of
foreign and Jewish artists who crowded the depressed art market as weil
as the Quartier Montparnasse, threatening both the livelihood of French
artists and the measured classicism of true French art.
Matisse criticism may not have been directly involved in this
pernicious swell of opinion, which had its dire consequences at the end
of the 1930s and during the Vichy years, but all of these critics wrote
on Matisse, extolling his "French" virtues of measure, tact, reserved
sensuality, classical humanism, continuity with tradition, respect for
the material world and for his metier. From 1939 to 1945, this line of
approbation might be seen as wholly Vichy-ite as weil, except that the
communist, Louis Aragon, and the socialist Resistance leader Jean
Cassou, also use it to the fullest when writing on Matisse during these
years. (During the occupation, "nationalism" was a form of anti-
Nazism; in the post-war period it was sometimes anti-Soviet or anti-
American.) National pride and patriotism, naive chauvinism, or
cultural self-awareness can be other than murderous xenophobia or
crypto-fascism; but, in the case of George, who openly admired Italian
fascism and considered cosmopolitan internationalism the road to
cultural degeneration, the connection with a certain pro-fascist rhetoric
is indisputable.
Writing on Matisse in Chroniques du jour early in 1931,
George is highly critical of the notion of progress in art, to which
Matisse is said to have contributed. 64 Rather, there is no such thing as
progress, only change; Matisse has merely contributed to the divorce of
art from nature, of culture from life, by the sterile, anti-humanist
concept of "absolute" painting. George does not persist in this line of
attack, however, and returns to champion Matisse (Formes, June 1931)

64 Wal dem ar George, "Psychanalyse de Matisse: Letttre a Raymond

Cogniat," Chroniques du jour (April 1931); idem, 'The Duality of
Matisse," Formes (June 1931): 95.
lii IN'IRODUCJ10N

after seeing his retrospective show at the George Petit Gallery:

"Matisse," he excIaims, "[is the] paragon of French painting." George,
delighted with the preponderance of moderate early Nice canvases,
rejoices: "The crowning merit of Matisse is to have engaged modem art,
that sublime paradox, on its own ground and with its own weapons--and
beaten it! And only a French artist could have brought off such a
victory."
Matisse had lived his life absorbed in his profession, attentive
primarily to his own needs, and this pattern did not change during the
upheavals of the 1930s and 1940s. He had initially chosen a life in art
--Ieaving hirn "free, solitary, and at peace"--to put hirn at a remove from
the turmoil, the wrenching change, and nervous disequilibrium of
modem life, and from the conflicts in his own personality. Matisse's
concentration on his own well-being and that of his art increased in
times of personal and world crises. Artwriters on Matisse seldom
directIy connected his activity with external events, seemingly grateful
that he had placed hirnself above the fray, as it were. As one of
France's Great Living Masters (the Spanish Picasso was more
ambiguously so), he came to stand for something immutable and
immune from historical exigencies, namely, for French cuIture, French
genius, French gloire. This rhetoric was used in the art world more
narrowly in the 1920s to place Matisse beyond the confrontations of
late Dada and continuing Cubism, of Constructivism and Surrealism, of
geometric abstraction and expressive realism. His work somehow
seemed to reconcile the conflicting claims of esthetic schools or
political "camps." The language of superiority and exemption with
respect to Matisse's status was shaped and al ready in place in the 1920s,
available to be inserted into the more politically-driven rhetoric on
transcendent French values of the 1930s and 1940s.
During the 1930' sand early 1940s, Matisse hirnself published
a number of important texts about his work that stay strictly within the
framework of esthetics: on color, on drawing, and on "signs."65 He

65 Matisse; on color--"Modernism and Tradition" (1935), "The

Constancy of Fauvism" (1936), "Testimonial" (1943), "Role and
Modalities of Color" (1945), "On Color" (1945), "The Path of Color"
(1947); on drawing--"Divagations" (1937), "Notes of a Painter on his
Drawing (1939), "How I Made My Books" (1946), "Exactitude Is Not
Truth" (1947); on deve\oping "signs"--Louis Aragon's "Matisse-en-
INIRODUCIlON liii

clarifies the role of color in the contribution his generation made to the
history of painting: color became expressive, no longer imitative. He
proposes a concentration on the plastic means instead of a search for
style; he maintains that the artist's emotion is still the key to
transforming the motif into a significant arrangement of color and line;
he insists that art is a matter of relationships. Sensitive to criticism,
he sometimes responds directly, as he did to Roger-Marx's claim that
Matisse's subject matter leaves the artist (and hence the viewer)
emotionally unmoved and that the subject is only apretext for a subtle
play with plastic elements. 66 In response, Matisse stoutly affirms his
emotional engagement with his models and uses the psychological term
"sublimation" to describe his artistic transformation of his female
subjects.
Matisse increasingly refers to his work as a language or as a
chess game, a development of personal signs that are expressive within
specific contexts. In the early 1940s (only a few years before he hirnself
ceases to paint altogether), Matisse admits that painting's influence has
shrunk in a world of photographic images and colorful advertising
design; hence, there is a need for works of absolute emotional sincerity
and a purity of (reduced) means. 67 In 1952, he predicts an end to easel
painting in favor of murals. 68 In messages to young artists, he insists
on the need for hard work and acquired skills as prerequisites for the
artist to give free play to his "unconscious." (If this seems to be a
response to the then-current "art informel," in general, Matisse refrained
from commenting on the art of young contemporaries.) He also notes
the need for more public, collaborative art and suggests that he would
like to make "Iarge-scale compositions"--murals, in effect.
Thus, while reaffirming the values of his youth, he indicates
his awareness of the new language of surrealism, the Iinguistic turn
taken in the artistic discourse of the time, and the increased interest in

France" (J 943). All of these can be found reprinted in both Flam,

MOA, and Fourcade, EPA.
66 Roger-Marx, Dessins de Matisse (Paris: Braun, 1939); Matisse's
response in "Notes of a Painter on his Drawings" (1939).
67 Matisse, "Matisse's Radio Interview, First Broadcast"; Flam,
MOA,145.
68 Andre Verdet, "Entretiens avec Matisse." Prestiges de Matisse
(Paris: Editions Emile-Paul, 1952); Flarn, MOA, 211.
liv INIRODUcnON

public, even popular, art. Nevertheless, in a time of socially-conscious

movements, he insists that the artist's fundamental question is first
"What do I want?,,69
Matisse spoke so concisely and clearly about his aims, his
working process, his development, that writers could often do little but
paraphrase his observations and analyses. This basic information was
simply given a literary or poetic reframing by writers like Jean Cassou,
Rene Huyghe, Raymond Cogniat, Germain Bazin, E. Teriade,
Christi an Zervos, and Waldemar George, all of whom wrote extensively
on the artist. These names comprise a roster of weH placed and
increasingly prominent figures in official and semi-official French art
institutions; they are the new "establishment" that embraced modernism
and attempted to integrate it into a history of French art. Besides
journal articles, all wrote catalogue essays on Matisse, introductions to
albums of reproductions, exhibition reviews, and contributed to general
studies or anthologies on modernism. They had occasion to write on
Matisse again and again over several decades, often recycling old
material into fresh literary bouquets. Their writings are occasional or
thematic, often promotional, less frequently historical or critical in
nature. 70
The period witnessed an increase of foreign as weH as French
monographs on the artist: Albert C. Barnes and Violette de Mazia's The
Art of Henri Matisse (1933), Pierre Courthion' s Henri-Matisse (1934),
Raymond Escholier's Matisse (1937), Alexander Romm's Henri
Matisse (1935, 1937), Courthion' s Le Visage de Matisse (1942), Isaac
Grünewald's Matisse oeh expression ismen (1944), Gino Severini's
Matisse (1944), Leo Swane's Henri Matisse (1944), Giovanni
Scheiwiller's Henri Matisse (1947), Alfred Barr's Henri Matisse, His
Art and His Publie (1951), and Gaston Diehl's Henri Matisse (1954).
(Barr's monograph, the most comprehensive and scholarly to have

69 Matisse, "De la coulour," Verve 4, 13 (December 1945): 9-10;

Flam, MOA, 158.
70 In spite of this, some--such as Jean Cassou and Rene Huyghe--
wrote penetrating and piercingly beautiful texts on Matisse that still
stand today as models of French artwriting at its best. See Jean
Cassou's text in Henri Matisse, Carnet de Dessins, vol. I (Paris:
Huguette, Beres and Berggruen & Cie, 1955) and Rene Huyghe,
"Matisse et Couleur," Formes 1, 5- 10 (January 1930): 31-32.
INIRODUCIlON Iv

appeared to that time, will be discussed below.) International in

authorship, these works are often based on first-hand knowledge by
friends and former students. They are usually liberally laced with
citations from Matisse's writings and interviews. Hostile critics had
remarked negatively upon Matisse' s foreign students (German,
American, Scandinavian, Russian, Romanian, Czech, Hungarian, and
Japanese) in the years when Matisse conducted his Academy.
Ironically, these very students carried the artist's name and farne abroad
and, with it, acceptance of the School of Paris or French modernism.
During the 1930s the three important magazines of advanced
art--Minotaur, Verve, and Cahiers d'art--devoted entire issues to Matisse
and frequently reproduced his work in multiple-page spreads. Minotaur,
oriented toward Surrealism, and Verve, a luxury magazine also
published in an English-Ianguage edition, printed important statements
by the artist and kept his latest work before the public. Both were
under the direction of Matisse' s friend, Teriade, whose 1929 and 1930
interviews had intimately revealed the artist's response to his travels and
to his new mural commission. Minotaur and Verve not only
contained important statements by Matisse on Fauvism, but showed
hirn as a "Fauve," publishing in full color his latest flat, decorative
paintings and his earliest cut-paper work. After the war, Ve rve
continued to be a showcase for the artist's latest work.
Christian Zervos, friend and documenter of Picasso, was the
editor of Cahiers d'art, which championed Cubism and semi-abstract art.
Zervos nevertheless also wrote extensivelyon Matisse. He valued
Matisse's oeuvre as essentially pictorial, respecting and instantiating
plastic values that endure after the quarrels of the schools, the
superficial differences of styles, and the ultimately irrelevant c1ash of
manifestoes. In spite of supporting an historical avant-garde, both
Teriade and Zervos still emphasize genius, authenticity, self-expression,
timeless traditions of quality, and the discovery of the self through art.
That Matisse's work appears side-by-side in these magazines with
prehistoric cave paintings, medieval manuscripts, tri baI sculpture,
children's art, and photography proc1aims that all are recognizably art
because of certain formal qualities and their universal human
significance.
Under the occupation, young French painters took--from the
available models of established gerontocracy--Pierre Bonnard, George
Braque, and Jacques Villon as their major guides. Intimacy and
lvi INfRODUCTION

modesty of subject matter along with the personal deployment of the

color-space of modern ist composition attracted the young generation
under the banner of "Tradition fran~aise." This label was a clandestine
expression of patriotism that hid behind acceptable Vichy
terminology)l But Matisse was also revered; his Henri Matisse
desssins: themes et variations (Paris: M. Fabiani, 1943) was published
with a glowing text by the communist Louis Aragon, who procIaimed
Matisse the most French of all, in his essay, "Matisse-en-France."
Also published during the war was Henri Montherlant's Pasiphäe:
Chants de Minos (Paris: M. Fabiani, 1944), a luxury book designed
by Matisse and iIIustrated with linocuts. From Switzerland during the
war, Pierre Courthion published a monograph on Matisse --rich in new
material taken directly from interviews with the artist--and articIes in
the journal Labyrinthe.7 2 After the war, an articIe by Courthion in
Labyrinthe is illustrated by the Brassai's 1939 photos of the artist,
pure and detached in his white artist's smock, drawing from the nude in
a sunny, flower-filled studio. In 1945 the photos seem to say:
"MiracIe! this national treasure has survived a cIose call with death and
is still as productive as ever! So France will survive."
Not until after the war did Matisse publish his cut-paper
stenciled book, Jazz, with its brilliant, flat "illuminations" so like
those of the eleventh-century French manuscript, the Apocalypse 0/
Saint-Sever, of which a deluxe facsimile copy was published in 1943,
the very year Matisse began Jazz. (Reproductions of the manuscript had
already appeared in 1938 in Verve, in proximity to Matisse's earliest
cut-paper efforts.) 73 Romanesque art had been the symbol of the true

71 For the pre-War and occupation periods, see: L 'Art dans les annees
30 en France (Saint-Etienne: Musee d' Art et d'Industrie, 1979),
exhibition catalogue; Paris-Paris, 1937-1957 (Paris: Musee National
d' Art Moderne, 1981), exhibition catalogue; Laurence Bernard Dorleac,
Histoire de I'art: Paris 1940-1944: ordre national, traditions, et
modernites (Paris: Sorbonne, 1986); and Micheie C. Cone, Artists
Under Vichy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992).
72 Pierre Courthion, Le Visage de Matisse (Lausanne: Marguerat,
1943); idem, "Le Peintre et son modele," Labyrinthe 8 (May 15,
1945): 6-7.
73 Andre Lejard, introduction to Henri Matisse (Paris: Hazan, 1948)
for references to the Beatus manuscript, and Avigdor Arikha, "Matisse
INIRODUCIlON lvii

"Tradition franltaise" during and after the war; younger art historians,
such as Bernard Dorival and Pierre FrancasteI. insisted that French art
had remained true to its medieval roots: a simple, lucid, non-elitist art
for and of the people, untouched by Italian (Renaissance) and German
(Expressionist) influences. This approach can be seen to lie behind the
literalness and na'ivete of Jean Dubuffet's scenes of Paris life painted in
1943 and 1944. Both Matisse's and Dubuffet's spontaneity, childlike
narratives, brutal humor, rough grafitti, and direct scissoring into
humble colored paper, were desiderata both during and after the dreary
and shameful wartime condition, taking on both a resistant note of
rebellion and a hopeful one of a new beginning.7 4 Even Matisse's last,
most brilliant paintings of 1947-48 disguised their sophistication and
seemed to provide an artless gaiety and ease of execution. His
luminous (and colorist) brush drawing in black and white (1946) also
used a seeming simplicity of method for complex ends. Matisse chose
to iIIustrate late medieval and Renaissance texts-- FloriLege des amours
de Ronsard, begun in 1941 and published 1948, and the Chansons
d'amour de Charles d'Orleans, begun in 1942 and published in 1950--
and did so in medievalizing designs of a certainfaux naivete.
The post-war scene was highly politicized. Picasso. who had
stayed in Paris. sharing the occupation hardships both with ordinary
people and with Parisian intellectuals and writers, was the star of a
1946 exhibition. Art et resistance. (His sometimes favored treatment
by the German High Command was overlooked.) A member of the
French Communist Party from 1944. Picasso enjoyed its prestige as
the party of the Resistance until the mid-fifties. In 1947. the
Surrealists returned with a major show L 'Exposition Internationale de
Surrealisme. organized by Breton. ParadoxicaIly. this non-political
show favoring abstraction (Masson, Matta. Lam were prominent) was
denounced by Aragon and the Communists for these very qualities. The
Surrealists had become "Americanized" in the eyes of the French left.
which was promoting a Soviet-dictated, propagandistic Realism. 75 In

et l'Apocalypse de Saint-Sever: Beatus et Jazz," reprinted in Pein tu re

et regard, ecrits sur l'art 1965-1990 (Paris: Hermann, 1991).
74 For this period, see Sarah Wilson, "Les Jeunes peintres de
Tradition franltaise," Paris-Paris, 1937-57, 106-116.
75 See Sarah Wilson, "'La Beaute revolutionnaire'? Realisme
socialiste and French Painting 1935-1954," Oxford Art Journal
Iviii INrRODUCDON

this climate, a Soviet critic denounced both Matisse and Picasso by

name as bourgeois formalists in a 1947 article in Pravda. 76
It is all the more remarkable that, while acting the fierce
advocate of Soviet Realism, Louis Aragon published his most admiring
prose about Matisse: "Apologie du luxe (1946)," "Matisse ou les
semblances fixees (1947)," "Matisse or the French Painter" for the
catalogue of the 1948 Matisse Restrospective in Philadelphia, and "Au
Jardin du Matisse," for the catalogue of the 1950 exhibition Henri
Matisse: chapelle, peintures, dessins, sculptures at the communist-run
Maison de Ia Pensee Fran~aise. Without grossly simplifying Aragon's
subtle point of view, one can say that he presents Matisse as a
revolutionary who provides a vision (or experience) of happiness and,
hence, provides the stimulation to work actively to achieve it in
society. He is revolutionary, acccording to Aragon, because he is an
artist whose work is in continual rupture with complacent convention
and who is never content with the status quo. Jean Cassou,
imprisoned for Resistance activities during the war and, in 1947,
appointed director of the resuscitated Musee National d'Art Moderne,
also wrote frequently about Matisse in these years, always stressing the
intelligence of his sensuality and the voluptuousness of his thought.
For the socialist Cassou, Matisse's thought is always developed and
realized through his materials and in his artistic process, in the manner
of an artisan/worker. Thus these writers of the left sometimes rendered
the apolitical Matisse an active agent in the political-artistic debates of
the time.
From 1948-1952, Matisse would be most discussed in terms
of the chapel he was designing and building at Vence. The lively debate
concerning religious art paralleled, in its way, the purely artistic and
political controversies of the period. A Dominican priest, Pere Marie-
Aiain Couturier, himself an artist who had trained at the Academie
Ranson and who had worked with Maurice Denis and George
Desvallieres in their Atelier d'Art Sacre, became after the war a
champion of modern and, especially, abstract art, which he considered

(October 1980): 61-69; and Louis Roux, ed., Art et ideologies, !'art en
occident, 1944-1949 (Saint-Etienne: Universite de Saint-Etienne,
C.I.E.R.E.C., 1976).
76 Fran~oise Will-Levaillant, "Note sur 'L' Affaire' de Ia Pravda,"
Cahiers du Musee national d'art modeme 9 (1982): 146-49.
INTRODUCTION lix

essentially spiritual. Rather than commission works from mediocre

artists of faith, he actively campaigned to enlist major modern artists in
the furnishing of churches, even though they might be neither
Christians nor believers at all. Couturier was instrumental in
commissioning Leger, Bazaine, Chagall, Lipchitz, Manessier, Lur~at,
and Matisse for decorations for churches at Assy and Audincourt.77 At
first he was not directly involved in Matisse's chapel. Since it was
built, however, for Dominican nuns in Vence and involved the
Dominican friar Frere Rayssiguier as its on-site consultant, Couturier
also became involved as a liturgical adviser to Matisse on the project
and ran interference for him with the clerical establishment.
The Dominican priest posed for the figure of Saint Dominic
that Matisse drew on tiles behind the altar of the chapel and for a
similar altar decoration for the church at Assy. Couturier wrote on
sacred art in general and the need for a vigorous "incarnation" of
theological truths in powerful works of art. All sincere, finely-wrought
works of the human spirit were, according to Couturier, fundamentally
allied to the religious. This broad characterization is not so far from
Matisse's early ( 1908) assertion that his feeling for the human figure
bespoke his "almost religious awe toward life." Articles on Matisse's
chapel and Matisse as a religious artist began to appear both in Catholic
publications and art journals. Although Couturier, quoting Matisse
from recollected conversations and interviews, made him appear to be
more conventionally religious than he was, there is no discounting the
fact that Matisse turned more to religious analogies in his writing and
discussions at this time.78 Still, he never "returned to the church" by

77 For a history of this, see Marcel Billot's "LePere Couturier et l'art

sacre," Paris-Paris, 1937-1957, 197-200.
78 In his book Jazz he had made use of a long paraphrase from the
imitation of Christ, a venerable book of Christian piety, to describe the
joy of the person who lives without hatred or regret. He also used the
deity as a way to describe a certain surrender to the unconscious which
permitted him to create (or otherwise surpass himself) without
conscious effort. The attitude of someone receiving Communion is
described by Matisse as a parallel to the purity, sincerity, and emptiness
of the mental state of the artist when setting to work--always, but
especially on religious subject matter. Matisse had set his "soul" (a
word he admitted he disliked) in order when he was near death in 1940
Ix lNI'RODUCIlON

receiving the last rites. As his cIosest companion Lydia Delectorskaya

makes cIear, he remained fundamentally an unbeliever and employed a
certain affectionate malice toward his Christian interlocutors by giving
them a hint of what they wanted to hear, and then withdrawing it or
qualifying it in the next breath. 79
The chapel itself was published extensively, often in lavish
photo-spreads with descriptive texts: France illustration, Life. Vogue,
and other liturgical and architectural magazines gave it full treatment
during the course of its building, at the time of its dedication, and
throughout the 1950s. The chapel was weIl received, but there was
some negative comment on the summary and somewhat coarse nature
of Matisse's "mural" drawings, on the undistinguished quality of the
architecture itself, and on the lack of proper religious gravity in the
work. 80 Aragon is reported to have joked that, later, when society was
fully secularized, the building could be used as a dance hall. 81 Matisse
assured hirn that, in the event that Church properties would ever again
be confiscated by the State, he had made provision for the place to
become aState-run museum. 82
In short, the literature at the end of Matisse's life attempts to
keep pace with his new decorative works--the tile murals, the silk-
screened or woven wall hangings, the stained glass windows, the books
and graphie designs, the large and small-scale cut-outs. For most
critics, these works crown a body of quality works in many media and

and, in his hospitalizations and while working on the chapel, he was

surrounded with a more religious entourage than was usual.
79 See Lydia Delectorskaya's comments, "Que I'un fOt de la chapelle,"
in Aragon's Matisse. roman. vol. II (Paris: Flammarion, 1971),
183-86.
80 See, for example, Sabro Hasegewa, "Matisse through Japanese
Eyes," Art News 53 (April 1954): 27-29; William Justema,
"Activities of Matisse at Vence,,, Liturgical Arts 20 (May 1952): 100;
and John Lane, "Matisse: Painter into Architect, His Venture at
Vence," LiturgicalArts 20(February 1952): 61-62.
81 Barr, 1950, 281; refuted at surprising length by Aragon in "Que
l'un fOt de la chapelle," Matisse. roman, 181-227.
82 See Marcel Billot, ed., Henri Matisse. La Chapelle de Vence.
Journal d'une creation (Paris: Cerf, Menil Foundation, Editions Albert
Skira, 1993) for the documents (Ietters, journals) between Matisse, M.-
A . Couturier and L.-B. Rayssiguier.
lN1RODUenON lxi

they are evaluated in the familiar terms of innovation, risk, sincerity,

intensive labor and long-hewn skills, intellectually ordered "fauvist"
colors, and unerring taste and measure in composition and design. The
old tropes functioned very weil for these late works as a whole and,
once more, Matisse's own reflections on his current projects--which
often cast a synthesizing look back at earlier works and periods--were
given pride of place by contemporary artwriters.
In France, at the time of Matisse's death, Parisian hegemony
in the arts was challenged by the international prominence of the new
American abstraction, later known as the New York School. Non-
figurative art, which had for so long seemed foreign to French taste and
sensibility, was being seriously debated and practiced by younger
French artists. Although Matisse's international prestige was second
only to Picasso's in 1954, his was not an immediately relevant
example to the young "tachistes" or practitioners of "art informel."
Marcel Brion's book Art abstrait (Paris: Albin Michel, 1956) contains
not a single index reference to Matisse. One must look primarily to the
American and English writers in the next fifteen years for a literature
that frames a major historical role for Matisse's contribution to modern
painting and sculpture.

IV
The Formalist Reputation, 1955-1969:
From the artist's death to the Centenary Exhibition.

AIthough Matisse' schapel and late decorations were

documented and generally admired at the time of the artist's death in
1954, his work in paper cut-outs became fully known and appreciated
only in the following decade. Cut-paper works were shown along with
work in all other media be fore Matisse's death and in the retrospectives
immediately thereafter; but the chapel, with its designs, furnishings,
and maquettes, dominated the public view of the artist's last years of
production. Weil represented at Matisse's 1949 Oeuvres recent 1947-
1948 exhibit in Paris, the paper cut-outs had to compete for attention
with his dazzling ink-brush drawings and the brilliant last series of
paintings. At the 1950 Maison de la Pensee Franc;aise exhibition, they
were shown with a weaIth of sculpture (fifty-one works, with all five
Jeannette heads shown together for the first time) and the Chapel
maquettes. There was thus a tendency to regard the paper cut-outs either
lxii INfRODUCIlON

as maquettes or sketches for works destined to be carried out in other

media (tapestry, silkscreen, stained gl ass, ceramic, metal) or as a form
of graphie art (Matisse had designed a great many book and catalogue
covers, posters, and journal layouts by means of designs in the paper
cut-out technique in the last years of his life). Major exhibitions in
Tokyo (1951), New York (1951 [Retrospective]), Copenhagen (1953),
Paris (1956 [Retrospective]), showed paper cut-outs along with other
media. It was not until 1959, however, that the first major museum
exhibition Iimited to these works was mounted, in Bern's Kunsthalle
(also shown in Amsterdam) in 1959, under the title Henri Matisse, les
grandes gouaches decoupies.
In the catalogue essay for the 1959 Bern show, Franz Meyer
cIearly gives the new assessment of the cut-paper work. He announces
Matisse's break with pictorial media in the dramatic opening sentence:
"In 1948 Matisse painted his last canvas.,,83 The late work, Meyer
maintains, cannot be termed "painting in another medium." What
follows after 1948, and especially after the completion of the chapel,
according to Meyer, is a completely new body of work that has a unity
that can now be recognized and analyzed. Different from cubist or dada
collage, Matisse' s cutouts are reduced wholly to color and to a single
process--cut-and-paste. Far from the layered ambiguity and ruptured
signification of the cubist and dada collage modes, Matisse's work is
reductivist, elementally simple, and deploys a fundamentally new
interaction of color, shape, and line. The large dimensions of the late
works relate to architecture, to the wall, to space that can be experienced
only directly by and in the real space of the beholder. Meyer denies,
however, that the work is in essence either decorative or abstract.
Matisse' s thematic content is more evident than ever: avision of
paradisiac vastness and wholeness, oceanic buoyancy of spirit, Sun and
Light raised to mythic proportions. Meyer's insights foreshadow the
subsequent more formalist interpretation of Matisse's work in terms of
process, material, structure, and the viewer's optical-spatial response.

83 Franz Meyer, Henri Matisse, les grandes gouaches decoupees

(Bern: Bern Kunsthalle, 1959); exhibition catalogue. Two other
canvases were actually painted in 1951, Katia in a Yellow Dress and
The Blue Gandoura , but these are considered by some to have been left
unfinished.
INIRODUcnON lxiii

Meyer's observations about the content of Matisse's late work,

namely, the mythic/mystical themes, found greatest resonance,
however, in the French literature. This concern with content may have
also been stimulated by an article by Georges Duthuit, "Tailleur de
Lumiere," in The Last Works of Henri Matisse, an issue of Verve of
1958, devoted entirely to the cut paper work. 84 Duthuit defends the
work from detractors who either imply something of the childlike, even
childish, in the creations of the old master or charge that he made
murals only for bourgeois interiors. Since no public sites were offered
in the artist's lifetime, Duthuit counters, the intimate social
environment of a private horne, no matter how wealthy, is a far better
site for the work than museums (the only other bidders for the large
works). Duthuit claims that Matisse's direct carving in blocks of pure
color, so rudimentary in its attack on matter, is, nevertheless,
dematerialized when those colored "shadows" take their place on their
shadowless white grounds, "Elysian fields" of light-reflective expanding
surfaces. A dazzling experience, Duthuit claims, it constitutes a
mystical transaction in the here and now by means of humble materials
and processes.
Reviewing the Bern show in 1959, Jean Leymarie related the
new work to Matisse's earlier decorative works of 1911, such as Still
Life with Eggplants, with its original flower-patterned false frame and
the expanses of ornamented spaces that expand laterally from the
trinitarian eggplants. 85 Painted in distemper on paper, the Eggplant's
medium is not unlike the humble and fragile painted papers of the cut-
outs. Leymarie also finds the new medium relevant "to the
contemporary philosophies of intuition and the immediate, and [it]
rejoins the most penetrating research of contemporary art, based on
speed and improvisation, direct contact with material, the fusion of
painting-sculpting, the decorative demand." This assessment is
Leymarie' s special pleading for Matisse' s relevance to the 1950s
painterly abstraction of art informel, but it would be artists of the
1960s who found more to learn from Matisse.

84 "The Last Works of Henri Matisse," Verve 9, 35-36 (1958), in

French and English editions.
85 Jean Leymarie, "Le Jardin du paradis," Les Lettres franfaises,
August 6, 1959; expanded version also published in Quadrum 7
(1959): 103-114.
lxiv lN'IRODUcnON

Leymarie was to write the catalogue essay "The Painting of

Matisse" for the Los Angeles Matisse Retrospective exhibition of
1966, which toured in Chicago and Boston. 86 When Leymarie begins
his catalogue essay with: "Painter, sculptor, draftsman, engraver,
decorator, theorist. .. thinker and persona1ity," he reveals the
posthumous French recognition accorded Matisse for the fuH range of
his work and thought. After reviewing the trajectory of Matisse's
painting achievements, Leymarie concIudes with the late works as the
epitome and fulfillment of all the earlier pictorial work. Leymarie, in
the Duthuit tradition, stresses that Matisse is a "pagan poet of light-
without-shade, shining and serene," and ends his essay by citing
Matisse's "profoundest wish: 'I have attempted to create a crystaHine
environment for the spirit. '"
The decorative implications of all of Matisse's work were
taken up by Nancy Marmer at the time of the 1966 Los Angeles
Retrospective, in what she called the artist's "strategy of decoration.',87
Marmer, younger by a generation than Leymarie and fully aware of
contemporary Minimalism and Pop Art, notes that Matisse's
decorative elements always function structurally and sometimes
abstractly, a fact that is not lost on the young hard-edged abstractionists
such as Elsworth Kelly, Jack Youngerman, and Kenneth Noland.
Marmer terms Matisse's decorative "strategy" a "tough-minded
estheticism" that is shared by the young American painters.
The dominant discussion outside of France was on the anti-
pictorial nature of the cut-outs; their method was regarded as
fundamentally different from Matisse's oil painting process that from
the very beginning depended on developing the image-composition as a
whole. The cut-outs, on the other hand, were individual units or
gestalts, complete in themselves before being joined, juxtaposed, or
integrated into another whole. Leymarie had noted this in 1959, but it
was taken up especially in the Anglo-American criticism of the 1960s.
The cut-outs could be seen in the framework of a number of interrelated
discourses, those of abstract art, of decoration, of minimalism, and of

86 Jean Leymarie, "The Painting of Matisse," Henry Matisse

Retrospective (Los Angeles: VCLA Art Gallery, 1966), 9-16;
exhibition catalogue.
87 Nancy Marmer, "Matisse and the Strategy of Decoration,"
Artforum 4, 7 (March 1966): 28-33.
IN1RODUCTION lxv

collage. That the cut-outs were hard-edged made them an alternative to

the expressionist loaded-brush of the 1950s abstraction; that they were
so simple and repetitive and accessible made them congenial to Pop
Art; that they depended on a direct experience of their gestalts in specific
configurations made them relevent to minimalist esthetics; that they
flaunted their decorative nature made them subversive to the hegemony
of oil painting as a privileged medium; and that they were related to
collage drew them into the avant-garde status reserved to cubist and dada
collage, though they were acknowledged as fundamentally different.
Suddenly, Matisse's cut-outs were about a whole new process of
artmaking, a new relation to the viewer, a new way of thinking about
art.
Another way the cut-outs became relevant in the late 1950s
and the 1960s is through the issue of color. Matisse had returned to
working in flat color-shapes in the mid-1930s and had himself related
the return of saturated color to a new Fauvism. A correlation was
drawn in these years between the direct color-cutting of the paper cut-
outs and the use of color as the privileged element in Fauvism. There
was a cluster of major Fauve exhibitions in the early 1950s: Die
Fauves und die Zeitgenossen in Bern (1950); 1 Fauves at the Venice
Biennale (1950); Le Fauvisme in Paris (1951); Symbolistes,
divisionnistes,fauves; hommage a Gustave Moreau in Paris (1952); Le
Fauvisme in Rennes (1952); and Les Fauves in New York (MoMA) in
1952, which highlighted Fauvism's expressive brushstroke and
emotional immediacy--aligning it with Abstract Expressionism. The
1960s witnessed another explosion of international shows: Triumph der
Farbe, die europäischen Fauves in Berlin (1959); Les Sources du XXe
siede: fes arts en Europe de 1884 a 1914 in Paris (1960); Les Fauves
in Paris (1962); Gustave Moreau et ses efeves in Marseilles (1962); La
Cage aux Fauves du Salon d'Automne 1905 in Paris (1965); Les
Fauves in Tokyo (1965); Les Fauvisme franrais et fes dibuts de
I' expressionisme allemand in Paris (1966); Matisse und seine Freunde,
fes Fauves in Hamburg (1966); Fauves and Expressionists in New
York (1968); Fauvisme in de Europese Kunst in Malines (1969); and
Die Fauves in Basel (1969). Fauvism emerged as an international
phenomenon, rather than merely a short-lived French "ecole." Often
paired with German Expressionism as a parallel and related tendency,
Fauvism was also framed in an historical perspective that identified it as
a form of international Post-Impressionism, strongly tied to the
lxvi INrRODUCfION

initiatives of Gauguin, Munch, Van Gogh, and Cezanne. Historians

also began to see more clearly the relation of turn-of-the-century
symbolist esthetics to the ideas of Expressionism and proto-abstraction
that Fauvism embodied.
The international acceptance of abstract painting in the 1950s
also had its effect on the conceptualization of Fauvism in formal and
historical terms. The new literature on Fauvism attributed the
characteristics of the movement less to individual temperament, to
youthful sowing of "wild oats," and the discovery of self, and more to
historical conditions and fundamental shifts in artistic sensibility. Just
as Matisse's generation had identified color as an individual element to
be emphasized and explored, so too, belatedly, the historians of
Fauvism began to isolate color--along with concomitant issues of
opticality, space-perception, surface, arabesque, and touch--as "plastic
problems" to be examined.
A number of balanced surveys appeared in the mid-fifties and
the sixties: J-E. Muller's Le Fauvisme (1956, 1966), a fine general
treatment; J. Leymarie's Le Fauvisme (1957), distinguished by its
excellent color plates and the detailed analysis of Matisse's color
development; Hans Neumayer's Fauvismus (Zeit und Farbe) (1956)
with its northern emphasis on the expressive intent of the Fauve's
color-usage; G. Jedlicka's Der Fauvismus (1956), which also sees
French Fauvism somewhat through a "Germ an Expressonist" lens; U.
Apollonio's Fauves et cubistes (1959), which explicitly links the first
two twentieth-century modern movements; C. Chasse's Les Fauves et
leurs temps (1963), a curious catch-all of French painters who worked
with a loaded brush, impetuous stroke or heightened color from 1900 to
1910; and J.-P. Crespelle's Les Fauves (1962), comprehensive and
handsomely produced. Indeed there was something like an industry of
popular books on Fauvism in the 1950s, as Fauvism joined
Impressionism as a movement of broad public appeal. In the decades
when Abstract Expressionism had "triumphed" even in the popular
mind, the esthetics of Fauvism could be understood as a still figurative
prototype or variant of that movement.
Two doctoral dissertations produced in the late sixties, but
only published later, are the best new historical studies of Fauvism in
this decade. Marcel Giry's Le Fauvisme: ses origines. san evolution
(1981), material from wh ich had been published as early as 1968,
closely examines the progressive Salons through French documentary
INIRODUenON lxvii

sources and attempts to rethink the movement in terms of its

subjective--even symbolist--Iyricism and its formal differences from
Impressionism. 88 Finally, however, in spite of new data, Giry's
conclusions adhere fairly closely to the traditional French narratives of
the movement. The other study, Ellen C. Oppler's Fauvism
Reexamined, completed in 1969 and published in 1976, is a
wonderfully comprehensive study of the social, political, and artistic
matrix out of which Fauvism emerged. 89 The author reexamines the
myths about the movement, the claims of its participants, the nature of
its originality, and the extent of its influence, bringing it right up to
the moment when Cubism beg an to emerge from the same milieu.
Oppler' s study is notable for its historical soundness, its wealth of new
documentation, its broad grasp of the interrelatedness of the Parisian
cultural scene and the struggle for the political allegiance of the French
intellectual cenacles in aperiod of international tension and rising
nationalism. She also gives full treatment to the paradox of the rise of
the notions of "primitivism" and "classicism" at a time when their
definitions were fluid enough to be used by either the political left or
right for extra-artistic goals. The ideals of "primitivism" and
"classicism," of course, had complex studio ramifications as weil.
In 1976, when the Museum of Modern Art in New York
mounted its first Fauve show since 1952, John Elderfield, its curator,
made ample use of Oppler's pioneer study, adding to it his own
discriminating eye and fine formal analysis of fauvist "style(s).,,90
Elderfield was the first to distinguish sharply between a Fauve group of
friends, a Fauve movement identified in the art press as such, and a
rapidly-evolving fauvist style.
Elderfield's scholarly and formally sensitive catalogue followed
in the Museum of Modern Art's long tradition of producing

88 Marcel Giry, "Le Salon d'Automne 1905," L'Information d'

histoire de L'art (January-February 1968): 16-25; idem, Le Fauvisme:
ses origines, son evoLution (Neuchätel: Ides et Calendes, 1981); Eng.
ed., Fauvism; Origins and DeveLopment (New York: Alpine Fine
Arts, 1981).
89 Ellen C. Oppler, Fauvism Reexamined (New York: Garland,
1976); reprint of dissertation, Columbia University, 1969.
90 John Elderfield, The "Wild Beasts, " Fauvism and its Affinities
(New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1976); exhibition catalogue.
lxviii INJRODUenON

pathbreaking historical exhibitions with significant catalogues. Alfred

H. Barr, Jr.'s 1951 study, Matisse, His Art and His Public, was the
first comprehensive study of the artist that employed the fuH
methodology of art historical scholarship to establish the facts of
Matisse's biography. It is a year-by-year history of the development of
his style, a critical analysis of the major works--in aH media--of
Matisse's long career, and a history of the reception of his work, by
both collectors and critics. 91 Barr interviewed Matisse on particulars in
person and by questionnaire (and did the same with his family and
friends), in a manner foreign to the rather informal, Matisse-controlled
interviews to which the artist was accustomed. This extraordinary
study, which is still the basic text on the artist in spite of its lacuna of
the three last years of Matisse's life and some inevitable factual errors,
inc\udes the valuable studio notes of Sarah Stein when she was
Matisse's pupil, reprints the "Notes of a Painter" in English (first
published in the 1931 MoMA catalogue), and contains a comprehensive
bibliography by Bernard Karpel of works on Matisse to 1951.
It is remarkable that Barr did not need to change his basic
reading of Matisse's oeuvre from his catalogue essay in the earlier
MoMA Retrospective of 1931.92 In that earlier catalogue, far sooner
than any of his European counterparts, Barr had worked out aseries of
stylistic alternations in Matisse's artistic development--the alternation
between a realist-impressionist mode and a more abstract-decorative
manner--both in a spirit of avant-garde experimentation. In spite of this
scenario of alternation, Barr is c\ear about when the "masterpieces" were
made--between 1905 and 1917. Especially from 1913-1917, Matisse
"worked with apower of invention and an austerity of style scarcely
equalled at any other time in his career," and for Barr the excellence of
these works arises from their being c\ose to "abstract design" and
Cubism. His analysis of the early Nice period, whose works he values
less, is nevertheless astute and appreciative. He notes that the active
brushstroke of the early 1920s work is not for the sake of luminosity,
but for decorative purposes, and hence not impressionist. (The response
to Barr by Meyer Schapiro, discussed in the previous section, posits an
alternative view of Matisse's "Impressionism.") And Barr already
remarks, in 1931, that Matisse had turned in 1926 to a renewed period

91 Barr, Matisse, His Art and His Public, 1951.

92 Barr, Henri Matisse, 1931.
IN'IRODUCI10N lxix

of experiment and of geometrie structure, crowned by the effort involved

in the Barnes Foundation mural, barely begun in 1931.
This view of a Matisse who contributed to the boldest will of
the avant-garde to experimentation and abstraction, in spite of a
personal ebb and flow of greater or lesser fidelity to appearance, is
elaborated in Barr's 1951 text and is assumed by later American writers
on Matisse. But despite this dynamic concept of the thrust of
modernism toward reduction, abstraction, and continuous
experimention, the old criterion of quality saves even the more
naturalistic work of Matisse's from being wholly condemned.
According to Barr, the same feeling for color, line, and composition
that undergirds the "abstract" work functions to save the more realist
work from mere illustrative prettiness or banality. Part of Matisse's
"genius" is to follow his own path, even if it led sometimes,
temporarily, away from the progressive collective effort of experimental
modernism.
If Barr established this modern ist history of Matisse's career,
another American, Clement Greenberg, furthered this view in his
struggle to theorize the history of a modernism at the half-way point of
the century. As lohn O'Brian has demonstrated, Greenberg's
appreciation of Matisse is central to his gradual evolution of a flexible
theory of modern painting; the complexity of the crjtic's response to
Matisse helped hirn to avoid a certain rigidity in his theories. 93 If
Matisse first became important to Greenberg because of the painter' s
ability to provide delectation, he ended by earning the critic's admiration
for his oeuvre's power to edify or instruct, to serve as a model.
Improbably enough, Matisse is linked in Greenberg's writing
to lackson Pollock: both manipulate their materials in ways that
produce enjoyment for the viewer. In response to a critic who
questioned his praise of lackson Pollock as a mere predilection on
Greenberg's part for violent romanticism, Greenberg responds in a letter
of 1947:

93 lohn O'Brian, "Greenberg's Matisse and the Problem of Avant-

Garde Hedonism," Reconstructing Modernism, Art in New York,
Paris, and Montreal, 1945-64, edited by Serge Guilbaut (Cambridge,
London: MIT Press, 1990), 144-171. I am indebted to O'Brian's work
on Greenberg in the discussion that folIows. O'Brian is also the editor
of Clement Greenberg, The Collected Essays and Criticism, 4 vols.
(Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1986-1993).
lxx INfRODUCIlON

1 do not prescribe to art, and 1 am willing to like

anything, provided 1 enjoy it enough. That is my
only criterion, ultimately. If 1 happen to enjoy
Pollock more than any other contemporary American
painter, it is not because 1 have an appetite for violent
emotion but because Pollock seems to me a better
painter than his contemporaries. I also happen to
think Matisse is the greatest painter of the day. Is he
an exponent of violence, irrationality, sensationalism
or 'unwholesome romanticism'? Or is Cubism that?
For 1 think Cubism the highest school of painting in
our century (emphasis added).

It is notable that Greenberg has had to admit Matisse's greatness, not

on the basis of highest historical importance, but in terms of quality
and in terms of--surprisingly--his content or significance in the broadest
sense. The latter point had been made a year earlier when the critic
defended Matisse's hedonism as a form of positivism and materialism:

Positivism and materialism when they be co me

pessimistic turn into hedonism, usually. The
pathbreakers of the School of Paris, Matisse, Picasso,
and Miro too ... began to provide [pleasure]. But
whereas the surrealists and the neo-romantics
conceived of pleasure in terms of sentimental subject
matter, Matisse, Picasso, and those who followed
them saw it principally in luscious color, rich
surfaces, decoratively inflected design. In Matisse's
hands this hedonism signifies at times something
quite other than the decadence many other people
think to see in it. ... his new [1946] still lifes,
benefiting at last by post-Cubism, mark one more
peak of Matisse's art. Their controlled sensuality,
their careful sumptuousness, prove that the flesh is as
INIRODUcnON lxxi

capable of virtue as the soul and can enjoy itself with

equal rigor (emphasis in the original).94

Thus Greenberg considered Matisse to be profoundly in touch with the

most fundamental tenor of the century, its pessimistic materialism
transmuted into hedonism. Greenberg paralleIs Aragon's nearly
contemporaneous "Apologie du Luxe," which lauds Matisse's hedonism
in terms of its materialist utopian vision.
Far from representing a "bourgeois sensibility" as Huyghe had
maintained, Greenberg claims that Matisse escaped it by his "cold
hedonism and ruthless exclusion of everything but the concrete,
immediate sensation [which] will in the future, once we are away from
the present Zeitgeist, be better understood as the most profound mood
of the first half of the twentieth century.,,95 Already in 1948, be fore he
had seen Matisse' s late cut-outs, his 1947-1948 paintings such as Red
Studio, or his large brush-and-ink drawings at the Pierre Matisse
Gallery in 1949, Greenberg had credited the urge to large-scale work
among Americans to the interest in Matisse's color and Picasso's
drawing and composition:

Here in America there is also a general recognition

among the most advanced young painters that Matisse
and Picasso are indispensable to a great contemporary
style but, in distinction to the French, they inc\ine to
accept more of Matisse than of Picasso. In
Greenwich Village the attempt is being made to create
a larger-scale easel art by expanding Matisse' shot
color, raised several degrees in intensity, into the
bigger, more simplified compositional schemes
which he himself usually reserved for blacks, greys,

94 Greenberg, The Nation (June 29, 1946); cited in O'Brian,

"Greenberg's Matisse," 153.
95 Greenberg, The Nation (June 7, 1947), cited In O'Brian,
"Greenberg's Matisse," 159.
lxxii lNT'RODUcnON

and blues--all of this to be articulated and varied with

the help of Picasso's calligraphy.96

Of course, by the mid-sixties all of these observations had

come to pass, both in abstract expressionism and color field painting.
Greenberg was able to assess Matisse's influence on young American
painters even more succinctly in his review-essay written on the
occasion ofthe 1966 Los Angeles retrospective, in which the full range
of Matisse's achievement could be seen (although only one large paper
cut-out, The Sheaf [1953], was shown).97 Greenberg begins by
reasserting his claim to Matisse's quality and adds to it the French
painter's ability to teach. "[Matissel establishes a relevant and abiding
standard of quality ... he teils us in our time, more pertinently than
any other master can, what the art of painting is fundamentally about"
(emphasis in the original). Greenberg regards Fauvism as an
"unfinished" movement, interrupted by the impact of Cubism and
resumed toward the end of Matisse's life. Fauvism is developed to its
limits in Matisse's late 1947-1948 oils and in his paper cut-outs. 1t
ends where Cubism ends, according to Greenberg, in "altogether flat
abstract art," a post-cubist mode. Between these two Fauve epochs,
though not producing work in the 1920s that "advance[sl the historical
front of art," Greenberg affirms, Matisse nevertheless produced work
that included some canvases of "matchless perfection"; for example,
White Plumes (1919), The Artist and his Model (1919), and Still Life
with Three Vases (1935).
Greenberg explicates a notion of Matisse's "touch" in which
tactility operates (in the thin, stained, "breathing" pigment-application)
to project pure opticality and weightlessness. He also lauds Matisse's
cool deliberation that precedes execution, leaving the latter with the
charm of spontaneity, of a "slapdash" look. The oxymorons are fresh--
deliberative intuition, rigorous enjoyment, cold hedonism--but
Greenberg joins his French counterpart Jean Cassou, for example, in

96 Greenberg, "The Situation of the Moment," Partisan Review

(January 1948), cited in O'Brian, Greenberg, Collected Essays, vol. 2,
194.
97 Clement Greenberg, "Matisse in 1966," Boston Museum Bulletin
64, 366 (1966): 66-76.
IN1RODUCIlON lxxiii

ceding to Matisse both terms of these contrasting characteristics: the

Apollonian center.
In 1973, Greenberg again synthesizes his views on Matisse in
an essay, "Influences of Matisse," written for an Acquavella Galleries
Matisse exhibition. 98 Here the critic again lists Matisse's "aerated"
color touches as an important example for young painters but also the
centrifugal opening out of Matisse's compositions toward an "all-over"
centerless state, proper to mural painting. For Greenberg, this
expansiveness makes the viewer continually aware of the "taut
continuum of the picture surface." This quality was of crucial
importance to Greenberg's theory of the progressive self-consciousness
of twentieth-century art about its constitutive elements. Greenberg is
rare in seeing at this time the influence on young painters of Matisse's
cool, "post-prismatic" color (as in Rose Marble Table or Bathers by a
River), not the hot, saturated hues of Fauvism.
Greenberg also praises Matisse's coolness, modesty, and
courage in not c\aiming for art more than it could offer; for rejecting the
versions of "cant and fake feeling" and rhetoric common in his day.
Greenberg says that the work itself speaks--through "form" and the
"feeling" that the form expresses in an unrhetorical and honest way.
Sincerity, quality, command of his medium and his means--this most
formalist and influential American critic has not strayed so far from
earlier French criteria in his evaluation of Matisse' s contribution to
modem art.
A new voice on Matisse was heard in the introduction to the
Museum of Modern Art's 1966 selective exhibition, Matisse, Sixty-
Jour Paintings. Lawrence Gowing, distinguished British painter,
teacher, and art historian, expanded that show's essay, "Matisse,
Harmony of Light," for the major Matisse Retrospective mounted by
the Tate Gallery in 1968. (A further development of this text resulted in
the 1979 monograph, Matisse .)99 Gowing's text shows an

98 element Greenberg, "Influences of Matisse," Henri Matisse

(New York: Acquavella Gallery, 1973); exhibition catalogue.
99 Lawrence Gowing, Sixty-Four Paintings (New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1966), exhibition catalogue; idem, Henri Matisse: a
Retrospective Exhibition (London: Hayward Gallery, 1968),
exhibition catalogue; idem, Matisse (London, New York: Thames and
Hudson, Oxford University Press, 1979).
lxxiv INfRODUcnON

extraordinary sensitivity to the psychological makeup of Matisse as a

man and integrates that understanding into his analysis of Matisse's
search for the equivalent of light through color. Gowing explores
Matisse' s complicated psychic combination of timidity and
stubbornness, repression and ruthlessness, for its effect on the
controIIed, yet ecstatic, sensuousness of his pictorial production.
Gowing is at his best analyzing particular works with breathtaking
virtuosity. He is also remarkably astute in penetrating the formal
bourgeois mask that the artist habitually presented to the world,
without descending to a vulgar psychologizing. "Looking to the end of
the story," writes Gowing, "we can see that at root [Matissel was
demanding not less than the independent abstract re-creation of ideal
conditions of existence--states of visible perfection from which the least
possibility of physical frustration was eliminated."
Gowing's catalogue and the Tate exhibit itself produced a
lively dialogue among artists about Matisse. Andrew Forge, Howard
Hodgkin, and PhiIlip King argued Matisse's relevance in print in the
Studio, discussing such matters as the "systemless" nature of Matisse's
achievement, his care for "how the figure behaves" incJuding the
"figures" in the paper cut-outs, his persistence in returning to sensation
as a starting pi ace, the physicality of his color, and the contrast between
Matisse's and American painters' use of color. 100 GeneraIly laudatory,
their opinions were chaIlenged by Robert MelviIle in the Architectural
Review. 101 MelviIle thought that Matisse's choice of rare and beautiful
objects to paint, places hirn in the realm of interior decoration; he
disliked the faciIe Art Nouveau curves that render so me of Matisse's
compositions shaIlow in more ways than one. He also thinks Gowing
exaggerates Matisse's color effects, remarking that Gowing seems to
desire a "psychedelic binge" of oceanic immersion in color and then to
persuade hirnself that he finds it in Matisse's work.
Another young British artist, the sculptor WiIliam Tucker,
responds to Matisse's sculpture at the Waddington GaIlery in 1969 in a
remarkable catalogue essay that would become the nucJeus of aseries of
articJes in 1970 and then part of a book on modern sculpture in

100 Andrew Forge, Howard Hodgkin, and Phillip King, "Relevance of

Matisse: a Discussion," Studio 176 (July 1968): 9-17.
101 Robert MelviIle, "Matisse," Architectural Review 144 (Gctober
1968): 292-94.
INTRODUcnON lxxv

1974. 102 In the essay, Tucker first sketches out his theory about the
tactile and the visual, the "grasped" and the "seen" in Matisse sculpture.
These aspects normally work in tension and at cross-purposes to one
another, but Matisse brings them into dynamic resolution in his best
pieces. Tucker also suggests Matisse's relevance to "perceptual" (that
is, minimal) sculpture, where content and fabrication are less dominant
stimulants to the sculptor. While concentrating with a practitioner's
astuteness on the sculpture itself, Tucker isolates it neither from
Matisse's major project, painting, nor from his drawing.
Tucker's brilliant analysis of Matisse's work, along with a
series of articles on Matisse's sculpture by Albert E. Elsen in 1968,
opens the door to further work on the artist's sculpture. The only
monograph on Matisse's sculpture, the indispensable scholarly study by
Albert E. Elsen, The Sculpture of Henri Matisse, arevision and
expansion of his earlier artic1es, appeared in in 1972. 103 (Alicia
Legg's comprehensive catalogue essay for a major exhibition of
Matisse's sculpture at the Museum ofModern Art appeared in the same
year.) Elsen brings his formidable knowledge of Rodin and
nineteenth- century sculptural practice to bear on his study of Matisse's
three-dimensional oeuvre. Elsen' s thorough, percepti ve, and
comprehensive treatment of the fuH range of Matisse's sculptural
output has been complemented by the Catalogue raisonne of the
sculpture, published in 1996. 104
The literature on Matisse's sculpture had always been minor.
One might cite a few outstanding articles during the artist's lifetime:
Gaston Poulain's "Sculpture d'Henri Matisse" (1930); L10yd Goodrich's

102 William Tucker, "The Sculpture of Matisse," Henri Matisse,

1869-1954, Sculpture (London: Waddington Gallery, 1969), exhibition
catalogue; idem, "Four Sculptors: Part 3: Matisse," Studio
international (September 1970): 82-87; idem, "Matisse's Sculpture:
The Grasped and the Seen," Art in America 63 (July-August 1975):
62-68.
103 Albert E. Elsen, The Sculpture of Henri Matisse (New York:
Abrams, 1972); Alicia Legg, The Sculpture of Henri Matisse (New
York: Museum of Modern Art, 1972); exhibition catalogue.
104 Claude Duthuit, Henri Matisse--catalogue raisonne des ouvrages
sculptes. Paris: Ed. by the author with the collaboration of Fran~oise
Garnaud and preface by Yve-Alain Bois, 1996 (forthcoming).
lxxvi INTRODUCTION

"Matisse's Sculpture" (1931); P.-L. Rinuy's "1907: Naissance de la

sculpture moderne, le renouveau de la taille directe en France" (1933);
Pierre Gueguen's "Sculpture d'un grand peintre" (1938); Jean Cassou's
introduction to a 1953 Tate Gallery exhibition, The Sculpture 0/ Henri
Matisse and Three Paintings with Studies; and a review of that
exhibition by David Sylvester, "The Sculpture of Matisse" (1953).105
Good overview essays include B. Hüttinger and U. Lindes's Introduction
to the catalogue Henri Matisse, Das Plastische Werk (1959); Herbert
Read's "The Sculpture of Henri Matisse" from the Los Angeles 1966
Retrospective; and Hilton Kramer's review of that exhibition "Matisse
as a Sculptor" (1966).1 06 In general, critics have feit more free to offer
negative evaluations of certain of Matisse's sculptures or to see the
entire sculptural oeuvre as insignificant or minor--either with respect to
the artist' s overall achievement or to the history of modern sculpture.
Not until more comprehensive shows of the sculpture and some close
analysis of specific works did more favorable evaluations emerge.
In the late 1960s, work that dealt with specific aspects of
Matisse's work, either iconographically or stylistically, beg an to be
published, and this continued strongly into the 1970s. A case in point
is Carla Gottlieb's 1964 intensive art historical study of "The Role of
the Window in the .Art of Matisse," in which the author treats the
theme ofthe window in European art, in Matisse's work in general, and
in a wide variety of his individual works. She also treats the motif in
symbolist literature as a model or equivalent of modern art itself. l 07
Equally significant is the beginning of close analysis of the
development of the artist's style in Jack Flam's important study

105 Gaston Poulain, "Sculpture d'Henri Matisse," Formes 9

(November 1930): 9-10; Lloyd Goodrich, "Matisse's Sculpture," Arts
17 (February 1931): 253-55; Paul-Louis Rinuy, "1907: Naissance de la
sculpture moderne, le renouveau de la taille directe en France," Histoire
de ['art 3 (1933): 67-76; Pierre Gueguen, "Sculpture d'un grand
peintre," XXeme siede 4 (1938); Jean Cassou, The Sculpture 0/
Henri Matisse and Three Paintings with Studies (London: Tate Gallery,
1953), exhibition catalogue; David Sylvester, "The Sculpture of
Matisse," Country Life 113 (January 23, 1953): 224.
106 Hilton Kramer, "Matisse as a Sculptor," Bulletin 0/ the Boston
Museum 0/ Fine Arts 64,336 (1966): 49-65.
107 Carla Gottlieb, "The Role of the Window in the Art of Matisse,"
Journal 0/ Aesthetics and Art Criticism 22 (Summer 1964): 393-422.
lNlRODUCI10N lxxxvii

garde (arguably male-dominated) forms of collage. 122 The lowly status

of the decorative had been equated with the "feminine" in twentieth-
century art, and Schapiro, as a feminist, intends to invest it with
"human, social, and political significance" in her large-scale, boldly
colored and patterned, pasted compositions. Broude discusses Matisse
and Kandinsky as examples of male artists who came to abstraction by
way of the decorative, the former being credited with more openly
acknowledging this and being more "androgynous" with regard to the
decorative.
Also feminist in its treatment of Fauvism, Cubism, and
German Expressionism is Carol Duncan' s articIe "Virility and
Domination in Early Twentieth Century Vanguard Painting." 123
Duncan analyzes the habitual use of a female model, often a barely
disguised mistress or prostitute, in recIining or supine positions, as
significant for the analysis of a masculinist and sexualized view of
artistic creative power, in which the female is also the subject of that
power in social, sexual, and economic ways. In modem art, idealized
female beauty is forthrightly relinquished for a more naked sexuality--
the province of the earthy, self-affirming, instinctual artist who fulfills
his appetites and impulses. The male's response is made the "general"
response. Duncan partially excludes Matisse from her harshest
criticism because of Matisse's tendency to, again, androgynize the
figure, especially in works such as Joy of Life.
Margaret Werth's study, "Engendering Imaginary Modernism:
Henri Matisse's Bonheur de Vivre" is a far more poststructuralist, even
postmodern, analysis of the same painting, Joy of Life. 124 Werth's
essay is part of a larger study of Western art's complex use of the

122 Norma Broude, "Miriam Schapiro and 'Femmage': Reflections on

the Conflict Between Decoration and Abstraction in the Twentieth-
Century Art," Feminism and Art History, Questioning the Litany
(New York: Harper and Row, 1982), edited by Norma Broude and Mary
D. Garrard.
123 Carol Duncan, "Virility and Domination in Early Twentieth
Century Vanguard Painting," Artforum (December 1973): 30-39,
reprinted (revised) in Feminism and Art History, edited by Norma
Broude and Mary D. Garrard.
124 Margaret Werth, "Engendering Imaginary Modernism: Henri
Matisse's Bonheurde Vivre, .. Genders 9 (Fall 1990): 49-74.
lxxviii INrRODUCTION

powerful group of museum curators and private scholars was assembled.

Together they would be the major force behind the powerful surge of
Matisse exhibitions and accompanying scholarship of the next two
decades.
The course of contemporary art and of formalist art criticism in
the 1950s and 1960s thus brought about an appreciation of Matisse as
an innovator in the fields of color, planarity, and tactile surface and of
composition through shape, edge, and serial repetition. Although
these views privileged the early and late works ofMatisse (pre-1917,
post-1931), these formalist grounds allowed the early Nice works to be
valued by American and British writers on the basis of the same criteria,
as we have seen in Barr, Greenberg, and Gowing. Although Matisse's
subject matter and sensibility saved hirn from being considered an
emptily "decorative" artist, these aspects of his work also blocked his
entry to the pantheon of "pure" abstractionists or non-objective artists,
except insofar as the critics themselves could do the "abstracting" by
ignoring or downplaying image and content in the artist's work.

V
Reassessments, 1970 -1993:
From the Centenary Exhibition to the Museum of Modern Art
Retrospective.

In the late sixties and early seventies, a sea-change of attitude

toward art and art writing occurred on both sides of the Atlantic, partly
in response to the cultural reevaluations and social changes of the
period. An existentialist frame of reference gave way in France to that
of structuralism and Iinguistic formalism, while the dominance of
Sartrean literature of political engagement was swept away by post-
1968 radical activisms. Some aspects of Greenbergian formalism were
received in France as a refreshing alternate model of theory and critical
style. In the Uni ted States minimalism and conceptual art had replaced
the romanticism of Abstract Expressionism as the reigning esthetic
paradigm. A revolutionary neo-Dada, which had coexisted with the
more intellectual minimalism and conceptualism, itself gave way to a
new interest in cybernetics and the electronic information explosion,
and to race and gender issues.
Matisse studies were caught up in this change at first in a
fairly limited way. Attention to Matisse was rekindled by two events
INrRODuenON lxxix

of the early 1970s. The first was the 1970 major retrospective in Paris,
Henri Matisse, Exposition du Centenaire, organized by Pierre Schneider
with the cooperation of the Matisse heirs. The second was the
publication of separate French and English collections of Matisse' s
writings and interviews: Dominque Fourcade's Henri Matisse, Ecrits et
propos sur l'art (1972) and lack D. Flam's Matisse on Art (1973).109
The Paris centenary exhibition of Matisse's birth, with important
works drawn from Russian as weIl as American collections, exposed the
French and European public to the full range of Matisse's more
"abstract" works from the early and late periods and demonstrated their
importance for the history of twentieth-century art. By means of the
collected writings, moreover, Matisse's own voice could be heard once
more explicating the premises of his art, outlining the stages of his
research, insisting on the sincerity and laboriousness of his efforts.
Schneider, Flam, and Fourcade were all to be major interpreters of
Matisse for the following two decades.
Pierre Schneider--poet, critic, former secretary to Georges
Duthuit, and writer for Tel Quel, the anti-Sartrean journal of letters that
propagated structuralism and the nouveau roman from 1960 on--evolved
a reading of Matisse's themes and processes that was fully disc10sed
only in his 1994 monograph, Matisse (Flammarion, 1984, rev. 1993)
but that was first sketched in his 1970 catalogue for the Matisse
Centenary show. Schneider makes a case for Matisse's revolutionary
credentials on new grounds. He quotes the arch-revolutionary Marcel
Duchamp (who had presided over his own neo-Dada revival in the
1960s); Duchamp had said that "the greatest of all is Matisse."
According to Schneider, Matisse, like Duchamp at the beginning of the
century, recognized the bankruptcy of post-Renaissance art. But
whereas Duchamp mounted a negative critique, Matisse constructed a
new solution. The old esthetic based on beauty and on imitation was
rejected by Matisse in favor of one based on intuition and feeling, on
the goal of well-being and service to the "greater spiritual family."
Matisse's language, Schneider observes, is the language of
relationships--metaphors, analogies, and equivalents, all of which bridge
both the gap between things and that between art and life. "I do not
paint things, " Schneider quotes Matisse as saying, " 1 paint the
harmony between things." Matisse also painted (and effected in the act

109 Schneider, Fourcade, and Flam, notes 2 and 3.

lxxx INfRODuenON

of painting) the harmonious identification of hirnself with the world.

Unity with nature and release from the ego's demands are the result.
"Rapport is the kinship between things, it is the common language; the
rapport is love, yes, love," Matisse insisted. The enclosed world of
goldfish in glass bowls and the transparent substance of the window are
two of Matisse's most beloved motifs; according to Schneider, they are
places where the separation between interior and exterior is visually and
psychologically bridged. In Matisse's later work, metaphoric images
are further reduced to the terseness and clarity of signs.
Schneider turns the viewer' s attention to the emotional
richness, the content, and the function of Matisse' s art. He deals with
these issues in a free and fluid interpretation of Matisse's oeuvre as a
text, a signifying whole that invites a ruminative reading. In a study
that is thematic rather than chronological, he probes for the fundamental
structural patterns that underlie the whole enterprise of Matisse' s
artmaking. Schneider maintains that Matisse sublimates sensory
impressions into sacred epiphanies; Matisse uses "mindless" decoration
to achieve mind-enhancing states of bliss. Schneider' s psychological
profile of the artist as a seeker of something analogous to religious
contemplation is accompanied by much new biographical data, excerpts
from unpublished letters, and previously unpublished material,
including art works, from the Matisse family archives.
The author pursues his theme in his important 1975 article
"Striped Pajama Icon [ConversationJ," where the painting is viewed as
an instance of the artist's ability to reveal in the everyday domestic
event, the point where the "what" of bourgeois reality and the "how" of
modern painting lose their tension in a harmony of opposites. 1 10
Schneider interprets Matisse's mythological themes in the light of the
Golden Age, the religion of happiness, in his catalogue essay for the
1981 exhibition Henri Matisse. Das Goldene Zeitalter. 111 Schneider's
wise and weighty (it runs to nearly 800 pages) monograph Matisse was

110 Pierre Schneider, "Striped Pajama Icon," Art in America 63, 4

(July 1975): 76-82.
111 Pierre Schneider, Henri Matisse. Das Goldene Zeitalter
(Bielefeld: Kunsthalle, 1981); exhibition catalogue.
INIRODUrnON lxxxi

received in 1984 as a major publishing event, feit at every level of

Matisse scholarship during the next ten years. 112
Closely following upon the 1970 centenary catalogue, Louis
Aragon's two-volume work Matisse: roman appeared in 1971.
Aragon 's study, like Schneider' s later book (both were published
simultaneously in French and English), is poetic, personal, and partisan
in its interpretation of Matisse's work. Whereas Schneider's thesis
everywhere informs his discussion of the artist, Aragon 's text is more
heterogeneous and occasional. The book contains previously published
articles and new essays, with marginal comments recorded by Matisse
himself on the essays that were published during his lifetime. It treats
art and the poetic project in a more general way, with Matisse and
Aragon himself as exemplifying the practice of art. The overriding note
in Aragon's book is wonder--at Matisse's sensibility and sagacity, and a
secret and smiling complicity between one creative artist and another.
Both Aragon and Schneider allow themselves speculations, divagations,
and interpretive flights foreign to more empirically minded American art
historians. It is a kind of post-structuralism avant La Lettre, a free play
with the text "Matisse" by literary men writing their own open texts.
Another such open reading of Matisse's work (and written
texts) was Marcelin Pleynet's "Systeme de Matisse," published in
1972. Informed by binary structuralist polarities such as scientific/
subjective, active invention/ passive copy, subject (self)/ model (other),
matter/ essence, exposure/ repression, gramm ar/ preverbal image,
painted woman/ mother, Pleynet's semiotic and psychoanalytic analysis
of Matisse's "system" considers fully his sexuality (desire) and his
language (signs). After a rumination on Matisse's life, work, and
writings, the author claims that Matisse's "program" negotiates these
creative and critical oppositions, weaving a tissue of contradictions into
an interlocked whole, reflected in his name: Ma-tisse. Pleynet
continued to write on Matisse in the following decades, culminating in
his monograph Henri Matisse, Qui etes-vous? (Lyons: La
Manufacture, 1988).
When the writings of Matisse were published in French in
Dominique Fourcade's invaluable collection and in English in lack

112 Pierre Schneider, Matisse (Paris: Flammarion, 1984); Eng. ed.,

Matisse (New York: Rizzoli, 1984); reissued with slight revision and
a new preface, Flammarion and Rizzoli, 1993.
lxxxii INIRODUcnON

Flam' s fine anthology, the effect was as stunning as the Centenary

show. Entire issues of La Nouvelle revue jranr;aise and XXe siecle
(1970), Critique (1974), Arts Magazine and Art in America (1975)
were devoted to the Matisse exhibition and/or texts. Fourcade's
collection facilitates thematic study by being indexed according to
topics such as Inconscient, Fenetre, Espace, and Divin. The footnotes
are also rich in citations that could be quoted only in short excerpts for
"fair use," or from letters. Flam's anthology, on the other hand,
contains only relatively long, published texts, but each is preceded by a
substantial introductory note and accompanied by informative
footnotes. The whole is also preceded by an excellent synthesizing
preface on the artist' s career and is followed by a post-1951
bibliography.
Jean-Claude Lebensztejn' s intricate structuralist review-essay
of both books, "Les Textes du Peintre," and Yve-Alain Bois's semiotic
analysis of them, "Legendes de Matisse," both appeared in the special
issue of Critique of 1974. 113 Lebensztejn's analysis includes a
discussion of three aspects of Matisse' s color: its auto-referentiality; its
ability to function only by means of relations, that is, syntagmatically;
and color's constructive properties that ultimately, in Matisse's work,
merge with "drawing," to create an expanding visual fjeld that overflows
and tests the limits of painting and of art itself. Bois, formerly a
student of Roland Barthes, also scrutinizes the artist's texts and works
under a semiotic lens through aseries of evocative concepts, such as
Labyrinth, Limit, Window, Structure, and Return, among others.
Through these, he explores the paintings in terms of language and
silence, of fluid or fixed (transparent) signs, and of the artist' s
"doubleness" in both his writing and his art. Already present in this
early study are the ideas that Bois would unpack and develop in later
important articles on Matisse: "Matisse Redrawn" and "Matisse and
'Arche-drawing'." 114

113 Critique 30,324 (May 1974).

114 Yve-Alain Bois, "Matisse Redrawn," Art in America 73
(September 1985): 126-31; idem, "Matisse and 'Arche-Drawing',"
Painting as Model (Cambridge, London: MIT Press, 1990). Other
articles of note on the texts are Kate Linker's "Matisse and the
Language of Signs" and Mark Roskill's "Matisse on His Art and What
INIRODUenON lxxxiii

Untouched to a greater or lesser extent by the interdisciplinary

currents of French structuralism and post-structuralism, important
traditional art historical studies appeared in the 1970s and 1980s, one in
the guise of a biographical monograph, others as catalogues of the
major Matisse collections, and still others in exhibition catalogues. The
last inc1ude Matisse in Morocco; Matisse, the Early Years in Nice; and
Matisse, the Paper Cut-Outs, each of which investigates very particular,
under-researched aspects of Matisse' s oeuvre. In 1986 lack D. Flam
produced the first volume of Matisse, the Man and His Art, 1869-1918,
the most ambitious art historical study of Matisse since Alfred Barr' s
comprehensive monograph of some thirty-five years earlier. 115 The
first of a projected two-volume study, Flam's parallel title betrays an
objecti ve similar to Barr' s. Flam works his way chronologically
through Matisse's life and career, detailing influences, developments of
style, and personal crises. He also pauses to analyze in some detail
particular works or groups of work, both iconographically and
stylistically, in all media. Biography, history, style history,
interpretive analysis of works, and psychological analysis of the
producing artist--all are woven into a relatively seamless narrative.
Flam impressively adds new information on Matisse's personal life,
corrects dating of specific works, offers counter-arguments to existing
interpretations.
The same kind of traditional art historical research was
deployed in collection catalogues. Under John Elderfield, The Museum
of Modern Art produced an exemplary catalogue in 1979 Matisse in the
Collection of the Museum of Modern Art, where each work in the
collection is carefully discussed and documented. Equally comprehensive
are the catalogues from the other major Matisse collections: Isabelle
Monod-Fontaine's Matisse: Collections du Musee Nationale d'Art
Moderne (1979), substantially enlarged with Anne Baldassari in 1989
as Matisse: Oeuvres de Henri Matisse du Musee Nationale d'Art
Moderne; A. Izerghina's Henri Matisse, Paintings and Sculpture in
Soviet Museums (1978); Dominique Fourcade's Matisse au Musee de

He Did Not Say" in Arts Magazine 49, 9 (May 1975): 76-78 and 62-
63.
115 lack D. Flam, Matisse, the Man and His Art, 1869-1918 (Ithaca
and London: Cornell University Press, Thames and Hudson, 1986).
lxxxiv lNTRODUCTION

Grenoble (1975); and Brenda Richardson's Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta
Cone: the Cone Collection oj the Baltimore Museum oj Art (1985).
Within the art world in the 1970s, the "decorative" became a
major topic, both as a vital and controversial aspect of contemporary art
practice and as an underlying construct that shaped Matisse's esthetic.
The 1977 exhibition Henri Matisse, the Paper Cut-Outs (shown in
Washington, D.C., Detroit, and Saint Louis) was, therefore, extremely
timely.116 The dazzling display of all the major works in the medium
could not have been more relevant in a decade in which contemporary
"pattern painting" challenged both the high-minded posture of
politically engaged art and the lingering hegemony of abstract art (seen
to be implicitly gender-specified as male).
The Matisse catalogue confines itself to the role of the cut-
outs in Matisse's oeuvre. John Hallmark Neffs essay, "Matisse, His
Cut-Outs and the Ultimate Method," demonstrates the synthetic and
culminating quality of the works, c1aiming that Matisse, in the gesture
of cutting, integrated his action with his conception, attaining creation
in pure process. Dominique Fourcade, on the other hand, in his
catalogue contribution "Something Else" terms admirable the courage
of Matisse in tackling an entirely new project but finds the results
somewhat less than fully successful. Jack F1am's essay in the same
catalogue is confined to Matisse's seminal paper cut-out work, Jazz,
newly appreciated for the richness of its iconography, the variety of its
color-composition solutions, and the depth of its text, written by the
artist. The catalogue, introduced by Jack Cowart, includes self-
sufficient paper cut-outs, maquettes, works transposed into other
materials, and cut-outs used in graphic designs. Richly illustrated with
documentary photos (as weil as the works exhibited) and carefully
annotated, the catalogue is a model of intelligent scholarship. Also
included is a "Technical Appendix" by Antoinette King on the
conservation of these often-fragile works and a "Documents Appendix"
of letters concerning the cut-outs from Matisse to patrons, curators,
dealers, and writers.

116 Henri Matisse. the Paper Cut-Outs (Washington, D. c., 1977.

The Bern exhibition of 1959 had been quickly followed by the Paris
Musee des Arts Decoratifs and New York MoMA shows of 1961: Henri
Matisse. les grandes gouaches decoupees (Paris: Musee des Arts
Decoratifs, 1961) and The Last Works oj Henri Matisse, Large Cut
Gouaches (New York: Museum ofModern Art, 1961).
INIRODUCI10N lxxxv

The history of Matisse's early decorative commissions had

been opened up by John Hallmark Neff in his dissertation, parts of
which were published in the mid-1970s. A two-part article, "Matisse
and Decoration," sketches changing views of the decorative as found in
manuals of the period on the decorative arts (with surprising paralleIs to
Matisse's formulations). Neff also discusses the decorative nature of
the Shchukin commissions leading up to the Dance and Music panels.
A second article, "Matisse and Decoration: the Shchukin Panels,"
expands our understanding of the iconography of Dance and Music.
establishing for the first time that Matisse's Bathers by the River
(1916) was originally projected as the third panel in this series. Two
decorative commissions by Matisse, long forgotten or unknown, were
brought to light by Neff in "An Early Ceramic Triptych [Nymph and
Satyr] by Henri Matisse," and "Matisse's Forgotten Stained Glass
Commission." 117 Neff' s original research is crucial in establishing the
artist's very early involvement with the applied arts.
The significance of the decorative for early modernism is
extensively traced by Joseph Masheck in his article "The Carpet
Paradigm: Critical Prolegomena to a Theory of Flatness." Masheck
traces the metaphor of the "Persia carpet" for those qualities of flatness
of design, objectlessness, and formal beauty that are to be found in late
nineteenth-and twentieth-century proto-abstract art. 118 Rich in
references to the history of design as weIl as of painting (subtly
distinguishing yet entwining the two) and in references to literature of
the period, Masheck's study examines the "carpet paradigm,"
inextricably linking the abstract to the decorative, until its decline in
the era of Cubism. While not specifically on Matisse, the study has
many applications to Matisse's work, as does Stephen Levine's "Decorl

117 John H. Neff, "Matisse and Decoration, an Introduction, Part I,"

Arts Magazine 49 (May 1975): 59-61 and "Matisse and Decoration,
Part 11," (June 1975): 85; idem, "Matisse and the Shchukin Panels,"
Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 38-48; idem, "An Early
Ceramic Triptych by Henri Matisse," Burlington Magazine 114
(December 1973) 848-53, and "Matisse's Forgotten Stained Glass
Commission," ibid., 114 (December 1972): 867-70.
118 Joseph Masheck, "The Carpet Paradigm: Critical Prolegomena to
a Theory ofFlatness," Arts Magazine 51 (September 1976): 93-110.
lxxxvi INTRODuenON

DecorativelDecoration in Claude Monet's Art." 119 The latter study on

the changing valuation of the decorative during the Symbolist period
has immense implications for understanding Matisse's investment of
decoration with significant content, a possibility Levine shows as
present in Matisse's early artistic milieu.
An art historian of Islarnic art, Amy Goldin, some of whose
students became known as "Pattern Painters" in the 1970s, also wrote
on Matisse's work from the standpoint of the decorative. Her essay,
"Matisse and Decoration: the Late Cut-Outs," boldly confronts the
differences between decoration and omamentation and between decorative
genres (bland, contentIess, intercultural) and pictorial ones (focused,
content laden, culture specific).120 She claims for Matisse a risky
turning from one mode to the other--not entirely successfully, in
Goldin's judgment, as she notes that Matisse was not naturally adept in
pattern-making, but more ski lIed in handling the field-and-frame
problems of large mural surfaces. Subsequent articles by Goldin,
"Patterns, Grids, and Paintings" and "The Body Language of Pictures,"
pursue this issue in a more general way. The latter article responds to
Dominique Fourcade's critical assessment (in Henri Matisse, the Paper
Cut-Outs) of the failure of Matisse's paper cut-outs to achieve a
satisfactory spatiality and to integrate color and line. 121 Stimulated by
Fourcade's critique of Matisse, Golden explores formal questions
fundamental to evaluating Matisse's late work.
Decorative issues drew Matisse somewhat into the politics of
feminism as weIl. In the 1970s some women artists used pattern,
mural scale, and "dressmaking" materials as achallenge to the high art
conventions of self-referential, minimalist abstraction. In "Miriam
Schapiro and 'Fernrnage' : Reflections on the Conflict Between
Decoration and Abstraction in Twentieth-Century Art," Norma Broude
discusses the work of Miriam Schapiro, who invented the term
"fernrnage" to distinguish the collage format she uses from other avant-

119 Stephen Z. Levine, "Decor / Decorative / Decoration in Claude

Monet's Art," Arts Magazine 51 (February 1977): 136-39.
120 Amy Goldin, "Matisse and Decoration: the Late Cut-Outs," Art
in America 63 (July-August 1975): 49-59.
121 Amy Goldin, " Patterns, Grids and Paintings," Artforum 14, 1
(September 1975): 50-54; idem, "The Body Language of Pictures,"
Artforum 16,7 (March 1978): 54-59.
!N1RODUenON lxxvii

"Matisse in 1911: At the Crossroads of Modern Painting." 108 In this

artic1e, the author carefully investigates a number of works of that year,
inc1uding The Painter's Family, Interior with Eggplants, Goldfish and
Sculpture, The Red Studio and The Blue Window. He analyzes the
exact nature of Matisse' s response to Cubism in the invention of
another kind of spatial allusion, based on the deployment of pattern, the
use of single-color composition, and/or the structuring of composition
by grid-like zones.
Instead of overal1 assessments and broad generalizations, those
artic1es begin the real work of in-depth study of separable aspects of the
artist's considerable oeuvre. Two Ph.D. dissertations begun at this
juncture were to have repercussions in the next decades: lohn W.
Cowart's '''Ecoliers' to 'Fauves,' Matisse, Marquet, and Manguin
Drawings: 1890-1906" (lohns Hopkins University, 1972) and lohn
Hal1mark Neff' s "Matisse and Decoration, 1906-1914: Studies of the
Ceramics and the Commissions for Paintings and Stained Glass"
(Harvard University, 1974). The former study c10sely examines the
Beaux-Arts training in drawing undergone by these future Fauves and
analyzes the development of their drawing techniques in relation to the
comparable one in color usage that is more traditional1y associated with
Fauvism. Neffs study unearths a wealth of new data on Matisse's early
(and largely unknown or underrated) decorative works and situates this
work in the milieu that valued these works as fundamental to modernist
aspirations.
Neff and especial1y lack Cowart were to become important
agents in the effort to mount significant scholarly exhibitions on
aspects of Matisse's work in the next two decades. Both were involved
--along with lack Flam and Dominique Fourcade--in the Henri Matisse:
the Paper Cut-Outs show of 1977; Cowart and Fourcade mounted the
Matisse: the Early Years in Nice exhibition of 1986-87. With Pierre
Schneider, Cowart organized the Matisse in Morocco show of 1990,
enlisting the aid of lohn Elderfield of the Museum of Modern Art and
Albert Kostenevich, chief curator of modern art at the Hermitage
Museum in Leningrad. Thus, with the future col1aboration of Isabel1e
Monod-Fontaine of the Musee Nationale d' Art Moderne of Paris, a

108 lack D. Flam, "Matisse in 1911: At the Cross-Roads of Modern

Painting," Actes du XXlIe congres international d'histoire de l'art
(1969), vol 2. Budapest, 1972, 421-30.
lxxxviii INIRODUCI10N

utopic, the pastoral, and the Golden Age, a usage that often embodies
the tension between reposeful erotic pleasure and the social and
psychological demands of modern life. The sexual ambiguities of
Matisse's arcadian figures and the stylistic and emotional discrepencies
of the image, according to Werth, destabilize the viewer's position in
relating to the scene. Werth uses a psychoanalytic model to discuss
the projection of infantile fantasies of matern al seduction, castration,
and the primal scene in Matisse's figures from Joy 0/ Life.
Critiques of Matisse's subject matter, particularly his
Odalisques, multiplied with the1984 exhibition Henri Matisse, The
Early Years in Nice, 1916-1930. Some writers found it objectionable
on political grounds that the often scorned 1920s works received a
respectful and somewhat revisionist treatment in the exhibition
catalogue and that current taste (that of the figurative, pluralistic 1980s)
found the works pleasurable. The most forthright criticism was
mounted in "Matisse's Retour a l'Ordre," 125 by Kenneth Silver, for
whom these works pan der historically to the right-wing French
government's conservative "call to order." According to Silver, the
Odalisque paintings, one of which was purchased by the French
government in 1922, exemplify France's post-war exploitation of its
colonies, evoked by Matisse's harem-like settings. Silver also views
them as "anti-modern" because they reverse the pre-war impulse to
challenge the realist-impressionist "representation" of the bourgeois
world; he contrasts Matisse's pre-war male portraits painted in Morocco
with those of the ubiquitous idle females of the 1920s. Marilyn Board
joins Silver in seeing the Nice works as symptomatic of the pervasive
patriarchal dominance, colonialist imperialism, and psychosexual
fantasies of French culture of the period in her essay "Constructing
Myths and Ideologies in Matisse's Odalisques.'.J26
The issue was joined again with the Museum of Modern Art
exhibition Matisse in Morocco of 1990. Roger Benjamin takes up the
issue in "Matisse in Morocco: A Colonizing Esthetic?", in which the

125 Kenneth Silver, "Matisse's Retour a l'Ordre," Art in America

75,6 (June 1987): 110-23.
126 Marilyn Board, "Constructing Myths and Ideologies in Matisse's
Odalisques," Genders 5 (Summer 1989): 21-49.
IN1RODUCI10N lxxxix

question is weighed without ideological pre-judgment. 127 His subtle

review of the Moroccan work admits the stimulus of North Africa to
Matisse' s utopian thematics and his modern ist (painterly and
abstracting) style but suggests that the artist's use of the "Orient"
cannot be divorced from prevailing French attitudes towards the Third
World found in the ethnography, literature, painting, and photography
of the period.
Fauvism also has been treated from the viewpoint of the
political left, occasioned by the Los Angeles County Museum's
traveling exhibition The Fauve Landscape in 1990. 128 The catalogue
considers only the geography of the Fauve landscapes and townscapes,
which links them to those of Impressionism in choosing highly
popular and much photographed tourist sites. Wh at these vacation
spots mean--in terms of bourgeois leisure, the commercialization of
villages and sm all towns, the spoliation of the countryside by industry,
the packaging of "nature" for rapid consumption, and the nostalgic
longing for arcadian sites--are seen by the catalogue contributers in
social and political terms. Fauve paintings play to these bourgeois
tastes, it is maintained, while giving them a modern "fine art" gloss.
lames Herbert, one of the catalogue essayists, expands these
ideas in his book Fauve Painting, the Making oi Cultural Politics an
ambitious attempt to relate French chauvinist, colonialist, and
nationalist agendas to the work of Fauve painters. 129 Matisse' s
paintings, in particular, are seen to instantiate the pervasive
exploitation of others--women, North Africans, Negro culture--in the
deceptively neutral acts of gazing, painting, and vacationing. Roger
Benjamin, another contributor to the Fauve Landscape catalogue,
continues the discussion of these issues in his artic\e "The Decorative
Landscape, Fauvism, and the Arabesque of Observation," but proposes

127 Roger Benjamin, "Matisse in Morocco: A Colonizing

Esthetic?", Art in America 78, 11 (November 1990): 155-165,211,
213.
128 ludi Freeman, ed., The Fauve Landscape (Los Angeles and New
York: Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Abbeville Press, 1990),
with contributions by Roger Benjamin, lames D. Herbert, lohn Klein,
and Alvin Martin.
129 lames D. Herbert, Fauve Painting, the Making oi Cultural
Politics (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992).
XC INfRODUCTION

that one look more closely at the (highly artificial) conventions of

landscape to which the Fauve painters were heir, rather than
concentrating on the sites represented. I 30 He also discusses the
arabesque and its tradition as a decorative figure by which the landscape
is both abstracted and feminized.
In the scholarship of the last decades, art historians have more
fully explored the relationship between Fauvism and the art of Black
Africa, North Africa, and Persia. The pioneer work that traced this link
was Robert Goldwater's "The Primitivism of the Fauves," in his study
Primitivism and Modern Painting, first published in I 938 and
continuously in print since then. Jean Laude's study La Peinture
fram;aise (1905-1914) et 'L'Art negre' has also dealt searchingly with
the question in a subtle and balanced way. Finally, Jack Flam's
contribution "Matisse and the Fauves" presented new scholarship in the
superb two-volume catalogue for the controversial exhibition
"Primitivism" in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the
Modern of 1984. Flam's careful historical essay stays close to the
empirical data on the African works that Matisse owned or could have
examined and grounds his findings on close analyses of specific
works.l31
Although much fundamental research on Matisse remains to be
done, progress has been made since I 970. The Matisse heirs have
produced three partial catalogues raisonnes: on Matisse's prints, on the
books that he designed or illustrated, and on his sculpture. I 32 The

I 30 Roger Benjamin, "The Decorative Landscape, Fauvism, and the

Arabesque of Observation," The Art Bulletin 72, 2 (June I 993): 295-
316.
13 I Robert Goldwater, Primitivism and Modern Painting ( 1938),
enlarged as Primitivism and Modern Art (Cambridge, Mass. and
London: The Belknap Press of Harvard Universtiy, 1986); Jean Laude,
La Peinture franr;aise (1905-1914) et "L"Art negre," 2 vols. (Paris:
Editions Klincksieck, I 968); William Rubin, ed. , "Primitivism" in
20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and Modern, 2 vols. (New
York: Museum of Modern Art, 1984).
132 Marguerite Duthuit and Claude Duthuit, Henri Matisse:
Catalogue raisonne de /'oeuvre grave , with the collaboration of
Franc;oise Garnaud, preface by Jean Guichard-Meili. 2 vols. (Paris: C.
Duthuit, Imprimerie Union, 1983); Claude Duthuit, Henri Matisse:
Catalogue raisonne des ouvrages illustres , with the collaboration of
IN1RODUCI10N xci

dosest thing to a catalogue raisonne of the paintings is Mario Luzi and

Massimo Carra's L'Opera di Matisse: Dalla rivolta Fauve all'intimismo
1904-28, which is by no means complete or fully accurate but still
useful. 133 Some of Matisse's correspondence--with Pierre Bonnard,
CharIes Camoin, Theodore Pallady, among others--has been
published. 134
In Matisse 's "Notes 0/ a Painter," Criticism, Theory, and
Context, 1891 -1908, Roger Benjamin published a detailed study of
Matisse's most important essay, placing it in the context of "the
intellectual conditions which attended its production." 135 Benjamin
reviews the antecedant critical writings that affected Matisse's essay,
discusses the reception-history of the artist's work to which Matisse's
text responds, and elucidates the artist' s use of the word "expression" in
terms of its contemporary usage. This important work examines
Matisse's esthetic ideas in their historical framework against a
conditioning, but not determining, ground. A number of other
important studies document the artist's relation to specific artistic styles
or movements: John Golding's Matisse and Cubism (1978), which is
still the ur-text on this topic; Catherine C. Bock's Matisse and Neo-
Impressionism, 1898-1 908 (1981), a study which argues that

Franc;:oise Garnaud, introduction by Jean Guichard-Meili. (Paris:

Imprimerie Union, 1987), in French and EngIish; Claude Duthuit,
Henri Matisse: CataLogue raisonne des ouvrages scuLptes, with the
collaboration of Franc;:oise Garnaud, introduction by Yve-Alain Bois.
(Paris: Imprimerie Union, 1996).
133 Mario Luzi and Massimo Carra, L 'Opera di Matisse: DaLla
rivoLta Fauve aLL'intimismo, 1904-1928 (Milan: Rizzoli, 1971); Fr.
ed. , with new introduction by Pierre Schneider, Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de
Matisse 1904-1928 (Paris: Flammarion, 1982); Dutch ed. 1976.
134 Antoine Terrasse, ed., Bonnard-Matisse Correspondance (1925-
1946). preface by Jean Clair (Paris: Gallimard, 1991); English and
French ed., Bonnardl Matisse: Letters Between Friends, 1925-1946.
(New York: Abrams, 1992); Daniele Giraudy, ed., "Correspondance
Henri Matisse-Charles Camoin," La Revue de l'art 12 (1971): 7-34;
Barbu Brezianu, ed., "Correspondance Matisse-Pallady (extraits),"
SecoLuL 20, 6 (1965).
135 Roger Benjamin, Matisse 's "Notes 0/ a Painter," Criticism,
Theory, and Context, 1891-1908 (Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Research
Press, 1987).
xcii INIRODUcnON

pointilIism's "scientific" study of color was fundamental to Matisse's

relational use of it; Feveshteh Daftari's chapter on Matisse in Influence
0/ Persian Art on Gauguin, Matisse, and Kandinsky (1991), which
closely traces the actual Persian works the artist could have seen and
what he might have drawn from them; Kenneth Bendiner's "Matisse and
Surrealism" (1992), the first intensive study of the impact of Breton's
movement on Matisse's ideas and practice; and Albert Kostenevich's
and Natalya Semyonova's Matisse en Russie (1993, Eng. ed.,
Collecting Matisse), a close look at Matisse's dealings with his two
Russian patrons and his critics, with documentation drawn from
Russian archives. Matisse's paintings in the former Shchukin and
Morosov collections are given a fresh and penetrating review by
Kostenevich.
The only straightforward biography of Matisse has appeared
recently, Haydon Herrera's Henri Matisse: A Portrait, of 1993, which,
however, simply compiles information that has already appeared in the
literature; there is no new research. 136 Happily forthcoming is a
projected biography by Hilary Spurling, whose first articIe on Matisse's
early art training in Saint Quentin is rich in new documentation treated
with the utmost discernment and breadth of inquiry.137 Working
independently and from public sources, Spurling has already swept away
long-held myths about the artist's provincial background and training
(or lack of it) in his pre-Paris art education.
Traditional art history has produced much of value on Matisse
in the past quarter-century, but scholarly gaps remain. Well-
documented catalogues raisonnes on the artist's paintings and drawings
are eagerly anticipated and fuBer biographies await the availability of
more of Matisse's personal papers. A complete edition of his
correspondence would be welcome. Iconographic studies of the artist's
subjects--on the order of those written on the goldfish, the sleeping
women, the window, dance, and the Golden Age--need to be undertaken.
Our understanding of Matisse's recurrent use of particular motifs would

136 Haydon Herrera, Henri Matisse: a Portrait (New York: Harcourt

Brace, 1993).
137 Hilary Spurling, "How Matisse Became a Painter," Burlington
Magazine 135, \084 (July 1993): 463-70. The first volume of the two-
or three-part biography is projected by Hamish Hamilton, London, and
Knopf, New York, for 1996 or 1997.
INIRODUCIlON xciii

benefit by studies with psychological, political, and sociological

perspectives. Ecomonic issues of patronage, markets, and international
production could offer broader insight on the forces accounting for
reputations--their rise and faIl--and on the critical construction of the
ideas of vanguard art and modernist painting, implicit in the writings on
Matisse. 138
What is striking in the most recent work of the last fifteen
years is the shift in emphasis from preoccupation with Matisse's
creative process to greater interest in the spectator's active experience
of Matisse's work. That is, there is less concern about how Matisse
effected the transformation of a given motif and his emotion into the
finished figuration of it, and greater scrutiny of how the viewer reads or
processes the work, is affected and construed by it.
The last two most ambitious articles on Matisse are catalogue
essays for recent major exhibitions. One is by John Elderfield, who has
written extensivelyon Matisse and Fauvism and continues the high
level of dedicated scholarship at the Museum of Modern Art; the other
is by Yve-Alain Bois, the younger French theorist now teaching in the
United States. The two exhibitions were Henri Matisse: a
Retrospective (Museum ofModern Art, New York, 1992-93) and Henri
Matisse. 1904-1917 (Paris, Centre Pompidou, 1993), the former a
traditional behemoth exhibition that covered the artist's whole career

138 For very recent additions to the literature in these areas, see Donald
Kuspit, " The Process of Idealization of Women in Matisse's Art," in
Signs 0/ Psyche in Modern and Postmodern Art (Cambridge, 1993),
for psychological analysis of the artist's treatment of women as
subjects; William Wood, "Boudoir Scissorhands: Matisse, the Cut-Outs
and the Canon," in RACAR. Revue d'art canadienne/ Canadian Art
Review (Spring 1991): 5-17. and John O'Brian, "In Loco Parentis: Art
Markets, American Dealers, and Matisse." Block Notes 1 (1993), for
studies of the commercial and critical ramifications of the production of
certain of Matisse's designs as less-expensive multiples; and the
splendid essays in Roger Benjamin and Carol Turner, eds. Matisse
(Brisbane, 1995) exhibition catalogue for a Matisse retrospective in
Australia. The last-named catalogue appeared as this study was going
to press, so that due to time constraints, aIthough the articles are listed
separately, their content is given only the most cursory treatment and
does not reflect their complexity and richness. A true dialogue between
major Matisse scholars has begun, however, in these essays, which
augurs weIl for the future of Matisse studies.
XCIV INTRODUcnON

and all media except prints, and the latter a focused survey of the years
traditionally considered to be Matisse's most adventurous and the most
crucial to the his tory of modern painting. The American show
privileges the Great Artist (in the French way) while the Paris show
privileges the history of progressive art (in the Anglo-American way)--a
sign that the earlier distinctions outlined in this essay no longer obtain.
Both catalogue essays are notable for their intellectual reach and
methodological freshness.
Elderfield uses a phenomenological approach to certain key
works and employs a range of semiotic and literary models to penetrate
the underlying themes in the artist's work. Attempting to see Matisse
"whoie," he analyzes the artist's material and formal strategies as
functions of the paintings' meanings, and the meanings as functions of
his whole intensely subjective artistic endeavor. Bois's article is a
culmination of the critic's previous Matisse essays, which attempt to
probe the exact nature and moment of Matisse's unique contribution to
the history of post-Renaissance painting. Bois had argued in "Matisse
and 'Arche-drawing '" that Matisse' s great contribution to advanced
painting was the discovery that "quantity [of color, of surface] equals
quality [of expression]." This principle could be used to integrate design
with color in such a way that contour (drawing) no longer establishes
figure-ground relations but articulates the surface planarity of the
canvas. In his latest essay, Bois adds to this the notion that the
compositional organization in Matisse's paintings is perceived by the
spectator as explosive, circulating, pulsating: a primary visual shock
followed by the slow, expanded perception of the whole field with a
diffused but participatory attention. As in Elderfield, what seems like a
formal analysis becomes in fact the author's fresh attention to the way
the work is experienced, and to the artist' s psychological need to
discharge his emotion into the work itself in the very act of painting.
Both Elderfield's and Bois's essays deploy a wide range of theoretical
tools to understand Matisse' s "system" not so much to aggrandize the
artist's achievement but to understand a process which signifies the
broader modes of thinking, making, and acting that the arts can still
embody.
Matisse's art and the literature that has structured our
appreciation of it have seemed, as we noted at the outset, largely
disengaged from the major events of this century. One might weil ask
whether the two--the art and its surrounding discourse--perfectly
INIRODUenON xcv

exemplify Walter Benjamin's comment in "On Some Motifs of

Baudelaire." Benjamin writes: "Man's inner concerns do not have their
issueless private character by nature. They do so only when he is
increasingly unable to assimilate the data of the world around hirn by
way of experience. ,,139 One might also speculate that, rather than the
simple continuation of Romanticism's escape from the dislocations of
modern society, Matisse's oeuvre may be engaged (whether more or less
successfully) in the very struggle to assimilate and, if possible,
transform the dissonant data of his century. He provides, doubtless, a
site of autonomous, utopie experience that functions as a temporary
surcease from intolerable trauma, but he also offers a paradigmatic
experience of work that is still independent, integrating, and
constructive--both for the artist-maker and for the viewer-respondent.
Modest outcomes, perhaps, for art in our day, but the most ambitious
artists of the century--from Picasso to Duchamp to Mondrian and
including Matisse--never envisioned for art more than it could do. What
was within the scope of art's practice was both important enough and
difficult enough for a lifetime's dedication.

139 Walter Benjamin, "On Some Motifs in Baudelaire," Illuminations

(New York: Schocken, 1969, paperback), 158; ed. by Hannah Arendt;
trans. by Harry Zohn.
This page intentionally left blank
 Matisse Chronology
1869 December 31; birth ofHenri-Emile-Benoit Matisse at Le
Cateau-Cambresis, horne of his maternal grandparents.
1872 Birth ofhis brother, Emile-Auguste (dies 1874).
1874 Birth of brother, Auguste-Emile.
1882-7 Attends the College de Saint-Quentin and the Lycee Henri-
Martin at Saint-Quentin.
1887 Studies law in Paris.
1888 Passes law examinations in August; returns to Saint-Quentin.
1889 Works as a clerk in a law office in Saint-Quentin; studies
drawing in early morning classes at the municipal Ecole
Quentin de La Tour, a school of decorative arts.
1890 Begins to paint while recuperating from appendicitis; studies
with Emmanuel Croize, a gifted young teacher.
1891 Goes to Paris to study art; works with Gabriel Ferrier and
Adolphe-W. Bouguereau at the Academy lulien.
1892 Fails to pass entrance examination to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
in February; meets Albert Marquet in classes at the Ecole des
Arts Decoratifs in October; meets Georges Rouault and Simon
Bussy when accepted by Gustave Moreau as a student.
1894 Birth of his daughter Marguerite Emilienne to his companion,
Caroline loblaud, in Paris.
1895 Enters the Ecole des Beaux-Arts after passing entrance
examinations in March; paints in Britanny with Emile Wery
in summer; sees large Cezanne exhibition at Vollard's gallery.
1896 Exhibits five paintings at the Salon of the Societe Nationale
des Beaux-Arts, and is elected an associate member.
1897 Exhibits The Dinner Table, a major work encouraged by
Moreau, at the Salon of the Nationale; meets Camille
Pissarro; on third summer trip to Britanny, acquires two Van
Gogh drawings through lohn RusselI, an Australian painter.
1898 Marries Amelie Noemie Alexandrine Parayre in lanuary;
spends honeymoon in London; from February to August lives
in Ajaccio, Corsica. Reads Paul Signac's "From Eugene
Delacroix to Neo-Impressionnisme" in La Revue blanche.
Moreau dies in April. Spends August through lanuary 1899

xcvii
xcviii MATISSE CHRONOLOGY

in Beauzelle and Fenouillet, near Toulouse, his wife's native

region.
1899 Son, Jean Gerard, born in Toulouse in January. Returns to
Paris, living at 19, Quai Saint-Michel; works in studios of
Fernand Connon and Eugene Carriere for a short time; meets
Andre Derain and Jean Puy.
1900 Birth of son, Pierre, in June at Bohain; paints decorations for
the Exposition Universelle; begins sculpture c1asses in the
evenings at the :Ecole d' Art Municipale and works under
Bourdelle at the Grande-Chaumiere for the next three years.
1901 Exhibits first time at Salon des Independants; meets Maurice
Vlaminck at Van G'ogh retrospective at Bernheim-Jeune
Gallery. Visits Switzerland with his father to recover from
bronchitis; his allowance is discontinued after his father sees
his work at the Independants.
1902 Shows at Berthe Weill gallery; stays with parents in Bohain in
winter because of lack of money.
1903 Lives with his family in Lesquielles-Saint-Gennain, near
Bohain, from July to end of the year. Exhibits at first Salon
d' Automne in Paris.
1904 First one-man show at Vollard's in June, catalogue by Roger
Marx. Becomes friendly with Signac and visits with hirn in
Saint-Tropez during the summer, beginning Luxe, Calme et
Volupte. Begins to hyphenate his name to distinguish it from
that of another painter, Auguste Matisse.
1905 Exhibits neo-impressionist canvas, Luxe, calme et volupre, at
the Independants. Summers in Collioure where he paints first
"Fauve" canvases with Derain. Woman with Hat purchased by
the Steins from the Salon d' Automne, where future "Fauves"
are first noted by the critics; rents a studio at the Couvent des
Oiseaux at 56, rue de Sevres.
1906 One-man show at Galerie Druet; shows Bonheur de Vivre at
Independants. Goes to Biskra, Aigeria, for two weeks in
March; meets Picasso and future patron, Sergei Shchukin.
Does first lithographs; buys first African sculpture.
1907 Visits the Steins in Florence, Italy, in the summer; also sees
Arezzo, Padua, Siena, and Venice; late summer in Collioure.
1908 Opens his school in January at 56, rue de Sevres; moves to the
Hotel Biron at 33, Boulevard des Invalides. Makes two trips to
Gennany with Hans Purrmann: first to Munich, Nuremberg
and Heidelberg in Spring, then in Fall to Berlin for his show
at Paul Cassirer's gallery (an exhibit both reduced in size and
c10sed earlier than expected.) First American show at 291
MATISSE CHRONOLOGY XCIX

gallery; a small retrospective at the Salon d' Automne.

Publishes "Notes of a Painter" in La Grande revue in
December.
1909 Summers in Cavaliere; moves to a house in suburban Issy-Ies-
Moulineaux in Fall; signs a contract with Bernheim-Jeune
Gallery.
1910 Retrospective at Bernheim-Jeune Gallery in February; second
exhibition at 291 Gallery. Sees exhibit of Islamic art in
Munich; exhibits Music and Dance at Salon d' Automne.
Death of his father; depressed, he travels in Spain: Seville,
Granada, and Cordoba.
1911 Closes his school in late Spring; summers in Collioure; visits
Moscow in November at Shchukin's invitation.
1912 Visits Morocco from January to April; returns in Autumn
until February of 1913, returning by way of Corsica. Sees
exhibition of Persian miniatures at Musee des Arts Decoratifs.
1913 Shows Moroccan paintings at Bernheim-Jeune Gallery.
Exhibits at Armory Show in New York and at Berlin
Secession. Summers at Issy; rents a studio again at 19, Quai
Saint-Michel.
1914 Works on etchings, Iithographs; exhibits at Gurlitt Gallery in
Berlin, where the work is confiscated at the outbreak of war.
Goes to Collioure when World War I begins, becomes friendly
with Juan Gris there. Mother and brother behind enemy Iines
in Le Cateau.
1915 Exhibits at Montross Gallery in New York; visits Arcachon,
near Bordeaux, in summer; visits Marseille with Marquet in
November.
1916 Works in Paris and Issy; begins to work with the model
Lorette.
1917 Meets Monet; summers at Issy; in December visits Marseille,
then Nice, and sees Renoir in Cagnes.
1918 Spends winter in Nice; summers at Issy, then goes to
Cherbourg. Visits Bonnard in Antibes, Renoir in Cagnes;
settles in a room at the Hütel Mediterranee in Nice.
1919 Exhibits at Bernheim-Jeune Gallery and Leicester Galleries in
London. Summer in Issy; trip to London to design sets and
costumes for Diaghilev's ballet Le Chant du Rossignol in
Fall.
1920 Death in January ofMatisse's mother in Bohain. Exhibits at
Bernheim-Jeune Gallery; sees Le Chant du Rossignol in
London; visits Etretat in July. Begins to work with model
c MATISSE CHRONOLOGY

Henriette Darricarrere, who will be his main model for the next
seven years.
1921 Exhibits at Bernheim-leune; summers at Etretat; rents a larger
apartment at 1, Place Charles-Felix in Nice, where he will
remain until 1938.The Luxembourg purchases Odalisque with
Red Trousers, the first French museum purchase of aMatisse.
1922 Begins an series of lithographs; di vides time between Nice and
Paris.
1923 Daughter Marguerite marries Georges Duthuit, a Byzantine Art
scholar.
1924 Retrospective at Bernheim-leune Gallery; largest retrospective
to date at the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
1925 Travels to southern Italy with wife, daughter, and son-in-law.
1927 Exhibits at Valentine Dudensing Gallery in New York; wins
first prize at Carnegie International in Pittsburgh.
1928 Mme Matisse comes to live permanently with her husband in
Nice; in Fall, they move to a new larger space on the fourth
floor of the same building. Works more in etchings, drypoint
and Iithography; continues to work in sculpture which he
resumed in 1925.
1930 In Spring, travels to Tahiti, stopping off in New York and San
Francisco on the way. Spends three months in Tahiti.
Returns to the United States to serve on Carnegie International
jury (first prize awarded to Picasso); visits Barnes Foundation
in Merion, Pennsylvania, (where Barnes proposes his mural
commission) and Etta Cone in Baltimore, Maryland.
Retrospective at Thannhauser Gallery in Berlin.
1931 Retrospective at Galeries Georges Petit in Paris and important
exhibitions at the Kunsthalle in Basel and the Museum of
Modem Art in New York. Birth of Marguerite and Georges
Duthuit's son, Claude, in Paris.
1932 Begins a new version of the Bames Foundation mural after
discovering that he had worked for a year with the wrong
dimensions. Poesies de Stephane Mallarme with illustrations
by Matisse is published by Skira.
1933 Completes Barnes mural and travels to Merion for its
installation; recuperates at a spa near Venice; restudies Giotto's
frescoes at Padua.
1934 Works on illustrations for lames Joyce's Ulysses.
1935 Begins to work with Lydia Delectorskaya as his major model;
she will remain with hirn until his death as companion,
secretary, and model.
MATISSE CHRONOLOGY Cl

1936 Exhibits at Paul Rosenberg Gallery, Paris, henceforth his

major dealer; publishes drawings in special issue of Cahiers
d'Art; begins small cut-paper work.
1937 Accepts commission for costume and sets for Ballets Russes
de Monte Carlo's production, Rouge et Noir; exhibits in
special room of the Exposition Internationale's show, Maltres
de l'Art lndependant.
1938 Moves to the Hütel Regina in Cimiez, a suburb of Nice;
paints an overmantel for Nelson A. Rockefeller's New York
apartment.
1939 Separates from his wife, Amelie Matisse; premiere of Rouge
et Noir in Monte Carlo; revises scenery for Paris opening in
June; auction in Lucerne of Matisse work confiscated from
German museums by Nazi government; visits Geneva to see
an exhibition of Spanish painting and tapestries from the
Prado. When France enters the war, returns to Paris in
October; then returns to Nice.
1940 Obtains a Brazilian passport but decides to remain in France;
stores work in Paris at the Banque de France; legal separation
from Mme Matisse is finalized.
1941 Is operated in Lyons for duodenal cancer, nearly dies from
post-operative embolism. Returns to Nice in May; begins
work on illustrations for Florilege des amours de Ronsard,
Henri de Montherlant's Pasiphae, and drawings for Themes et
variations.
1942 Works on Poemes of Charles d'Orieans; in contact with
Picasso and Bonnard.
1943 Moves to Villa "Le Reve" in Vence because of air raids in
Cimiez; works on cut-outs for what will be known as Jazz.
Themes et variations is published with text by Louis Aragon.
1944 Works on illustrations for Baudelaire's Fleurs du Mal;
Pasiphae: Chant de Minos (Les Cretois) is published with
linocut designs and illustrations by Matisse. Mme Matisse
and Marguerite are arrested for resistance activities.
1945 Matisse stays in Paris from July to November at 132,
Boulevard Montparnasse. Exhibits in joint one-man show
with Picasso at Victoria and Albert Museum in London;
retrospective at Salon d' Automne; inaugural show at Galerie
Maeght in Paris with six paintings from 1938-1944 with
photographs of preceding states.
1946 Illustrates Lettres d'une religieuse portugaise and Pierre
Reverdy's Visages; makes cut-paper maquettes for Oceania
tapestries.
cii MATISSE CHRONOLOOY

1947 Teriade publishes Jazz; Baudelaire's Fleurs du mal and Andre

Rouveyre's Repli, both with Matisse's illustrations, are
published.
1948 Begins work on the Chapel of the Rosary for the Dominican
sisters at Vence; designs a St. Dominic for the church of
Notre-Dame-de-Toute-Grace in Assy. Retrospective at the
Philadelphia Museum of Art; Florilege des amours de Ronsard
is published. Etta and Claribel Cone's collection is bequeathed
to the Baltimore Museum of Art upon the former's death.
1949 Returns to the Hotel Regina in Cimiez. First substantial
showing of cut-paper work, at Pierre Matisse gallery in New
York; retrospectives in Lucerne and at the Musee National
d' Art Moderne in Paris.
1950 Exhibition of Vence chapel maquettes and large selection of
sculptures at the Maison de la Pensee Franc;:aise in Paris; wins
Grand Prize at Venice Biennale (which he asks to share with
his friend Henri Laurens); publication of Poemes de Charles
d'OrLeans.
1951 Consecration of the Chapel of the Rosary in June;
retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in New York,
accompanied by the publication of Alfred H. Barr, Jr.'s
monograph, Henri Matisse, His Art and His Publie.
1952 Matisse museum at Le Cateau-Cambresis is inaugurated;
continues to work almost exclusively on ambitious paper cut-
out works, including Swimming Pool, the largest of his cut-
outs.
1953 First exhibition devoted exclusively to the cut-outs, at
Berggruen et Cie. in Paris; retrospective at the Ny Carlsberg
Glyptotek in Copenhagen.
1954 Publishes Portraits, with an introduction composed especially
for the volume of thirty-nine portraits; completes maquette for
a rose window at the Union Church of Pocantico Hills, New
York, commissioned by Nelson A. RockefeIler in memory of
his mother, Abby Aldrich RockefeIler. Dies on November 3,
1954, in Nice; is buried at Cimiez, November 8.
 I

Primary Documentation
Archives

1. Matisse-Barr Papers, Museum of Modern Art Archives, New

York, N.Y.
Among the extensive archives documenting Alfred H. Barr's
tenure at the Museum of Modern Art is a substantial collection
of papers, letters, c1ippings, photographs, and other materials
pertaining to Matisse, particularly those relating to Barr's
1951 Matisse Retrospective and his book Matisse. His Art
and His Public, published in the same year. The richest
Matisse archive in the United States.

2. Bernheim-Jeune Archives, Paris, France.

Records of contracts, transactions and sales when Bernheim-
Jeune was Matisse' s dealer from 1909 to 1926. These have
been published by Guy-Patrice and Michel Dauberville, eds.
Henri Matisse chez Bernheim-leune, 2 vols. Paris: Editions
Bernheim-Jeune, 1995. 728 works are reproduced from the
gallery's photographs, each dated on the day taken. A complete
list of Bernheim-Jeune solo and group shows in which Matisse
participated is provided, with the catalogues reproduced. Henri
Dauberville's "La bataille de I'impressionnisme" and Jean
Dauberville's "Souvenirs" from En encadrant le siede are also
reprinted. An invaluable publication.

3. Simon Bussy Correspondence, Musee du Louvre, Paris,

France.

Correspondence with Matisse over the years with his former

studio mate and fellow artist; restricted right to publish. Other

1
2 ~ARYDOCUMENTATION

copies of the Matisse-Bussy correspondence, the originals of

which are in London, are at the Center for Advanced Study in
the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

4. Claribel and Etta Cone Papers, Baltimore Museum of Art,

Baltimore, Maryland.

Letters from Matisse to his patrons; documents about Matisse.

Also sketches and maquettes from the artist's Poesies de
Stephane Mallarme.

5. Pierre Courthion Papers I Matisse Correspondence, Getty

Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, Archives of
the History of Art, Santa Monica, California.
An extensive archive of Matisse correspondence as well as the
raw interviews and materials from which Courthion drew for
his books on Matisse. Letters include correspondence with
Andre Level, Christian Zervos, Andre Lhote, Charles
Thorndike, Henri Donias, and Olga Merson, among others.

6. [Marie-Alain] Couturier Collection at Yale University

Institute of Sacred Music, Worship, and the Arts, Yale
University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Copies of the papers of Pere Marie-Alain Couturier, O.P., the
originals of which are held at the Menil Foundation in Paris.
Besides the letters, diaries, written papers, and other items that
pertain to Couturier's career, the archives includes six volumes
of materials on Matisse's Chapel of the Rosary at Vence--the
papers of both Pere Pie-Raymond Rayssiguier and Couturier,
both of whom worked with Matisse on the project.

7. Photographies de Druet, Bibliotheque Nationale,

Departement des Estampes, Paris, France.
Photographs of Matisse's early works by the artist-dealer
Druet.

8. Isabella Stewart Gardner Papers, Archives of American Art,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
ARCHIVES 3

Correspondence between Gardner and Matthew Stewart

Prichard, who wrote about Matisse and his work while
Prichard was in Paris before 1914.

9. Henri Manguin Archives, Jean-Pierre Manguin, Curator.

Letters from Matisse from the first decade of the century.

10. Matisse Archives, Les Heritiers Matisse, Paris, France.

The Matisse family archives directed by the artist's grandson,
Claude Duthuit. All of Matisse's personal papers and family
and business correspondence here; use restricted.

11. Matisse Archives, Musee Matisse, Nice-Cimiez, France.

Papers and artworks donated by Matisse and his family to the
museum of the city where Matisse lived since 1918 and where
he died.

12. Archives Matisse, Musee Matisse et Herbin, Cateau-

Cambresis, France.
Papers and artworks donated by the Matisse family to the
museum in the city of Matisse' s birth.

13. Matisse Holdings, Bibliotheque Litteraire Jacques Doucet,

Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, France.
Letters to Marie Dormoy, Tristan Tzara, Andre Rouveyre,
among others; maquettes and materials related to the books
Pasiphae, Chants de Minos, Lettres Portugaises, and other
works. A very rich archive; restricted use.

14. Archives Matisse, Bibliotheque d'art et d'archeologie,

(Fondation Jacques Doucet), Paris, France.
Letters, miscellaneous catalogues and invitations, and the
Louis Vauxcelles archives of writings, letters, and journal
c\ippings.

15. Matisse Files, San Francisco Museum of Art, San

Francisco, Califomia.
4 PRIMARY DOCUMENTATION

Papers, correspondence on Matisse's dealings in San Francisco

over the years.

16. Pierre Matisse Gallery Records, Archives of American Art,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Some business records of the artist's dealings with his son's
gallery; letters. The complete archival holdings from the
gallery are being organized and catalogued and, at some future
date, will be available for scholars in a public venue.

I 7. Henry McBride Papers, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript

Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Some correspondence with Matisse by this critic who defended
the artist from the 1920s; photographs of the artist and critic.

18. Walter Pach Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.
Correspondence with Matisse by this painter who helped
organize the Armory Show of 1913 and who acted informally
as Matisse's promoter in the U.S. during the 1910s and 1920s.

19. Jean Puy Archives, Jean Rajot, Curator.

Some correspondence between Matisse and his old friend and

former studio mate.

20. Paul Rosenberg Papers, Morgan Library, New York, N.Y.

Contracts, correspondence with Matisse's dealer from 1936 to
1942.

21. The Andre Rouveyre Archives, Det Konglige Bibliotek,

Copenhagen, Denmark.
The rich correspondence between Matisse and his old friend,
Rouveyre, is being edited by Hanne Finsen; copies of the
letters are also at the Bibliotheque Litteraire Jacques Doucet,
Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve, Universite de Paris.
ARCHIVES 5

22. Gertrude Stein Notebooks, Collection of American Literature,

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut.
Personal papers of Stein with Matisse correspondence,
notebooks, and other documents concerning Matisse and their
mutual circ\es.

23. Fonds Louis Vauxcelles, Bibliotheque d'art et d'archeologie

(Fondation Jacques Doucet), Paris, France.
Papers and scrapbooks by this major Matisse critic of the early
years.

24. Fondation Wildenstein, New York, N. Y.

Includes the Archives Albert Marquet.

6 PRIMARY DOCUMENTATION

Matisse's Writings and Interviews

The following list is of selected major sources; the most complete
bibliographies of interviews given and articles written by Matisse is to
be found below in no. 28, lack Flam. Matisse on Art, rev. ed., 1995,
and no. 29, Dominique Fourcade. Henri Matisse, Ecrits et propos sur
l'art, 1972.

25. Brezianu, Barbu, ed. "Matisse-Pallady, Corespondenta inedita."

Secolul 20, 6 (1965): 161-72, in Romanian; also published in
French as "Matisse et Pallady, leur amitie et leurs relations
artistiques." In Actes du XXe Congres International d'histoire
de l'art(l969), 431-48. Budapest: 1972. Vol. H.
Correspondence between Matisse and his friend and former co-
student in the studio of Gustave Moreau, Theodore Pallady.
The letters and postcards between Matisse and the Romanian
painter date from 1939 to 1944. AIthough most are from
Pallady to Matisse, an important letter from Matisse
(December 7, 1940) describing his works in progress is given
in full.

26. Clair, lean, ed. Bonnard-Matisse: correspondance, 1925-1946.

Introduction and notes by Antoine Terrasse. Paris: Gallimard,
1991. Translated by Richard Howard as Bonnard / Matisse:
Letters Between Friends. New York: Abrams, 1992; originally
appeared as "Correspondance Matisse-Bonnard 1925-1946;
presentation de lean Clair." Nouvelle rev. franraise 18, 211
and 212 (luly 1 and August 1, 1970): 82-100,53-70.
Valuable correspondence between the two artists mostly during
the occupation period, 1940-45. Notes and short introduction
by Bonnard's nephew, Terrasse, with a longer essay by Clair.
Review: Bock-Weiss, Catherine. Art Journal 52, 2 (Summer
1993): 97-101; Watkins, Nicholas. Burlington Mag. 134
(November 1992): 736.

27. Flam, lack D., ed. Matisse on Art. London, New York:
Phaidon, 1973; reprints. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1978,
1993; Span. ed., 1978, Ger. ed., 1982.
An annotated anthology of forty-four essays or statements by
Matisse, with an excellent introduction and notes to each
WRITINGS AND INTERVIEWS 7

selection. The whole is introduced by a biographical note and a

fine synthetic treatment of the artist' s career development. A
post-1951 bibliography is also appended. An indispensable
source for Matisse's most important writings in English
translation.
Reviews: Neff, John H. Burlington Mag. 116, 852 (March
1974): 161-2; Gowing, Lawrence. Art in America 63 (July-
August 1975): 17; Motherwell, Robert. New York Times
Book Rev. (June 4, 1978): 12,42+; Rosenberg, Harold. New
Yorker (July 10, 1978): 59-61; Schwartz, J. Artweek 9,35
(October 21, 1978): 20.

28. Flam, Jack D., ed. Matisse on Art. Revised edition. Series:
Documents of Twentieth Century Art. Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press, 1995.
This is a substantially revised edition of the earlier work of the
same name. Eight new texts--all interviews--have been added,
notes to the selections updated and amplified, the bibliography
brought up to date. A very full year-by-year chronology
replaces the introductory overview of Matisse' s life and
development which introduced the earlier anthology. The new
introduction, "A Life in Words and Pictures," is a rich
reflection on the nature of Matisse's written texts and
interviews and their function at various stages of the artist's
self-presentation to his public during his long career. For a
valuable collection, this is a welcome revision that is fresh
enough to seem nearly like a completely new work.

29. Fourcade, Dominique, ed. Henri Matisse, Ecritset propos sur

['art. Paris: Hermann, 1972.
An anthology of Matisse's formal written statements, along
with published interviews, speeches, extracts from letters, and
miscellaneous citations of the artist's words. There are some
two hundred eighty items, some very brief, and footnotes that
are filled with collateral quotations, often from texts for whom
only "fair use" extracts are permitted. This very rich collection
is usefully indexed according to names and ideas and themes;
for example, Dance, Space, Intuition, Representation,
Rapport, Color. An irreplaceable resource for Matisse's
statements and sayings.
8 ~MARY DOCUMENTATION

Review: Gowing, Lawrence. Art in America 63 (July-August

1975): 17.

30. Fourcade, Dominique. "Autres propos de Henri Matisse."

Macula I (1976): 92-115.
An important supplement to Fourcade's book, Ecrits et propos
sur !'art, which includes interviews translated from German,
Swedish, Finnish, and Danish sources, among others. The
accompanying essay by Fourcade contains a valuable reflection
on Matisse's relationship to Cezanne.

31. Giraudy, Daniele, ed. "Correspondance Henri Matisse-Charles

Camoin." Rev. art 12 (1971): 7-34.
Correspondence between Matisse and his friend and former
studio companion, Charles Camoin, from 1905 to 1946, to be
used with caution. Dating, transcription, and notes for some
letters are unreliable; some errors have been corrected by later
scholars, for example, Flam, no. 89, 497-502.

32. Goldschmidt, Ernst. "Strejtog I Kunsten: Henri Matisse."

Politken (December 24, 1911 ). French trans. in "Autre
Propos de Henri Matisse," Macula I (1976): 92-93. Eng.
trans. in Flam, no. 88, 28-29; a more complete version in
Flam, no. 28, 60-63.
Interview at Issy in 1911 by a Danish painter and art historian,
in which Matisse speaks of his use of color in painting and of
the color-inspiration he finds in his flower garden. An
important interview.

33. Huppert, Janine C. "Montherlant vu par Matisse." Beaux-Arts

243 (August 27, 1937). Substantial excerpts in Fourcade, no.
29, 179 n. 32.
A report of Matisse's description of his attempt to do a portrait
of Montherlant, whom he finally could not capture to his
satisfaction. He later learned that the author had been terribly
preoccupied with a personal matter at that time and was not
fully present to Matisse. To be read against Montherlant's
own account, "En ecoutant Matisse," L'Art et les artistes 33,
189 (July 1938): 336-39. Flam, no. 28, 127-29; Fourcade,
no. 29, 214 (excerpt).
WRITINGS AND INlERVIEWS 9

34. Kostenevich, Albert, ed. "Matisse's Correspondence with His

Russian Collectors." In Collecting Matisse. Paris:
Flammarion, 1993. Translated by Andrew Bromfield from the
French ed. Matisse et la Russie. Paris: Flammarion, 1993,
no. 122.
The letters of Matisse to Shchukin, Morosov, Romm (in the
1930s), and a few others to Soviet museum directors, from the
archives of the Hermitage. Edited by Albert Kostenevich,
Matisse scholar and presently curator at the Hermitage.

35. "Lettres autographes de peintres. Lettres de Matisse ases hotes

en Tahiti." Sales catalogue, Hotel Drouot, March 10, 1986.
Matisse correspondence (1930-1950) with Pauline Schyle, his
hostess in Tahiti, be fore and (mostly) after his visit.

36. Luz, Maria. "Temoinages: Henri Matisse." XXe Siede 2

(1952): 55-57. Flam, no. 28, 207-209; Fourcade, no. 29, 246-
48.
An important text by Matisse on his recent cut-paper work,
recalled from a 1951 interview which was then submitted for
the artist's approval.

37. Matisse, Henri. Henri Matisse, Farbe und Gleichnis;

gesammelte Schriften. Mit den Errinnerungen von Hans
Purrmann. Hans Purrmann, ed. Zürich: Im Verlag der Arche,
1955; 2nd. ed., Frankfurt and Hamburg: Fischer, 1960.
A collection in German translation of eleven of Matisse's
most important writings, with a reprint of an artic1e by Hans
Purrmann "Über Henri Matisse," originally published in Werk
33, 6 (1946): 185-92, no. 688.

38. Matisse, Henri. "Notes d'un peintre." La Grande Revue 52, 24

(December 25, 1908): 731-45. German trans: "Notizen eines
Malers" in "Deutsche Übertragung." Kunst u. Künstler 7,8
(Mai 1909): 335-47; Russian trans: Toison d'or (Zolotoye
Runo) 6 (1909); first published English trans. by Margaret
Scolari. Henri-Matisse, Retrospective Exhibition. New York:
Museum of Modern Art, 1931. Exhibition catalogue, no. 52.
10 PRIMARY DOCUMENTATION

39. Matisse, Henri, recorded by Sarah Stein. "Matisse Speaks to

His Students." In Alfred H. Barr, Jr., Matisse, His Art and
His Public, 550-52. New York: Museum of Modern Art,
1951; reprinted Flam, no. 28, and Fourcade, no. 29.
The studio notes recorded by Sarah Stein as Matisse's pupil in
1908. An invaluable source of Matisse's esthetic ideas of the
period, particularly rich for his remarks on sculpture.

40. Matisse, Henri, et al. Testimony Against Gertrude Stein. The

Hague: Servire Press, February 1935. A supplement pamphlet
to Transition 23 (1934-35).
In response to the alleged errors and misperceptions of Gertrude
Stein in her recently published Autobiography of Alice B.
Toklas, a group of artists and writers published a pamphlet
setting the record straight. Matisse's contribution defends his
wife against perceived si urs and corrects errors of fact about his
early training, the purehase of La Femme au chapeau, and
other anecdotal matters. He claims that he did not see Stein
again after the first months of World War I, due to an
unfulfilled commitment on Stein's part to help Juan Gris
financially during the War.

41. Matisse, Henri. Jazz. Paris: Editions Verve, 1947. Edition of

two hundred seventy (and one hundred without text).
A book of twenty unbound pochoir plates derived from paper
cut-out designs with text pages composed and handwritten by
the artist. Matisse considered this text to be autobiographical,
a kind of personal testament. It is reprinted in full in Flam,
no. 28, and Fourcade, no. 29.

42. Matisse, Henri. "On Art and the Public." Transition Forty-
Nine 5 (1949): 117-20. Complete Fr. version in "L' Art et le
public--une grande enquete des Lettres Fran~aises." Lettres
fran~aises 99 (March 15, 1946).
A short paraphrase of what Matisse might ans wer to a
questionnaire by Les Lettres fran~aises on the question of art
and the public.

43. Matisse, Henri, to Jose G6mez Sicre. Unpublished

conversation. Summer 1949.
WRITINGS AND INTERVIEWS 11

An interview recorded by an associate, corrected by Matisse;

typescript in the Archives of the Museum of Modem Art.

44. Matisse, Henri. "La Chapelle du Rosaire." In Chapelle du

Rosaire des Dominicaines de Vence. Vence: La Chapelle du
Rosaire, 1951; printed by Mourlet Freres; other eds. 1955,
1956, 1958, 1963.
A book of photographs of the Chapel of the Rosary preceded
by a short statement by Matisse on the chapel as the
culmination of his life-long artistic effort. Flam, no. 28, and
Fourcade, no. 29.

45. Matisse, Henri. "Chapelle du Rosaire des Dominicaines de

Vence." France Illustration 320 (December 1, 1951): 561-70.
Reprinted as "La Chapelle de Vence, aboutissement d'une vie."
XXe Siede, Hommage Cl Henri Matisse (1970): 71-73. Flam,
no. 28, and Fourcade, no. 29.
A detailed statement ofthe artist's goals in adjusting the colors
of the stained-glass windows in his chapel to the tile murals
on its walls, which together orchestrate the spiritual
expression of the whole decor.

46. Matisse, Henri. Portraits. Monte Carlo: Mourlot, 1954.

An album of some ninety-three portrait drawings preceded by a
text entitled "Portraits," in which Matisse comments on
portraiture and his own artistic process in producing them.
Reprinted in Flam, no. 28, and Fourcade, no. 29.
This page intentionally left blank
 11

General Studies, Catalogues, and Collections of

Essays

47. Alpatov, Mikhail V. Matiss, Zivopis, skul'ptura, grafika,

pisma [Matisse. Paintings, Seulpture, Graphie Work, Letters}.
Moscow and Leningrad: Sovetskij khudoznik, 1969.
Exhibition catalogue. Translated by Helmut Barth as Henri
Matisse. Dresden: VEB Verlag der Kunst, 1973.
This compact, handsome volume, the first Russian monograph
on Matisse to appear in the West since Romm's book of
1935, gives a thorough general treatment of Matisse' s career
and artistic development and complete scholarly coverage of
the works exhibited with many color plates that vary widely in
quality. Included are some twenty letters in French from
Matisse: to Ivan Morosov (1911-13), Alexander Romm (1934-
36), Tcherniowsky (1934) , and the director of the Museum of
Modern Art in Moscow (1935). Two letters to Alexandre
Romm were first published in "Dva pisma," Iskusstvo 4
(1934): 199-203.

48. Aragon, Louis. Apologie du Luxe. Series: Les Tresors de la

peinture franc;aise. Geneva: Albert Skira, 1946. Translated
into German as Dem wahren Luxus gewidmet. Genf:
Kunstverlag Albert Skira, 1947.
Large-format luxury folio of fifteen fuH-page tipped-in plates,
with an essay on the Baudelairean qualities of "luxe, calme et
volupte" in Matisse's work. Aragon defines the artist's "luxe"
as natural beauty, color, and charm. Matisse's luxury is not
the product of indolence but of work, wh ich is its

13
14 GENERAL STUDIES

legitimation and moral force. Aragon inc1udes a lyric

commentary on Matisse's triptych, Leda and the Swan. which
was in Matisse's studio when the author undertook his initial
interviews with the painter some six years earlier.

49. Aragon, Louis. Henri Matisse: roman. 2 vols. Paris:

Gallimard. 1971. Translated by Jean Stewart as Henri Matisse,
a novel. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; London:
William Collins Sons, 1972.
An anthology of new and previously-published essays on
Matisse by his friend, the surrealist poet and communist
activist, Louis Aragon. The texts (1941-1968) are poetic,
highly discursive and personal. This deluxe, lavishly
illustrated, two-volume work contains some fourteen
unpublished Aragon essays on Matisse, ruminative and full of
personal anecdotes about the painter. It also inc1udes valuable
an notations to and comments on Aragon's texts by Matisse
himself at the time of their original publication. The many
color plates and reproductions of drawings and prints are of
extremely high quality.
Substantial portions of this work had already been published:
"Matisse ou la grandeur." Poesie 42, 1 (Nov / Dec. 1941),
under the signature: B. d'Amberieu; "Matisse-en-France" in
Henri Matisse dessins: Themes et variations. Paris: M.
Fabiani, 1943; "Ecrit en 1969" in Je n 'ai jamais appris a ecrire
ou les Incipit. Geneva: Albert Skira, 1969; "Apologie du luxe"
in Apologie du luxe. Geneva: Albert Skira, 1946; "Matisse ou
les semblances fixees" in Pierre a Feu. Cannes: Galerie
Maeght, 1947; "Matisse et Baudelaire" in Vingt-trois
lithographies de Henri Matisse pour Les Fleurs du Mal de
Baudelaire. Paris: 1946; "Matisse par1e [poeme]" in Le
Nouveau Creve-coeur. Paris: Gallimard, 1948; "Matisse ou le
Peintre franr;ais" (in English) in Henri Matisse Retrospective.
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1948, reprint. Arts
de France 23-24 (1949): 12-23 and Le Jardin des arts 106
(September 1963): 2-13; "Ronsard ou le quatre-vingtieme
printemps." Les Lettres franfaises (December 30, 1948); "Au
Jardin de Matisse" in Henri Matisse: chapelle, peintures,
GENERAL STUDIES 15

dessins, sculptures. Paris: Maison de la Pensee Fran~aise,

1950; "Le Sourire de Matisse [obituary]." L'Bumanite
(November 5, 1954); "Le Ciel decoupe" in Miroirs de l'Art:
Les Collages. Paris: Hermann, 1965; "Henri Matisse dans sa
centieme annee [poeme]." Les Lettres/ranraises (1969).
Reviews: Forge, Andrew. Review. Studio 185 (March
1973): 138-9; Jouffroy, Alain. "Le Rayon vert de Matisse."
Opus Int. 33 (March 1972): 14-19; Lemagny, J.-c.-L.
Review. Gaz. beaux-arts 79,6 (March 1972): supp. 38-9; de
Magny, Olivier. Review. L'Oeil 204 (Dec. 1971): 31-2;
Moulin, Raoul-Jean. "Aragon ou l'avenir de voir." Opus Int.
33 (March 1972): 20-23; Les Lettres /ranraises 1330 (April
15-21, 1970) [issue devoted to Aragon on Matisse, reproducing
texts from the book]; Santi, Gualtiero deo "11 Matisse di Louis
Aragon." D'Ars 14,66-67 (November-December 1973): 82-
83; Werner, A. Review. American Artist 37 (March 1973):
65.

50. Barnes, Albert c., and Violette de Mazia. The Art 0/ Benri
Matisse. New York: Scribners, 1933. Reprint. Merion,
Pennsylvania: Barnes Foundation Press, 1959, 1963.
This idiosyncratic study of Matisse by Albert Barnes, art
collector and founder of the foundation in Merion,
Pennsylvania, that bears his name, is primarily an
examination of some of the over fifty works by Matisse in the
Barnes Collection. In harmony with John Dewey's general
views of "art as experience" and using his own method of
"plastic analysis," Barnes lays out his methodology and
discusses Matisse's use of decorative traditions. He treats in
turn all the art elements--color, shape, line, etc.--as they are
utilized by Matisse and provides extended formal analysis of
sixteen major works, including Joy 0/ Life (1905/6), The
Seated Riffian (1912/13), The Music Lesson (1917), Three
Sisters Triptych (1917), and French Window at Nice
(1919/20). Although pedantically formalist and limited in its
approach, the book contains one hundred fifty half-tone
reproductions and provides insight on attitudes of the period in
such chapters as "The Psychology of Matisse," "Matisse's
16 GENERAL STUDIES

Rank as an Artist," and "Matisse Compared with his

Contemporaries. "
Reviews: "Challenging Matisse [summary of Thomas
Craven's review in N. Y. Herald Tribune]." Art Digest 7
(March 15, 1933): 11; Apollo 17 (June 1933): 275-76; Art
Digest 7 (February 1, 1933): 23; Charlot, Jean. "Pinning a
Butterfly." Creative Arts 12, 5 (May 1933): 354-59;
Burlington Mag. 63 (October 1933): supp. 13; Connoisseur
91 (May 1933): 328; Parnassus 5 (October 1933): 29; Print
Collectors Quarterly 20 (April 1933): 86.

51. Barnes, Rache1, ed. Matisse. London: Bracken Books, 1992.

Small-format book of colored plates of Matisse's paintings and
drawings, mostly from museum collections, each accompanied
by a paragraph of the artist's own comments on his work or
working process. Citations, however, are not necessarily c10se
in time to the making of the painting. One still Iife from 1941
is badly misdated to 1904. A short general introduction by the
editor precedes the plates.

52. Barr, Alfred H., Jr. Henri Matisse. New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1931. Exhibition catalogue. Published in a trade
edition by W.H. Norton, 1931.
In this twenty-page essay written on the occasion of the
Museum of Modern Art's first retrospective of Matisse's work,
Barr sets out the evaluative theses that would dominate the
appreciation of Matisse in the U.S. for the next half-century.
Twenty years later, in the monograph that accompanied the
1951 MoMA retrospective (no. 53), Barr had only to expand
these ideas, not revise them. Barr establishes the works that
mark--in the cyc1ical recurrances within the artist's production--
the innovative periods of Matisse's Iife where his work is
ambitious, austere, and abstract. The other cyc1e, necessary
but inferior, comprises the more realistic, relaxed, accessible,
intimate style characterized by the work of 1918-29. Both
types of work, according to Barr, following Matisse's own
assertions, seek the same ends but by different means. Barr
explains the term "expressive" by equating it with Matisse' s
GENERAL STUDIES 17

formal means--color, composltlOn, and the harmonious

ordering of physical sensation.

53. Barr, Alfred H., Jr. Matisse, His Art and His Public. New
York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1951. Exhibition
catalogue. Reprint. New York: Arno, 1966 (without color
plates); London: Secker & Warburg, 1975.
The first full-scale scholarly monograph on the artist,
published when Matisse was eighty years old. The text
alternates biographical material--much of it new in 1951 and
based on questionnaires to the artist and to those close to him--
with a style-history of the artist's work in all media: painting,
drawing, printmaking, sculpture, and decorative projects. As
the title indicates, this pioneering study is also arecord of
Matisse's private and public patronage throughout his lifetime
and includes a list of the artist's works in public museums in
English-speaking countries. Also notable is the most
complete bibliography, to that date, of books and articles by
and about Matisse, compiled by Bernard Karpel, then Librarian
of the Museum of Modern Art. Barr included English
translations of several of Matisse's important statements on
art, including "Notes of a Painter" (1908), first published in
English in Barr's 1931 catalogue, Henri-Matisse, and the
artist's previously unpublished studio instruction (1908),
gathered by his friend, patron, and pupil, Sarah Stein. This
book remains the indispensable foundation study of the artist's
career.
Reviews: Architectural Rev. 113 (February 1953): 124;
Baker, Kenneth. Review. Studio Int. 189 (March 1975): 158-9
[1975 reprint]; Bazarov, K. Review. Art & Artists 9 (March
1975): 48-49 (1975 reprint); Blunt, Anthony, "Matisse's Life
and Work." Burlington Mag. 95 (December 1953): 399-400;
Curtis, John. "The Art de Luxe of Henri Matisse." Studio 144
(November 1952): 129-35 [review of book and MoMA
exhbition]; Kuh, Katherine. Review. College Art Journal 11,
4 (1952): 309-10; Liturgical Arts 21 (November 1952): 28;
Mag. 0/ Art 45 (May 1952): 236-38; Nicolson, Benedict.
Review. Art Bull. 34 (September 1952): 246-49.
18 GENERALSTUD~

54. Basler, Adolphe. Henri Matisse. Series: Junge Kunst, 46.

Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1924. Reprint. De r
Cicerone 21 (November 1924): 1001-1009; with slight
revision in Charles Kunstler and Adolphe Basler, La Peinture
independante en France. Vol. 2. Paris, 1929; and under the
name Philippe Marcel in Art d'aujourd'hui (Spring I Summer
1924): 33-47.
A slim (sixteen pages of text with fifty-two reproductions)
volume by an habitue of Montparnasse cafe circles, this early
monograph introduces Matisse to German readers in the
context of a broad defense of modern art. Matisse and his
students have educated the public to the qualities in Renoir,
Cezanne, and Gauguin, as well as in ancient and non-Western
art. Basler portrays Matisse as the true interpreter of Cezanne
in the structure and solidity of his canvases and as the inheritor
of Symbolism's reliance on analogy and equivalence to render
nature by suggestion rather than imitation. Having passed
through an austere (pre-1916) period, according to Basler,
Matisse now complements his qualities as an easel painter
with those of a decorator. The current works of Matisse are
both praised and damned for their grace, musicality and taste,
Basler predicting that Matisse will take an honorable place
alongside Renoir as Pater and Lancret have alongside Watteau.

55. Benjamin, Roger. Matisse's "Notes of a Painter," Criticism,

Theory, and Context, 1891-1908. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI
Research Press, 1987.
This important and nuanced text surrounds Matisse's 1908
essay "Notes of a Painter" with an exhaustive account of the
"intellectual conditions which attended its production."
Benjamin surveys and puts into context the critical discourse
that accompanied Matisse's exhibitions from 1896 through
1908, carefully analyzes the painter's essay itself in the light
of antecedant critical and theoretical debates and writings, and
completes his study by examining the status of the term
"expressionism" in French writing before 1909. A
fundamental study for the understanding of Matisse's art
"theories," the book is notable for its author's awareness of
GENERAL STUDIES 19

contemporary theory as he undertakes a careful historical

reconstruction of the ideologies and theories that condition
Matisse's statement. The original text of "Notes" is
reproduced in facsimile from La Grande Revue 52 (December
25, 1908): 731-45.

56. Benjamin, Roger. Henri Matisse. Rizzoli Art Series, edited by

Norma Broude. New York: Rizzoli, 1992.
A new approach in an old format, namely, the color-plate
album of masterpieces preceded by a short summary of the
artist' s career and importance. Benjamin' s treatment transcends
the hackneyed genre by managing to introduce major
contemporary critical issues into his short text "The Body in
Decoration." He deals with Matisse's relation to the decorative
and to popular art, with feminist concerns about Matisse's
obsessive use and abuse of the female figure, with issues of
Orientalism and eroticism, identity, and authorship. A superb
condensation of current approaches to the artist's oeuvre.

57. Bernier, Rosamond. Matisse. Picasso, Miro As I Knew

Them. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.
One hundred profusely illustrated pages of joumalistic retelling
of details of Matisse's later life by the former editor of L'Oeil
and writer for Vogue. The author had personal contact with
the artist and recounts some fresh anecdotes, but the
substantive material has been recounted elsewhere.
Approximately equal time is given to Picasso, also personally
acquainted with Bernier, with a shorter chapter on Miro.
Review: Julius, M. Contemporary Review 260, 1514 (March
1992): 166-7; Simon, R. Times Lit. Supp. 4643 (March 27,
1992): 17; Thierry-de-Saint-Rapt, Solange. "Rencontre avec
Rosamond Bemier de l'Oeil au conference du Metropolitan."
L'Oeil 447 (December 1992): 18-21; Virginia Quarterly Rev.
68, 2 (Spring 1992): 52.

58. Bertram, Anthony. The World's Masters: Henri Matisse. The

WorId's Masters Series, 10. London: Galerie Paul Guillaume
20 GENERAL STUDIES

and The Studio Ltd., 1930, 1934; New York: W. E. Rudge,

1930.
A pocket-size album of twenty-four reproductions of Matisse's
paintings with a general seven-page introduction in an early
series on major artists. Bertram' s intelligent text aims mainly
to wean his audience away from the expectation of veristic
imitation and to appreciate the intrinsic qualities of Matisse's
line and color, governed, not by rules, but by sensibility.
The illustrations are all from the Paul Guillaurne Gallery,
photographs of works either presently or formerly in
Guillaume's collection.

59. Besson, Georges. Matisse. Paris: Braun, 1945. Reprint. Paris:

1954 [with updated cover in color].
Small monograph (twelve pages of text, sixty illustrations)
with text in French, English, and German by a collector,
entrepreneur, and critic, with whom Matisse had become
friendly as early as 1917. A neatly condensed summary of the
painter's plastic achievements which acknowledges the
seemingly contradictory quality of Matisse's style: "Iearned
ingenuousness, erudite improvisation, managed instinct."
Plates are valuable documents, as many are of paintings which
were later reworked into their definitive states.

60. Beutler, Christian. Henri Matisse, 1869-1954. Series: Welt

in Farbe, Taschenbücher der Kunst. Munich, Vienna, Basel:
K. Desch, 1954.
A slim pocket-sized volume of medium-quality plates is
preceded by a general introduction that surveys Matisse's life
and the development of his style.

61. Bock, Catherine C. Henri Matisse and Neo-Impresssionism,

1898-1908. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press,
1981.
The importance of Matisse's debt to neo-impressionist color
theory is detailed in this study of Matisse's early development.
Bock demonstrates that Paul Signac's 1899 text D 'Eugene
GENERAL STIJDIES 21

Delacroix au neo-impressionnisme offered Matisse a coherent

history of modernism, provided flexible guidelines in post-
impressionist composition and color theory, and pointed the
way to the expressive and decorative achievements of the
colorist movement known as "Fauvism." Matisse's friendship
with the pointillist Henri-Edmond Cross is also detailed, with
its consequent strengthening of Matisse's acquaintance with
symbolist aesthetics.
Review: Watkins, Nicholas. Review. Burlington Mag. 125
(January 1983): 42-43.

62. Bowness, Alan. Matisse et le nu. Paris: Albin Michel, 1968;

Bibliotheque d'art UNESCO, 1969.
Bowness comments with a connoisseur's sensitivity on some
thirty nude studies reproduced in this little book of plates,
primarily from the point of view of formal analysis and of the
development (or modification) of the artist's style. The author
takes at the artist's word that wh at is primary are "the lines and
special values that are spread throughout the whole canvas or
paper, in framing its orchestration, its architecture," rather than
the female figure as such, erotic or otherwise.

63. Brill, Frederick. Matisse. Series: The Colour Library of Art.

London: Paul Hamlyn Ltd., 1967, 1969. German ed.,
Wiesbaden, 1967.
An intelligent fourteen-page text introduces a book of forty-
eight color plates of discriminatingly chosen paintings by
Matisse. The text displays a sensitivity to the artist's spatial
play with colored planes that one would expect from a writer
familiar with contemporary (mid-1960s) color-field painting.
A short biographical chronology, Matisse's text "Notes of
Painter" (under the title "Matisse on Painting"), and short
commentaries on each painting are also inc1uded. The color
plates are quite good for an inexpensive book of this type.

64. Cassou, Jean. Matisse. Series: Couleurs des maitres. Paris:

Braun, 1939, 1947. New York: Tudor, 1939; Eng ed. as
22 GENERAL STUDIES

Paintings and Drawings of Matisse. London: Faber and Faber,

1948. Berlin: Kunstreihe des Safari-Verlags, 1959.
A sI im book of poor color reproductions of twenty-four of
Matisse's paintings. More valuable is the preface, written by
the French-Spanish poet and curator Jean Cassou and
illustrated on nearly every page with handsome line drawings
by Matisse from the late 1930s. Cassou's graceful homage to
Matisse on the eve of the "phony war" as the quintessential
French artist of his generation, standing in relation to
Cezanne, Van Gogh, and Gauguin as Valery stands to
Mallarme, foreshadows the role that would be given Matisse
after the war. Matisse's work is light, lucid, reasoned;
charming without being trivial, sensuous without being
vulgar, fecund without striving for novelty. Intellectual, but
without falling into mechanical formulas, according to
Cassou, Matisse achieves wisdom through instinct.
Reviews: Cogniat, R. Review. Beaux-Arts (June 30, 1939):
2; Babelon, J. Review. Gaz. beaux-arts 6,21 (May 1939):
325.

65. Cena, Olivier, ed. Matisse, une si profonde Legeriti. ...

Paris: Special issue of Tilirama (Les Hors-Serie), 1993.
Essentially a publicity journal on the occasion of the
exhibition, Henri Matisse, 1904-1917, at the Musee National
d' Art Moderne, this special issue of TiLerama nevertheless
contains a number of interesting interviews with those who
knew Matisse. Among these are interviews with Claude
Duthuit on his grandfather, Soeur Jacques-Marie (Monique
Bourgeois) on the artist's religious beliefs, Jacqueline Duheme
on her role as studio assistant from 1947-1952 (excerpts from
her book Line et les autres), Nadia Sednaoui on being his
model (from 1948), Dina Vierny and Paule Caen--also fonner
models--on his household and habits. There are also
reminiscences by Adrien Maeght, Rene Char, Franc;oise Gilot,
Cartier- Bresson, and Henry Deschamps of the Mourlot
Lithography Studio where Matisse's prints were pulled. Other
articJes, weil illustrated with many color plates, by Olivier
Cena, Michel Butor, Laurent Boudier, J.-M. G. Le Clezio,
GENERAL STUDIES 23

Tahar Ben Jelloun, and other writers are poetic meditations on

Matisse' s work.

66. Clement, Russell T. Henri Matisse, a Bio-Bibliography.

Series: Bio-Bibliographies in Art and Architecture, 2.
Westport, Conn., London: Greenwood Press, 1993.
A comprehensive bibliography, irrregularly annotated, on the
published works by or about Henri Matisse. Divided between
Primary Bibliography (Archival Material, and Writings,
Statements and Interviews by Matisse) and Secondary
Bibliography, the latter is divided broadly into four sections:
Life and Career, Works, Influence and Mentions, and
Exhibitions (Solo and Group). In most books on Matisse, his
"Life and Career" and "Works" are not clearly separated, thus
there is considerable arbitrariness in the author's sub-divisions
of these categories. Fortunately, the index is detailed; works,
names of authors, and subjects are each given their own
listings. The Archival Materials section and that on
Audiovisual Materials are especially good. This is a useful
bibliographic tool in spite of some errors, omissions, and
duplications. The exhibition catalogues are well-described
under Exhibitions, but are not otherwise retrievable. For
example, the catalogue, Matisse in Morocco, The Paintings
and Drawings 1912-1913, is neither listed under the sub-head,
"Matisse in Morocco" nor is it to be found in the index under
Subjects: "Morocco."

67. Courthion, Pierre. Henri-Matisse. Series: Maitres de l'art

moderne. Paris: Rieder, 1934.
The author of this short monograph professes himself anti-
historical and anti-nationalist in his evaluation of Matisse. He
claims for Matisse, rather, a more universal Mediterraneanism
over mere Northern Frenchness, and values the artist's quality
over his innovations. His evaluation of the artist is the
standard one of the period: Matisse's intellectual probity and
measured sensibility compensate for a certain lack of pictorial
imagination and emotional force. The interview section (pp.
41-46) is notable for Courthion's obtuseness in pressing
24 GENERAL STUDIES

parallels between Matisse's work and that of Velasquez and

Delacroix--parallels which Matisse rejects in favor of his
admiration for EI Greco and Goya. The young Swiss art
historian had al ready written monographs on Delacroix,
Poussin, Courbet and Lorrain by 1934. The book contains
fifty-eight pages of text and sixty quality half-tone
illustrations. "Rencontre avec Matisse," originally appeared in
Les Nouvelles litteraires (lune 1931):1

68. Courthion, Pierre. Le Visage de Matisse. Lausanne:

Marguerat, 1942. Originally published as "Henri Matisse
1942." Formes et Couleurs 2 (1942): 3-26.
This monograph, small in format but with twelve quality
black and white reproductions and four tipped-in plates in
color, was produced in Switzerland during the German
occupation of France. The author's observations on the artist,
to whom he had free access in the Hotel Regina in preparation
for a biography that never saw publication, contain some
subtle psychological observations on Matisse's recent work,
his manner of working, his relation to the objects depicted, and
his degree of abstraction. Dated July 14, the subtext of the
book is Matisse's "Frenchness" and the symbolic relevance of
his work at the current moment of national defeat. The
hagiographic tone of Courthion' s 1934 book, however, has
been replaced by a genuinely informed and critical approach.

69. Cowart, Jack, with Dominique Fourcade and Margrit

Hahnloser-Ingold. Henri Matisse, The Early Years in Nice
1916-1930. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art,
1986. Exhibition catalogue.
An exhibition catalogue which seriously addresses the
implications of the radical rupture in Matisse' s life and work
occasioned by his move to Nice in 1918. lack Cowart's essay
"The Place of Silvered Light: An Expanded, IlIustrated
Chronology of Matisse in the South of France, 1916-1932"
(no. 450) establishes a detailed record of Matisse's moves from
apartment to apartment, his short trips and returns to the
family house at Issy, and his use of specific, named models
GENERAL STUDIES 25

during these years. New historical evidence and period

photographs are culled from archival sources. Dominique
Fourcade, in his essay "An Uninterrupted Story" (no. 513)
offers an interpretation of the period's oeuvre in terms of its
relation to Matisse's lifelong project, a matter more of a
"surprising moment of transformation" in the artist's
"journey" than of a leave-of-absence from ambitious effort and
achievement. Fourcade's subtle and sensitive study proposes
these years as the artist's prolonged investigation of light that
is both non-impressionist and non-expressionist, of a new
treatment of space, and of a cinematic sequencing of scenes in
aserial progression. A historical survey of Matisse's patrons
of the period, "Collecting Matisses of the 1920s in the 1920s"
(no. 548), by Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold--herself the daughter
of such collectors--rounds out the texts in this important and
impeccably documented catalogue.
Reviews: Gibson, Eric. "American Round-up." Studio Int.
200, 1016 (May 1987): 32-34, and "The New Matisse,
Explorations of Interior Space." 1017 (August 1987): 48-49;
Hobhouse, Janet. "Odalisques: What Did These Sensuous
Images Really Mean to Matisse?" Connoisseur 217 (January
1987): 60-67; Neff, John H. "The Exhibition in an Age of
Mechanical Reproduction." Artforum 25,5 (January 1987):
86-90; Perl, Jed. "Matisse: Into the Twenties." New Criterion
5 (February 1987): 6-13; Si1ver, Kenneth. "Matisse's Retour
a l'Ordre." Art in America 75, 6 (June 1987): 110-23, 167-
69; Watkins, Nicholas. Review. Burlington Mag. 129, 1009
(April 1987): 273-74.

70. Cowart, Jack, and Pierre Schneider, with John Elderfield,

Albert Kostenevich, and Laura Coyle. Matisse in Morocco,
The Paintings and Drawings, 1912-1913. Washington, D.C.,
and New York: National Gallery of Art and Harry N. Abrams,
1990. Trans. by Anne Michel, except for essays by Pierre
Schneider and John Elderfield. French ed: Matisse au Maroc,
Peintures et Dessins, 1912-13, Paris: Adam Biro, 1990.
Exhibition catalogue.
26 GENERAL STUDIES

This beautifully produced catalogue provides an extensive

examination of Matisse's two painting sojourns in North
Africa, using a wealth of new documentary material and
iIlustrating even the sketch-book studies of the artists on site.
Besides important essays by Pierre Schneider ("The Moroccan
Hinge," no. 724), lack Co wart ("Matisse's Moroccan
Sketchbooks and Drawings: Self-discovery through Various
Motifs," no. 1031), lohn Elderfield ("Matisse in Morocco: An
Interpretive Guide," no. 488), and Albert Kostenevich ("The
Russian Collectors and Henri Matisse," no. 1335), the book
includes complete scholarly catalogue entries (paintings), a
detailed chronology of Matisse during his visits, and other
valuable documentation by Laura Coyle and Beatrice Kernan.
An exemplary text which provides much detailed information
while not neglecting a broad assessment of the importance of
the Moroccan trips to Matisse and his overall development.

7 I. Daftari, Feveshteh. Influence of Persian Art on Gauguin,

Matisse, and Kandinsky. New York and London: Garland
Publishing, 1991. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University,
1988.
This careful work, written by an Iranian knowledgeable about
the Persian art on which he writes, answers the question: what
Persian art could these artists have seen in Europe, how did
these works possibly influence the moderns--either by
confirming their own ongoing research or by presenting certain
stylistic devices not found in the Western tradition that they
could use. In the chapter on Matisse (Chapter 2, 156-252),
the author reviews the Islamic exhibitions to which Moreau
might have alerted his students in the 1890s, highlights
twentieth-century exhibitions, permanent and temporary, and
discusses the metalwork, ceramics, textiles, as weil as the
miniatures, from which Matisse might have drawn inspiration
and instruction. There is a weaIth of specific information in
this important account, which is always judiciously weighed
to arrive at (rightly) guarded conclusions.

72. Delectorskaya, Lydia. L'Apparente facilite. . . " Henri

Matisse, Peintures de 1935-1939. Paris: Adrien Maeght,
GENERAL STUDIES 27

1986. Translated by Olga Tourkoff as With Apparent ease . .. :

Henri Matisse, Paintings from 1935-1939. Paris: Adrien
Maeght, 1986.
A remarkably complete account of the work Matisse drew and
painted from March 1935 to September 1939, as recorded by
his Russian model, Lydia Delectorskaya, who was to remain
his secretary-companion until his death. Each painting and
every stage of each work is illustrated during this important
period when Matisse produced such major paintings as Pink
Nude, Roumanian Blouse, La Verdure. the Large Blue Robe
and Mimosas. and the RockefeIler overmantel, Song.
Delectorskaya also recorded Matisse's comments dictated at the
end of each work day from January 21 to March 9, 1936. An
invaluable and intimate record of the artist's working process
in the late 1930s; richly illustrated with reproductions and
documentary photographs.

73. Diehl, Gaston, with notices by Agnes Humbert. Henri

Matisse. Paris: Editions Pierre Tisne, 1954. English ed., New
York: Uni verse Books, 1958. German ed., Munich:
Neuausgabe, 1958, 1970.
This most extensive biographical study in French written in
Matisse's lifetime is partly based on original research in the
archives of the artist's native region. Diehl provides a detailed
and sensitive account of Matisse's early development, grapples
honestly with the diversity of the artist's approaches during the
"cubist" decade (1910-1918), and is especially perceptive in
discussing the problematic twenties work from a number of
angles--biographical, formal, thematic, socia!,' and economic.
The last period of Matisse's life (1928-1954) is hurried
through, but the final chapter--a thoughtful assessment of the
artist's contribution to twentieth-century culture, along with
the Gide, Valery, Poincare, Brunschwig, Bergson generation--
is weil worth reading. Also admirable are the scholarly notes
by Agnes Humbert on individual works There are forty high-
quality tipped-in plates in color and one hundred excellent half-
tones in black and white.
28 GENERALSTUDffiS

74. Diehl, Gaston. Henri Matisse. Series: Les Grands peintres

modernes. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Franc;aises, 1970.
A curiously assembled reprise (slightly revised) of the essential
information in the 1954 monograph by Diehl.; unbound pages
in a leatherbound cover and slipcase. Forty-eight too-bright
plates with short commentaries comprise most of the material.

75. Diehl, Gaston. Henri Matisse. Series: Les Miniatures

Hyperion, 20. Paris: Fernand Nathan, n. d. Translated by
Rosamund Frost. New Y ork: Hyperion, 1970.
A sm all booklet of plates with a short, general text to
introduce the work.

76. Durozoi, Gerard. Matisse, fes Chefs d'oeuvre. Series: Les

Chefs-d'oeuvre. Paris: Hazan, 1989. Translated by John
Greaves as Matisse. New York: Portland House, 1989;
distributed by Crown Publishers.
A reasonably fresh text in a cliched format, namely, general
introductory text followed by plates of the most important
works, each of the lauer with its own commentary. Plates are
of indifferent quality; some good photos of Matisse including a
rare 1944 shot by Cartier-Bresson of the painter laughing.

77. Duthuit, Georges. Georges Duthuit, Ecrits sur Matisse,

assembled, edited, and annotated by Remi Labrusse. Series:
Collection Beaux-Arts histoire. Paris: Ecole nationale
superieur des Beaux-Arts, 1992. English texts translated into
French by Bee Formantelli.
A collection of the writings on his father-in-law, Henri
Matisse, by the Byzantine scholar, Georges Duthuit. This
anthology contains some hard-to-find early texts from the
1920s, unpublished texts from conferences or unsubmitted
manuscripts, and essays that were originally published in
English, besides others that are more readily available. Eleven
texts are presented along with correspondence (pp. 206-74) and
recorded conversations (pp. 277-97) between the two men
whose relationship was not always amicable but always
GENERAL STUDIES 29

mutually respectful. The whole is preceded by an excellent

intellectual biography of Duthuit entitled "Georges Duthuit,
Henri Matisse: le critique et son peintre." Indispensable
volume for understanding the line of interpretation of
Matisse's work that runs from Matthew S. Prichard to Duthuit
to Pierre Schneider, the line that sees Matisse's achievement as
akin to that of Eastern art which is more architectual and
decorative, more musical (and abstract), more the result of a
collective esthetic and of ritual, than that of the West. An
extremely valuable collection.

78. Elderfield, lohn, with Riva Castleman and William S.

Lieberman. Matisse in the Collection oi the Museum oi
Modern Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1978.
One of the Museum' s publications on aspects of its permanent
collection, this carefully researched study of MoMA's rich
collection of Matisse works is a model of its kind. Each work
is given a full scholarly treatment of its state and provenance,
its preliminary sketches, sources, and related works, as weil as
formal and iconographic analysis. Riva Castleman provides
commentary on the prints (no. 268), William S. Lieberman on
the drawings (no. 291). An indispensable study on these
particular works by Matisse, including such important
paintings as Piano Lesson, Moroccans, Variation on a Still
Life by de Heem, and The Red Studio, among others.

79. Elderfield, lohn. Henri Matisse, A Retrospective. New York:

Museum of Modern Art, 1992. Exhibition catalogue.
Hardcover edition distributed by Harry N. Abrams. Inc., New
York.
The author proposes, in an ambitious, fi ve-part essay, to see
Matisse "whoie," that is, without an artificial periodization of
his oeuvre, without positing an irrevocable duality in his work
and personality, and without minimizing his iconography in
favor of his formal achievements or vice versa.
First, the author traces the rise of the major Matisse
interpretations that counteract the dominant critical label
"materialist hedonist"--namely, that Matisse's work is saved
30 GENERAL STUDIES

by its abstraction, its spirituality, and/or its subjectivity--by

demonstrating that the criticism arises consistently in relation
to that on Picasso. A view of modernism is thus constructed
which privileges Picasso and accepts Matisse as avant-garde
only insofar as he assumes "Picasso" characteristics. Next,
Elderfield analyzes the nature of the artist's project as the
construction of a representational sign, the realization of the
motif as an image, but an emotional, mental image recalled
from a visual one. Painting, a plastic sign, thus effects a
displacement and marks an absence, by the sublimated desire
arising from the "emotion of the ensemble" as metaphor.
Section Three deals with the "theatricality and absorption," the
"seen and the grasped," and the given and the withdrawn in
Matisse's portrayal of women. Primal themes and scenes are
discussed in Section Four in the context of Neo-Impressionism
and Fauvism, of childhood as the Golden Age, and of the
Imaginary, using Luxe, Calme et Volupte and Bonheur de
Vivre as originary and exemplary. Section Five c10ses with a
more historical treatment of Matisse's role in "The Birth of
Modern Painting." A profound and provocative essay on
Matisse's painting project by an author who has deeply
meditated on Matisse's works in alI media, singly and in
ensembles. Here, he makes fresh use of psychological and
semiotic tools to probe the artist's themes and processes. This
catalogue is also extremely valuable for the stunning new
chronology, compiled by Judith Cousins, based on extensive
new archival research, and the notes by Beatrice Keman.
Review: Cottington, David. "Matisse: Myth and History."
Art History 17 (June 1994): 278-84.

80. Elgar, Frank. Matisse. Greenwich, Conn: New York

Graphic Society, 1960.
A slight, smalI-format introduction to the artist's work by a
knowledgable modern art historian. Workmanlike text on the
artist's life and artistic development accompanying twenty
colored plates.
GENERAL STUDIES 31

81. Escholier, Raymond. Henri Matisse. Series: Anciens et

Modernes. Paris: Floury, 1937.
A book by Matisse's friend, Escholier, then the director of the
Musee de I'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, containing new
biographical material and many direct statements by the artist.
A sort of compensation for Matisse's being overlooked for a
major mural commission at the 1937 International Exposition,
the book is an affectionate and highly readable homage to an
artist of international reputation whose current work was yet to
be appreciated fully in his own country. The author is most at
horne writing of Matisse's origins and early triumphs and
about his more accessible easel painting; he relies on long
quotes by Andre Lhote (for historical perspective) and Louis
Gillet (on Matisse's Barnes Foundation mural) for added
support. Of small format, the book is weil iIIustrated with
eight color plates (many of recent work) and sixty black and
white halftones.

82. Escholier, Raymond. Henri Matisse, ce vivant. Paris:

Artheme Fayard, 1956. Freely translated as Matisse from the
Life, London: Faber & Faber, 1960. Translated by G. and H.
M. Colville as Matisse: A Portrait of the Artist and the Man,
New York: Praeger, 1960. Translated into German as Matisse:
Sein Leben und Schaffen, Zurich: Diogenes, 1958. Translated
by Albert Kostenevich as Matiss. Leningrad: Iskusstvo, 1979.
This text acts as arevision and expansion of the earlier 1937
work (no. 81). Of note are some unpublished letters to the
author from Matisse in his later years. There is not, however,
much new information or interpretation on the late career of
Matisse in this expanded version. Escholier cites extended
passages from the literature published on the artist in the two
preceding decades, especially Barr, Aragon, the commentary
concerning the Vence Chapel, and catalogue essays from
major Matisse exhibitions since 1937.
Review: [of German trans] "Henri Matisse; Sein Leben und
Schaffen by Escholier." Werk 47 (October 1960): supp. 207;
Lynton, N. "Review." [of Eng. trans.] Burlington Mag. 104
(May 1962): 220; Connoissseur 148 (December 1962): 326.
32 GENERAL STUDIES

83. Essers, Volkmar. Henri Matisse: 1896-1954, Meister der

Farbe. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1986. Translated by
Catherine Jumel as Henri Matisse: 1869-1954, Maltre de
Couleur, Fribourg: Medea, 1987. Translated into English by
Michael Hulse, Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1987.
This is yet another generously illustrated introduction to
Matisse's work for the general public. No new research;
intelligent use of published sources.

84. Faern, Jose, gen. ed. Matisse. Eng. ed., James Leggio;
translated from the Spanish by Teresa Waldes. English Series:
Great Modern Masters. New York: Abrams/ Cameo, 1995.

Primarily a picture-book with many colored plates, this

popular survey of Matisse's career and development is
unusually intelligent in its arrangement of related works that
visually inform the reader of thematic continuities, stylistic
developments, and Matisse's processes of simplification. The
text, though minimal and anonymous, is crisp and accurate in
its generalizations and in its details.

85. Faure, Elie. Henri Matisse par Elie Faure--Jules Romains--

Charles Vildrac--Leon Werth. Paris: Cahiers d'aujourd'hui,
Cres et Cie, 1920, 1923 [with new illustrations].
A richly illustrated monograph with separate essays by the
four authors. Faure makes a case for Matisse as an intellectual,
even metaphysical, artist, who, by mastering his instinct and
powerful sensations during aperiod (c. 1910-1916) of testing,
abstracting, and tempering his compositional structures,
emerges (c. 1920) purified and mature, able to integrate his
instinctive and intellectual sides. Romains notes that the
audacity of Matisse's early work has been united with the
structure that marks a timeless c\assicism, and that Matisse's
oeuvre will be counted as among the works that define the
early twentieth century. Vildrac's essay also emphasizes
Matisse's intellectual control over methods that remain,
nevertheless, instinctive and will never fall into academicism.
Werth's essay, a witty commentary on modern art, esthetics,
GENERAL STUDIES 33

and patronage, relates a fable of ades Esseintes-like decadent

connoisseur (cf. J. Huysman's De Rebours) whose jaded
symbolist taste can be satisfied finally only with a Matisse
canvas--a work "mingling a mathematics and a caprice, a
precision with charm." The texts remain the same in the 1923
edition, which is a more luxurious production with updated,
mostly post-war, illustrations.

86. Fels, Florent. Henri-Matisse. Paris: Chroniques du Jour,

1930. Identical format and illustrations, with different texts,
produced in English (Roger Fry, no. 92) and German (Gotthard
Jedlicka, no. 116), 1930.
Fels's monograph mingles fairly random esthetic observations,
artworld anecdotes, biographical bits about Matisse, and
statements by the artist that, while valuable in themselves, are
presented out of context and with no interpretation. This
impressionistic form of art writing, lacking the rigor of a c1ear
thesis or theoretical foundation, arose from the journalistic
review articles that were published in the new art magazines of
the twenties. Fels is anti-intellectual and favors a style which
"avoids the impressionist accident and the cubist catastrophe"
in favor of an expressive realism.

87. Ferrier, Jean-Louis. Matisse 1911-1930. Series: Encyclopedia

de I'Art-ABC, 44. Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1961. (Duthuit's
Matisse, Periode Fauve is no. 2 in the series; no. 1175.)
A pocket paperback of fifteen color plates, with a succinct,
intelligent discussion of the artist' s achievement and
importance, as seen from the perspective of the early 1960's
and valuable for that precise statement of contemporary
evaluation.

88. Flam, Jack 0., ed. Matisse. a Retrospective. New York:

Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1988, distributed by
Macmillan.
A valuable anthology of critical writings on Matisse,
translated from French, German, Russian, Outeh, and Japanese
sourees. A very intelligent and complete selection of texts
34 GENERAL STUDIES

dating from 1896 to 1954, some are translated and/or reprinted

for the first time; two key texts by Matisse are also included:
"Notes of a Painter" (1908), and "Notes of a Painter on his
Drawing" (1939). The serious scholar is advised that there are a
few minor factual errors in the notes and, more seriously, that
there is no indication when an article has been shortened or
excerpted. The book is handsomely produced and richly
iIIustrated.

89. Flam, lack D. Matisse, the Man and His Art, 1869-1918.
London and Ithaca: Comell University Press, 1986.
The first of a projected two-volume artistic biography, Flam's
book is the first serious successor, thirty-five years later, to
Barr's complete treatment of Matisse's Iife and oeuvre. Flam' s
text integrates biographical and psychological insights with
interpretations of Matisse's works, both individually and
serially, that is, in their historical development. The book
incorporates all the post-Barr scholarship on the artist, corrects
data on the artist's Iife and on specific works, is meticulously
documented and contains a judicious bibliography of the most
essential Matisse literature. After Barr, this is the most
essential critical/biographical work on Matisse; the second
volume is eagerly awaited.
Review: Review: Bryson, Norman. Review. Times Lit.
Supp. (March 27, 1987): 328; Cook, Lynne. Review. Art
Monthly 105 (April 1987): 30-31; Elderfield, lohn. Review.
Art in America 75, 4 (April 1987): 13-21; Herbert, lames D.
"Matisse without History [Reviews of both Schneider (1984)
and Flam (1986)]." Art History 11, 2 (June 1988): 297-302.

90. Fourcade, Dominique. Matisse au Musee de Grenoble.

Grenoble: Musee de Grenoble, 1975.
A smalI, but extremely important, study on the works of
Matisse at the Musee de Grenoble, the first museum of modem
art in France, established as such by Andry-Farcy in 1919. The
museum received the Agutte-Sembat collection of Matisse
works in 1923 on the deaths of these early collectors. With
additional gifts from the Matisse family, it became the most
GENERAL STUDIES 35

comprehensive and earliest public collection of the artist's

work in France. Fourcade's essay is remarkable for
synthesizing the whole innovative strategy of Matisse's early
painting through his analysis of the particular works in this
collection. Among others, these inc1ude the artist' s free copy
of Carracci's The Hunt, Marguerite Reading, Oriental Rugs,
Seated Nude of 1909, and the incomparable Still Life [Interior]
with Egg Plants. A number of important drawings are also
evaluated, while Large Woodcut, Seated Nude stands in for
Fauve painting of 1904-05 (not in the collection) and is
brilliantly analysed for its innovations in Matisse's all-over
figure-ground compositional practice thereafter. A very rich
essay, full of new insights and discoveries, on a singular
collection.

91. Fournet, Claude. Matisse, Terre-Lumiere. Series: Collection

Ecriture ! Figures, directed by Michel Delorme. Paris: Editions
Galilee, 1985.
A poet's evocation of Matisse in a text as delicate as a
butterfly's wing. The painter is seen in Mallarmean terms of
whiteness, emptiness, space, transparency, breath, and silence.
The small book is beautifully produced on coated stock, richly
illustrated with reproductions of sculpture and some of
Matisse's finest drawings.
Review! interview: Girard, Xavier. "Claude Fournet, Picasso,
Matisse, roman." Art Press Int. 98 (December 1985): 49.

92. Fry, Roger. Henri Matisse. Paris: Chroniques du Jour; New

York: E. Weyhe, 1930. (Identical format and illustrations,
with different texts, produced in French [Florent Fels, no. 86]
and German [Gotthard Jedlicka, no. 116], 1930.)
Fry situates his discussion of Matisse in the dual problematic
of painting (that is, its nature as a diversely colored surface and
as an illusion of the three-dimensional world) and in the
duality of the artist's role (that is, as a seer and as a maker!
artisan). With Cezanne as the model of an artist who did not
sacrifice plasticity for surface unity, Fry praises Matisse who
works consciously and successfully with the allusive-elliptical
36 GENERAL STUDIES

nature of pictorial representation. He calls attention to the

painter's linear rhythm and plastic color sense as weil as his
extraordinarily self-critical development. Fry is one of the
critics of the period to note that Matisse has begun to
reinvestigate the premises of his "stark. structural" work of
1910-1916, ending the cyc\e ofthe more relaxed Nice style of
1917-1926. Of the latter work, Fry astutely notes that "the
more cultured rich" succumbed to the style because they
recognized in it "the etherealized expression of their own
aspirations" in its "epicurean simplicity" and refined hedonism.
This is an important and influential text for the appreciation of
Matisse in English-speaking countries.

93. Fry, Roger. Henri. Matisse. London and New York:

Zwemmer and E. Weyhe, 1935. French edition: Paris, 1936.
Same text as 1930 edition (no. 92), with substantial changes
in illustrations.

94. George, Waldemar. Matisse. Series: Medecines / Peintures,

77. Arceuil: Innothera, 1956.
In a pharmaceutical journal's special issue given over to a
monograph on Matisse, George gives his postwar assessment
of the recently deceased artist--ironically enough. amidst
advertisements for calmatives, restoratives, purgatives. and
cold remedies. His account ofMatisse's career and development
is workmanlike, comprehensive, and accurate. Interestingly.
George interprets Matisse's 1917-1925 period as a
countermove against the "irrealisme, " that is, surrealism, of
the period which had become a "dogma" and, moreover, an
"evasion or compensation" for the troubles of the times. The
author remarks that in the post-World War 11 period Matisse
had once more become relevant to young colorist painters.

95. Gilot, Fran~oise. Matisse and Picasso, A Friendship in the

Arts. New York: Doubleday, 1990.
Amplified reminiscences by the woman who was Picasso's
companion from 1946 to 1953 and the author of Life with
Picasso (1964). Gilot focuses on Matisse, his relationship
GENERAL STUDIES 37

with Picasso, and his encouragement of the author who is also

a painter. Although conversations are reinvented and events
telescoped or embellished, Gilot is an intelligent and sensitive
participant in the earlier discussions on art, aesthetics, and life.
In spite of occasional factual errors, as a whole the portraits of
the artists ring true. The double portrait of the two competitive
friends is, without slighting Picasso and his genius, a homage
to the older artist whom the author greatly admires.
Review: Christy, Marian. "Fran<;oise Gilot, inedites
revelaciones sobre Pablo Picasso." Correo del Arte 78 (March
1991): 17.

96. Girard, Xavier. Henri Matisse, Les Chefs-d'oeuvre du Musee

Matisse de Nice-Cimiez. Cahiers Henri Matisse 7. Dijon:
Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, 1991. Exhibition catalogue.

Elegant catalogue, edited by Xavier Girard, the director of the

Musee Matisse at Nice, handsomely illustrating a rich
selection of oils, bronzes, drawings, prints, and other books
and objects from the collection, including material related to
the Chapel at Vence Girard provides brief introductory essays
on the establishment of the museum's collection and on each
section (Peintures, Dessins, Sculptures, Gouaches decoupees,
Gravures, La Dance, and Chapelle de Vence) but the wealth of
the catalogue is in its commentaries on each work and the full
documentation as to provenance, exhibition history, and
bibliography of the works included. Over ninety works are
exquisitely reproduced in this sumptuous volume which
situates them historically and also interptets them in broad
thematic and stylistic contexts.

97. Girard, Xavier. Henri Matisse: "Une Splendeur inoui ... " .
Series: Decouvertes Gallimard. Paris: Gallimard, 1993.
Trans. into English by I. Mark Paris as Henri Matisse, The
Wonder of Color. Paris: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.
A popular, small-format book that covers the traditional
ground of biography intermingled with stylistic development.
Totally modern in its layout, the book presumes the short
38 GENERAL STUDIES

attention-span of its readers by breaking up the text and page-

layouts into information-bites. The nearly marginless pages
are crammed with documentary photographs, reproductions of
Matisse's art works, side-bars of direct citations from
Matisse' s words or from critics' comments, and running text.

98. Girard, Xavier, ed. Matisse aujourd'hui. Nice-Cimiez: Musee

Matisse, 1993. Cahiers Henri Matisse 5.
Aseries of short essays, originally papers at a conference in
Nice in 1987, on the relevance of Matisse at the present
moment, a moment at last not unduly influenced, according to
the editor, by the doxa on the artist propagated by Matisse
hirnself. The seventeen essays are of varying length and
substantiality. Old hands, such as Jack Flam (no. 1046), Jean-
Claude Lebensztejn, Marcelin Pleynet, Dora Vallier, Jean
Guichard-Meili, and Jean-Franc;ois Chevrier are represented as
weil as newer voices such as Jean Arrouye who analyses the
Stations of the Cross of the Vence Chapel (no. 1166), Deepak
Ananth who deals with the "Oriental frames" in Matisse's
work, Yves Michaud who writes on the influence of Matisse
on Hantai' and Viallat, Eric de Chassey who reviews the
American response to Matisse be(ween 1940 and 1970, and
Jacques Soulillou who probes the semiotic ramifications of
Matisse's use of "signs." The other authors are Daniel
Dobbels, Chan tal Thomas, Catherine Francblin, Monique
Frydman, Pierre Buraglio, and Jacques Martinez.

99. Golding, John. Matisse and Cubism. Glasgow: University of

Glasgow Press, 1978.
The only study, actually an expanded lecture of some nineteen
pages, precisely on Matisse's relation to Cubism by an
eminent scholar of the movement. Golding's insights are to
be feit in all subsequent writing on Matisse's 1910-1917 work.
Matisse's contribution to the cubist experiment is examined,
as is his alternate exploration (c.191O-1911) of the space of
Islamic miniatures, his attempt to pi ace cubist spatial
conventions at the service of larger spatial vistas, his use of
GENERAL STIJDIES 39

the grid under the sympathetic guidance of Juan Gris, and his
ultimate use of colored "compositional cells" to organize some
of his finest work of the period. Golding concIudes that
Cubism "suggested to [Matisse] ways in which he could
manipulate space in a freer and more abstract fashion that
would parallel or complement the coloristic abstraction
achieved during years in which he had been assimilating and
consolidating the Fauve experiment."

100. Göpel, Barbara, and Erhard, eds. Hans Purrmann. an Hand

seiner Erzählungen. Schriften und Briefe zusammengestellt.
Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1961.
This text gathers into a single volume the published articIes of
Purrmann wh ich incIude a number on Matisse by his friend
and former pupil. IncIudes "Aus der Werkstatt Henri Matisse"
(1922), "Introduction to Thannhauser Exhibition" (1930),
"Über Henri Matisse" (1946), and miscellaneous writings on
Matisse, incIuding Purrmann's answers to Barr's 1951
questionnaires in preparation for his book.
Review: Luzzatto, Guido L. "11 Giudizio di Hans Purrmann
sui Maestri Francesi." Commentari 11, III-IV (July-December
1960): 284-291.

101. Gowing, Lawrence. Henri Matisse. 64 Paintings. New York:

Museum of Modern Art, 1966. Exhibition catalogue.
This short catalogue essay, "Matisse: the Harmony of Light,"
is the genesis of Gowing's book on Matisse (no. 103); it is
the retained nucIeus of that text and of the expanded version of
1968 (no. 102). In its original form, "Matisse: the Harmony
of Light," was reprinted in 1979 as a Medaenas Monograph
on the Arts (The Artist's Limited Edition), a large-format
portfolio, in conjunction with the Museum of Modern Art.
Reprinted in Kaplan, P. and S. Manso, eds. Major European
Art Movements. 1900-1945. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1977.
See no. 103 for a more extensive discussion of contents.

102. Gowing, Lawrence. Henri Matisse: a Retrospective

Exhibition. London: The Arts Council of Great Britain, 1968.
40 GENERAL STUDIES

A developed version of the 1966 catalogue (no. 101), with

modifications of earlier views. For example, Gowing gives
more weight to the importance for Matisse of neo-
impressionist color usage in the 1966 text than in this
versIOn; a further modification of his views on this
relationship reaches its maturity in the final, more complete
study (no. 103).

103. Gowing, Lawrence. Matisse. London: Thames and Hudson;

New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
This text is an expansion of the author's first study of Matisse,
the Museum of Modern Art's exhibition catalogue, Henri
Matisse, 64 Paintings, of 1966 (no. 101). Gowing, hirnself a
painter, is unsurpassed in his interpretation of Matisse's early
development as a colorist in search of light (Fauvism) and no
less analytically brilliant in his treatment of Matisse's work in
the 191Os, namely, the decorative panels and the "cubist"
experiments. That the expanded text favors the early part of
Matisse's career is indicated by the fact that seventy per cent of
the text is devoted to the first half of the painter's life. Besides
scanting the later work, the author really deals with Matisse
only as a painter. Still, this is an essential study of Matisse's
pictorial achievement and a subtle study of his psychological
makeup. Gowing's insights into Matisse the man are as
probing as those into Matisse the painter.
Review: Schneider, Pierre. "Matisse." Burlington Mag. 122,
928 (July 1980): 510; Perl, Jed. "Matisse." Art in America
68,9 (November 1980): 21-25; Watkins, Nicholas. Review.
Art Monthly 33 (February 1980): 27-28.

104. Greenberg, Clement. Matisse. New York: Harry N. Abrams

and Pocket Books, Inc., 1953; London: Collins, 1955.
A small but important monograph by a critic who, having
learned from Hans Hofmann how to look at Matisse, was in
the process of developing his ideas on the history of
modernism as a narrative of two-dimensional anti-illusionism.
By 1952, Greenberg was America's most influential critic, but
he had insisted on the importance of Matisse for the previous
GENERAL STUDIES 41

fifteen years. The book consists mainly of commentary on

individual paintings, reproduced in medium-quality plates.

105. Grünewald, Isaac. Matisse och expressionismen. Stockholm:

Wahlström & Widstrand, 1944.
A lively and admiring account of Grünewald's former teacher,
Matisse; weil illustrated with mostly line drawings. Author
draws on his early experiences in Paris, and on the years 1908
to 1914. In eighteen short chapters (that on "Matisse as
Sculptor" is only four pages long), many aspects of Matisse's
work are introduced, but little is developed in depth or with
original insights. Of special value is the chapter on the
Swedish critics and their objections to the work of Matisse and
his pupils. The expressionism of the title is the standard idea
that the artist, avoiding anecdote and emotional subject matter,
renders his plastic means expressive, achieving a "mean" of
feeling somewhere between that of his forebears, Cezanne and
Van Gogh.

106. Guadagnini, Walter. Matisse. Milan: Mondadori, 1993.

Translated into English by Richard Pierce, Milan and New
York: BDD IIIustrated Books, 1993.
A well-produced book of plates of Matisse's paintings and
sculptures, with a substantial preface and texts introducing
periods of Matisse's oeuvre. While offering no new research,
the twenty-two page preface is gracefully written and rich in
documentary photos (all previously published) of the artist.
Brief biography and bibliography. Some of the three hundred
color plates are very far off the true color of the paintings. A
recent entry into the seemingly insatiable market for picture-
books of the artist's work with a general introductory text.

107. Guichard-Meili, lean. Henri Matisse, son oeuvre, son univers.

Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1967. Translated by Caroline Moorehead
as Matisse. Series: World of Art Profile. New York and
Washington: Frederick A. Praeger, 1967. Translated by
Susanne B. Mi1czewsky as Matisse. Cologne: M. Dumont
Schaubert, 1968.
42 GENERAL STUDIES

A balanced general survey of Matisse's oeuvre in all media,

with a special attempt made to situate the artist's beginnings
in his late nineteenth-century milieu, and to treat his subjects
and themes as weIl as his formal innovations. The author
pays attention to the present location of Matisse's works in
private collections and museums (though the information is
incomplete and sometimes inaccurate) and gives abrief
bibliographic survey of the literature on the artist. Unusually
comprehensive for a general survey of this length.

108. Guichard-Meili, Jean. Matisse. Series: Les Grands Maitres de

Notre Temps. Paris: Editions Aimery Somogy, 1986.
A slight expansion and rearrangement of the 1967 text (no.
107). Errors have not been corrected in the updated list of
present locations of works; in fact, new errors occur.

109. Guillaud, Jacqueline, and Maurice. Matisse, Le rythme et La

Ligne. Paris, New York: Editions Guillaud, 1987; Stuttgart:
Klett-Cotta, 1987. Translated into English by Jack Flam,
Timothy Best, and Eleanor Levieux as Matisse, Rhythm and
Line. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., 1987.
A lavishly produced picture book of Matisse paintings,
graphics, and book illustrations which are interspersed with
statements by Matisse appropriate to the images. Two major
texts are reproduced: Susan Lambert, "About the Matisse
Lithographs," (originally published as Matisse Lithographs,
New York, 1982, no. 242), and Brenda Richardson, "Dr.
Claribel and Miss Etta," (substantial portions of Chapter 3 of
Dr. ClarabeL and Miss Etta, The Cone Collection, Catalogue
of the Cone Collection of the Baltimore Museum of Art,
Baltimore, 1985, no. 1289). While frequently aptly chosen,
the quotations by Matisse are given without source, date, or
context. Moreover, the texts are printed in sizes, colors, and
arrangements that are often irritatingly arbitrary. Still, the
volume, with its gold interleafing and high-quality printing, is
a visual fe ast and provides 714 illustrations of some works
infrequently reproduced. Among the latter are a generous
sampling of the book maquettes and drawings from the
GENERAL STUDIES 43

Baltimore Museum of Art and the Bibliotheque Jacques

Doucet, and graphics from the Bibliotheque Nationale and
other French museums and collections. The factual material in
the book (biography, bibliography, information on works in
series) is startlingly inaccurate and/or inadequate.

110. Herrera, Hayden. Matisse. A Portrait. New York: Harcourt

Brace, 1993.
A "portrait" that gathers biographical information and
reminiscences about the artist that have already appeared in the
major studies on Matisse, for example, Barr (1951), Escholier
(1960), Gowing (1979), Flam (1973 and 1986), and Schneider
(1984). Besides lacking any new data, this "biography" offers
few fresh insights into or personal interpretation of the artist's
personality or character. It is, nevertheless, a useful
compendium of personal information on the artist for the
general reader. WeIl illustrated with photographs and
reproductions in black and white, many of the book's color
plates are singularly poor in color fidelity to the originals.
Review: Denvir, Bernard. "The Ferocious Fauve," New York
Times Book Rev.. 1993.

111. Horter, Earl, ed. Picasso. Matisse. Derain. Modigliani.

Philadelphia: H. C. Perleberg, 1930.
An album of good quality, half-tone reproductions of figure
paintings and drawings by four modern artists, serving as an
introduction to modern art for Americans who might be
conservative in their tastes; twenty-four works by Picasso,
eleven paintings and five drawings by Matisse. Although
except for the 1916 painting of Lorette, Italian Woman. all
Matisse paintings are 1920s odalisques. Horter notes: "The
works of Matisse could not be covered in a single volume. but
the plates shown here give a comprehensive idea of the varied
phases of his paintings and drawings--his drawings alone
proving hirn one of the foremost draftsmen of all time." Four
of the drawings are of Henriette from 1919-20.
44 GENERAL STUDIES

112. Hunter, Sam. Henri Matisse. Series: Metropolitan Museum of

Art Miniatures. New York: Book of the Month Club, 1956.
AsIender paper-bound pamphlet with twenty-four tipped-in
plates of good quality is accompanied by a slight, but
extremely intelligent, general text that follows the critical lead
of Roger Fry in valuing Matisse as an artist who is able to
"again and again put his whole art in question, unbiased by
past achievement." The author sees hirn in the tradition of
Manet and Cezanne, using a radical empiricism be fore nature
to initiate a rational, but totally transformative, experiment in
art. Nearly four decades after its composition, this critical
analysis ofMatisse's contribution remains as freshly perceived
and true as when it was written.
113. Huyghe, Rene. Matisse. Series: Le Grand Art in Livres de
Poche, 13. Paris: Flammarion, 1953.; Cercle d'Art, 1989.
A short text (four pages) by Huyghe as introduction to plates
with commentaries by Lydia Huyghe; same plates as
Greenberg (1953), no. 104.

114. Izerghina, A. Henri Matisse Paintings and Sculpture in Soviet

Museums. Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers, 1978.
Translated by R. 1. Rosengrant from the original Russian
edition. Translated into French by M.-H. Correard, A. Pascal,
and T. Gurewitch, Leningrad, Aurora Art Publishers, 1990.
An extremely valuable annotated catalogue of the great works
by Matisse at the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in
Moscow and the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad; each is
weil illustrated and meticulously researched for provenance,
bibliography, and exhibition history. Izerghina provides an
introductory essay that gives an overall account of Matisse's
life and work.
Review: Perl, Jed. "Review." Art in America 68, 9
(November 1980): 21-25.

115. Jacobus, John. Henri Matisse. Series: Library of Great

Painters. New York: Abrams, 1973; London: Thames and
Hudson, 1973; Ital. ed. Milan: Gazanti, 1974; French ed.
GENERAL STUDIES 45

Paris: Cercle d' Art, 1974. Reissued in concise edition by

Abrams, 1983; French ed. Paris: Ars Mundi, 1986; German
ed. Cologne: Du Mont, 1989.
A general study of Matisse's Iife and oeuvre, lavishly
illustrated with plates of rather mediocre quality. After a
graceful and synthesizing introduction, the author provides
commentary on forty major works that is both formally
sensitive and learned in its art historical comparisons and
references. An introductory survey more weil informed than
most, Jacobus's text develops the idea that Matisse symbolized
the artist's creation of a magical harmony through the motif of
his own studios portrayed as pictorial environments.
Reviews: Gowing, Lawrence. "Matisse [review of Jacobus'
book, Flam's Matisse on Art and Dominique Fourcade's Henri
Matisse: Ecrits et propos sur l'art]." Art in America 63 (July-
August 1975): 17; Wemer, A. "Matisse." American Artist 39
(August 1975): 12-13.

116. Jedlicka, Gotthard. Henri-Matisse. Paris: Chroniques du Jour,

1930.
The German monograph published simultaneously with that of
Florent Fels (French), no. 86, and Roger Fry (English), no.
92, in identical format and illlustrations. Jedlicka's text is less
anecdotal than Fels's and less profoundly critical than Fry's.
For a German audience, Jedlicka reviews Matisse's Iife and
stylistic development and defends the latest (1919-1929) works
as the culmination and flowering of Matisse's life-Iong
esthetic project. He sees no real break between early and late
work, the laUer having the suppleness and charm that the
"warm-up discipline" of the earlier, more abstract, works made
possible. An interpretive, persuasive text more than an art
historicalor critical effort. His placement of Matisse in a
solid nineteenth century tradition--Delacroix, Courbet, Manet--
is more rhetorical than historical, but the author claims that
Matisse had "pulled his weight" in the emancipation of color
and form that marks modern painting.

117. Kampis, Antal. Matisse. Budapest, 1959.

46 GENERAL STUDIES

A short general text on the artist accompanying aseries of

plates reproducing the artist' s work.

118. Kawashima, Riichiro. Matisse. Tokyo: Atelier-Sha, 1934,

1936; Flam, no. 88,291-94.
A book of twenty-six plates (six in color), preceded by
fourteen pages of text by a Japanese artist who was a regular
visitor to Paris, and who interviewed Matisse in 1931 during
the Georges Petit Gallery retrospective. Matisse explains his
work in terms he thinks an Asian might appreciate, especially
with reference to the artist's reverent attitude toward nature, his
respect for traditions both Western and Eastern, the musical
structure of art works, and the necessity for industriousness and
hard work. But the author notes that Matisse also stresses
individuality and personal expression and; in fact, though
Kawashima sees no lessening of the artist's powers in his later
work, he expresses a preference for Matisse's works of c.
1915, for their originality and contemporaneity. The direct
quotes from Matisse offer characteristic views of the artist.

119. Klein, John R. "The Portraits and Self-Portraits of Henri

Matisse." Ph. D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1990.
Klein discusses Matisse' s portrait oeuvre as a social
transaction between artist and sitter in wh ich the artist's self-
expression is in play with the sitter's individuality. As the
artist's expression or self-projection (even, and especially,
when formal innovation is primary) is the dominant aspect of
Matisse's practice, Klein finds that the individuality of the
sitter is nearly always ecIipsed by the painter's pictorial and
emotional needs. For this reason, Klein treats the portraits of
"c1ass-equivalent" models and family members in greatest
detail, while images of paid models are not considered at all,
because the author does not consider them portraits. Klein sets
his study in the context of Matisse's self-construction as an
artist in his early years and his public self-construction (or
promotion) as a professional in his mature years. The study
concIudes with a cIose textual study of Matisse's two major
GENERAL STUDIES 47

statements on portraits: "Exactitude Is Not Truth" (1947) and

"Portraits" (1954).

120. Kober, Jacques, ed. Henri Matisse. Pierre a Feu. Paris:

Galerie Maeght, Les Miroirs Profonds, 1947. Reprint in
miniature edition of "Les miroirs profonds," inexpensively
produced in newsprint but with five-color cover.
This luxury edition of less than 999 copies, printed by Draeger
Freres for Galerie Maeght contains a five-coior lithographed
cover and an original woodcut along with fourteen unpublished
(in 1946) heliogravures by Matisse. The essays and poems
celebrate the end of war and occupation, the survival of culture,
and the French spirit as much as they do Matisse, whose work
is nevertheless viewed as a crystallization of all these
blessings. Contributions inc1ude Aragon's "Matisse ou les
semblances fixees," Andre Marchand's interview with Matisse
entitled "L'Oeil," Luc Decaunes' "Victoires de Matisse," and
Kober's essay "Matisse 1946."

121. Kostenevich, Albert. Henri Matisse. Series: Masters ofWorld

Painting. In Russian. Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers, 1981.
Translated by Monika Wilkenson and Peter Waldron in
English ed., New York: Abrams, 1981.
An album of fifteen color plates of Matisse's work, preceded
by a general, workmanlike introduction by a distinguished
Russian art historian and Matisse specialist.

122. Kostenevich, Albert, and Natalya Semenova. Matisse et La

Russie. Paris: Flammarion, 1992. Translated into English as
Collecting Matisse. Paris: Flammarion, 1993.
A wonderfully comprehensive treatment of Matisse and his
Russian patrons drawn from Russian archival sources. Four
historical chapters by Natalya Semyonova on the art c1imate of
the period in Russia, the personal histories of the collectors
Ivan Morosov and Sergei Shchukin, details of Matisse's visit
to Russia in 1911, and the subsequent fate of the collections
after 1917 are richly illustrated with archival and family
photographs and documents. This is followed by an extensive
48 GENERAL STUDIES

selection of the Moscow press coverage of Matisse's visit

there. Equally valuable and weil annotated is the complete
correspondence between Matisse and his two patrons included
at the end of the book. The six chapters at the heart of the
book comprise a critical commentary by Albert Kostenevich,
curator of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century French
painting department at the Hermitage. Given the considerable
interpretive scholarship already devoted to these works,
Kostenevich's text is fresh and balanced. A splendid addition to
recent Matisse scholarship.

123. Labaume, Vincent. Matisse. Paris: Hazan, 1993.

A picture-album of some eighty color plates of Matisse's
paintings, with abrief introductory text, biographical
chronology, and selected bibliography. Offers nothing new
from the many other examples of its kind in the Matisse
publications.

124. Lassaigne, Jacques. Matisse, Etude biographique et critique.

Geneve: Albert Skira, 1959. Translated by Stuart Gilbert as
Matisse, A Biographical and Critical Study. Cleveland:
World Publishing Company, 1959.
A smalI, elegant, square-format book with excellent tipped-in
plates. a fine biographical sketch, good bibliography.
Lassaigne's solid and insightful text stresses Matisse's
awareness of his times but his independence from movements
and trends. The author also recognizes the importance of Neo-
Impressionism for Matisse, its lasting effect on his aesthetic.
Especially strong in the early period of painting; graphics and
sculpture are not dealt with and the chapel and cut-paper work
hardly at all.
Review: Habasque, G. "Matisse." L'Oeil 64 (April 1960):
64.

125. Lejard, Andre. Matisse, seize peintures, 1939-43. Paris:

Edition du Chene, 1943. Reprinted as Paintings, 1939-46,
with new introduction by Denys Stutton. London: Lindsay
Drummond Ltd.; Paris: Editions du Chene, 1946.
GENERAL STUDIES 49

An album of recent pamtmgs by the artist, beautifully

reproduced on heavy paper, with an introduction by Lejard,
director of the Editions du Chene. The tipped-in color plates
are exceptionally fine in all editions; the later edition has
added two post-1943 paintings. Lejard' s essay is marked by a
stress on Frenchness and national traditions, on rural and
natural subjects, and pre-industrial artisinal values that he
helped to propagate through the group known as Jeune
Peintres de Tradition Franc;;aise during the occupation. He calls
attention to the relation of Matisse's Jazz and the illuminated
manuscript, The Apocalypse of Saint Sever, which had been
published in Verve in Spring of 1938, the issue in which
Matise's "Divagations" had appeared. A facsimile version of
the Apocalypse was published in 1943.

126. Lejard, Andre. Henri Matisse. Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1948,

1952. Translated into English, New York: Continental Book
Center, 1948. Translated into German, Saarbri.icken: Saar
Verlag, 1947, introduction by H. H. Gowa.
Lejard's fifteen pages of text (twenty color plates) in this
small-format book accord Matisse the honor of rescuing
French painting from its dependence on post-Renaissance
naturalism and psychological expressionism. Fauvism was
that "liberating movement" in which color came to play the
major role in replacing both Italianate linear mannerism and
impressionist illusionism. Jazz. according to Lejard, is a
major turning point in Matisse's work. the first of a long
research in which he becomes "worthy of color" and attains the
purity and universality of the art of the Middle Ages.
Illustrations very like those of Greenberg (1953), no. 104, and
Huyghe (1953 ), no. 113.

127. Leveque, Jean-Jacques. Matisse. Paris: Club d'Art Bordas,

1968. Reprint of Le Arti 7-8 (July-August 1967): 12-33, in
Italian.
A graceful general text accompanying a generous number of
plates of fair quality in a livre de poche format. The author
50 GENERAL STUDIES

reviews Matisse's career and stylistic development, primarily

in painting.

128. Leymarie, Jean. Matisse. Paris: 1964, 1970. Translated into

Italian as Matisse. Series: I maestri deI colore, no. 50.
Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1964. Translated by Ronald Alley,
New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1978.
A short text of the most general nature precedes a twenty-three
page book of plates in aseries on famous artists as colorists.

129. Leymarie, Jean, Herbert Read, and WiIIiam Lieberman. Henri

Matisse. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California
Press, 1966. Exhibition catalogue.
A major exhibition of Matisse's work in every medium is
accompanied by three extended essays that summarize--along
with the essays of Lawrence Gowing and Clement Greenberg
of the same year--the artist' s reputation a decade after his death.
Leymarie's "The Painting of Matisse" offers a complete if
summary resume of the artist's development which
acknowledges his debt to Cezanne and Neo-Impressionism,
deals judiciously with his relation to Cubism, has some
interesting insights on his transformation of "exotic" sources,
and gives full analysis to the formal strength of the paintings
of the 1940s. "In an era of confusion and anxiety, wh ich so
many artists inevitably echo in their work," Leymarie
concIudes, "Matisse adopts a compensatory vision of 'balance
and purity,' restores the Olympian worship of happiness ...
the pagan poet of light-without-shade." The essays by Herbert
Read and William Lieberman are summarized in the section,
Specific Media: Sculpture (no. 211) and Graphics (no. 292),
respectively.
Review: Seldis, Henry. "Exhibition Preview, Matisse in Los
Angeles." Art in America 53 (December 1965): 76-9; Werner,
A. Review. Art Quarterly 30 (1967): 97, 99.

130. Liessegang, Susanne. Henri Matisse, Gegenstand und

Bildrealität. Dargestellt an Beispielen der Malerei zwischen
GENERAL STUDIES 51

1908 und 1918. Bergisch Gladbach, Cologne: Verlag Josef

Eul, 1994.
The author seeks to sunnount the unresolved polarities pointed
up (but according to Liessegang hannonized only by reference
to extra-pictorial "truth") in the major literature on Matisse.
Leissegang uses both a structuralist and a phenomenological
approach. She analyzes in cIose detail several works, 1nterior
with Eggplants, Dance, Rose and White Head, 1nterior with
Goldfish Bowl, and The Painter in his Studio, in order to
examine the structural properties of these works from the point
of view of what is seen. This is done in order to stress the
material reality of the works and to seek to understand through
them the picture-building principles enunciated in Matisse's
statements--especially with respect to figure/ground relations,
the role of surface and spatial cIues, the recognition of primary
gestalts before image-content, and the nature of the decorative
in its Western tradition. Matisse's texts are used to interpret
the works, and the works to understand the texts in a cIosed
circle. An ambitious and well-developed thesis.

131. Lübecker, Pierre. Matisse. Series: Malerkunstens Mestre

[The Masters of Paintingj. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1955.
A Danish version of the pocket-book format produced by
Abrams (with text by Greenberg) in 1953; in London by
Collins in 1955. Twenty-eight color plates of decent quality
are each accompanied by a short commentary and the whole is
prefaced by a four-page biographical introduction. This
version has a new text by Pierre Lübecker in a format
otherwise identical with the Greenberg edition, no. 104.

132. Luzi, Mario, and Massimo Carra. L'Opera de Matisse dalla

rivolta jauve all'intimismo, 1904-1928. Milan: Rizzoli
Editore, 1971. Dutch edition, Rotterdam, 1976; Spanish
edition, Barcelona: Noguer, 1976. Translated by Simone
Darses as Tout l'oeuvre peint de Matisse, 1904-1928.
Minimally updated and revised by Xavier Deryng, with a new
introduction by Pierre Schneider, Paris: Flammarion, 1982.
52 GENERAL STIJDIES

This work is an abbreviated and far from complete attempt at a

catalogue raisonne of Matisse's painting from 1904 to 1928.
It contains sixty-four full-page color reproductions and 687
small (c. 2 x 1.5 inches) black and white reproductions of
paintings. The revised French version has added works after
1928 and a sm all selection of prints, drawings, and sculpture.
The information on each work is limited to its present
location, medium, size, and date. In spite of being outdated,
incomplete, and a bit confusingly assembled, this documentary
compendium of works, especially from 1919-1928, is a
valuable reference tool, in the absence of an authorized
catalogue raisonne of the artist's paintings.

133. Mannering, Douglas. The Art 0/ Matisse. New York:

Excalibur Books, 1982. Reprinted, expanded, as The
Paintings 0/ Matisse. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group,
1989; New York: Mallard Press, 1989.
Popular treatment of Matisse's life and career; an accessible and
anecdotal retelling of Matisse's stylistic development. Sixty-
six color plates of somewhat mediocre quality, twenty-eight
black and white plates.

134. Marchiori, Guiseppe. Henri Matisse. Rome: Amilcare Pizzi,

1967; Paris: La Bibliotheque des Arts, 1967; New York:
Raynal/ William Morrow, 1967. Translated by Christa
Baumgartner, Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1967.
A somewhat chaotically organized book that offers little not
already in the literature to that date, but contains some
interesting period photos as contextual comparisons to
individual Matisse works. For example, Edward Steichen's
Gloria Swanson photographed through patterned black lace is
placed next to Matisse's 1924 lithograph, Persian Woman.
There are also errors of fact and incorrect titles on paintings in
the English edition.

135. McBride, Henry. Matisse. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,

1930.
GENERAL STUDIES 53

A common-sense, non-technical style does not obscure the

sensitivity of this New York reviewer to the boldest of
Matisse's works. McBride develops a few simple ideas to
explain the artist's approach and does not hesitate to class hirn
among the masters who forcefully, though mostly
unconsciously, reflect their period, nation, and class.
Review: "McBride on Matisse." Art Digest 4 (March 1,
1930): 23; Art News 28 (February 15, 1930): 14; Creative
Arts 6 (March 1930): supp. 57-58.

136. Mezzatesta, Michael P. Henri Matisse, Sculptor / Painter.

Fort Worth: Kimball Art Museum, 1984. Exhibition
catalogue.
This catalogue for a small Matisse exhibition is a model of
scholarship and of fresh insights on the selected group of
paintings and sculpture in the exhibit. It provides new and
provocative correlative visual material, and an unusually
interactive discussion of the paintings and sculptures that were
being produced at the same time. The author-curator has made
areal contribution to understanding particular works and has
especially brought out the classical and Renaissance
inspiration for some of Matisse work in the I 920s.

137. Milner, Frank. Henri Matisse. London: Bison Books Ltd.,

1994.
A book of some eighty colored plates of frequently reproduced
paintings by Matisse, printed with fair color accuracy on
glossy stock; twenty-nine are on double-spread pages
annoyingly divided by the book's gutter. These are preceded by
abrief, but intelligent, eleven-page synthesizing introduction
that stresses important, even problematic, aspects of Matisse's
work throughout his career. Recent scholarship is
acknowledged, if not discussed in detail.

138. Minemura, Tashiaki. Matisse. Tokyo: Schinchosha, 1976.

54 GENERAL STUDIES

A broad historical introduction to Matisse's work for the

general public, drawn from the extant literature on the artist;
generously illustrated.

139. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle. Matisse: Collections du Musee

National d'Art Moderne. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou,
1979.
A catalogue raisonne of the twenty-nine paintings (inc\uding
large cut-paper work), thirty-one drawings, and seven
sculptures in the collection of France's national museum
devoted to modern art. The catalogue entries are scrupulously
researched and sensitively written by Monod-Fontaine, who
adroitly utilizes the available scholarship on the works and
adds her own perceptive and nuanced observations. The history
of acquisitions of Matisse works, here outlined, manifests a
shockingly unaggressive and unenlightened policy by the state
with regard to this "most French" of artists.

140. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle, and Anne Baldassari. Matisse:

Oeuvres de Henri Matisse du Musee national d'art moderne.
Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou, 1989. Revised and
expanded version of 1979 edition.
In the ten years between this catalogue raisonne of the
expanded MNAM collection and the previous one (no. 139),
the number of works had more than doubled (from sixty-one to
one hundred fifty-eight). With new acquisition funds, the
museum had filled in some major lacunae and had, moreover,
been the recipient of significant gifts from the Matisse family.
Monod-Fontaine brings her previous entries up to date and adds
the new paintings, books, cut-paper works. Anne Baldassari is
responsible for the research and entries on the some fifty-six
new drawings in the collection. The same high standards of
the earlier version are maintained. An indispensable resource
for the works in question.

141. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle. Matisse, Le Reve ou fes beiles

endormies. Paris: Adam Biro, 1989.
GENERAL STUDIES 55

An evocative iconographic study of one 1935 painting, Le

Reve, that also traces the theme of the sleeping model in a
series of related works from 1907 to 1952. The sleeping
beauty is described as "the visible absent one, both available
and inaccessible" who functions as a metaphor for painting
itself. The short text also compares the theme with a similar
one in Picasso's 1930s work and situates it in its literary and
historical context. An excellent and nearly unique work of
iconographic investigation, rare in the Matisse literature which
so favors formal analysis.

142. Nakahara, Yusuke, and Ichiro Fukuzawa. Picasso and Matisse.

Series: Grand Collection of World Art. Tokyo: Kodansha,
1974.
An oversize, luxury volume of some eighty-nine mostly
colored plates, sixteen of wh ich are devoted to Matisse, and
about the same number devoted to his followers or colleagues,
Rouault, Derain, Vlaminck, Marquet, and Dufy. The text,
though brief, is thorough in giving Matisse's background
development, influences on hirn such as Russian icons and
Cezanne's paintings, and in highlighting his major
achievements. A somewhat pretentious format for the general
reader. In Japanese.

143. Neret, Gilles. Matisse. Paris: Nouvelles Editions Franc;aises,

Casterman,1991. English ed., New York: Konecky, 1993.
A luxury volume profusely illustrated in black and white and
tipped-in color plates that proposes a general introduction to
the whole of Matisse's oeuvre. The text contains no
revelations or special insights but makes intelligent use of
published literature. The plates are usefully juxtaposed for
telling comparisons: parallel works, studies with finished
works , etc.

144. Noel, Bernard. Matisse. Series: Les Maitres de I' Art. Paris:
Fernand Hazan, 1983. Reprint revised and corrected, 1987.
Translated by Jane Brenton as Matisse. New York: Universe
Books, 1987; London: Art Data, 1987.
56 GENERAL STUDIES

A smalI, handsomely produced book that makes a serious

attempt to understand the esthetic premises of Matisse's work,
distinguishing his approach from Expressionism (understood
as a Northern European phenomenon) and analyzing his
particular use of color. Noel pays attention to the artist's
viewer-response theories, commenting on specific works.
Finally, he sees Matisse's process as a "drama of the mind"
which governs the painter's transformations of the viewed
model into the painted image.

145. O'Brian, John. "Ruthless Hedonism: The Reception of

Matisse in America, 1929- I 954." Ph. D. dissertation, Harvard
University, 1990.
A comprehentsive and sophisticated review of Matisse's
reception-history in the United States from the time of the
founding of the Museum of Modern Art until the year of the
artist's death. Particularly detailed on the relation of Alfred
Barr, Jr.' s construction of Matisse' s reputation through
MoMA and on the role of Clement Greenberg in promoting
Matisse' s relevance in the 1940s and 1950s. An important
study.

146. Orienti, Sandra. Henri Matisse. Series: I Maestri de

Novecento, 18. Florence: G. C. Sansoni, 1971. London, New
York: Hamlyn, 1972; Barcelona: Circulo de Lectores, 1973.
A good general introduction to Matisse's work and its
development with good quality half-tone plates and forty-one
color plates of fairly good fidelity to the originals although
purples are too intense, too blue.

147. Pleynet, Marcelin. Henri Matisse, Qui etes-vous? Series:

Qui etes-vous? Lyons: La Manufacture, 1988.
The author teases out, from the published details of Matisse's
history, a kind of biography about how his personality and
the circumstances of his development shaped the painter's
approach to his metier. Pleynet discusses how Matisse
grounded himself in the pictorial language of Western
painting, with special emphasis on the role of Quentin de la
GENERAL STUDIES 57

Tour and portraiture; how Matisse found his own voice in

rhyming "beaute" with "volupte" (as in Baudelaire's poem,
L'Invitation au voyage); how he developed the themes that
obsessed hirn throughout his career, especially the nude and the
dance; and how the Barnes Foundation mural initiated the
qualities of "dilation" and "global expansion" that informed his
later work, culminating in the spatial amplitude of the Chapel
of the Rosary at Vence. A subtle, if sometimes repetitious,
account of the artist' s inner drives and exterior achievements.

148. Radulescu, Neagu. Matisse. Bucharest: Editura Meridiane,

1971. In Romanian.
A substantial, thirty-five page general text, drawing on
previously published Matisse literature; seventy-one plates
give a good cross-section of the artist's various modes, though
the color is of poor quality. Bibliography includes a few less
well-known sources in Italian and Romanian.

149. Rendall, Julian. The Art 0/ Henri Matisse. New York:

Gallery Books, 1989.
Book of color reproductions preceded by a general text of no
special distinction. Another general introduction to the artist's
oeuvre that synthesizes published sources.

150. Roman, Jozsef. Matisse. Budapest: Gondolat Könyvkiado,

1975. In Hungarian.
A substantial paperback on the artist's total oeuvre, weIl
illustrated with reproductions (six in color) and photos of the
artist.

151. Romm, Aleksandr G. Henri Matisse. Moscow, 1935.

Translated into English by Chen I-Wan, Leningrad: Ogiz-
Izogiz, 1937.
A very detailed formalist analysis of Matisse's work and
development is wrapped in a straightforward Marxist critique of
Matisse's escapist, individualistic, hedonistic, esthetic ends.
As a representative of modernism who flees social realities
58 GENERAL STUDIES

into the realms of the exotic or erotic, Matisse is judged more

harshly than Picasso and the Cubists who at least, according to
Romm, mirror the chaos, disintegration, and fundamental
antagonisms of imperialist capitalism in the modern West. A
surprisingly formal and traditional study which, in spite of the
dogmatic predictability of its ideological framework does not
deal with the social, economic, or political context of the
artist's long career.
Review: Graeme, Alice. "Matisse a la Russe." Mag. 0/ Art
31 (lune 1938): 366+.

152. Romm, Alexandr. Matisse, a Sodal Critique. New York:

Lear, 1947. Translated by lack Chen.
The 1937 text (no. 151) reissued with twenty new drawings
and a tipped-in frontispiece in color, The Blue Window, added.
Review: Greenberg, Clement. "Matisse Seen Through Soviet
Eyes." New York Times Book Rev. (January 25, 1948).

153. RusseIl, lohn. The World 0/ Matisse, 1869-1954. Series:

Time-Life Library of Art. New York: Time-Life Books, 1969.
Revised 5th printing, 1979. Translated by Dominique de Bourg
as Matisse et son temps, 1969-1954. New York: Time-Life,
1973. German ed., Amsterdam: Time-Life, 1973.
One in the weIl-produced, popular monographie series on
artists published by Time-Life, RusseH's book on Matisse is a
fuH, graceful, and entertainingly written account of the artist's
life and work. Several solid pages of informative text
alternate with some half-dozen pages of color plates, each with
its own substantial commentary that adds yet further analysis
or anecdote. Matisse's beginnings are set in the context of
post-impressionism, his Fauve works against northern
Expressionism; his pre-war decorative panels are treated along
with his new patronage and international recognition.
Curiously underplayed or absent are a discussion of Matisse's
trips to North Africa in 1912 and 1913 and his reaction to
Cubism. Generously iIlustrated as weIl with documentary
photographs.
GENERAL STUDIES 59

154. Schacht, Roland. Henri Matisse. Series: Künstler der

Gegenwart. Dresden: Kaemmerer, 1922.
This eighty-two-page monograph (with thirty-three
illustrations) is a sensitive and sensible analysis of Matisse's
development by an art historian with an acute understanding of
the painter's project. His distinctions between Kandinsky' s
color usage and Matisse's show a profound understanding of
both painters; Schacht is equally insightful on what Matisse
leamed from Cezanne.

155. Scheiwiller, Giovanni. Henri Matisse. Series: Arte moderna

straniera, 3. Milan: Hoepli, 1947.
A pocket-sized monograph, with nineteen pages of text. First
published as a Bibliographic Note in 1933; subsequently
enlarged to this 1947 fifth edition. A general treatment
drawing on the published literature of the time.

156. Schneider, Pierre. Henri Matisse. Exposition du Centenaire.

Paris: Reunion des Musees Nationaux, 1970. Exhibition
catalogue.
This centenary exhibition and its catalogue inaugurated a rich
two-decade period of renewed Matisse appreciation and
scholarship. Although relatively modest in size and with no
color reproductions (a supplement of color plates accompanied
it), the catalogue essay proposes a comprehensive view of
Matisse that challenges Barr's (1951) and culminates in
Schneider's 1984 monograph (see no. 157). Studded with
quotes from previously unpublished Matisse correspondence
and new biographical material, the catalogue introduced the
anxiety-ridden personality of a different Matisse who had need
of his art for calm and equilibrium, producing work that
provides this for the viewer as weIl. Here is a Matisse of
spiritual dimension whose secularized religious impulses are
those of the East, rather than the West.
Review: Murphy, Richard. "Matisse's Final Flowering."
Horizon 12, I (Winter 1970): 26-41.
60 GENERAL STUDIES

157. Schneider, Pierre. Matisse. Paris: Flammarion, 1984.

Translated by Michael Taylor and Bridget Stevens Romer,
New York: Rizzoli International; London: Thames and
Hudson, 1984. Revised edition, Paris: Flammarion, 1993, in
French and English versions. Revisions inc1ude minor
corrections of facts, an updated and corrected bibliography and a
new "introduction" that deals with the discovery of the first
version of the Barnes Foundation mural, Dance, with its first
color reproduction.
This luxurious, 752-page book is the leisurely exposition of
the author's lifetime meditation on Matisse as man and artist.
The leitmotif around which Schneider organizes his twenty-
two resolutely ahistorical (but roughly chronological) chapters
is that of Matisse's art as therapeutic and salvific rather than
aesthetic and hedonistic. An essentially spiritual artist whose
main theme is an arcadian Golden Age of harmony, Matisse
alternates, according to Schneider, this theme with periodic
explorations of its stylistic opposite that only feigns another
theme under its guise of realism.
Stressing the artist's preoccupation with light, Schneider
interprets light in a symbolic, even religious, context,
suggesting that Matisse translates the luminous into the
numinous. Following the insights of Georges Duthuit, a
Byzantine scholar and the artist's son-in-Iaw, on the role of
light and splendor of surface in mystical, hieratic art, Schneider
draws on analogies with Eastern art (especially Islamic
traditions), to describe how Matisse made the decorative a
vehicle of the ineffable. Tendentious in its pursuit of this
theme, Schneider's book is nevertheless rich in new
information, insights, and allusions, refreshingly portraying a
Matisse who is both intellectual and spiritual.
The book is exquisitely written (rich in digressions on French
culture) and produced, with numerous color plates of
unparalleled c10seness to the originals, and many black and
white reproductions of previously unpublished drawings.
Schneider provides new biographical material and hitherto
unpublished letters and journal entries by Matisse. This
material must be excavated from the text, which is
GENERAL STUDIES 61

thematically ordered (except for a short section, pp. 715-740,

that is specifically biographical). The 1984 edition is
somewhat careless with dates, insufficient in documentation,
and chary with scho1ar1y acknowledgements; the 1993 edition
seeks to remedy these faults.
Review: Brenson, Michael. "Matisse by Pierre Schneider."
New York Times, November 20, 1984; Cohen, Ronny H.
Reviews of Elderfie1d [DrawingsJ, Schneider, and Watkin.
Print Collector's Newsletter 16, 3 (July-August 1985): 104-
108; Elderfie1d, lohn. "Matisse: Myth vs. Man." Art in
America 74, 4 (April 1987): 13-21; Gaillemin, lean-Louis.
"Matisse, nus bleus, oranges et poissons rouges, entretien avec
Pierre Schneider." Beaux-Arts Mag. 19 (December 1984): 34-
62; Golding, lohn. "The Golden Age (review)." The New
York Rev. 0/ Books 32, 1 (January 3 L 1985): 3-6; Herbert
lames D. "Matisse without History [Reviews of Schneider
and Flam]." Art History 11,2 (June 1988): 297-302; Klein,
lohn. Review of Schneider's Matisse. Art Journal 45, 4
(Winter 1985): 359-67; Millet, Catherine. "Pierre Schneider,
I'aft sacre d'Henri Matisse." Art Present 87 (December 1984):
4-8; Neff, lohn H. Review. Art News 84, 5 (May 1985):
29; Perl, led. "Matisse (Review of Schneider and Elderfield
[Drawings])." New Criterion 31, 10 (June 1985): 19-27;
Vallier, Dora. Review. Critique 457-8 (1985): 677-85;
Watkins, Nicholas. "Matisse, a Sort of Spiritualist (review)."
Art History 9,1 (March 1986): 115-19.

158. Se1z, lean. Henri Matisse. Series: Les Grands Maitres de la

Peinture Moderne, no. 5. Paris: F1ammarion, 1964, 1973.
Translated into English by A.P.H. Hamilton, New York:
Crown Publishers, 1964, 1990. Translated into Italian by
Antonio G. Valiente, Madrid: Ediciones Daimon, 1966;
German ed., Milan: Heidelberg, 1966.
A picture-album with a Iightweight introduction to Matisse's
oeuvre that can be misleading. The early discovery of color is
distorted by a misleading presentation of Neo-Impressionism
and its contribution. Selz states categorically that Matisse's
work did not "deve10p" or manifest period changes; elsewhere,
62 GENERAL STUDIES

Selz states that "in most of his paintings, Matisse used a thick
black line." The first of these assertions is highly debatable,
the second is patently false. One of the too-common
monographic essays riddled with discredited cliches and
generalizations that need not have been republished in the
1990s.

159. Sembat, Marce!. Matisse et son oeuvre. Series: Peintres

franc;ais nouveaux, 1, edited by Roger Allard. Paris: Nouvelle
Revue Franc;aise, 1920; reprinted with additional illustrations
in 1921 as Matisse, Trente reproductions de peintures et dessins
precedees d'une hude par Marcel Sembat.
Sembat accounts for Matisse's seemingly less ambitious post-
War style in terms of the artist's mature mastery of his means.
Echoing Matisse's own apologia for his shift of style,
Sembat maintains that Matisse's goals have not changed, only
his means differ. His new methods tend to conceal the effort,
the strain of invention, which are still fundamental to their
production. This important essay, by a friend and critic who
was intimately acquainted with the pre-1917 work of Matisse,
established the interpretation of the Nice works for many
writers of the 1920's who often simply echo its major
premises.

160. Severini, Gino. Matisse. Series: Arti, "Anticipazioni," 6.

Rome: Fratelli Bocca, 1944.
A sm all popular monograph of some fifteen pages of text
accompanying as many weil-chosen reproductions of Matisse's
paintings through 1941. Severini was close to Matisse during
the 191Os, a significant period. Severini differs with Lhote's
assessment of Matisse as one who works from sensation to
idea; rather, Severini sees Matisse as one who always worked
from a clear idea enriched and clarified by sensation in the
process of working from nature. Severini's Matisse is
intellectual and problem solving without being academic,
classically ba1anced in his aims and methods.
GENERAL STIJDIES 63

161. Sutton, Denys. Paintings, 1939-46. London: Lindsay

Drummond, Ltd.; Paris: Editions du Chene, 1946. Same
layout and illustrations as Andre Lejard, Matisse, seize
peintures, 1939-46. Paris: Edition du Cbene, 1946.
An album of recent paintings by the artist, beautifully
reproduced on heavy paper, originally published with an
introduction by Lejard, no. 125. The tipped-in color plates are
exceptionally fine in all editions. Sutton's essay stresses the
fact that, although Matisse' s art has revolutionary elements, it
is basically conservative, providing a base for the continuing
work on the "problems of painting" and validating the tradition
of "painting from appearances." He suggests that Fauvism
and Cubism, both sprung from Cezanne, are the generative
legacies of pre-World War 11 art available to that of the post-
war era, Constructivism and Surrealism having ended in blind
alleys.

162. Svrcek, K. B. Henri Matisse. Prague: Melantrich, 1937.

A book of twenty-five plates (one in color) with a four-page
summary introduction for the general reader. In Czech.

163. Swane, Leo. Henri Matisse. Stockholm: Nordstedt and

Söners Verlag, 1944; translated into Danish as Matisse.
Copenhagen: Jespersen og Pios Forlag, 1945. With
contributions by Tor Bjurström, Edward Hald, Jean Heiberg,
Einar Jolin, Per Krohg, Arthur C:son Percy, Axel Revold,
Henrik Sorenson, and Sigfrid Ullman. In Swedish.
A complete and careful review of Matisse' s artistic
development, making intelligent use of published sources and
giving understandable emphasis to Matisse's connections in
Sweden and Denmark. Matisse's early career and the
development of Fauvism is given some emphasis, since the
Rump collection is especially rich in this period. Of special
note is the chapter on Matisse's Scandinavian pupils, followed
by aseries of short essays by a number of them that recall or
pay homage to Matisse. The text is handsomely designed with
interspersed line drawings and boasts a substantial number of
plates of paintings. Bibliography.
64 GENERAL STUDIES

164. Thiel, Erika. Henri Matisse. Series: Welt der Kunst. Berlin:
Henschel Verlag, 1971.
An album of sixteen plates (five in color) of significant works,
accompanied by short commentaries and preceded by an
introductory essay. Summary biography and bibliography
included.

165. Trapp, Frank A. "The Paintings of Henri Matisse: Origins

and Early Development, 1890-1917." Ph.D. dissertation,
Harvard University, 1951.
An early dissertation on Matisse completed during the artist's
lifetime (author records an important interview with Matisse at
Cimiez, February 17, 1950) and just one year after the
publication of Barr's important monograph. Trapp gives
careful attention to technique and to the formal properties of
the works discussed, making this a primarily painterly
discussion of Matisse's early development. For so early a
study, however, careful attention is paid to the role of Moreau
and 'Pissarro in Matisse's formation, as weIl as his
apprenticeship in the standard book of painting advice by
Goupil. Neo-Impressionism is treated in detail. as weIl as the
"moment" (not "movement") of Fauvism. The 1916 Bathers
bya River is given a thoughtful iconographic interpretation.

166. Verdet, Andre. Prestiges de Matisse. PrieMe de visite a

Matisse. Entretiens avec Matisse. Paris: Editions Emile-Paul,
1952.
A very valuable, beautifully produced, sm all book with an
original cover design by Matisse (less than 2000 copies
printed). Divided into three parts, the first and second sections
contain important statements by the artist on his work and
methods, just after completion of the Vence chapel. The book
contains precious first-person testimony from Matisse at the
end of his life, while he was working on his last large-scale
decorative cut-paper commissions. "Visite aMatisse" not
included in either the Fourcade or Flam anthologies.
GENERAL STUDIES 65

167. Verdet, Andre. Entretiens, notes et ecrits sur La peinture--

Braque, Leger, Matisse, Picasso. Collection: Ecritures/
Figures. Paris: Galilee, 1976.
Published in 1976, these further interviews with artists by
Verdet were gathered from two decades earlier. The seetion on
Matisse comprises several fragments of conversations
conducted at Saint Pau1 de Vence, at the villa Le Reve, and in
the Hotel Regina. Matisse teils of his interiorizing of spatial
experience by watehing birds, animals; he speaks of his
odalisques, the chapei at Vence and there is a longer interview
on his late works. Two essays are reproduced under different
titles in XXe Siede, Hommage a Henri Matisse (Special
edition, 1970): "Rencontre a Saint Pau1" appears as "Les
Heures azureennes," and "La Chapelle de Vence" as
"Architecture et decoration." The language is somewhat
overripe in these interviews, not Matisse's characteristic style;
one suspects a certain paraphrasing by the author from sketchy
notes.

168. Watanabe, Junichi, Chuji Ikegami, and Shuji Takashina.

Matisse. Series: Les Grandes Maitres de la Peinture Moderne,
15. Tokyo: Chuokoron-sha, 1973.
A full-scale monographie treatment of Matisse complete with
colored plates, chronology, and bibliography. Essay by
Takashina on the development of Matisse's art in relation to
Fauvism (in contrast to German Expressionism, Fauvism is a
more intellectual and positive art movement, with a strong
foundation on sound technical means) and an extended piece by
Junichi Watanabe which revolves around the question: why is
not Matisse more popular in Japan? Based on an informal
poil, Watanabe discovers that Matisse is not named among the
ten most well-known modern artists, that only five per cent of
his respondents say they like Matisse (as opposed to seventy
per cent who name Van Gogh as their favorite). The author
proposes reasons for this: Matisse is not taught in depth in the
schools, he is not even understood as the major figure in
Fauvism, he is not often reproduced in greeting cards or
calendars, he has not been written about by a well-known
66 GENERAL STUDIES

Japanese author. More than this, in the author's view,

Matisse' s life and art do not conform to the des ire of the
Japanese for the pathetic, the tragic, the sympathy-evoking in
art. The desire for the emotionaIly expressive is by way of
contrast with the orderly and dutiful patterns of Japanese life;
Matisse's expression is too decorative, too cheerful, too
divorced from human pain and melancholy. Watanabe then
tries to explain to his readers the nature of Matisse's
expression through color and composition, using the artist's
own statements to support his claims about "balance, purity
and serenity" as legitimate aims of expression. Extensive
bibliography of works in Japanese as weIl as the standard
works in French and English. .

169. Watkins, Nicholas. "A History and Analysis of Color in the

Work of Matisse." M. Phil. Thesis, Courtauld Institute of
Art, University of London, 1979.
A careful study of the development and rationale of Matisse's
use of color based on the analysis of his paintings; this
material is utilized in the author's 1984 monograph on the
artist, nO.170.

170. Watkins, Nicholas. Matisse. Oxford: Phaidon Press; New

York: E.P. Dutton, 1977. Reprint, expanded, London, Guild,
1984; New York: Oxford University Press, 1985; New York:
Uni verse Books, 1991.
This general study of Matisse's entire oeuvre is first rate,
ranking in quaIity if not always in scope with Barr, Diehl,
Escholier, Flam, Gowing, and Schneider in the category of
monographs. Particularly refreshing is the lack of
hagiographical tone, the psychologie al insights that are offered
without being belabored, and the historical context against
which Matisse's life is presented. The book is lucidly and
gracefully written, successfully integrating biographical
material with critical analysis of the works. Watkins deals
with the paintings, sculpture, cut-paper works, and decorative
commissions; the graphie work and book illustrations are
GENERAL STUDIES 67

treated only in passing. The illustrations, abundant, are

generaIly of good quality.
Review: Cohen, Ronny H. Review of Elderfield, Schneider
and Watkins. Print Collectors Newsletter 16,3 (July-August
1985): 104-08.

171. Watkins, Nicholas. Henri Matisse. London and New York:

Phaidon Colour Plate History Series, 1977; revised and
enlarged, 1992, 1993.
An album of thirty-seven weIl-chosen color plates of paintings
by Matisse preceded by a general introduction which, though
necessarily synthetic and accessible to a traditional public, is a
popular treatment of Watkins's more complete monographic
study.

172. Marit Werenskiold. De Norske Matisse-Elevenen. Laeretid og

Gjennombrudd 1908-1914. Jean Heiberg. Henrik Sorensen.
Per Krohg. Axel Revold. Per Deberits. et al. Oslo: Gyldendal
Norsk Forlag. 1972. In Norwegian.
Primarily on Norwegian pupils who studied at Matisse's
"Acaderny" between 1908 and 1911. this informative text
gives an account of their modern ist cultural heritage in Norway
from 1900 to 1909, details their experience of Matisse as a
teacher and theoretician from first-hand accounts, traces their
stylistic development, and foIlows their careers in Norway on
their return from Paris. WeIl researched and written, the book
illuminates Matisse's impact on his pupils in the wider
context of their assimilation of French modernism and their
subsequent artistic achievements.

173. Werth, Margaret. "Le Bonheur de vivre: The Idyllic Image in

French Art, 1891-1906," Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins
University, 1993.
This study investigates the uses to which the themes of the
Golden Age and Fete Champetre were used at the turn of the
century. The interest in idyllic and utopian imagery
accompanied aseries of radical shifts in avant-garde pictorial
68 GENERAL STUDIES

language in France when artists were coming to grips as weil

with changes in mass society. Matisse' s use of these themes is
the subject of a chapter in the study, an early version of which
appeared as an artic\e in Genders in the Fall of 1990, no. 874.

174. Wilson, Sara. Henri Matisse. New York: Rizzoli

International, 1992. Translated by Julian Stallabrass. Paris:
Albin Michel, 1992. Spanish ed. Barcelona: Poligrafa, 1992.
The familiar-format book of colored plates--preceded by a
general introduction to the artist' s work and brief commentary
on the plates--is here given a treatment more politically
engaged than is usual in this popular genre. The author, a
specialist on French art and politics from 1935-1955, has
brought this knowledge to bear on aspects ofMatisse's life and
career. Wilson especially draws attention to the connections
between the artist's odalisques and orientalist fantasies and
France's colonial policies in the 1920s and 1930s; his cut-
paper work (particularly Jazz) and the politically implicated
revival of Romanesque art from the mid-1930s through the
1940s; and the creation of the Vence chapel in the post-War
c\imate of religious revival and French Communist Party
maneuvers. If the links sometimes seem forced and the
political issues oversimplified, the limitations of length and
format appear largely responsible. An ambitious and
provocative essay which encourages a more contextual
treatment of the artist.

175. Yanaihara, Isaku, and Masataka Ogawa. Matisse-Rouault.

Tokyo: Zauho Press; Kawai Shobo Shin-sha, 1972. In
Japanese.
Parallel portraits of the two artists in asIender (139-page)
slipcased picture-book for the general public. Essay on Matisse
by Yanaihara, who sat to Giacometti for aseries of portraits in
Paris. Abundant color plates are untrue to originals, being too
intense.
GENERAL STIJDIES 69

176. Zervos, Christian. Henri Matisse. Paris: Editions Cahiers

d'Art, 1931. Reprint, modified, of a special number of Cahiers
d'art, 1931.
This special edition was produced in conjunction with several
retrospective exhibitions of Matisse, the Paris venue being at
the Georges Petit Galleries in 1931. Articles by Karel
Asplund, Roger Fry, Paul Fierens, Curt Glaser, Will
Grohmann, Pierre Gueguin, Henry McBride, Georges Salles,
and Christian Zervos are summarized individually, by author's
name, in the section "Artic1es."
This page intentionally left blank
 III
SPECIFIC MEDIA
Sculpture
Books
177. Duthuit, Claude. Henri Matisse, catalogue raisonne de
!'oeuvre sculpte. Paris: Ed. with collaboration of Fran~oise
Garnaud and preface by Yve-Alain Bois, 1996.
Presentation of essential scholarly information on the
sculptural production of Matisse. The sculpture has been re-
photographed, following the Druet photographs of the period,
in views that were chosen by Matisse, that is, from vantage
points of the work that the sculptor thought important. The
implications of these views are discussed in the important
essay by Yve-Alain Bois which acts as a preface to the
catalogue, no. 184.

178. Elsen, Albert E. The Sculpture of Henri Matisse. New York:

Abrams, 1972.
First comprehensive study of the sources, character, and
evolution of all Matisse's sculpture, including its affiliation
to Rodin's art and to nineteenth-century academic theory.
Beside relating the sculpture to the artist's efforts in other
media, Elsen compares it to that of Picasso, Bourdelle,
Duchamp- Villon,and Laurens. The text is based on four
articles that had appeared in Artforum in 1968 (no. 187) and
generally follows the plan of the articles that had treated 1) the
early Rodin-influenced work, 2) the work that retained

71
72 SPECIFIC MEDIA

conservative c1assical themes, 3) work influenced by the

"primitive" and portraiture, and finally 4) the Backs and
monumental decorative sculpture. A good bit of new material
has been added in the monograph, and the ordering is more
chronological than in the articles. This is still the
indispensable primary text on Matisse's sculpture; handsomely
iIIustrated, often with several views of a single work, studies,
and related works in other media and by other artists.
Reviews: Goldstein, Carl. "Review of Elsen's The Sculpture
0/ Henri Matisse." Art Quarterly 36 (1973): 420-21;
Gottlieb, Carla. Review. Burlington Mag. 116, 852 (March
1974): 160-61.

179. Legg, Alica, intro. The Sculpture 0/ Henri Matisse. New

York: Museum of Modern Art, 1972; reprint 1975.
Exhibition catalogue.
Catalogue for exhibition of the same name at MoMA. Solid
text dealing with all sixty-nine known bronzes by Matisse
with related drawings and prints, as weil as paintings in which
sculptures are included. Legg's discussion is a workmanlike
survey of the sculptural oeuvre, making intelligent use of the
published literature. Complete list of sculpture exhibitions
from 1904 to 1970.

180. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle, and Catherine Lampert (general

editor). The Sculpture 0/ Henri Matisse. London: Arts
Council of Great Britain and Thames and Hudson, Ltd., 1984.
Monod-Fontaine's very original and freshly conceived text
accompanied the exhibition The Sculpture and Drawing 0/
Henri Matisse organized by the Arts Council of Great Britain
and shown at the Hayward Gallery, London, and at the
Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1984-85. Although
the author develops her sections chronologically, she
highlights particular aspects of the work: the early use of
photographs of models; the relation of cubist sculpture to the
1910-14 work; the sculpture in Matisse's paintings; the
c1assical aspects of the 1924-32 sculptures; and the relation of
Matisse's late sculpture to his cut-paper work, his chapel
SCULPTURFlBooks 73

designs, and his prints. The relationships are surprising and

often based on new documentation. Richly illustrated and
succinctly elaborated, the text is an important addition to the
scholarship on the artist's sculptural oeuvre. Chronology, list
of major exhibitions containing sculpture, checklist of and
sometimes more than one view of the works in the exhibit.
Review: Hilton, Timothy. Review. Times Ut. Supp.
(November 23, 1985): 1344; Hyman, T. Review. Artscribe
50 (lanuary-February 1985): 57-58; Klein, lohn. Review of
Schneider, Elderfield, and Monod-Fontaine, Art Journal 45
(Winter 1985): 359-67; Neve, C. Review. Country Ufe
176,4555 (December 6, 1984): 1776; Spalding, F. Review.
Arts Rev. 36,20 (October 26, 1984): 523; Watkins, Nicholas.
Review. Burlington Mag. 126,981 (December 1984): 800.

181. Tucker, William The Language of Sculpture. London:

Thames and Hudson, 1974, 1985; published also as Early
Modern Sculpture: Rodin. Degas. Matisse. Brancusi. Picasso
and Gonzales. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. The
chapter on Matisse originally appeared in Studio International,
September 1970, as "Four Sculptors, Part 3: Matisse," no.
218.
Tucker develops the theme of the traditional and risk-taking
aspects of Matisse's sculpture by examining the latter's desire
for an internal architecture of synthetic, but living, forms.
Tucker also unifies the fragmentary nature of the artist's
sculptural output by placing it within the larger scope of his
development in painting; an indispensable short study of
Matisse's sculptural project by a practicing sculptor.
Reviews: Ashton, Dore. Review. Art Bult. 57,4 (December
1975): 599-600; Elsen, Albert. Review. Art Journal 35,2
(Winter 1975-76): 136-38; Fry, Edward. Review. Artforum
13, 10 (Summer 1974): 63-64.
74 SPECIFIC MEDIA

Articles
182. Argan, Giulio Carlo. "Matisse Scultore." La Biennale de
Venezia 26 (December 1955): 29-33.
General treatment of the three-dimensional work of Matisse;
the sculpture of a painter is compared to that of Degas, Renoir,
and Picasso. A voiding the immobility of classicism and the
restless instability of romanticism, according to the author,
Matisse seeks a spatial breadth and flexible manipulation of
matter to suggest an infinite space.

183. Benjamin, Roger. "L'Arabesque dans la modernite, Henri

Matisse, Sculpteur" with list of sculptures exhibited in Paris
and principal foreign exhibitions from 1904-1915. In De
Matisse a nos jours, la sculpture du XXe siecle dans les
collections des musees et du fonds regional d'art contemporain
du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 15-25. Calais: Association des
Conservateurs des Musees de Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 1992.
Benjamin sees Matisse's sculpture as "a complex dialogue
with a set of [sculptural] inheritances" in which, while
searching for plastic equivalents to the human form, he never
abandons the tradition of representation. The author discusses
Matisse' s work as that which either I) relies on the
"arabesque" or figura serpentina for its flamelike and
transparent plastic movement of the body or 2) the controlled
and weighty massing of form, psychologically inert, that has
its prototype in Egyptian and early Greek sculpture. Benjamin
devotes some fine analysis to the "serial" works of Matisse and
to the response of contemporary critics to Matisse' s first
exhibitions of his sculpture. Also of value is the list of
sculptures exhibited in Paris and principal foreign exhibitions
from 1904-1915, with Benjamin's and Claude Duthuit's
tentative identifications of uncertain titles. An important
study.

184. Bois, Yve-Alain. "Preface." In Henri Matisse, catalogue

raisonne de l'oeuvre sculpte. Ed., Claude Duthuit. Paris: Ed.
SCULPTURFlArticles 75

with collaboration of Fran~oise Garnaud and preface by Yve-

Alain Bois, 1995, no. 177. French and English.
Bois discusses Matisse's statement about "sculpting as a
pa inter," by examining the "pictorial" position of Adolph von
Hildebrand's Das Problem der Form in der bildenden Kunst
and the practice ofRodin and how Matisse's work differs from
either of these. Matisse's sculpture is anti-anatomical (like
Rodin's) but concerned with wholes rather than fragments (like
cIassical art). The author also discusses the materiality of
Matisse's approach, his rhetoric of metaphor, and the
importance of a Mannerist model (Giambologna) for Matisse's
infinitely varied silhouettes (or points of view). A rich and
provocative treatment ofthe artist's work in this medium.

185. Cassou, Jean. Introduction in Henri Matisse, Sculpture,

Drawings. New York: Fine Arts Associates, Duo M. Gerson,
1958. Exhibition catalogue.
A short general introduction to both the sculpture and drawings
of Matisse in the exhibition.

186. Cassou, Jean. Introduction in The Sculpture 0/ Matisse and

Three Paintings with Studies. London: Tate Gallery, 1953.
Exhibition catalogue.
Author calls Matisse a Renaissance artist in the sense that no
material or technique is beyond or beneath his curiosity. He is
a craftsman, a decorator, a collaborator in large projects,
interested in "structural conception and material mastery."
Sculpture manifests the familiar mode of Matisse's genius,
wherein he respects a tradition in a medium (sculpture) and
harmonizes it with a brutal, direct expression (in c1ay) in his
habitual state of "alertness and discovery."

187. Dorival, Bernard. "Sculptures de peintres." Bull. des musees

de France 10 (1949): 252-55.
An article on recent acquisitions of sculpture by the Musee
d' Art Moderne includes two bronzes by Matisse. Femme nue
assise [Seated nude, arms behind her back, 1909] and Femme
76 SPECIFIC MEDIA

nue couchü [RecJining Nude I, 1907], both from the

Alphonse Kann heirs. Only the seeond seulpture is diseussed,
partieularly in relation to its eompanion oil, Blue Nude,
Souvenir of Biskra. Author notes that Matisse's painting
reveals hirn as nothing but a painter, his seulpture as nothing
but a seulptor, so speeifieally does he work within a material
and metier.

188. Elderfield, lohn. "Matisse's Drawings and Seulpture."

Artforum 10 (September, 1972): 77-85.
In the wake of the publieation of Albert EIsen's book The
Sculpture of Matisse (1972), the MoMA exhibition of
Matisse's seulpture (1972) with eatalogue by Alieia Legg, and
the Baltimore Museum's show Matisse as a Draughtsman
(1971) with eatalogue by Vietor Carlson, Elderfield relates
Matisse' s seulpture both to his drawing, with wh ich it has
mueh in eommon, and to his painting, for whieh it aets as an
alternative mode of thinking. Nevertheless, Matisse's
seulpture is linked to painting as a means of organizing
sensations for use in resolving painting problems as well as
by being "painterly" in handling and presenting a "view."
Elderfield's usual nuaneed and visually aeute reading of these
matters presents them as eomplex and often paradoxical.

189. Elsen, Albert E. "The Seulpture of Matisse: I, A New

Expressiveness in Seulpture." Artforum 7, 1 (September
1968): 20-29; 11, "Old problems and New Possibilities." 2
(Oetober 1968): 22-33; III, "Primitivism, Partial Figures and
Portraits." 3 (November 1968): 26-35; IV, "The Backs." 4
(Deeember 1968): 24-32.
These essays were expanded into the book, The ScuLpture of
Henri Matisse, New York, Abrams, 1972, no. 178.

190. Elsen, Albert E. "Rodin et Matisse: differenees, affinites, et

influenees." In Rodin et La sculpture contemporaine. Paris:
Editions du Musee Rodin, 1983. Papers from a eolloquium
organized by the Musee Rodin, Oetober 11-15, 1982.
SCULPTURFlArticles 77

Before discussing the specific differences between Rodin and

Matisse, the author outlines first the differences between
nineteenth-century and twentieth-century (modern) sculptural
practice The latter include Matisse's preference for etudes, for
an ideal of the decorative (expression in the entire ensemble),
for a deductive approach to construction, for stability and stasis
over movement, etc. Elsen is careful to distinguish affinities
(stemming from temperament or common sources) from
influences, of which the latter are more powerful than Matisse
would later admit. A final section, with perhaps the newest
thesis, deals with the influence of Rodin's drawings on
Matisse's graphic style. This section is developed in the
author's later essay, "Rodin's Drawings and the Art of
Matisse," Arts Magazine 61, 7 (March 1987), no. 273.

191. F1am, Jack. "La Sculpture de Matisse." Cahiers du Mus.

National d'Art Moderne 30 (Winter 1989): 23-40.
Flam closely investigates several sculptures and related oils
from the first decades of the century to explore how sculpture
helped Matisse resolve the problem of plasticity as opposed to
the surface planarity in painting. The continuing reciprocity
between the two media is iIIuminated by this analysis and by
F1am's close reading of a hitherto unpublished text drawn from
a 1941 interview with Matisse by Pierre Courthion.

192. Flint, Ralph. "Matisse Sculptures, Brummer Galleries." Art

News 29 (January 10, 1931): 9.
Short criticism of an early Matisse sculpture show in the
U .S.; author notes that Matisse's sculpture is more
experimental, less intellectual than his painting, which is
more authoritative and fully achieved.

193. Fournet, Claude. "Matisse sculpteur." Art Press 30 (July

1979): 16-18.
Fournet, conservateur-in-chief of the Museums of Nice,
meditates on the function of sculpture in Matisse's work--
always in the breach, marginal to the main media of painting
and drawing. By this fact, sculpture is able to radicalize what
78 SPECIFIC MEDIA

the other media cannot, that is, to embody materiality, the

other side of "art." His process is, Iike Giacometti's, to dis-
figure and to erase the model, the material. At the same time,
sculpture gave Matisse access to architectural concerns in a
non-site, until he developed the cut-outs which were disposed
in sited space. A rich and evocative artic1e.

194. Goldwater, Robert. "The Sculpture of Matisse." Art in

America 60 (March-April 1972): 40-45.
A response to the "Sculpture by Matisse" show at the
Museum of Modern Art, stressing the spontaneity and
playfulness of Matisse's handling of c1ay, his ability to work
from repose to immediacy and improvisation and back again to
serenity and calm.

195. Goodrich, Lloyd. "Matisse's Sculpture." Arts 17 (February

1931): 253-5.
An extended review of the Brummer Gallery exhibition of
1931, the first major show of Matisse's sculpture to be seen in
the United States. Goodrich characterizes the sculpture of
Matisse as pictorial, that is, weightless, linear, instantaneous,
rhythmic. According to the author, the charm and relaxation
ofMatisse's 1920s paintings are present in Matisse's sculpture
to the latter' s detriment.

196. Gouk, Alan. "Matisse as a Sculptor; Part I: The Serf--

Cezanne, Rodin, Matisse." Artscribe 51 (March-April 1985):
44-51; Part 11: Artscribe 52 (May-June 1985): 69-71.
An acute study of the contradictory currents in Matisse's
indebtedness to Rodin and Cezanne in his early sculpture. An
important, original grasp of the artist's sculptural approach
and achievements, sometimes critical of Tucker and Elderfield;
a response to the Hayward Gallery Sculpture and Drawings of
Henri Matisse show of 1984-85.

197. Grand, Paule Marie. "Sculptures et gouaches decoupees." Le

Monde (April 23, 1970).
SCULPTUREIArticles 79

A brief review of the Bernheim-Jeune exhibition that preceded

the Centennial Exhibition at the Grand Palais in the summer
of 1970. The author was herself a model and assistant to
Matisse while he worked on the late cut-outs.

198. Gueguen, Pierre. "Sculpture d'un Grand Peintre." XXe siecle

4 (Christmas 1938): 3-13.
Subtitled "Thumb and Brush," this essay equates them as
intruments of the artist's "computation of caresses" in
sculpture and painting respectively. Claiming that Matisse's
early sculpture exhibits too much of the effort of
"computation," Guegen prefers the caressing qualities of the
later sculpture, especially praising (and magnificently
reproducing in several photos) the artist's marble version of
Tiari, in which the "thumb's" activity is of course entirely
effaced.

199. Hofmann, Werner. "Über Matisse, Maillol und Brancusi." In

Museum und Kunst, 97-108. Hamburg: Christians, 1970.
Hofmann examines the relation of Brancusi's The Kiss of
1908 to two other works that also seems to have drawn their
esthetic from the new interest in "primitive" sculpture,
namely, Matisse's first Back and Maillol's Crouching Figure,
both made "around 1908." Avoiding the pathos of Rodin and
even Bourdelle-inspired archaism, according to the author,
these works function as a kind of proto-Cubism.

200. Holm, Arne E. "Henri Matisse som sculptor." Kunsten ldag

33, 3 (1955): 26-45, 54-6.
A straightforward, workmanlike account of Matisse as a
sculptor from 1900. Author cites the early influences of
Rodin, Daumier, and African sculpture on Matisse's work.

201. Hüuinger, B. Introduction. In Henri Matisse, Das Plastische

Werk. Zurich: Kunsthalle, 1959. Exhibition catalogue.
Author places Matisse in a tradition of artists who were
painters, carvers, and modelers, from the fifteenth to nineteenth
80 SPECIFIC MEDIA

centuries, ending with Gauguin and Degas. Shows Matisse's

divergence from Rodin and pi aces Matisse's series sculptures--
Jeanette 1-V, Reclining Figure 1-11/, Backs I-IV, etc.--at the
head of those works wh ich reveal hirn to be one of the small
group of really great sculptors of the century.

202. Kijima, Shunsuke. "For Rich Contours: Sculptures by

Matisse." Mizue (Japan) 913 (April 1981): 62-73. In
Japanese.
A general study of Matisse's development as a sculptor,
stressing his relation to Rodin through a close study of The
Serf, along with the painting Male Nude (Bevilaqua) of c.
1900. Matisse only resolved his sculptural problems in The
Serj, by studying Cezanne, according to the author, who
particularly makes a comparison of some Matisse works with
the former's Still Li/e with Piaster Cupid. Return to the
arabesque further completed Matisse's mastery of the "rich
contour."

203. Kramer, Hilton. "Matisse as a Sculptor." Bulletin 0/ the

Boston Museum 0/ Fine Arts 64, 336 (1966): 49-65.
Analysis of Matisse as a minor artist in sculpture, albeit an
extraordinary one with outstanding individual works
(Serpentine, the Jeanette series, and the four Backs). Fine
discussion of the situation of sculpture in France when
Matisse first chose his medium (1890s). Matisse elected the
heritage of Degas, a painter-sculptor, rather than of Rodin who
consumed the very possibilities he opened up; thus, Matisse's
sculpture favors the informal over the heroic, the sketch over
the monument, sensibility over power, process over
idealization.

204. Lipchitz, Jaques. "Notes on Matisse as a Sculptor." The Yale

Literary Magazine 123 (Fall 1955): 12.
A short note in which Lipchitz claims that Matisse was a mere
modeler, concerned primarily with surfaces in his early
sculpture, but became a sculptor, engaged with volume and
SCULPTURFlArticles 81

inner structure, by 1930; Tiari of that year is especially

praised.

205. Metken, G. "Körper als Architectur von Formen: zu den

plastischen Arbeiten von Henri Matisse." Kunstwerk 33, 3-4
(December 1969): 3-12.
A reflection on the essentially architectonic structure of
Matisse's sculpture as seen at the 1969 Waddington Gallery
exhibition in London; the author anticipates the centenary
show to come in Paris, 1970. A sensitive, if brief, overview
of the artist's sculptural oeuvre.

206. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle. "Nice, Musee Henri Matisse, la

donation Jean Matisse." Rev. du Louvre 30, 3 (1980): 185-89.
A short article on the donation of fifty bronzes by the widow
of Jean Matisse to the Musee Matisse at Nice, along with the
monumental oil, Nymphe dans La forh (1936-38), two cut-
paper works, three large brush-and-ink drawings, and a
tapestry. Author briefly elaborates the donation according to
several different groups of sculptural work: early, small hand-
held sculptures, the five heads of Jeannette, works from
photographs, Two Negresses and La Serpentine, two states of
Venus in a Shell compared with the cut-paper BLue Nude IV.

207. Nash, Steven A. "Figures and Phantoms: Early Modern

Figurative Sculpture." In A Century of Modern ScuLpture: The
Patsy and Raymond Nasher Collection. Dallas: Dallas
Museum of Art, 1987. Ital. ed. Florence: Rizzoli, 1987.
Exhibition catalogue.
A general essay places Matisse's work in the modern figurative
tradition of Rodin, Rosso, and Maillol, with emphasis on the
specific works by Matisse in the Nasher collection.

208. Norling, OIe. "Det Borgerlige Mareridt, Dm Rodins Borgerne

fra Calais." MiddeLeLser fra Ny CarLsburg GLyptotek 45
(1989): 29-45.
82 SPECIFIC MEDIA

Discusses the history of Rodin's commission for the sculpture,

The Burghers oi Calais, analyzes the work in terms of a
narrative "drama" in the round, traces its influence on Matisse's
Serf, and the works of Giacometti, George Segal, Bjorn
Norgaard, and the painter, Georg Sand.

209. Porter, Fairfield. "Matisse Sculpture and Drawings." Art

News 57 (January 1959): 11.
A one-paragraph review of a late 1958 exhibition at the Gerson
Gallery with more insight on Matisse's sculpture than many a
longer artic\e. Author posits scale and proportion as meaning.

210. Poulain, Gaston. "Sculpture d'Henri Matisse." Formes 9

(November 1930): 9-10.
Author links the sculpture of Renoir, Maillol, and Henri
Matisse, in their "tortuous search for their sculptural gesture"
and in the revitalizing and naturalizing of the gods as French.
Poulain, in a poetic text without thesis, finds Matisse' s
sculpture more reserved than his paintings, "delyricized," and
compelling. Written on the occasion of an exhibition of
sixteen bronzes and of paintings by Matisse at the Pierre Loeb
gallery in Paris; good reproductions of sculptures in the
exhibition.

211. Read, Herbert. "The Sculpture of Matisse." In Henri Matisse

Retrospective, 19-24. Los Angeles: UCLA Art Gallery, 1966.
Exhibition catalogue, no. 129.
A perceptive introduction to the sculptural oeuvre of Matisse
that privileges the role of the arabesque in his formal
distortions; the latter aim to maximize "motion in liberty" in
the phrase of Georges Duthuit. A good general synthetic
treatment of the entire body of work.

212. Read, Herbert. "Le Sculpteur." In XXe Siecle. Hommage a

Henri Matisse, 121-126. Paris: XXe siec\e, 1970. Special
issue on Matisse.
SCULPTURFlArticles 83

A long extract of the 1966 UCLA catalogue essay (no. 211),

lacking only the first pages on Matisse's earliest work and his
contacts with Rodin.

213. Rinuy, Paul-Louis. "1907: Naissance de la sculpture

moderne? Le Renouveau de la taille directe en France."
Histoire de ['Art 3 (1933): 67-76.
Discusses the work of Joseph Bernard, Brancusi, Derain,
Matisse, and Picasso in the context of the new importance
given to materials, direct carving, and the tendency to
abstraction. Weighs and finds fragile the argument that
Gauguin was the major source of this new interest in direct
carving. A more general interest in making sculptural
processes less mediated, more personal and expressive, is
offered as an explanation of the phenomenon.

214. Schneider, Pierre. "Matisse's Sculpture: the Invisible

Revolution." Art News 71, 1 (March 1972): 22-5, 68-70.
French trans. Critique 30,324 (May 1974): 490-500; Danish
trans. Louisiana Revy 25,2 (January 1985): 16-23+.
Schneider discusses Matisse's sculptural achievement as the
manifestation of "static energy, ... silent mass, unrhetorical
weight." He counters the appeal of sculpture to the visual (as
presence) with its appeal to the real (as object) and claims
Matisse overcame this dialectic. An essay of individual
insights rather than sustained argument.

215. "The Sculpture of Matisse." Life Mag. (September 11,

1970): 40-49.
Nine pages of outstanding color reproductions of Matisse
sculpture (photographer: Henry Groskinsky), with an
especially effective page of the four Backs juxtaposed with
Bathers by a River, a full-page image of the Reclining Nude
(1908) in terra cotta, and fine shots of Tiari and the small
Torso of 1929. A concise, but highly informed commentary
accompanies the photos.
84 SPECIFIC MEDIA

216. Sylvester, David. "The Sculpture of Matisse." Country Life

113 (January 23, 1953): 224; also in The Listener 49, 1248
(January 29,1953): 190-9l.
On the occasion of the Tate Gallery exhibition of Matisse's
sculpture, Sylvester is critical of the artist's work in this
medium in comparison to his achievement in painting.
Deploring the "path of facile decoration" he claims Matisse
followed in his later work, Sylvester prefers those sculptures
which parallel the artist's earlier "Fauve" discoveries when
Matisse was more genuinely innovative, tough-minded, and
emotionally engaged. An incisive and important criticism.

217. Tucker, William. "The Sculpture of Matisse." Studio Int.

178 (July-August, 1969): 25-27; reprinted from the catalogue,
Henri Matisse, 1869-1954, Sculpture. London: Victor
Waddington Gallery, 1969. Exhibition catalogue.
Tucker' s earliest essay on Matisse' s sculptural practice,
approach, and achievement; it sketches the themes of visuality
and tactility that will be so brilliantly developed in later
essays. Tucker suggests Matisse's relevance in the era of
"perceptual" sculpture (i.e., minimalism) where concept and
fabrication are less dominant stimulants to the sculptor.

218. Tucker, William. "Four Sculptors: Part 3: Matisse." Studio

Int. 180 (September 1970): 82-87.
Tucker develops the traditional vs. risk-taking aspects of
Matisse's sculpture by analyzing his desire for an internal
architecture of synthetic, but living, forms. He also unifies
the fragmentary nature of the artist's sculptural output by
placing it within the larger scope of his development in
painting; an indispensable study of Matisse's sculptural
projecL This article appears, slightly revised, in Tucker' s
book, The Language ofSculpture (1974), no. 18l.

219. Tucker, William. "Matisse's Sculpture: The Grasped and the

Seen," Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 62-68.
SCULPTURFlArticles 85
An extraordinarily subtle study by a sculptor on the paradox of
tactility and, simultaneously, view. The latter is scaled for
visuality, in Matisse's sculpture: perception at a distance.
Matisse's figure motif is no more than a referent (not a
subject), according to the author, but also a vehicle for the
powerful sexual charge of the works. This essay is perhaps
the best short treatment of Matisse's sculpture.

220. Turner, Caroline. "Matisse's Sculpture." In Henri Matisse,

144-155. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery and Art
Exhbitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition catalogue.
Turner' s is a condensed treatment of the entire sculptural
project of Matisse, viewed through the works in the
exhibition. Author emphasizes the sculpture as a counterpoint
to Matisse's painting, also the centrality of the fe male form,
treated metaphoricaIly, in his three-dimensional work.

221. Wilkin, Karen. "Matisse: A Dialogue Between Sculpture and

Painting," Sculpture Rev. 41,4 (1992): 6-9.
On the occasion of the Matisse Retrospective of 1992 at the
Museum of Modern Art in New York, where sculpture was
strategically placed near related paintings, the author muses on
the problem of the tension between profile and mass in
Matisse's sculpture, a problem analogous to the tension
between the illusion of volumes in space and the exigencies of
the flat surface in painting. Wilkin relates Matisse's solution
of this problem to those of Rodin and MaiIlol, then to
Egyptian and African sculpture. A synthetic treatment by a
sensitive, lucid writer.
86 SPECIFIC MEDIA

Graphics
Books
222. Aragon, Louis. Henri Matisse dessins: Themes et variations,
precMes de "Matisse-en-France." Paris: M. Fabiani, 1943.
Limited edition, 950 copies in portfolio. An inexpensive
reproduction of all the drawings, but without Aragon's text,
has been published as Henri Matisse; Drawings, Themes and
Variations. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1995.
A large, luxury edition of Matisse's "Themes et variations"
drawings of 1941-43, seventeen groups of freely executed pen
or pencil drawings of still lifes or figures. These some one
hundred fifty-eight drawings are "variations" on an original
"theme" usually done more realistically in charcoal. Aragon's
intimate and leisurely text, "Matisse-en-France," is a kind of
elegant apology for Matisse--the latter remote, non-political,
producing works of a hedonistic esthetic--during the
occupation, no. 363.

223. Buchheim, Lothar-GÜnther. Henri Matisse. aus dem

graphischen Werk. Feldafing: Bucheim Ed., s.d.
A small booklet, paper-covered, with a lithographed cut-paper
design on the cover. A three-page essay by Buchheim, selected
texts by Matisse, biography, and bibliography accompany an
album of prints.

224. Cassou, Jean. Henri Matisse, camet de dessins. 2 vols. Paris:

Huguette, Beres and Berggruen & Cie, 1955.
Two slipcased volumes, one of which is a facsimile of
Matisse's notebook sketches for his first series of Blue Nudes
I-IV. The second contains a long essay by Jean Casssou,
which reflects on drawing as the figured thought of the artist,
the first fruit of the artist's intellect, the basis of his method.
Matisse is placed in line with French intellectual (spiritual)
artists: Poussin, Ingres, Valery, Mallarme, Cezanne, none of
whom fell into sterile academicism because they were also
practitioners, workers, artist-intellectuals. Reflections on
Quatremere de Quincy's use of rhetorical figures in speaking of
GRAPHICS/Books 87

art which Cassou applies to Matisse's drawing. Intelligence,

finesse, geometry are seen (ironicallly, in this post-war essay)
as the "weapons" which French civilization never lays down.

225. Castleman, Riva, and John Hallmark Neff. Matisse Prints

from the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of
Modern Art and the Fort Worth Art Museum, 1986.
Exhibition catalogue.
A traveling exhibition with two fine introductory essays:
Castleman's "The Prints of Matisse," 5-16; and Neff's "Henri
Matisse: Notes on his early prints," 17-24, each summarized
under the names of the authors in the next section, nos. 268
and 294. Chronology, selected bibliography, fully documented
list of works exhibited; thirty-one of the ninety-one exhibited
works illustrated.

226. Cowart, William John, III. '"Ecoliers' to 'Fauves,' Matisse,

Marquet, and Manguin Drawings: 1890-1906." Ph.D.
dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, 1972.
An exhaustive and finely detailed analysis of Matisse's
drawings, along with those of Marquet and Manguin, in the
early years when they developed conventional academic skills
and passed from them to their own individual styles. A fund
of information on academic practice and criticism; perceptive
analysis of Matisse's graphic development in the context of
the formation of Fauvism.

227. Duthuit-Matisse, Marguerite, and Claude Duthuit. Henri

Matisse--catalogue raisonne de !'oeuvre grave. 2 vols. Paris:
Ed. by the authors with collaboration of Fran~oise Garnaud and
preface by Jean Guichard-Meili, 1986.
Two volumes, the first on Matisse's etchings and drypoints,
wood cuts, and monotypes and the second on his lithographs,
linocuts, aquatints, and other miscellanea, present the entire
graphic work of Matisse with scholarly documentation. The
last includes title, size, edition, exhibition history when
known, and essential bibliography. A graceful general
introduction by Guichard-Meili introduces the work.
88 SPECIFIC MEDIA

Review: Field, R. S. "Henri Matisse: catalogue raisonne de

)'oeuvre grave." Print Collector's Newsletter 16 (May-June
1985): 62-64.

228. Duthuit, Claude. Henri Matisse--catalogue raisonne des

ouvrages illustres. Paris: Ed. by author with collaboration of
Fran~oise Garnaud and preface by Jean Guichard-Meili, 1988.
A very complete scholarly treatment of Matisse's work as a
book designer, illustrator, contributor of occasional visual
embellishments to books, and designer of book covers.
Unfinished projects and diverse book-related studies are also
included. The introductory essay by Guichard-Meili is
especially informative as are the direct citations by Matisse--
often from unpublished letters--concerning specific projects.
The artist's essay, "Comment j'ai fait mes livres," is also
included. Major texts are translated into English by Timothy
Bent.

229. Dvorak, Franz. Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen. Vienna: Forum,

1973.
An album of plates preceded by a short, general introduction to
Matisse's drawings.

230. Elderfield, John. The Drawings of Henri Matisse. Intro. by

John Golding. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1985.
As much a richly inclusive meditation on Matisse's whole
career in all its manifestations as a book on Matisse's drawing,
this important text by Elderfield must be read alongside the
two other contemporaneous "biographies" on the artist: Jack
Flam's Matisse, the Man and His Art, 1869-1918 (1986) and
Pierre Schneider's Matisse (1984) for three synthetic studies by
long-time Matisse scholars. Elderfield divides his book in four
roughly chronological sections: "Epiphanies" (early work to c.
1905), "Signs" ( 1906 through the period of high
experimentation, 1918), "Possession" (the early Nice years,
1919-1929), and "Illuminations" (1930 until his death in
1954 ). Full of striking original insights such as the Nice
years as a period of continual crisis rather than of decorative
GRAPHICS/Books 89

and sensual ease, and the decade of the 1930s being dominated
by themes of confrontation and domination. The book
adumbrates some of the dense network of ideas elaborated in
the author's catalogue for the MoMA 1992 Matisse: A
Retrospective exhibition, no. 79.
The catalogue proper is a model of scholarly thoroughness and
precision; list of drawing exhibitions, bibliography,
chronology.
Review: Klein, John. Review of Schneider, Elderfield,
Monod-Fontaine. Art Journal 45 (Winter 1985): 359-67;
Cohen, Ronny H. Review of Elderfield, Schneider, and
Watkins. Print Collectors Newsletter !6, 3 (July-August
1985): 104-08; Perl, Jed. "Matisse." New Criterion 3, 10
(June 1985): 24-25.

231. Fischer, Erik. Fire Franske lllustratorer. Ringk0bing: A.

Rasmussens, 1952.
An essay on recent tendencies in French book illustration,
using the recent work of Segonzac, Dufy, Rouault and Matisse
as examples. The complete personalization of the book
design--the illustrations, and the text written and even
composed by the artist--are the desirable culmination of these
trends. Matisse's Jazz and Poemes de Charles d'Orleans are the
apogee. Danish with English summary.

232. Fourcade, Dominique. "Introduction: 'Je crois qu'en dessin j'ai

pu dire quelque chose .... "' In Henri Matisse, des sins et
sculpture, 11-24. Paris: Centre Pompidou, Musee National
d'Art Moderne, 1975.
An essay of the first importance in the drawing literature
accompanies a catalogue of sculptures from the Musee Matisse
in Nice and of drawings from the Musee Cantini in Marseilles.
The catalogue is a model of scholarly documentation,
including chronology, provenance, and bibliography and list of
exhibitions of Matisse's drawing as well as a list of paintings
in which Matisse's sculpture is depicted. Fourcade's insightful
essay probes the question of the inseparability of drawing from
90 SPECIFIC MEDIA

color, and vice versa; he explores the tension of this problem

in Matisse's drawing project. If Matisse can "say something"
uniquely in his drawings, it is not that they differ from his
paintings in scale, subject matter, nature of the tools, or degree
of effort; it is because drawing permitted hirn the exploration
of problems impossible to resolve--or even identify--in other
media. Fourcade traces with great subtlety the evolution (but
not the progress) of Matisse's ability to give equal value to
figure and ground, blacks and whites, mark and paper.
Reviews: Barriere, G. "Matisse noir sur blanc." Connaissance
arts 282 (August 1975): 58-67; "Paris, exposition." L'Oeil
240-41 (July-August 1975): 75; Werner, A. "Life-Enhancing
Work of Henri Matisse." American Artist 48. (August 1976):
205+; Winter, P. "Paris, Ausstellung." Kunstwerk 28
(Summer 1975): 47-8.

233. George, Waldemar. Dessins de Henri-Matisse. Paris: Editions

des Quatre Chemins, 1925. Flam, no. 88, 222-25.
George divides drawing into two historic, psychological types:
the morphological, concerned with pure form and plastic unity;
and the ideographic, concerned with signs representing an idea
or symbolic content. The first is structure, the second
graphology. Matisse's drawings are the former, a painter's
drawings in which line is a shifting framework for the color
that structures the composition. Matisse's drawing comes to
grips with volume, with plastic structure; it is not two-
dimensional or decorative. His line makes empty spaces full,
makes them speak, renders them voluptuous. Matisse's
drawings in mid-20s, George claims, are a kind of "chamber
drawing," written in a secret language, existing in a private
domain.

234. George, Waldemar. Dix Danseuses, lithographies de Henri

Matisse. Paris: Editions de la Galerie d' Art Contemporain,
1927.
Large-format portfolio of plates of lithographs of the model in
tutu, seated or recIining. Short essay by George precedes the
display of this series. George raises interesting questions on
GRAPHICSlBooks 91

the nature of drawing as such and suggests that Matisse's

earlier, "stylized" drawing was pre-Roman compared to a
certain realism of the present 1927 style. Yet, even in the
present decade Matisse is never really "classical" like Picasso;
he is the cornerstone of the truly modern in that he integrates
the lyrical with the intellectual through a devotion to the
purely plastic.

235. Girard, Xavier, ed., with Yu. Roussakov, Jerome Peignot, and
Christian Arthaud. Henri Matisse, {'art du livre. Cahiers Henri
Matisse 3. Nice: Musee Matisse, 1986. Exhibition catalogue.

A complete bibliography and chronology of illustrated books,

albums, books, revues, monographs, catalogues, posters, and
pro grams with Matisse illustrations or designs. Handsomely
produced in the format of the first four Cahiers Henri Matisse,
this was the most complete treatment of Matisse's books
be fore the publication of Claude Duthuit's catalogue raisonne,
no. 228. There is a comprehensive general introduction by
Yu. Roussakov as weil as two fine interpretive essays--"Henri
Matisse: calligraphe de \' amour" by Jerome Peignot and
"L'Emotion premiere" by Christian Arthaud.

236. Girard, Xavier, and Genevieve Monnier, with Christian

Arthaud. Henri Matisse dessins, collection du Musee Matisse.
Cahiers Henri Matisse 6. Paris and Nice: Maeght Editeur,
Musee Matisse, 1989.
An elegantly produced catalogue of 180 drawings chosen from
the collection of the Musee Matisse in Nice, presented in three
sections: 1) ninety-three drawings from 1893 to 1952,
including many intimate and early sheets from the Matisse
family's collection, 2) twenty-seven preparatory studies for the
Barnes mural at Merion, Pennsylvania, and 3) sixty
preparatory drawings for the Chapel at Vence and the church at
Assy. An invaluable cache of drawings not only luxuriously
reproduced but with two admirable texts, the introduction by
Girard and an essay, "Un Dessin est une sculpture," by
Genevieve Monnier.
92 SPECIFIC MEDIA

237. Güse, Ernst-Gerhard, with contributions by Christian Arthaud,

Xavier Girard, and Ernst Uthemann. Henri Matisse, Drawings
and Sculpture. Munich: Prestel Verlag; New York: distributed
by te Neues Publishing, 1991. Trans. by John Ormrod, with
Ian Taylor, slightly abridged from Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen
und Skulpturen. Saarbrücken: Saarland Museum Exhibition
Catalogue, 1991.
Güse's introduction to this handsome book of ninety-seven
drawings and forty-one sculptures, drawn from a yet more
comprehensive exhibition at Saarbrücken that inluded prints,
books, and maquettes as weil, is a workmanlike survey of the
artist's lifetime of drawing and sculpture. The author relies
heavily on Matisse's own statements about his intentions,
processes, and specific aims in the two media. Commentaries
on the drawings are by Xavier Girard, on the sculptures by
Ernst W. Uthemann; there is also an extensive chronology.

238. Hahnloser, Margrit. Matisse, Meister der Graphik. Fribourg:

Office du Livre, 1987. French ed. Matisse. Paris: Bibliotheque
des Arts, 1987. Collection: Maitres de la gravure. Eng. ed.
Matisse, The Graphie Work. New York: Rizzoli, 1988.
A handsomely produced selection of one hundred prints in a
variety of media from Matisse's lifetime print oeuvre. Margrit
Hahnloser, the daughter of the Swiss collector Arthur
Hahnloser, provides a commentary on each print that is more
running biographical account, psychological speculation, and
miscellaneous observation than close analysis or interpretation
of the works. Nor is there the usual comparative discussion of
the prints in question, that is, of their various states, of
similar studies, predecessors, or works related for other
reasons. The prints are an excuse for a general survey of
Matisse as an artist in the broadest terms.

239. Hildebrandt, Hans. Henri Matisse: Frauen, 32 Radierungen.

Leipzig, Wiesbaden and Munich: Insel-Bücherei Series, 1,
1953.
A smalI, beautifully produced, elegantly bound album of
reproductions of etchings from the late 1920s, followed by ten
GRAPHICS!Books 93

pages of text, most of which summarize published

biographical information on Matisse.

240. Hildebrandt, Hans. Henri Matisse, der Zeichner. Zürich:

Diogenes, 1982.
Small book of 100 drawings and prints, 1898-1952. Foreword
by Jean Jouvet; eight-page general essay by Hildebrandt.
Some cut-paper works are reproduced in black and white, with
no indication that they differ from the drawings and graphics.

241. Humbert, Agnes. Henri Matisse, dessins. Paris: Hazan,

1956. Series: Bibliotheque Aldine des Arts, 37.
Small livre de poche with beautifully designed cover
reproducing forty-two drawings by Matisse mainly from 1930
to 1945. Elegant three-page introduction which admires in
Matisse's drawings "knowledge masked under the appearance of
virtuosity ... prodigious science, under the appearances of
fantasy."

242. Lambert, Susan. Matisse Lithographs. London: Victoria and

Albert Museum, 1972; reissued with different cover, New
York: Uni verse Books, 1982.
Handsomely produced album of fifty of the ninety-five Matisse
prints in the V & A Museum Department of Prints and
Drawings, many acquired through the efforts of the artist's
daughter, Marguerite Duthuit, in 1935. Lambert's thoughtful
expository essay on Matisse's practice and esthetic in the
lithographic medium introduces them.

243. Lieberman, William S. Matisse: 50 Years 0/ His Graphie Art.

New York: George Braziller, 1956, 1968, 1981.
Eleven pages of succinct, informative, opinionated text by
Lieberman on 150 works--sixty-one etchings and drypoints,
thirty-one linocuts, nine monotypes, thirty-six lithographs,
three aquatints--of which thirty-one are reproduced. AstilI
indispensable basic text, despite the subsequent catalogue
raisonne, no. 227.
94 SPECIAC MEDIA

Review: Cooper, Ellison. Review. Print 11 (February 1957):

64.

244. Lieberman, William S. Etchings by Matisse. New York: The

Museum of Modern Art, distrib. by Si mon and Schuster,
1955.
Short (three-page) introduction by Lieberman accompanies
twenty-three beautifully reproduced plates.

245. Longstreet, Stephen. The Drawings of Matisse. Series:

Master Draughtsmen. Alhambra, California: Borden
Publishing Co., 1973.
An album of fifty plates of Matisse's drawings from al1
periods introduced by a two-page general essay on the artist' s
approaches and achievements in the medium.

246. Malingue, Maurice. Matisse dessins. Series: Dessins des

Grands Peintres, 1. Paris: Editions des Deux Mondes, 1949.
A smal1 booklet-album of ninety-six plates of Matisse's
drawings from 1939-1948, some fairly rare, chosen by the
artist. Checklist of plates gives date, medium, and size but
does not otherwise identify works by name or collection; five-
page preface by Malingue.

247. [Matisse, Henri]. Matisse, Une Drawings and Prints. New

York: Dover Publications, 1995.
Fifty reproductions of drawings and prints of female nudes,
faces, and still lifes by Matisse from 1898 to 1948; no text in
this inexpensi ve book of reproductions.

248. [Matisse, Henri]. Matisse, Portrait Drawings. New York:

Dover, 1990.
An inexpensive book of reproductions of forty-five portrait
heads; no text.

249. Moulin, Raoul-Jean. Henri Matisse dessins. Series: Les

Grands Maitres du dessin, 1. Paris and Prague: Editions Cercle
GRAPHICSlBooks 95

d'Art, 1968. Trans. by Michael Ross as Henri Matisse,

Drawings and Paper Cut-Outs. London, New York: McGraw-
Hili, 1969. Reissued as Matisse: plume, crayon, fusain,
papiers colles. Paris: Cercle d' Art, 1990.
Moulin's essay does not isolate Matisse's graphic work from
his efforts in all other media. Drawings, prints, book
illustrations, and murals for the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence
are all treated. Author emphasizes the return of Matisse to the
pre-Renaissance Western and non-Western "languages" of art
with respect to their treatment of spatial illusion, to the
importance of non-mimetic light, to the use of decoration and
the arabesque, and to his emulation of the color of the
Byzantine and Russian icon traditions. An intelligent and
perceptive text; color plates of the paper cut-outs brilliant in
the 1968, 1969 editions. Both these and the quality of the
sixty black and white plates are very inferior in the 1990
edition.

250. Mourlot, Fernand. Les Affiches originales des maftres de

l'Ecole de Paris, Braque, Chagall, Dufy, Leger, Matisse, Miro,
Picasso. Monte Carlo: Andre Sauret, 1959.
One hundred and two colored plates of poster reproductions,
accompanied by a substantial text on the circumstances of their
making, technical information, and general biography of the
artists illustrated, by the director of the famous lithographic
studio that produced them.

251. Roger-Marx, Claude. Dessins de Henri Matisse. Paris: Les

Editions Braun, 1939. Series: Galerie d'Estampes, 5.
A large folio of thirty beautifully reproduced drawings by
Matisse, dating from 1920 to 1938, preceded by Roger-Marx's
essay. The author puts Matisse in the category of those
draftsmen who, like seducers of women, change their strategy,
their methods, according to the needs of the case, rather than
find a fixed, signature mode and impose it on any subject.
Like Picasso, Matisse resists his gifts, his facility, and
produces drawings that seem hesitant, unsure, awkward in the
face of the problem they pose. This essay is full of marvelous
96 SPECIAC MEDIA

insights and observations by a critic who is somewhat cool in

his judgment that Matisse enchants but does not move his
viewer--some human quality being absent. Ingres's nudes
speak of desire; Matisse's of an absolute emotional and sexual
serenity. Matisse has a temperament, the critic observes, that
both loves and at the same time flees from itself.

252. Russakov, Jurij. Anri Matiss, Novye knigi. Leningrad:

Hermitage, 1974; Fr. trans. Roussakov, Youri. Henri Matisse,
I'art du livre, collections de l'Ermitage. Leningrad:
Hermitage, 1980. Exhibition catalogue.
Catalogue for exhibition (1974) of books illustrated by
Matisse and published after his death, presented to the
Hermitage by Mmes. M. Duthuit and L. Delectorskaya.
Includes two editions of Georges Duthuit's Une fete en
Cimerie and J.-A. Nau's Poesies Antillaises. Paris: Mourlot,
1972. Total of seventy-two items, with introduction by
Russakov that traces the histories of the books and analyzes
Matisse's working methods.

253. Seckel, Curt. Henri Matisse, Lob der Schönheit. Zeichnungen.

Feldafing: Buchheim Verlag, 1956.
Primarily a small-format album of drawings with introductory
text; drawings mostly from the 1930s.

254. Szymusiak, Dominique. Dessins de La donation Matisse,

Musee Matisse. Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, 1988.
A catalogue of the drawing collection in the Musee Matisse in
the viIlage of his birth, Le Cateau-Cambresis. The
introduction by the museum' s conservator provides the
fascinating history of Matisse's personal interest in the choice
of works, framing, decorating, and layout of the original
museum in the Hotel de Ville. The forty-two drawings
themselves, several from the artist's student years, are
reproduced and scrupulously documented and commented upon.

255. Testori, Gianni. Henri Matisse, 25 Disegni. Milan: Editore

G. G. Görlich, 1943.
GRAPHICSlBooks 97

A short essay on Matisse, tracing his debt to the post-

impressionists, especially Cezanne, in the simplification of
color and form; also his brief lesson in construction through
the Cubists. Plates of drawings mostly from the 1920s and
1930s; an edition of 500 only.

256. Valsecchi, Marco. Disegni di Henri Matisse. Milan: Hoepli,

1944.
A book of plates reproducing Matisse's drawings from all
periods with a general introduction of appreciation and
historical analysis, geared to the general public.

257. Vildrac, Charles. Cinquante dessins par Henri Matisse. Paris:

Maeght Editeurs, 1920. Flam, no. 88, 197-98.
A book of drawings published at Matisse's expense with an
introduction by CharIes Vildrac. Vildrac explains Matisse's
return to the figure as an attempt to redress the modernist gap
opened between art and Iife. Since the figure was neglected by
contemporary art concerned with the probing and reconstitution
of the painting elements themselves, Matisse is returning to
the "moral character" of painting, its human content. Like the
older masters, he again "attunes his style to the style of the
model" and, eschewing both the current archaizing and
modishness, he searches out with humility the grave character
of the model by intelligent deduction and by imagination.
Written in close collaboration with the painter, this is an
important statement on Matisse's Nice manner of the early
1920s.

258. Ward, Mary Martha. Introduction. In Matisse, His Sources

and His Contemporaries, Prints and Sculptures. Chapel Hili:
University of North Carolina, 1973. Exhibition catalogue.
A surprisingly ambitious and informative text that places
Matisse's prints within the print revival of the late 1890s that
preceded them and the work of Matisse' speers and colleagues
in the "School of Paris." A judicious and detailed treatment of
the somewhat unwieldly topic. Modestly produced.
98 SPECIFIC MEDIA

259. Zervos, Christian, ed. "Dessins de Matisse." Cahiers d'art 11,

3-5 (1936).
Special issue containing thirty-six plates of drawings, Zervos's
essay, "Automatisme et I'espace iIIusoire," and Tristan Tzara's
poem "A Henri Matisse."

260. Zoubova, Maria. Desssins de Henri Matisse.IGrafika

MatissaJ. Moscow: Editions d'Art [Iskusstvo), 1977.
Documented presentation of the drawings by Matisse in the
Soviet state collections, commentary and general introduction
by Zoubova.
GRAPHICS/Articles 99

Articles
261. Ashton, Dore. "Seurat to Matisse, Drawing in France." Art
News 73 (September 1974): 98-99.
A review of the Museum of Modern Art exhibition called
Seurat to Matisse, in which the author makes some telling
points about French drawing discipline in general and applies
them briefly to works of Matisse, among others, in the show.

262. Boehm, Gottfried. ''' ... en perspective de sentiment:' Zu den

Zeichnungen Matisse's und den 'papiers decoupes.'" In Henri
Matisse, Das Goldene Zeitalter, 65-71. Bielefeld: Kunsthalle
Bielefeld, 1981. Exhibition catalogue.
The author posits that Matisse's drawings are a gauge of the
changes and transformations that took place in Matisse' s
oeuvre in all media during his lifetime. One of the major
ways that the artist has "rewritten" the course of twentieth
century art is his polyvalent use of line, now used neither to
separate, define, nor divide figure from ground, but to
exchange, embrace, and expand the ground by means of the
"figure." Matisse achieves this early on but enters a new
phase in his post-1940 drawings and in his paper cut-outs,
where the action of the cut-paper edges against the white
surface-ground poses new challenges. As in cubist collage,
according to the author, the edge of Matisse's cut-out neither
elides nor separates areas, but "creates correspondances between
inner and outer, passages and inversions." A fine and acute
discussion of Matisse's contributions to the renewal of the
graphic arts.

263. Bois, Yve-Alain. "Henri Matisse dessins." Art Press Int. 19

(July/ August 1975): 18-20.
On the occasion of the Paris exhibition, Matisse, Drawings
and Sculpture, of 1975, Bois walks through the drawing
history of Matisse adumbrating most of the themes he would
take up later in "Matisse Redrawn" (1985), no. 264, and in
"Matisse and 'Arche-Drawing'" (1992), no. 402,--namely, the
important Fauve revolution in his drawing around 1906, in
100 SPECIFIC MEDIA

which he discovered that quantity effects expressive quality in

that medium as weil as in painting. Bois also posits that
Matisse's drawing is as varied in technique as it is single in its
ends, that the temporal process of accretion and erasure--so
important to the artist's method--is as evident in his drawing
as in his strongest painting, and so on, thus building a case for
the intersemioticity of the artist's work in both media.

264. Bois, Yve-Alain. "Matisse Redrawn." Art in America 73

(September 1985): 126-3l.
Bois proposes that in 1906, the moment of Fauvism, Matisse
discovered how to achieve, not only "expression by color," but
also "expression by drawing: contour, lines, and their direction
(Matisse, 1935)." Reflecting on the exhibit of Matisse' s
drawings at the Museum of Modem Art, Bois admits that there
are only some three drawings of 1906 that exemplify this
discovery, but that around 1935, at the time of the quotation
from "Modemism and Tradition" (cited above), Matisse's
drawings reinvestigate this insight. From 1935, culminating
in the brush-and-ink drawings of 1947-48, Matisse is able to
create "color" from the white of the paper by a dispersal of
homogeneous Iines and spots over the surface which modulates
light by altering relationships between marked and unmarked
areas. The reason that this discovery was not developed in
1907 was that it was displaced into his paintings until 1912.
An important articIe that Bois will develop in the essay,
"Matisse and 'Arche-drawing,'" published in 1990, no. 402.

265. Bowness, Alan. "Four Drawings by Modigliani and Matisse."

Connaisseur 150 (lune 1962): 116-20.
According to the author, both Modigliani and Matisse model
with line--like sculptors. Their drawings are expressive,
ruthless simplifications, yet "packed with information and
implication." One page of text, four full-page illustrations.

266. Breeskin, A. D. "Matisse and Picasso as Book Illustrators."

Baltimore Mus. News 14 (May 1951), 1-3.
GRAPHICS/Articles 101

A short but elegant description of Matisse's Poesies de

Stephane Mallarme (1932), the complete maqueUes of which
are in the BaItimore Museum Collection, and of three books
iIIustrated by Picasso, also owned by the museum: Ovid's
Metamorphoses (1931), Balzac's Chef-d'oeuvre inconnu
(1931) and Aristophanes's Lysistrata (1934). Author stresses
the medium of the illustrated book as suitable for ambitious
works of art.

267. Carlson, Victor. "Some Cubist Drawings by Matisse." Arts

Mag. 45 (March 1971): 37-39.
The author details how the friendship of Matisse with Juan
Gris from 1914 to 1917 deepened his understanding of the
Spaniard's cubist vocabulary and how it informed some of his
own drawings of the period.

268. CastIeman, Riva. "The Prints of Matisse." In Matisse: Prints

from the Museum of Modern Art, 5-16. New York: The Fort
Worth Art Musuem and The Museum of Modern Art, 1986,
no.78.
A rather general overview of Matisse's printmaking activity
with some important discussion of specific issues, for
example, a reasoned dating of the problematic lithograph Large
Nude (on stone) to 1906, the relation of the series of transfer
lithographs of 1906 to the series of 1913, the occasions for the
spurts of printmaking in 1913, 1922, and 1929. As all the
prints in the show are black and white, the author also speaks
of the artist's use of black in general and in relation to his
prints.

269. Dreyer, Ortrud. "Die Arabeske, ein Strukturprinzip der

Romantik." In Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen und Gouaches
Decoupees, 298-303. Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, 1993.
Exhibition catalogue.
Author traces the arabesque as an abstract motif, a "mythical
structure" related to music, from the romantics--Runge and
Schlegel--through Baudelaire, MaIlarme, and the symbolists to
Matisse, by way of Moreau. The abstract sign of the
102 SPECIFIC MEDIA.

arabesque is distinguished from the ornamental; Matisse's

linear simplifications in Themes et variations are used as the
primary example of reduction of nature-based drawing to a
symbolic level of imaginative sign.

270. Duthuit, Marguerite. "Introduction." In Henri Matisse,

lithographies rares. Paris: Galerie Berggruen et Cie, 1954.
Matisse's daughter--who often helped in or supervised the
printing of his works and who catalogued them over the years--
provides an indispensable first-hand account of the artist's
efforts in this medium. A very important, if brief, text.

271. Elderfield, John. "Matisse: Drawing and Sculpture." Art/orum

11 (September 1972): 77-85.
In the wake of the publication of Albert Elsen's book The
Sculpture 0/ Matisse (1972), the MoMA exhibition of
Matisse's sculpture (1972) with catalogue by Alicia Legg, and
the BaItimore Museum's show Matisse as a Draughtsman
(1971) with catalogue by Victor Carlson, Elderfield relates
Matisse's sculpture both to his drawing, with which it has
much in common, and to his painting, for which it acts as an
alternative mode of thinking. Elderfield's usual nuanced and
visually acute discussion focuses more on the sculpture than
the drawing, see no.188.

272. E1derfield, John. "Drawings at an Exhibition." In Henri

Matisse, 52-69. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery and Art
Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition catalogue.
A very fine discussion of Matisse's drawings after 1920,
viewed in the context of Matisse own statements on drawing
from that period, and highlighting the importance of the 1948
Philadelphia Retrospective which was, at the artist' s behest,
especially rich in drawings.
273. Elsen, Albert E. "Rodin's Drawings and the Art of Matisse."
Arts Mag. 61,7 (March 1987): 32-39
Author argues that Rodin's drawings, methods of drawing, and
attitude toward the model had a considerable influence on
GRAPHICS/Articles 103

Matisse's drawings, prints, and paintings. This substantial,

well-illustrated essay successfully argues for Rodin's influence
on the sexual candor of Matisse's nudes.

274. Fourcade, Dominique. "Sur un autoportrait lumineux." In

Matisse, 33 dessins de 1905 a 1950. Paris: Galerie Dina
Vierny, 1982. Exhibition catalogue.
An important essay on Matisse's drawing project, this short
introduction by Dominique Fourcade is of especial beauty and
insight and includes a tender analysis of a single self-portrait of
Matisse in a feIt hat from 1945.

275. Fourcade, Dominique. "65 Dessins de Matisse." Cahiers du

Mus. National d'Art Moderne 13 (1984): 8-17.
An article which enumerates, describes, and sometimes redates
the sixty-five drawings that had recently entered the museum's
collection-- some through purchase, others through gifts. A
meticulous survey with fifteen of the works illustrated.

276. Gasser, Samuel. "Exhibition Posters by Famous Painters

(Ausstellungs-Plakate Grosser Meister/ Affiches des MaItres de
I'Ecole de Paris)." Graphis 16 (March 1960): 108-19.
Short text; mostly reproductions of posters.

277. Golman, ludith. "The Print's Progress: Problems in a

Changing Medium." Art News 75,6 (Summer 1976): 39-46.
In a broad discussion of contemporary prints, current fakes, and
bootleg prints are discussed, among them fake Matisse
lithographs.

278. Guichard-Meili,lean. "Matisse et la splendeur des blancs." In

Matisse: ['oeuvre grave, 9-18. Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale,
1970.
In the obligatory overview of the prints and illustrated books
shown in the exhibition, Guichard-Meili manages to be
eloquent about the seriousness, the austerity, and the
completeness of expression of Matisse's prints. He notes the
104 SPECIFIC MEDIA

luminous and resounding silences of the artist' s whites, coaxed

(in great variety of "color") from the black graphie marks that
create them.

279. Guichard-MeiIi, Jean. "Couleurs de blanc, lumieres du noir."

In Matisse: Donation Jean Matisse, 7-15. Paris: Bibliotheque
Nationale, 1981.
On the occasion of the gift of one hundred sixty-nine works by
Matisse--prints, books, and drawings--by Madame Jean
Matisse, the widow of Matisse's eider son, a sculptor.
Guichard-Meili elegantly iIIustrates the reversal signaled in his
catalogue introduction's titIe. He comments on individual
works exhibited, while pointing continually to broader
characteristics of Matisse' s graphie practice.

280. Haftmann, Wemer. "Die Zeichnungen von Henri Matisse."

Katalog 3. Internationale du Zeichnung. Sonderausstellung
Gustav Klimt--Henri Matisse. 111-122. Darmstadt:
Mathildenhöhe, 1970. Exhibition catalogue.
A sensitive essay on Matisse's drawings in which the author
insists upon their importance as autonomous works.
Haftmann analyzes Matisse's ability to make the white (paper)
of his ground act as both light and space, as weIl as his ability
to derive an abstract play of arabesques from contours that
remain faithful to their origin in appearance and sensation.
Also sketched is abrief history of Matisse's development as a
draughtsman.

281. Hahnloser, Hans R. "Introduction: En vIsIte chez Henri

Matisse." In Henri Matisse. gravures et lithographies de 1900-
1929. Pully: Maison PuIlierane and Bem: Kornfeld and
Klipstein, 1970. Notes on the graphie work by Margrit
Hahnloser-Ingold.
The author recaIls visits with his parents to Matisse at Nice in
1927 and 1929, publishing photographs that were taken at
those times. An informative and affectionate remembrance
which precedes a more esthetic account of the artist's periods
of printmaking and the characteristics thereof. A photograph
GRAPHICS!Articles 105

of Pierre Bonnard posing as an "odalisque" on Matisse's

models' platform, surrounded by hanging patterned fabrics, is
published here for the first time.

282. Hahnloser-Ingold, Margrit. "Matisse graveur." In Henri

Matisse, gravures et lithographies, 11-15. Fribourg: Musee
d'Art et d'Histoire, 1982.
Concise review ofthe "interior logic" ofMatisse's history as a
printmaker, not dependent on his painting or sculpture, though
related to them. An intelligent laying out of the most prolific
periods of the artist's activity in all media, with emphasis on
the series aspects of the work, a method for Matisse to renew
his labor again and again on a single theme.

283. Heilmaier, Hans. "Bei Henri Matisse." Kunst 65 (April

1932): 206-209.
An interview with Matisse in Montparnasse shortly after his
series of international exhibitions in France, Germany,
Switzerland, and America. Illustrated with drawings by
Matisse.

284. King, A. "Technical and Esthetic Attitudes About the

Cleaning of Works on Paper." Drawing (November!
December 1986): 80+.
Matisse's Girl with Tulips and The Swimming Pool are used
as examples of the author' s general points about the care and
conservation of works on paper.

285. Kirker, Anne. "Matisse's Prints and Illustrated Books. A

Note." In Henri Matisse, 156-161. Brisbane: Queensland Art
Gallery and Art Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition
catalogue.
Abrief, workmanlike overview of the artist's oeuvre in
printmaking and in book design.

286. Kozloff, Max. "Notes on the Psychology of Modern

Draftsmanship." Arts Mag. 38,5 (February 1964): 58-63.
106 SPECIFIC MEDIA

A review article for the Guggenheim exhibition, Twentieth-

Century Master Drawings (1963-64), this essay comments on
the importance and autonomy, the abstractness and formal
invention, of drawings in their "homeless" state in the
twentieth century. In this insightful essay, Kozloff makes
general observations and focuses on three masters: Picasso,
Matisse and Klee. Matisse' s drawings, despite their
maintenance of more familiar figuration, display that
transparence and continuity of plane, that impression of both
abandon and control, of hyper-calculation and absolute
spontaneity, that "fruitful ambivalence of discipline and
impulse" that the best modern drawing contains. IlIustrated
with a fuIl-page reproduction of one of Matisse's charcoal self-
portraits of 1937.

287. Kueny, GabrieIle, with notices by Germain Viatte. "Dessins

du XXe siecle au Musee de Grenoble." L'Oeil 96 (December
1962): 67-71.
Story of Jacqueline Marval and Jules Flandrin, students of
Moreau and natives of Dauphine, as was Andry-Farcy, the
Musee de Grenoble's director. They influenced hirn in his
early acquisitions of Fauve work for his all-modern museum,
which led to the Sembat-Agutte donation that enriched the
collection with early Matisse works.

288. Larson, Philip, "The Exotic Ladies of Henri Matisse--Late

1920s, Early 1930s." Print Collector's Newsletter 14,3 (July-
August 1983): 77-81.
A printmaker's irreverent, but extremely perceptive, reflections
on Matisse' s books, prints, and studies for prints in the
collection of the Baltimore Museum of Art. Emphasis on
processes and the development of the pictori&! concept that can
be deduced from successive working versions of a theme.

289. Lieberman, William S. "Illustrations by Henri Matisse."

Mag. of Art 44 (December 1951): 308-14.
A general treatment of Matisse as a book illustrator, with
material very similar to that which appeared concurrently in
GRAPHICS/Articles 107

Barr's Matisse, His Art and His Public. A selected

bibliography of books, illustrated by Matisse and whose
production was closely supervised by the artist, is appended.

290. Lieberman, William. "Henri Matisse 1869-1954." Print 10

(August 1956): 17, 18-28.
Short page of text with ten pages of reproductions of prints
exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art show of eighty prints
by Matisse in 1956.

291. Lieberman, William S., and Riva CastIeman. Matisse in the

Collection 01 the Museum 01 Modern Art. New York: The
Museum of Modern Art, 1978. Detailed commentaries on
Matisse drawings and prints in the collection in a catalogue
edited by lohn Elderfield, no. 78.
A lifelong study of the artist's graphic oeuvre permits
Lieberman to review the riches of the spectacular collection of
Matisse's drawings at the Museum ofModern Art.

292. Lieberman, William S. "Notes on Matisse as a Draftsman."

In Henri Matisse. Berkeley and Los Angeles: UCLA Art
Museum, 1966. Exhibition catalogue, no. 129.
The author defers to Matisse's own writings on his drawing
and quotes a conversation with hirn in which Matisse referred
to drawing as "plastic writing" and as using line to "mold the
the light of the empty sheet." Lieberman touches on major
drawing groups in the artist's oeuvre, briefly compares hirn to
Picasso, and gives a workmanlike summary of his
printmaking and book illustrating activity, about which he had
already written in some detail.

293. Micha, Rene. "La 'Creative Method' de Matisse." Art Int. 19

(October 1975): 58-60.
A short article on Matisse's drawing on the occasion of his
drawing and sculpture show at the Centre Pompidou in 1975,
in which the author draws upon Schneider's and Lebensztejn's
insights about Matisse's insistence on the creation of signs
108 SPECIFIC MEDIA

and of the sentiment towards the model which sets the process
in motion.

294. Neff, John Hallmark. "Henri Matisse: Notes on his Early

Prints." In Matisse Prints from the Museum of Modern Art,
17-24. New York: The Fort Worth Art Museum and The
Museum of Modern Art, 1986, no. 225.
Remarking on the lack of precise scholarship on the
circumstances surrounding the production of particular prints
or series, Neff concentrates on two series of etchings from
1913-14: the pair of Matthew Stewart Prichard etchings and
the series of transfer lithographs of Germaine Reynal. Using
the Isabella Stewart Gardner Archives and the catalogue of
Matisse's prints assembled by Felix Feneon for Bernheim-
Jeune's March 1914 issue of their new Bulletin, Neff corrects
errors of dating and other information on these works, and
suggests (pace Castleman in the same catalogue) that the
Large Nude of 1906 is really from 1913. An important article
and a model of the kind of detailed sleuthing that still needs to
done on Matisse's early work.

295. Olander, William. "Fake, a Meditation on Authenticity." In

Fake. New York: The New Museum of Contemporary Art,
1987. Exhibition catalogue.
In the catalogue for an exhibition of contemporary work that
highlights the questioning of the the concepts of originals,
fakes, copies, multiples, and authentie or fraudulent works, a
Matisse "forgery" by Elmyr de Hory (a look-alike of one of
Matisse's Theme and Variation drawings) illustrates the text.

296. Parker, John. "The Prints of Matisse." Prints 6 (December

1935): 90-93.
An extended review of Matisse's Brook1yn Museum Prints
Exhibition; the author offers a defense of Matisse's
inventiveness and daring while not entirely approving of the
results.

297. Perl, Jed. "Matisse." New Criterion (June 1985): 19-27.

GRAPHICS/Articles 109

Ruminative essay responding to Pierre Schneider's Matisse

(1985), lohn Elderfield's catalogue, The Drawings 0/ Henri
Matisse , and the exhibition that occasioned it. Perl, an artist,
is very perceptive on the artist Matisse; full of fresh
observations and judgments, especially good on the 1920s
works.

298. Roger-Marx, Claude. "L'Oeuvre Grave d'Henri Matisse." Arts

et Metiers Graphiques 34 (1933); Eng. trans. as "The
Engraved Work ofHenri Matisse." Print Collector's Quarterly
20,2 (April 1933): 138-57.
Roger-Marx notes that, without the dazzling instinctive color
that beguiles us in Matisse's paintings, the drypoints and
etchings better reveal the domination of Matisse's intelligence
and will over his temperament. Concision and elegance are
their hallmarks as in the work of Manet, a concision that is
the result of "slow research and successive eliminations."
Etching forces Matisse to greater vehemence and vigor; his
lithographs, unfortunately, often betray "merely a caress on a
sensitive epidermis" and risk being a prey to "indolence and
insipidity." A penetrating, appreciative though critical,
account ofMatisse's prints, the best ofwhich, according to the
author, avoid the poles of "extreme abridgement and finicking
execution. "

299. Rudikoff, Sonya. "Words and Pictures." Arts 33 (November

1958): 32-35.
General discussion of illustrated books and their qualities,
occasioned partly by viewing Matisse's illustrated book on
exhibit at the New York Public Library. Matisse as illustrator
is compared with Picasso, Miro, Clave.

300. Russoli, Franco. "I disegni di Matisse." La Biennale di

Venezia 26 (December 1955): 34-39.
A general appreciation of Matisse's drawings is followed by a
summary history of the development of the artist's drawing
style. The author denies that Matisse's distortions are
110 SPECIFIC MEDIA

gratuitous or that his abstractions are decorative; they are,

rather, always expressive signs.

301. Schultze, JÜrgen. "Die Zeichnungen der 'Fauves.'" In Nabi

und Fauves, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Pastelle aus Schwiezer
Privatbesitz. Zürich: Kunsthaus, 1982. Exhibition catalogue,
nO.1188.
Jürgen Schultze provides a more general essay on "Die
Zeichnungen der "Fauves," to introduce the catalogue which
features only Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, and Rouault as
Fauves, all students of Moreau. Schultze notes that Fauve
drawings are too littIe studied--as Fauvism is deemed chiefly
concerned with color. Author emphasizes the "seismographic"
immediacy of Fauve drawings, which are the first record of the
artist's emotion in front of the motif. This expressivity is
what was added in these works to a somewhat standard range of
Belle Epoch motifs and subjects. The catalogue includes
twenty-six drawings (1901-1947) by Matisse, beautifully
reproduced in this handsome catalogue. Following a short
general introduction, Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold provides abrief
commentary on each Matisse drawing.

302. Solmi, Sergio. "Disegni di Matisse." Sele Arte 1, 2

(September-October 1952): 54-57.
A short, well-illustrated articIe in which Matisse is praised for
pure drawing--an operation of learned expressivity, of concrete
firmness, and of the flexible potential of each stroke.

303. Volboudt, Pierre. "La Ligne a la recherche de la forme" in

XXe Siecle. Hommage a Henri Matisse, 97-112. Paris:
Cahiers d' Art, 1970.
Profusely illustrated articIe containing a connoisseur' s
appreciation of drawing, written in so general a way that it
might apply to any modern draughtsman who favors the spare,
linear arabesque and not specifically to Matisse.
GRAPHICS/Artic\es 111

304. Woimant, Fran~oise. "Bibliotheque Nationale, Matisse,

graveur et peintre du livre." Rev. du Louvre. 2 (1970): 97-
100.
A general preview of the works to be shown at the centenary
exhibition of prints at the Bibliotheque Nationale.

305. Zervos, Christian. "Dessins recents de Henri-Matisse."

Cahiers d'art 14, 5-7 (1939): 5-7 (text), 9-24 (interleaved
charcoal drawings of studies for Pink Nude, Conservatory,
Rockefeller overmantel, and a mother-and-child composition).
The author discusses the procedures of Matisse's drawing
technique. For Matisse, drawing is a complete action, a
complex of Iiberty and discipline, of will and
unconsciousness, of general perceptions and precise
formulations, of enrichment by elimination. Matisse's
concern is to exalt the form, to create surfaces that set into
play a complex of sounds and silences, of radiances that
summon shadows.
112 SPECIFIC MEDIA

Paper Cut-Outs and Decorative Projects

Books
306. Brauner, Heidi. "Natürlich ist das Dekoration;" Perspectiven
eines Begriffes in der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts ausgehend
von Renri Matisse. Series: Europäische Hochschulschriften,
176. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1992.
The author first discusses the concept of the decorative in the
art historical and critical discourses, especially in the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, culminating in its French
usage in Matisse's milieu. She then applies the concept of
Matisse's handling of the motif of the dance in certain of his
decorative easel paintings, the Barnes and Paris murals, his
ballet designs, and cut-outs. Finally, she discusses the
decorative in relation to the contemporary discourses on the
modern and postmodern and the revival of site-specific works
that have decorative implications. The approach remains
conceptually oriented, not favoring the intentions or
statements of Matisse but privileging the theoretical and
philosophical assumptions and ramifications of "discourse
production" that are embodied in particular works.

307. Cowart, lack, with lack D. Flam, Dominique Fourcade, and

lohn Hallmark Neff. Renri Matisse. Paper Cut-Outs. St.
Louis and Detroit: The St. Louis Art Museum and the Detroit
Institute of the Arts, 1977.
This catalogue, accompanying a major traveling show of
Matisse paper cut-outs, is the single most important work on
the work of Matisse in this medium. The extensive catalogue
proper, which inc1udes Matisse's early design "precursors" of
1920 through 1934-37, as weil as cut-out-derived book,
magazine, and catalogue covers, and posters, fully documents
each work with provenance, exhibition record, and
bibliography. An extensive bibliography of works focusing
on the cut-outs and a list of exhibitions which inc1uded cut-
outs is also detailed. One appendix treats the technical maUers
pertaining to the cut-outs (materials, procedures, preservation,
and restoration) and another inc1udes unpublished documents in
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECfS!Books 113

their original language relating to the cut-outs. Three

important essays, John Hallmark Neff's "Matisse, His Cut-
Outs and the U1timate Method," no. 347, Jack Flam's "Jazz, "
no. 1018, and Dominique Fourcade's "Something Else," no.
326, round out the catalogue's content.
Reviews: Fourcade, Dominique. "Autre chose." Art Int. 21
(October-November 1977): 18-25; "Matisse Cut-Outs." Art
News 76 (December 1977): 66-69; "Paper Cut-Outs: National
Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C." Art Int. 21 (October-
November 1977): 51-53; Baker, Kenneth. "Performing
Forms: Notes on Matisse's Cut-Outs." Artforum 16 (January
1978): 60-63; Motherwell, Robert. "Review of Matisse on Art
by Flam and Henri Matisse, Paper Cut Outs." New York
Times Book Rev. (June 4, 1978): 12, 42-43; "Success or
Nothing: Matisse: The Cut-Outs, Detroit Institute." Apollo
106 (December 1977: 509; Schneider, Pierre. "Puvis de
Chavannes: The Alternative." Art in America 65 (May
1977): 94-98; Cowart, Jack. "Travailler avec des ciseaux dans
ce papier est pour moi une occupation dans laquelle je peux me
perdre." Connaissance arts 307 (September 1977): 60-67.

308. Duthuit, Georges, and Pierre Reverdy. Dernieres oeuvres de

Matisse. 1950-1954. Special issue of Verve 9, 35-36 (July
1958); U. S. edition, 1958. Also published separately as The
Last Works 0/ Henry Matisse. 1950-1954. New York,
Harcourt Brace, 1958.
Plates in Verve printed by Mourlot Freres under the direction
of Matisse in 1954 and printed by Draeger Freres. Matisse
designed a cover expressly for the work. Both essays by men
who knew Matisse weil are especially insightful; the
reproductions brilliant. Duthuit's essay "Le Tailleur de
Lumiere," and Reverdy's "Matisse dans la lumiere et le
bonheur," are to be found under their names individually
below, nos. 324 and 700.
309. Elderfield, John. The Cut-Outs 0/ Henri Matisse. New York:
George Braziller, 1978.
114 SPECIFIC MEDIA

A year after the large exhibition of Matisse cut-outs, no. 307,

a major Matisse scholar walks the reader through the
development of the late works of decoupage. Elderfield
organizes Matisse's odyssey around the artist's desire to
integrate the pictorial (image-oriented) role of color with that
of its decorative (construction-oriented) role. The author
masterfully demonstrates that in the final works of 1952-53,
Matisse bonds the figure with decorative panoramas that evoke
the lyricism of arcadian pastorallandscapes. Memories 0/
Oceania and The Parakeet and the Mermaid are his examples.

310. Guichard-Meili, Jean. Les Gouaches decoupes de Henri

Matisse. Paris: Femand Hazan, 1983. Trans. by David Macey
as Matisse Paper Cutouts. London and New York: Thames
and Hudson, 1984.
Large-format book with drawings curiously positioned in the
margins of the summary text (mise-en-page by Marcel Janco)
and lavish, lithographed plates, some folding out to four-page
spreads. The text by Guichard-Meili is expanded to include
Matisse's own words about individual cut-paper works, drawn
from interviews with Lejard, Verdet, and from Jazz. Of value
is the catalogue of gouaches decoupes in public collections.

311. Neff, John Hallmark. "Matisse and Decoration, 1906-1914:

Studies of the Ceramics and the Commissions for Paintings
and Stained Glass," Ph. D. dissertation, Harvard University,
1974.
Neff's path-breaking study posits the decorative as fundamental
to Matisse's art and educational formation and demonstrates its
thesis with a close study--with new data--of three commissions
Matisse undertook between 1906 and 1911. These were
Matisse's early ceramics, especially the ceramic mural he made
for Karl-Ernst Osthaus in Hagen; his decorative panels Music
and Dance for which Neff discovers the original third in this
decorative program, Bathers by a River. completed in 1916;
and an early and unknown commission for stained glass. Neff' s
study is full of new research and, although never published as a
book, its major findings were published in articles in 1975
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECfS!Books 115

(see below, nos. 345, 346, 348). An excellent selected

bibliography.

312. Neret, Gilles. Henri Matisse, Cut-outs. Translated from the

German by Chris Miller. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen, 1994.
An intelligent, lively text accompanies good color
reproductions of some of Matisse's most important works in
cut-paper in this carefully produced book of small format. The
author has skillfully juxtaposed sculpture and drawings that
relate to the cut-outs, has grouped works that relate to
weightIessness (themes of dance, water, flight, acrobatics,
etc.), and has altogether made thescope of Matisse's work in
this medium accessible to the general reader without
oversimplification. Biographical chronology, index of works
illustrated, and selected bibliography are appended.

313. Wattenmaker, R. J. Puvis de Chavannes and the Modern

Tradition. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1975. Exhibition
catalogue.
An exhibition catalogue essay in which the author argues that,
despite the enormous influence of Cezanne and his cubist
followers, Puvis de Chavannes' essentially simplified and
reductive decorative style became the reigning paradigm of
modern painting. In a richly informative and wide-ranging
essay on Puvis' work and influence, Wattenmaker uses
Matisse as a perfect example of a modern artist who "circled
back to [Puvis'] decorative aims through channels opened by
Cezanne." From Joy 0/ Life (1906) to the Barnes Foundation
mural, Dance (1933), Matisse finally preferred Puvis's
rhythmic scale, restrained and limited palette, lucid and
synthetic formal logic to Cezanne's weighty, volumetric
solidity of form and density of texture. An indispensable essay
on the topic, certainly informed by the prestige of large-scale,
decorative color-field painting in 1975.
116 SPECIFIC MEDIA

Articles
314. Baker, Kenneth, "Performing Forms: Notes on Matisse's
Cutouts." Artforum (January 1978): 60-63.
A very perceptive article which relates the cut-outs of Matisse
to traditional silhouettes and to portraits, singling out The
Dancer (1949) and its theme of "the observer observed" for
detailed analysis. Baker comments on both the restraints and
limitations of the medium and its opportunities for the artist
to shake off old habits. He notes that the cut-out forms are
never so abstract as to not signify their nature as signs, if
sometimes unreadable ones. A discussion of the Swimming
Pool elicits the observation that it is "Matisse' s grand
statement of the pictorial reality of relations as things seen
rather than as ideas."

315. Bertin, Celia. "Monsieur Matisse." Le Figaro litteraire

(November 13, 1954): 5.
Delightfully anecdotal reminiscence of an earlier visit to the
recently deceased artist while he was working on his decorative
commissions in his later years. The author was the editor of
Roman, a bi-monthly review published in Vence, for which
Matisse had designed the cover.

316. Broude, Norma. "Miriam Schapiro and 'Femmage':

Reflections on the Conflict Between Decoration and
Abstraction in Twentieth Century Art." In Norma Broude and
Mary D. Garard, eds. Feminism and Art History, Questioning
the Litany. New York: Harper Row, 1982.
A feminist discussion of the role of decoration as the avant-
garde's Other that has marginalized women as weil, since
decoration is gendered as "feminine." In a treatment of the
contemporary artist Miriam Schapiro's aggressive opposition
to these stereotypes, Matisse and Kandinsky are presented as
"authentie" avant-garde artists who worked in decorative
modes. Matisse is admired for not denigrating his decorative
works in relation to his easel painting or sculpture.
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS/Artic1es 117

317. Cassou, Jean. "Matisse va presenter au public ses papiers

decoupes." France Illustration 383 (February 14, 1953): 234-
35.
Picture spread on the upcoming exhibition of Matisse's paper
cut-outs at the Berggruen galley in Paris; brief text.

318. Childs, Elizabeth c., and John Klein. "Oceanic Escapes:

Travel, Memory, and Decoration in the Art of Henri Matisse."
In Henri Matisse. 122-36. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery
and Art Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition catalogue.
The authors give a fresh account of Matisse's voyage to Tahiti
with full attention to the implications of the region being a
colony of France. They detail the impact of traditional Tahitian
ceremonial c10ths on Matisse's subsequent decorative cut-paper
work carried out in fabric. Also discussed is the gender-reversal
that follows from Matisse' s use of female assistants in his
studio to aid hirn in turning into high art what was, in Tahiti,
the traditional and highly valued production of women alone.
An indispensable study on this topic.

319. Courthion, Pierre. "Papiers decoupes d'Henri Matisse." XXe

Siecle 6 (January 1956): 45-47. Special issue on "Le Papier
colle du cubisme a nos jours."
A short general treatment of Matisse's deployment of the cut-
paper form in mural arrangements, with a slight disparagement
of the work as a substitute for painting and as lacking the
boldness of his best work.

320. Cowart, Jack. "Matisse's artistic probe: the collage." Arts

Mag. 39 (May 1975): 53-55.
Using Beast of the Sea (1952) as a paradigmatic work, Co wart
discusses certain of Matisse's collages that are visually
balanced by opposition of vertical bands of color or organized
by shapes floating on horizontal color bands. The dose formal
analysis of this work reveals how eloquent is the artist's use of
multiple colors, intensities, shapes, rhythms, and intervals, in
118 SPECIFIC MEDIA

a densely-packed, stacked space, to engage both eye and mind.

A very fine analysis.

321. Cowart, Jack. "Travailler avec des ciseaux dans du papier est
po ur moi une occupation dans laquelle je peux me perdre:
Matisse." Connaissance arts 307 (September 1977): 60-67.
Broad introduction to the exhibition of which the author was
curator, no. 307. Points out the surprising emotional content
of certain plates of Jazz (three full-page illustrations), the
relation of ideas and motifs to recollections of Tahiti, and the
importance of masks and masking in the late works.

322. Degand, Leon. "Les Papiers decoupes de Matisse." Art

d'aujourd'hui 2 (1953): 28.
Degand's relatively short review ofthe Berggruen exhibition of
Matisse's paper cut-outs concems itself with the relation of
these works to abstract art. Degand notes that many lament
that the artist is sliding (as down a slippery slope) to
abstraction; even Teriade, noting that "from color to color,
without foreign intervention ... the composition is formed,"
cannot bring hirnself to use the word "abstract." For Degand,
that the figurative element is so supressed in the cut-outs that
they become abstract, is a real change for Matisse but, for the
history of art, an event al ready forty years old.

323. Diehl, Gaston. "Henri Matisse: contributions a l' art

decoratif." Art and decoration 6 (FaIl 1947): 2-10.
Conceding Matisse's contribution to pictorial art--"translating
the essence of our epoch, disengaging its characteristic signs"--
Diehl claims that, even if Matisse had not engaged decorative
projects proper, his contribution is universal enough to be
utilized in the decorative arts. This contribution comprises:
"his ample constructive arabesques, his vigorous color
contrasts wh ich render the play of shadows and values useless,
his powerful expressive graphism, his audacious rhythmic
harmonies, his astonishing suites of ass on an ces and
dissonances, his extreme balance of forms and colors, his lines
and his vast areas treated with a sure liberty and brutal
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECrS/Artic1es 119

frankness" --all convertible to decorative uses. Profusely

iIIustrated with paintings, book designs, ceramics, and silk-
screened hangings.

324. Duthuit, Georges. "Le Tailleur de Lumiere." In Dernieres

Oeuvres de Matisse, 1950-1954, a special issue of Verve 35-
36 (July 1958). Eng. trans. as The Last Works 0/ Henry
Matisse, 1950-1954. New York, Harcourt Brace, 1958, no.
308. Also extracted in XXe Siede. Hommage aMatisse, 75-
84. Paris: XXe Siecle, 1970, as "Derniere etape: les papiers
decoupes."
Are the last works of Matisse the playful diversions of an old
man out of touch with the real world or the crystalline
epitaphs of the sage who condenses his means to the essential?
Duthuit makes a case for the lauer, distinguishing the cut-
paper work from traditional collage and from Matisse's
customary, time-intensive painting methods. Rather, the
paper cut-out is an instantaneous sculpting in blocks of color;
a surface created in which one substitutes the deep spatial
breathing of lungs for the surface expansionl contraction
breathing of gills. Duthuit defends the gravity and mysticism
of the late work against the criticisms of detractors; an
important article.

325. Forgey, B. "The Matisse Cut-Outs." Art News 76, 10

(December 1977): 66-69.
On the occasion of the exhibition of Matisse's paper cut-outs
that opened in Washington, D. c., in September 1977,
Forgey reviews the sources and techniques used in the works
and describes some in detail. A general treatment with no new
research.

326. Fourcade, Dominique. "Something Else." In Henri Matisse,

Paper Cut-Outs. St. Louis and Detroit: The St. Louis Art
Museum and The Detroit Institute of Arts, 1977, no. 307.
Fourcade dissents from the majority opinion that Matisse
succeeded at last in integrating color and line ("drawing and
sculpting with color") in his late paper cut-outs for two
120 SPECIFIC MEDIA

reasons. First, he holds that Matisse had al ready done so in

his paintings of 1905-1917 and 1933-47 and in his drawings,
especially those of the late 1930's and of the Theme and
Variations series. Second, he does not find the cut-paper
works altogether successful, despite their adventurousness and
their risk-taking break with the artist's traditional practice. The
invention of "signs," sheared from their painted environment
and placed against a harsh, unpainterly white surface, replaced
Matisse's usual working of form-objects within their painterly
spatial ambiance, simultaneously creating both the figure and
its ground. Though the "something else" that Matisse
attempted in the cut-outs is full of contradictions and
unresolved problems, according to the author, Matisse left a
legacy of fresh perspectives and challenges to the next
generation of artists. An important analysis of the artist's
artistic probe in the cut-outs.

327. Franzke, Irmela. "Das keramische Frühwerk von Henri

Matisse." Keramos 110 (October 1985): 67-76.
A broad survey and description of Matisse's ceramics (vases,
plates, and the ceramic triptych) done with Andre Methey at
Asnieres in 1907. Weil illustrated, with two color plates of
less well-known vases, but not an exhaustive survey.

328. Franzke, Irmela. "Matisse und die Keramik: die

Zusammenarbeit mit Andre Methey im Jahr 1907." Kunst &
Antiquitäten 1-2 (1992): 38-41.
A close look at the work of one year, that of Matisse's most
productive work with Methey, in the area of ceramic
production. Covers the same body of work as the earlier
article, no. 327.

329. Goldin, Amy. "Matisse and Decoration: The Late Cut-Outs."

Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 49-59.
This is a brave, innovative, and very important discussion of
decoration--in itself and without apology for its conceptual
blandness--and of the decorations in Matisse's oeuvre wh ich
include, for Goldin, all of his cut-paper work. A historian of
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS!Articles 121

Islamic art, Goldin discusses decoration in terms of field and

frame, grid and pattern, with admirable concision and verve.
She discusses with great intelligence Matisse's own
transformation of the terms expression and decoration and of
his increased desire, toward the end of his life, to produce
public and social art, for which the the expanded, intensified
spaces of his decorative murals and chapel would provide the
ambiance.

330. Goldin, Amy. "Patterns, Grids and Paintings." Artforum 14,

I (September 1975): 50-54.
A thoroughgoing discussion of pattern as a matter of interval
and not as arepetition of motifs, Goldin's article refers only
on ce to Matisse but provides much to consider in relation to
his work. Goldin relates pattern to drawing, to composition,
to iconic meaning, to viewer response, to grids, to
temperament, to creativity. A fine, thought-provoking article,
a companion to her essay on Matisse, no. 329, though not
artist-specific.

331. Goldin, Amy, "The Body Language of Pictures." Artforum

16,7 (March 1978): 54-59.
Responding to Dominique Fourcade's negative evaluation of
much of Matisse's late cut-paper work because its method
destroys (pictorial) spatiality, Goldin analyzes the unique
spatial possibilities inherent in grid structures and the vertical
axis of symmetry proper to wall compositions. The viewer's
attentive gaze is rendered mobile, multi-positioned, and
ongoing; space becomes, not a property of the object or an
illusion, but an outcome of specific, actual experience face-to-
face with the work. Matisse's work is referenced in this
apologia for "another kind of spatial experience" but not dealt
with in detail. Fourcade's article "Something Else" is found in
the catalogue, Henri Matisse. Paper Cut-Outs, St. Louis and
Detroit, 1977, no. 307 and see no. 326.
122 SPECIAC MEDIA

332. Hennessey, Richard. "The Cutouts of Matisse." In Henri

Matisse, Zeichnungen und Gouaches Decoupees, 293-297.
Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, 1993. Exhibition catalogue.
An exaltation of the cutout work that exhibits the very elan
and the zestful wonder that the author finds in Matisse's late
work. Scale, pattern, extension, and compression are
phenomenologically examined with extraordinary freshness and
with new insights, both formal and thematic. A wonderful
discussion.

333. Lassaigne, Jacques. "Etat de la tapisserie." Panorama des Arts

1947, 250-51. Paris: Somogy, 1948.
A two-page summary of the revival of tapestries in
contemporary designs, occasioned by an exhibition mounted
by Denise Majorel at the Galerie de France. From private
patrons to public commissions, according to Lassaigne, new
uses are being devised for tapestry projects. The last two
sentences mention Matisse's Polynesie, Le eiel and Le Mer,
the former being given a half-page reproduction.

334. Lassaigne, Jacques. "Les Grandes gouaches decoupees d'Henri

Matisse; la peinture sans limites." Les Lettres jranraises
(August 6, 1959).
The author emphasizes the revolutionary nature of the
revelation of the Kunsthalle (Bern) exhibition, the first to
include thirty ambitious, large-scale cut-paper works by
Matisse. Twenty-three of these had never before been shown.
The author "walks through" the show, singling out
representative works in which Matisse handled his new
medium in quite different ways--for example, The Blue Nudes,
The Snail, Snow Flowers, The Negress. and his book, Jazz.
This is basically a review of the show.

335. Levine, Stephen Z. "DecorlDecorative/Decoration in Claude

Monet's Art." Arts Mag. 51 (February 1977): 136-39.
Thoroughly applicable to Matisse is Levine's discussion ofthe
terms decor, decorative, and decoration in the writings on
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS/Articles 123

Monet after 1880, when his work was assimilated to

symbolist esthetic values. The decorative was newly
appreciated as a spectacle for the eye, a manifestation of order
and balance created by the thinking artist for the viewer's
repose of spirit. The comparative/ successive mode of Monet's
serial paintings is also relevant to Matisse's use of seriality in
his later work. An indispensable article for the period and the
medium.

336. Leymarie, Jean. "Le Jardin du paradis." Les Lettresfranr;aises

(August 6, 1959); (excerpts of paper given on the occasion of
the inauguration of the exhibition of cut-paper work at the
Kunsthalle in Bern in 1959). Excerpts also published in
Quadrum 7 (1959): 103-114+.
A rhetorical exercise in which Matisse's debt to the "East"
(especially Persian art) is linked to his themes of the garden
and of paradisal joy. The author finds all of these exemplified
in the thirty works in cut-paper that are being exhibited in
Berne, marveling as well that they are the works of his old
age, placing him with Rembrandt, Monet, and Renoir in this
late flowering of his gifts, rather than a substitution for media
that require greater strength and creativity. Fulfilling the
premises of Fauvism, these works are "the exaltation of the
flat surface without local color by virtue of combining the
arabesque and pure color."

337. Leymarie, Jean. "Les Grandes Gouaches decoupees de Matisse

aIa Kunsthalle de Berne." Quadrum 7 (1959): 103-114. From
a paper given on the occasion of the inauguration of the
exhibition of cut-paper work at the Kunsthalle in Bern in
1959; excerpts also published in Lettres franr;aises, August 6,
1959.
Leymarie praises "these sumptuous and grandiose creations
under their apparently fragile and trifling form" that come
"from beyond the grave" to make a major impact on modern
art. The author distinguishes the work from cubist and
surrealist collages and finds it relevant "to the contemporary
philosophies of intuition and the immediate, and rejoins the
124 SPECIFIC MEDIA

most penetrating research of contemporary art, based on speed

and improvisation, direct contact with the matter, the fusion of
painting-sculpting, the decorative demand." He points out
Matisse has reversed his painting procedures completely and
echoes the exhibition catalogue introduction in claiming that,
in experiencing Matisse's large paper cut-out compositions,
one enters the "Heavenly Jerusalem" or a garden of paradise.

338. Marchiori, Guiseppe. "Papiers decoupes." La Biennale di

Venezia 26 (December 1955): 26-28.
Short, Iyric celebration of the cut-paper work of Matisse and
of its Byzantine-like projection of an exact space, the work of
a marvelous decorative imagination.

339. Marechal, Andrea. "Portrait of an Ersari." Hali 7,3 (July-

August-September 1985): 10-13.
Author identifies the carpet in Matisse's Family Portrait
(1911) as a Turkoman Ersari gülli göl carpet; she further
notes and identifies carpets and fabrics found in other Matisse
paintings as prominent vehicles of spatial organization.
Against the background of some biographical information, the
compositional use of pattern--as found in these carpets-- is
examined as a strategy that Matisse discovered and utilized in
his move from Western perspectival compositional systems.

340. Marmer, Nancy, "Matisse and the Strategy of Decoration."

Artforum 4, 7 (March 1966): 28-33.
On the occasion of the UCLA Matisse retrospective, the
author relates Matisse's thriving reputation to contemporary
color field and "optical" painting. In all of the artist's work--
early to late--decoration functioned structurally as weil as
expressively, Marmer notes, and the "tough-minded
aestheticism" of the French artist is shared by the American
"new abstractionists" such as Kelly, Youngerman, Nolan and
Held.

341. MarshalI, Neil. "Patterning." Arts Mag. 55, 1 (September

1980): 120-21.
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS/ArticJes 125

In a general discussion of the nature of patterning, Matisse's

use of pattern--from Pink Studio to the last cut-out murals--is
analyzed as a particularly inventive and free deployment of
patterns for different ends, as the individual work's and the
artist's current concerns dictated. The author suggests that as
the passion for change-for-its-own-sake wanes in the
postmodern period, interest in pattern, though "traditional and
conservative," is creating fresh possibilities for new art of
quality.

342. Masheck, Joseph. "The Carpet Paradigm: Critical

Prolegomena to a Theory of Flatness." Arts Mag. 51
(September 1976): 93-110.
A historical tracking of the metaphor of the "Persia carpet" for
those qualities of flatness, object1essness, and formal beauty
which can also be found in late nineteenth-century and post-
impressionist modernism. A wonderfully rich, incJusive study
which acknowledges the role of the applied or decorative arts in
the acceptance of non-objective painting but distinguishes the
discourses proper to each--though they often seem to overlap
in the discussions of decorative and pictorial values. This
paradigm of flatness is celebrated by the author as apt until the
advent of Cubism and its new paradigm of "pictorially
veritable" spatial construction, whereupon the carpet metaphor
and its referent seem relegated to the ashbin of superceded
plastic ideas. A very learned, important article with many
applications to Matisse's theories of painting.

343. Masheck, Joseph. "Embalmed Object: Design at the Modern

(with appendix 'Art as Rest and Relaxation')." Artforum 13,6
(February 1975): 49-55
Discusses the history of the idea that art is related to leisure,
citing Reynolds, Goethe, Hume, Zola, Baudelaire, Morris, and
finally Matisse on his comparison of art for the intellectual
worker to an easy chair for the tired laborer. This short work
is an appendix to a longer critique of the design collection and
its rationale at the Museum of Modern Art, occasioned by an
exhibition of its design collection, entitled Art and Leisure.
126 SPECIFIC MEDIA

344. Meyer, Franz. "Les Grandes gouaches decoupees." In Henri

Matisse, 1950-1954, Les Grandes gouaches decoupees. Bem:
Kunsthalle Bem, 1959.
A sensitive, workmanlike review of the history of Matisse's
working with cut-paper gouaches and a fine overview of the
esthetic problems, challenges, and achievements of the artist in
particular works. This is the catalogue introduction to the first
large museum exhibition of the cut-paper works, a masterful
synthesis of the major formal and iconographical readings that
would prevail for the next decades; provides a mini-
bibliography of the literature on the medium to that point. An
important essay.

345. Neff, John HaIImark. "Matisse and Decoration; an

Introduction, part 1." Arts Mag. 49 (May 1975): 59-61;
"Matisse and Decoration, part 11," (June 1975): 85.
Two important articles adapted from the author's unpublished
dissertation, no. 311, that reposition the decorative as an
important aspect of Matisse's early education and life-Iong
aspirations. Fascinating comparisons between Matisse's
"Notes of a Painter" (1908) and a standard manual of decorative
procedures, Henry Havard's La Decoration of 1892, wh ich
summarized the nineteenth-century art theories of CharIes
Blanc and de Superville. Neff also traces the changing views
of the value of decoration in the first decade of the twentieth
century, often supported by nationalist fervor. Part 11
discusses the decorative paintings done for the Moscow
importer, Shchukin, leading up to the commissions for Dance
and Music and the role of Bemheim-Jeune in those earlier
commissions.

346. Neff, John Hallmark. "Matisse and Decoration: the Shchukin

Panels." Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 38-48.
An artic1e of the first importance on the ensemble of paintings
Dance, Music and (the original) Bathers by a River. Neff
establishes convlncingly that the third painting, Bathers, was
originally intended by Matisse as part of a tri-partite program
for Shchukin's staircase. (Neff also c1ears up the "studio" vi>.
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS/Artic\es 127

"staircase" translation of Charles Estienne's interview with

Matisse in 1909 in which Matisse speaks of the total
program.)

347. Neff, John Hallmark, "Matisse, His Cut-Outs and the Ultimate
Method." In Henri Matisse, Paper Cut-Outs. St. Louis and
Detroit: St. Louis Art Museum and Detroit Institute of Arts,
1977.
Neff develops the thesis that the cut-outs were not only the
synthesis of Matisse's drawing, painting, and sculpture but
also of his career as a whole. Drawing on memory, according
to Neff, Matisse executed--in the act of cutting a form--a
gesture that harmonized his action with his conception.
Gestural expression freed hirn from emotion and at the same
time captured the specific yet universal qualities of his subject.
Neff also discusses the cut-outs in relation to sculpture and to
sources of inspiration in non-Western, especially Islamic,
decoration.

348. Neff, John Hallmark. "Matisse's Forgotten Stained Glass

Commission." Burlington Mag. 114 (December 1972): 867-
70.
At the Karl-Ernst-Osthaus Museum archives, Neff discovered
the correspondence concerning a stained glass window design
requested by Osthaus and Gottfried Heinersdorff, head of the
Berlin Werkstatt für Verglasung: Glasmalerei and Glasmosaik,
for an exhibition of the executed designs contributed by
contemporary painters. Although Matisse's designs were
ne ver realized, the history of the conception and the eventual
collapse of the project provides an insight into the efforts to
revive craft techniques through the intervention of
contemporary painter/designers, and the difficulties that
attended these efforts. The first (and still only) artic\e on this
fascinating page in Matisse's early decorative efforts.

349. RusselI, John. "Final Flowering of Henri Matisse, Invincible

Artist." Smithsonian Studies American Art 8,6 (1977): 72-
79.
128 SPECIFIC MEDIA

WelI-ilIustrated celebration of the preferred technique of

Matisse's last years that emphasizes the Iiberating, youthful
and joyous qualities of the last works, particularly Jazz,
Swimming Pool, Women and Monkeys, and Large Decoration
with Masks.

350. San Lazzaro, G. "Decoupages de Henri Matisse." XXe Siecle

4 (January 1954): 73.
On the occasion of the Berggruen Gallery exhibition of
Matisse's cut-paper works, the author at this early date is able
to recognize their importance as the development of the artist' s
new system of "signs." This replaces and fulfills the earlier
"system" of his painting--at the heart of all of his
representations earlier in his career.

351. Schneider, Pierre. '''The Figure in the Carpet,' Matisse und

das Dekorative." In Henri Matisse. Zürich: Kunsthaus Zürich;
Dusseldorf: Städtische Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, 1982.
Exhibition catalogue.
Schneider traces the importance of the decorative--as embodied
in Persian carpets--throughout the work of Matisse, showing
the duality of his Western realism and his Eastern sensitivity
to the decorative. The poles are in constant oscillation in his
work, each acting to challenge the other. Sometimes the figure
(content) is concealed in the carpet and sometimes the carpet
(abstract structure) is concealed beneath realistic figuration.
An important articIe whose argument is spelled out in greater
depth and detail in Schneider's 1984 book, Matisse, no. 157.

352. Schneider, Pierre. "Puvis de Chavannes: The Alternative."Art

in America 65, 3 (May-June 1977):94-98.
Author details Matisse's debt to the example of Puvis de
Chavannes' flat mural style as the alternate possibility to
Neo-impressionist "realism," as realized in Matisse's 1904
pointillist panel, Luxe, calme et volupte. Schneider
incorporates and expands this material in his 1984 book,
Matisse, no. 157.
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS/Articles 129

353. Sowers, Robert. "Matisse and ChagalI as Craftsman." Craft

Horizons 22 (January 1962): 28-31
A thoughtful comparison of the effectiveness of Matisse's cut
paper maquettes, The Acanthuses (1953) and The Vine (1953),
for a ceramic mural and stained glass window respectively,
with Marc ChagalI's twelve stained glass windows, The
Twelve Tribes of Israel, for a synagogue in Israel. The author
finds Matisse' s designs more successful in scale, design, and
wholeness of effect, than ChagalI' s windows. These latter are,
ironically, too painterly, in spite of the artist's care in
leaming technical aspects of the medium.

354. Spies, Wemer. "Mit der Schere gezeichnet." In Das Auge am

Tatort. Achtzig Begegnungen mit Kunst und Künstlern, 90-94.
Munich, 1979. Trans. by Luna Came-Ross and John William
Gabriel as Focus on Art. New York: Rizzoli, 1982.
An article on Matisse's cut-paper work on the occasion of the
Matisse, Paper Cut-Outs exhibition of 1977. Compares these
works, not with cubist collages but with Picasso's late
sculptures constructed as smalI cardboard maquettes which were
then enlarged and fabricated. Spies points to the importance of
Jazz for the painters of the 1960s and 1970s and rejects the
notion that Matisse does cut-paper work because of his poor
health. Traces the tradition as a decorative and mural concern
which goes back to the 1930 murals and was al ready used as an
aid in constructing paintings such as Pink Nude (1935).

355. Spurling, Hilary. "Henri Matisse et les tisseurs de Bohain."

In Tisserands de Legende, Chanel et le tissage en Picardie.
Trans. from English by M. J. Gransard. Compiegne: A. S. P.
I. V. Editeur, 1993. Exhibition catalogue.
In the catalogue for an exhibition celebrating the famous
weavers and designers of Picardy and particularly of Matisse' s
horne town of Bohain-en-Vermandois, Spurling details the
flourishing fabric industry that coincided with the years of
Matisse's boyhood there and reveals that the Matisse family
had been weavers from before the Revolution until the artist's
father broke the tradition by becoming a merchant. The
130 SPECIAC MEDIA

artisans were known for their subtle and sumptuous color and
for their audacity, originality, and experimental ingenuity as
designers. The author traces this influence on Matisse's work.
A too-brief account that will undoubtedly be developed in the
biography of Matisse that the author has in preparation, the
first volume of which will be published in 1996 or 1997 by
Hamish Hamilton, London, and Knopf, New York.

356. Sutton, G. K. "Papirklip--det er noget [Cut-outs--Quite

Something]." Louisiana Revy 25,2 (January 1985): 46-50,
55.
A retelling of the initiation of the cut-paper technique after
Matisse's major surgery, his development of themes and
motifs, and his manner of working from nature rhythmically
in order to capture the essentials of living beings. Stresses the
practical nature of the medium for a "handicapped" artist, not
its radical nature.

357. Wescher, Herta. "A Glance at Recent Trends in Collage." In

Collage. Trans. from the German by Robert E. Wolf. New
York: Abrams, 1968.
In a general treatment of collage, Matisse's paper cut-outs are
given a mini-history that is accurate and treats the works as a
major genre of the artist.

358. Wood, William. "Boudoir Scissorhands: Matisse, the Cut-

Outs and the Canon." RACAR, Revue d'Art Canadienne /
Canadian Art Review 18,1-2 (Spring 1991): 5-17.
The author reviews the "canonical" status of Matisse's
paintings and the relation of the reception of Matisse's
decorative work--his applied-art multiples of Polynesie,
Oceanie, Jazz, etc.--to the artist's prestige as a painter. He
finds that there is confusion in the criticism of the cut-outs on
this point, a withdrawal by the artist from commercial
ventures with his "multiples," and a recuperation of the cut-
paper work under the criteria of painting. Matisse's
ambivalence toward the late works is explored, as weIl as the
consuming possessiveness and sublimated eroticism of the late
PAPER CUT-OUTS, DECORATIVE PROJECTS/Articles 131

works like The Swimming Pool. Critical issues are examined

with perspicacity , balance, and a fresh viewpoint.

359. Zervos, Christian. "Decorations de Henri-Matisse." Cahiers

d'art 14, 5-6 (1939): 165-178.
Zervos discusses the conflicting aims of easel painting, which
is in a healthy state of quality, originality and newness of
technical means, and those of mural painting, fallen into
disuse and disregard, and wh ich encourage a conventional,
restricted approach. Calls for a renewal of mural painting that
meets the social needs of the times, and which the "magnetic
influence of the masses" in fact stimulates rather than impedes.
Zervos cites the Barnes Foundation mural by Matisse and
Picasso's Guernica as examples of the quality possible in
mural painting. The article is profusely illustrated with the in-
process photographs of Matisse's overmantel decoration for
Nelson Rockefeller's music room and the decorative panel,
Music (Albright Knox Museum), here simply called
Decoration.
This page intentionally left blank
 IV
General Articles
360. Ahlers-Hestennann, F. "Das Atelier Henri Matisse, 1909." In
Pause vor dem 1II. Akt, 176-179. Hamburg, 1949.
The reminiscences of one of Matisse's fonner students on the
working conditions in Matisse's school in 1909. Author's
subject is the students themselves rather than their teacher.

361. Allard, Roger. "Henri Matisse." L'Art vivant 4 (February 15,

1925): 1-3.
A subtle and far-ranging appreclatlOn of Matisse as an
"expressionist," but one whose expression is through his
plastic means (Iine and color especially) and through a feeling
for "the fantastic reality of life," in Baudelaire's phrase. An
essay of the period distinguished by neither elevating the
innovative Parisian Matisse of 1905- I 9 I 6 by diminishing the
Ni~ois Matisse of 1917- I 925 nor vice versa.

362. Anazawa, Kazuo. "Matisse." In Matisse. Tokyo: The National

Museum of Modern Art, 1981. In J apanese. Exhibition
catalogue.
Author recalls his first impressions of the 195 I M atisse
Retrospective in Tokyo and traces the development of
Matisse's art with emphasis on those "enlightenments which
came [to Matisse 1 from the East." The essay also stresses the
relation ofMatisse's art to nature and the necessary subtlety of
fonnal and affective relationships in true works of art. Text in
Japanese.

133
134 GENERAL ARllCLES

363. Aragon, Louis. "Matisse-en-France." In Henri Matisse

dessins: Themes et variations, preeMes de "Matisse-en-Franee. "
Paris: M. Fabiani, 1943. Limited edition, 950 copies in
portfolio.
Aragon's intimate and leisurely text "Matisse-en-France" is a
kind of elegant apology for Matisse--the laUer remote, non-
political, producing works of a hedonistic esthetic--during the
German occupation. Aragon presents Matisse as a timeless
French national treasure who maintains a standard of lucidity
and excellence that will endure beyond the present dark
moment in history. A necessarily guarded or "coded" text,
considering the date of its publication. The essay introduces a
large, luxury edition of Matisse's "Themes and Variations"
drawings of 1941-43, no. 222.

364. Aragon, Louis. "Henri Matisse or the French Painter." In

Henri Matisse Retrospeetive. Philadelphia: Philadelphia
Museum of Art, 1948. Reprinted in French as "Matisse ou la
peintre fran\(aise." Arts de Franee 23-24 (1949): 11-24, and
Jardin des arts 106 (September 1963).
A delicate account of Aragon's youthful delight (1919) in the
"strangeness" of Matisse's art which has given way to delight
in Matisse's Frenchness--his intellectual freshness and sensory
joyousness. According to Aragon, Matisse has found a "new
way of imitating nature" and, by not servilely copying it, he
is allied to all young revolutionaries, political and artistic.
With them, he inflames the popular desire for happiness and,
hence, for social change.

365. Aragon, Louis. "Au Jardin de Matisse." In Henri Matisse,

ehapelle, peintures, dessins, seulptures. Paris: Maison de la
pensee fran\(aise, 1950. Exhibition catalogue.
A homage to Matisse that lauds his career for its lesson in
rupture and its reinvention of the epoch's idea of happiness.
An extended garden metaphor is utilized to suggest a
materialist utopian promise for the future, social as weil as
esthetic.
GENERAL ARTICI.ES 135

366. Aragon, Louis. "Le Deuxieme siecle de Matisse commence."

Les Lettresjranraises 1330, 15-21 (April 1970): 3-9,25-30.
Complete issue devoted almost totally to the publishing of
three chapters of Aragon's soon-to-appear monograph on
Matisse. The chapters of previously unpublished material are:
"Priere d'inserer," "Les Signes," and "Un Personnage nomme
la douleur." Profusely illustrated with Matisse's graphics.

367. Arnold, Matthias. "Das Frühwerk von Henri Matisse, Ein

Beitrag zu Postimpressionismus und Fauvismus. " Weltkunst
50, 22, Part I: Chronologie (November 15, 1980): 3358-61;
Part 11: Ikonographie und Stil (December 1, 1980): 3530-33.
This two-part article argues that the work of Matisse from
1890 to 1903, unfairly neglected in the literature, has not only
extraordinary value in itself but demonstrates that Matisse
came to his Fauve style (from Cezanne and Van Gogh
primarily) earlier than the other "Fauves," thus earning hirn
the right to be considered the true originator of the style.
Author establishes a chronological list of the some 250 works
from this period. Minor factual errors and an overstatement of
the neglect of the period do not weaken the major argument
which is forcefully made.

368. Arnold, Matthias. "Künstler sammeln Kunst." Kunst &

Antiquitäten 2 (1988): 98-105.
The second half of a two-part article focuses on Picasso's art
collection; his works by Matisse are given somewhat extended
treatment.

369. Ashton, Dore. "Matisse and Symbolism." Arts Mag. 49 (May

1975): 70-71.
A summary review of the symbolist aspects of Matisse's art,
particularly his affinities to Mallarme. Richly allusive in a
very restricted length.

370. Asplund, K. "Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art 6,5-6 (1931):

298-300.
136 GENERAL ARTICLES

The Swedish critic acknowledges the influence Matisse has had

in Nordic countries and especially his own. Reflecting on the
1924 Stockholm exhibit and the current retrospective at
Bernheim Jeune, the author argues that Matisse's recent work
has maintained the essential characteristics of the
"expressionist" and "abstract ion ist" work of the earlier years,
namely, the artist's profound sense of intimate solidarity with
the earth, his love for the opulence of his matiere, and for a
complex play of colors. He notes Matisse's personality as
complex, refined, and "even disconcerting."

371. Aubrey, P. "Goi berg et Matisse." Gaz. beaux-arts 6, 66

(December 1965): 339-44.
The author disclisses Andre Rouveyre's claim that Matisse's
"Notes of a Painter" was written by or in close collaboration
with Mecislas Golberg, the author of La Morale des Lignes
(1905). Aubrey gives a summary of the career of Golberg--
anarchist, critic, sociologist, playwright, friend of ApoIIinaire
and Andre Salmon--who died in 1907. He then outlines the
ideas common to both texts, but finally finds them too
different in overall content and style for the similarities to be
the resuIt of anything more than common sources or informal
discussions between the authors.

372. Barnes, Albert C. "Matisse." In The Art in Painting, 380-85,

535-37. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1925, 1928.
A wholly formal analysis of Matisse's break with
impressionism by way of Gauguin and, principally, by the
continuation of Cezanne's mode of composition through
plastic distortion. Matisse's goal is less Cezanne's solidly
massed spatial relations, however, than the enhancement of
color relations for their own sake. Matisse's line, "without
psychological expressiveness," is praised for giving "plastic
value to what is contained between the contours of figures and
objects." Non-western (Hindu and Persian) influences are noted
as weil as that of Cubism. Matisse is not classed among the
greatest painters of the past, but is the most important painter
of the present age because of the personal distinctiveness of his
GENERAL ARTICLES 137

use of all the plastic means, above all, color. Two paintings
are given close analysis: Joy of Life (1906) and The Music
Lesson (1917).
373. Barotte, Rene. "Henri Matisse, le peintre de bonheur." Jardin
des arts 2 (December 1954): 109-115.
An admiring reminiscence on the occasion of Matisse' s death,
spiced with amusing anecdotes that the artist hirnself told the
author.

374. Barr, Alfred H., Jr. "Matisse, Picasso, and the Crisis of
1907." Mag. of Art 44 (May 1951): 161-170.
Distillation of two chapters of Barr's monograph, Matisse, His
Art and His Public, published later the same year. Bonheur de
Vivre and Demoiselles d'A vignon are contrasted as aspects of
the style and personality of the two friendly rivals who were
both drawing on aspects of Cezanne.

375. Basler, Adolphe. "Die junge französische Malerei." Cicerone

12,20 (October 1920): 748-52.
Basler reviews the exhibitions, Jeune peinture franraise,
Cubist painters at the Leonce Rosenberg gallery, and Gimmi
and Coubine at Berthe Weill. He raises the question whether
Matisse still leads the young or whether, like Vuillard and
Bonnard, he is simply a Post-Impressionist. Basler discusses
Andre Lhote's recent article on Matisse in the Nouvelle revue
franrais, but decides that Matisse's decorative contribution to
easel painting puts hirn more in touch with his epoch than the
innovations of Cubism.

376. Basler, Adolphe. "Henri Matisse." Cicerone 13, I (January

1921): 16-20. Reprinted in Jahrbuch der jungen Kunst 2
(1921): 16-20.
Basler distinguishes Matisse' s use of Cezanne as a model from
the generation be fore hirn, Bonnard, Vuillard, and Roussel.
The latter took from hirn, as from Gauguin, only surface
patterns and the sparkle of Cezanne' spalette. Matisse drew
from hirn an understanding of pictorial structure, of the power
138 GENERAL ARllCLES

of simplified color, and of use of the whole field--both objects

and voids. Matisse creates a symbolic art, an art where every
part has a function in the whole. Author comments on the
variety ofMatisse's non-Western and non-modern sources and
criticizes his too-great facility in bringing decorative forms
into easel painting.

377. Basler, Adolphe. "Henri Matisse." Cicerone 16, 21

(November 1924): 1001-1009. (Reprinted with slight revision
in Kunstler, Charles, and Adolphe Basler. La Peinture
independante en France, vol. 2., 1929. Essentially the same
text in Adolphe Basler. Henri Matisse, Leipzig: Klinkhardt &
Biermann, 1924, no. 54. Also published in French under the
name Philippe Marcel in l'Artd'aujourd'hui (Summer, 1924):
33-47), no. 622. Flam, no. 88, 219-22.
Basler credits Matisse with broadening the influence of Renoir
and Cezanne, with being the true interpreter of the latter's art.
The Fauves as weIl, under Matisse, extended the lesson of
Gauguin in appreciating qualities of primitive, archaic, Gothic,
and non-Western art. Basler also insists on the symbolist
heritage of both Fauvism and Cubism and echoes Denis in
denouncing an abuse of abstraction which in 1921, happily,
Matisse has abandoned for a more naturalistic vision. This
vision, unfortunately, results in works of taste and charm, but
not greatness.

378. Basler, Adolphe. "Völkerbund der Malerei." Kunst u. Künstler

27,4 (January 1929): 149-154.
Two rather predicatable paragraphs on Matisse (whose prestige
is marked nevertheless by commanding four of the five
accompanying illustrations) within an article more generally
on Paris as an artistic League of Nations, exemplified by
Pascin, Modigliani, and Chagall as weIl as Bonnard and
Vuillard.

379. Baynes, Ken. "Art and Industry," Architectural Rev. 140

(November 1966): 357-360.
GENERAL ARTICLES 139

An article that explores the relation between industry,

engineering, and mass production on artistic practice, with
special attention to the work of David Smith. Smith's self-
identifying work ethic and virtuosity with materials is, in the
final paragraphs, contrasted with Matisse's praise of the
"quality of feeling" inspired by nature. The author values the
virtuosity that follows inevitably from honest work, as
exemplified by Smith. The exhibition of Matisse's Parakeet
and Mermaid (1952) at the Tate Gallery and Smith's one-man
show there are the occasion of the essay.

380. Bazaine, Jean. "Cl arte de Matisse." Derriere le miroir 46-47

(May 1952), np.
A large-format folio of quality reproductions of Matisse
drawings is accompanied by a mature artist' s moving and
highly refined text on the clarity of Matisse's fervor, his
constructive force, his dominated passion, his lucid and hard-
won simplicity. The author sees this as the summit of
French force and strength--whose "violent and secret root" is
merely masked as measure and limpidity. Were not Matisse an
obsessional and profound artist, Bazaine claims. he could not
have invented those "profoundly tragic signs," The Stations of
the Cross, on the walls of the Chapel at Vence. An extremely
moving and intelligent text, beautifully shaped.

381. Bell, Clive. "Matisse and Picasso: the Two Apparent Heirs to
Cezanne." Athenaeum 4698 (May 14, 1920): 643-44.
Reprinted also in Arts and Decoration (November 1920) and,
slightly revised, in Since Cezanne. London: Chatto and
Windus, 1922, 83-90. Flam, no. 88, 194-95.
Matisse and Picasso. the primary heirs of Cezanne, are
contrasted: Matisse, master of sensibility, a pure artist, the
finer painter, but not the head of a school; Picasso, more
intellectual, inventive, the richer artist, though occasionally
sentimental. Though neither artist comments on life, Picasso
manages to comment on art, hence, he is aleader and master of
the modern movement.
140 GENERAL ARTICLES

382. Bell, Clive. "Matisse and Picasso." Europa (May-June,

1933). Flam, no. 88, 294-95.
Matisse renders naturally the joy of seeing and feeling, while
Picasso renders the beautiful and marvelous or vicious with
machine-Iike precision and hyper-consciousness. Picasso's
disgust or despair, willfully cynical, Bell describes as
sentimental. Matisse' s paintings interest painters; Picasso' s
reflect the age's interest in popular art, the accidental,
industrial scraps, but utilized symbolically.

383. Bell, Clive, "Henri Matisse." Apollo 60 (December 1954):

151-56.
Summation, after Matisse's death, of the artist's early "Fauve"
contribution to modernism, namely, the subordination of
representation and intimate association to the creation of
"something moving and beautiful in itself." Author claims
that Matisse later developed a system of "equations" or
equilibriums of elements that amounted to abstraction.

384. Bell, Quentin. "Meeting Matisse," The Yale Review 76

(Spring 1987): 295-99.
A light reminiscence of the author's youth when he was
astonished to find, upon meeting Matisse at the horne of
Simon Bussy during the summer of 1934, that Matisse
appeared to be an "amiable philistine," whom the Bussy
family believed to be "the greatest Iiving painter, the greatest
living egotist, and the greatest living bore." An unflattering
portrait of the "social" Matisse.

385. Bendiner, Kenneth. "The Chairs of Matisse." Gaz. beaux-arts

106 (November 1985): 179-88.
Examines Matisse's representations of chairs for insights into
the artist's ideas. The chair is often a signal of the viewer's
meditative position, of the esthetics of participation by seeing.
Author offers a subtIe reading of paintings where the chair
surrogates an absent human presence or where it indicates a
state, a civilization, or a social milieu.
GENERAL ARTICLES 141

386. Bendiner, Kenneth. "Matisse and Surrealism." Pantheon

(1992): 134-42.
The author argues that the qualitative differences--thematic and
stylistic--in the work of the last fourteen years of Matisse's
life were significantly influenced by Surrealism. Like the
Abstract Expessionists during the same period (1940-1954),
Matisse took up aspects of surrealist theory and form and
shaped them to his own esthetic and personal ends, effectively
infusing fresh vigor into a waning movement. Bendiner traces
Matisse's surrealist contacts (Aragon, Breton, Masson, and
Miro), his use of Freudian terminology, and his evident
knowledge of surrealist attitudes and finally analyzes Jazz as
an essentially surrealist book.

387. Benjamin, Roger. "Recovering Authors: The Modern Copy,

Copy Exhibitions, and Matisse." Art History 12, 2 (lune
1989): 176-201.
Important discussion (from original research) on the changing
role of the copy in French art from 1890-1916, its function in
establishing canons of masters and of master works, its
commerical manipulation, and its paradoxical role in
constructing the copyist as an original author. A fundamental
articJe that builds on the work of Richard Shiff, linking
modernist and postmodernist discourses on reproducibility and
originality.

388. Benjamin, Roger. "Matisse in Morocco: A Colonizing

Esthetic?" Art in America 78, 11 (November 1990): 156-165,
211,213.
A subtle and balanced review of the Matisse in Morocco
exhibition and catalogue (1990), no. 70. Author analyzes and
evaluates the relation between the political and cuItural
implications of the artist' s visit to Tangiers just after French
military action there and Matisse's treatment of "orientalist"
themes in a modernist (i.e., painterly and abstracting) esthetic.
The author suggests that the utopian thematics and modernist
style occasioned by his North African subjects cannot detach
Matisse's work from French colonial history and its other
142 GENERAL ARllCLES

attendant cultural manifestations in ethonography, literature,

painting and photograpy. An indispensable article on this
topic.

389. Benjamin, Roger. "Orientalist Excursions. Matisse in North

Africa." In Henri Matisse, 71-83. Brisbane: Queensland Art
Gallery and Art Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition
catalogue.

Benjamin argues that Matisse's painting trips to Biskra (1906)

and Tangier (1912 and 1913) are inextricably involved in the
French government's colonisation of these areas, with all the
coloniser's arrogance and erasure of the actuality of the
indigenous peoples and their cultures. Thoroughly disrupted
and spoiled by the colonial structures and industrialization
imposed on these areas, North African culture was valued for
its picturesque aspects, exploited for tourism. Benjamin
analyses the work Matisse produced at these sites to
demonstrate that Matisse did not transcend the "cultural
tourism" of his times and its myths of exoticism.

390. Benjamin, Roger. "The Vital Sign, an Overview of Matisse's

Painting." In Henri Matisse. 19-39. Brisbane: Queensland
Art Gallery and Art Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition
catalogue.
A historical review of Matisse's career as a painter, divided
into the eight chronological segments into which the
Australian retrospective exhibition is itself organized.
Benjamin, along with Caroline Turner, organized the show and
guides the reader through its rationale and sequencing, in this
general introductory essay.

391. Berenson, Bernard. "De Gustibus [letter to the editor]," Nation

87, 2263 (November 12, 1908): 461. Reprinted in Alfred H.
Barr. Matisse, His Art and His Public, 114. New York, 1951,
no.53.
A response to a comment on Matisse by the Nation's own
reviewer of the 1908 Autumn Salon. Berenson objects to the
GENERAL ARTICLES 143

assumptions of the review and praises Matisse as one finding

hirnself within tradition rather than seeking to be new for the
sake of newness.

392. Berenson, Bernard. "Incontri con Matisse." La Biennale di

Venezia 26 (December 1955): 9-10. Translated as
"Encounters with Matisse" in Essays in Appreciation.
London: Chapman and Hall, 1958.
A tart reminiscence of Matisse by Berenson, wherein two
sovereign egos fail to engage sympathetically.

393. Berger, Klaus. "Henri Matisse" in Japonisme in Western

Painting from Whistler to Matisse. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1992. Translated by David Britt from the
German, Japonismus in der Westlichen Malerei, 1860-1920.
Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1980.
Abrief but highly discerning discussion of Matisse's debt to
Japanese prints. The author faults Barr for neglecting this
influence and praises Albert Barnes for his discussion of the
matter by reproducing in an appendix the section "Matisse and
the Japanese Tradition," from Barnes and de Mazia, The Art of
Henri Matisse, 1933 no. 50.

394. Berger, John. "Henri Matisse, 1869-1954" [Obit]. New

Statesman (November 13, 1954).
Some perceptive remarks on Matisse's achievements in color
and a defense of the goal of pleasure or contentment for art by
a prominent critic of the left.

395. Besson, Georges. "Arrivee de Matisse a Nice." Le Point 4,

21 (1939): 39-44. Flam, no. 88, 167-68.
A reminiscence of Matisse's early life in Nice, filled with
specific dates and details. Indispensable account of Matisse' s
visits to the elderly Renoir, facilitated by Besson.

396. Bettini, Sergio. "11 Colore di Matisse." La Biennale di

Venezia 26 (December 1955): 19-24.
144 GENERAL ARllCLES

Attempts a loose "structural linguistics" approach to Matisse's

use of color which amounts to the reiteration of the claim that
Matisse's color is totally relational, deriving its effectiveness
from the improvised coordination of tone, scale, and placement
of color-areas.

397. Blunt, Anthony. "Matisse's Life and Work." Burlington

Mag. 95 (December 1953): 399-400.
Review of Barr's Matisse, His Art and His Public that is
largely admiring but which faults Barr for neither always
giving the reasons for his dating nor indicating when some
dates are doubtful. A close and critical reading of Barr' s study
by a distinguished art historian.

398. Board, Marilyn Lincoln. "Constructing Myths and Ideologies

in Matisse's Odalisques." Genders 5 (Summer 1989): 21-49.
Critical feminist analysis of the Odalisques of the 1920's and
1930's which sees them as symptoms of the pervasive
patriarchal dominance, colonialist imperialism, and
psychosexual fantasies of French culture of the period.
Drawing on the writings of Said, Derrida, Eagleton, Jameson,
and Ortner, the author suggests that the necessity for
constructing an inferior Other (who also is a projection of the
lacking Self) seems to have diminished in Matisse's later life
and work, as his cut-paper works manifest a dissolution of
binary oppositions into a more integrated totality of
experience.

399. Bock, Catherine C. "A Question of Quality: a Note on

Matisse's 'Dark Years.'" Gaz. beaux-arts 6,103 (April 1984):
169-74.
The author argues that the years 1901-1904, sometimes seen
as a slightly regressive, anti-colorist period in the artist's early
development, were progressive on es in which Matisse
assimilated the discoveries of his first colorist period (1897-
1900) and established hirnself within a well-understood post-
impressionist tradition. The quality of these works earned for
hirn the solid reputation among more advanced critics that
GENERAL ARTICLES 145

pennitted the latter to deal with his "fauve" innovations with

respect and open-mindedness.

400. Bock, Catherine C. "Henri Matisse Self-Portraits:

Presentation and Representation." Psychoanalytic Perspectives
on Art, 239-65. Vol. 3, edited by Mary Matthews Gedo.
Hillsdale, N. J. and London: The Analytic Press, 1988.
Bock discusses as self-portraits two types of Matisse
likenesses--I) his hand-drawn or painted self-portraits and 2)
published photographs of the artist by various photographers.
The former are seen as vrai portraits (psychologically
penetrating, private) and the latter as beau portraits
(rhetorically persuasive, public). Bock demonstrates that the
two types of images were consciously circulated (or withheld)
by Matisse to control his public image as a certain kind of
artist: sedate and rational in his person, risk-taking and
innovative in his work. Textually, Matisse's interviews
functioned as similar "public" portraits, that gave carefully
staged access to the "private" man.

401. Bois, Yve-Alain. "Legendes de Matisse." Critique 324 (May

1974): 434-66.
Bois explores the "coherence of the 'contradictions'" to be
found in Matisse's statements gathered in Fourcade's Ecrit et
propos sur l'Art (1972). He discusses the tensions between
originality and the effect of influences. between the creation of
"signs" and the mimetic response to "nature." between
autonomy and instinct and observing laws and reason. between
the continuity of the artist's project and its discontinuity or
ruptures. Matisse's text is seen through the perceptive lens of
semiotic discourse and, under the headings Dedale, Limite,
Window, Sol/v(i)ol, Structure, Reserve, Retour, Volumen/
Table, and Ecriture, Bois opens a rich discussion on painting
as language and as silence, as fluid or fixed (transparent) sign,
and on the "doubleness" of Matisse's assertions about his art.
This early artic1e touches on the themes elaborated in all of
Bois' later writings on Matisse.
146 GENERAL ARTICLES

402. Bois, Yve-Alain, "Matisse and 'Arche-drawing. '" In Painting

as Model, 3-64. Cambridge, London: MIT Press, 1990.
Bois develops the notion of "arche-drawing" (in Derrida' s sense
of "arche-writing" as that which precedes the hierarchization of
speech and writing) as a proportional, relation al division of the
plane surface in Matisse's work that governs both painting
(color) and drawing (line). Matisse disco vers this essential
pictorial procedure around 1906, when he becomes aware that
relationships are all and that quantitative relations of color
produce their quality. Bois explores four related consequences
of this primary insight: 1) composition is concei ved and
realized as a whole and initiates the all-over principle of
surface; 2) the division of the surface is absolutely related to
its framing edges; 3) division of surface is the key to internal
scale and hence to space; and 4) saturation and value in color
result from the proportional modulation of colored surfaces
and, in drawing, color and light-emitting qualities are
modulated in the untouched areas of paper created by the
placement of line. Bois's very dense and passionately argued
study is based on a cIose textual reading of Matisse' s
"Modernism and Tradition" (1935) and confirmed in his
"Testimonial" of 1951. The author also closely traces the
historical development of Matisse in the first decade of the
century, when what he terms "Matisse's System" was
established.

403. Bois, Yve-Alain. "On Matisse: the Blinding." Oetober 68

(Spring 1994): 61-121. First published in Fr. in Henri
Matisse, 1905-1917. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993.
Exhibition catalogue.
Bois investigates, in this very rich and suggestive study, two
aspects of Matisse's composition: its effect on the viewer's act
of perception and the implications of the notion of blindness
that the act of viewing entails. The author argues that
Matisse's compositions have analogies with the effects of
seeing a stone dropped in the water (expansion), of a freely
flowing circulatory system (circulation), and of a rhythmic
pulsation or inflation by respiration (tension). These analogies
GENERAL ARTICLES 147

are about a discharge or release of tension that the artist

transfers to the finished work. This compositional and colorist
mode has for the viewer the force of a "big bang," with
hypnotizing silence when particles of color like fireworks
spread from the center of impact--explosively fast initially,
then slowly spreading out from the center. Matisse's expansive
space is cosmic, taking in things not seen, behind, near and
far, sounds, odors, in a polysensorial way. This manner of
viewing entails not centering the gaze, of "blinding" the
viewer's absorbed, focused attention in order to achieve a
distracted, peripheral, and diffused attention to work that is
surface oriented and architectural.

404. Bonmariage, Sylvain. "Henri Matisse et la Peinture Pure."

Cahiers d'art 1,9 (1926): 239-40+.
An elegant review of Paul Guillaume's 1926 exhibition of just
two Matisse's, Piano Lesson (1916) and Bathers by the River
(1916), in the midst of the early Nice period. The author
recalls aremark made by Matisse about "pure technique" in
1909 before a cubist painting by Picasso, predicting that all
advanced painters were moving in that direction. In these 1916
works, Bonmariage concIudes, Matisse had arrived there--at the
austerity, reductionism, and simplicity that Mallarme had
achieved in poetry; difficult, intellectual, but with the richness
of a good burgundy wine, not a dry champagne. A recently
published version of Georges Duthuit's opening-reception talk
suggests that a third canvas, Li/ac Branch, was also on display;
see no. 77.

405. Bouvier, Marguette. "Henri Matisse chez lui." Labyrinthe 1

(October 5, 1944): 1-3.
A look over Matisse's shoulder as he gives drawing "lessons"
to a young artist who "fell from the skies." The maitre's
remarks are significant to his own practice: exaggerate the
essential forms, he advises his pupil, study the negative spaces
(" /es vides"), and position curves in relation to an understood
vertical-horizontal structure.
148 GENERAL ARTICLES

406. Brandi, Cesare. "Matisse nel nostro tempo." La Biennale di

Venezia 26 (December 1955): 25-27.
Traces Matisse's major contribution to the art "of our times,"
that is, the reduction of Matisse's color, line, and form in order
to render it functional rather than merely descriptive; in this,
while building on Post-Impressionism, he remains under the
rubric of the truly revolutionary.

407. Branzi, Silvio. "Gli inizi di Matisse." La Biennale di Venezia

26 (December 1955): 14-18.
A retelling of Matisse's early years until 1904; no new
research.

408. Brassal, Gyula H. "Conversation with Marguerite Duthuit-

Matisse." In Picasso and Company, 251-57, and passim.
New York: Doubleday, 1967. Translated by Francis Price from
the French, Picasso & Cie. Paris: 1967.
An interview with Matisse's daughter in 1960 that is full of
interesting memories and anecdotes is contained in a book
mainly on Picasso. The Spanish painter and his friends, e.g.
Kahnweiler, have fascinating asides to make on Matisse
throughout the text.

409. Brassal, Gyula H. "Henri Matisse." In The Artists 0/ My

Life, 124-139. Translated by Richard Miller from the French,
Les Artistes de ma vie (Paris: 1982). London: Thames and
Hudson; New York: Studio, Viking, 1982.
Valuable reminiscences ofMatisse in Nice around 1931 by the
photographer who was again "summoned" by the painter for a
series of photographs just before the war, in 1939, in Paris,
and in 1946 in Vence. These photographs interleave several
pages of astute observations and recalled conversations.

410. Brezianu, Barbu, "Matisse et Pallady, leur amitie et leurs

relations artistiques." In Actes du XXe Congres International
d'histoire de l'art (1969), 431-48. Vol. 11. Budapest, 1972.
Letters also published in Secolul 20, 6 (1965) in Romanian.
GENERAL ARTICLES 149

Essay on the long and intimate relationship between Matisse

and Theodore Pallady, the Romanian artist who had studied
alongside Matisse in the early years of the century. The essay
is followed by fragments of the Matisse-Pallady
correspondance, some two dozen letters. Although most are
from Pallady to Matisse, an important letter from Matisse
(December 7, 1940) describing his works in progress, is given
in full.

411. Bryson, Norman. "Signs of the Good Life." Times Lit. Supp.
(March 27, 1987): 328.
A book review of Jack Flam's Matisse: the Man and His Art,
/869-1918 that asserts Matisse's work as "deposed and minor"
because it is finally simply too decorative and hedonistic to
qualify as significantly contributing to the twentieth-century
avant-garde. Bryson rehearses the traditional reasons for his
judgment, citing T. J. Clark's recent The Painting of Modern
Life to support the condemnation of subjects of leisure and
pleasure as escapist. The author confesses to being intrigued
by Flam's alleged thesis that Matisse's use of color, pattern,
and reduced forms is in the service of intentionality and
feeling. But the artist's preference for unity, calm, and delight
ends, for Bryson, in work that is "becalmed and enchanted,"
slightly "bovine." Finally, Matisse does not show us the
modern world--broken, fragmented, conflicted, and dissonant--
through a modern consciousness, as Cubism does; hence,
Bryson continues to find Matisse's work fundamentally
deficient and marginal.

412. Buchanan, Donald W. "Interview in Montparnasse." Canadian

Art 8, 2 (Christmas 1950-51): 61-65.
The author, who had interviewed Matisse fifteen years earlier
when researching a book on James Wilson Morrice, is received
by Matisse at his apartment on the Blvd. Montparnasse.
Having seen the chapel recently, as well as the large exhibition
at the Maison de Ia Pensee Fran~aise, Buchanan examines
work for the still-in-progress chapel and discusses with
150 GENERAL ARTICLES

Matisse in particular the base of the roof spire which the artist
intends to enlarge.

413. Buettner, Stephen. "The 'Mirrored Interiors' ofHenri Matisse."

Apollo 117 (February 1983): 126-29.
Buettner traces the motif of mirrored interiors, often the artist's
studio, from seventeenth century Dutch usage to its revival in
the nineteenth century by Ingres, Manet, and Degas. Matisse's
use of the ensemble of mirror, window, and door motifs is
examined in aseries of the artist's works from 1896 to 1928.
Matisse's themes are explicated by way of traditional meanings
as weIl as from his specific usages of them in particular
paintings.

414. Burger, Fritz, "Probleme der Mystik in der Kunst von

Matisse." In Cezanne und Hodler. Monaco, 1913; Munich:
Delphin-Verlag, 1923.
Matisse is included with Hodler, Kandinsky, and others who
seek the infinite, or formless, by means of figuring endless
space. In works like Matisse's Music. for example, the
undifferentiated background bespeaks a concern for infinite
space, a site that is not confined by conventional dimensions.

415. Burgess, Gelett. "The Wild Men of Paris." Architectural

Record 27,5 (May 1910): 400-414. Flam, no. 88, 119-20.
Probably written in November or December 1908, while
Burgess was visiting the studios of young avant-garde painters,
incIuding Picasso, Braque, Derain, Friesz, and Herbin, among
others. Burgess emphasizes Matisse's serious character as an
experimenter seeking expression, someone whose innovations
have inspired madcap variations and misreadings by his
"disciples" (all the other artists visited). Matisse, the older
master, retains a vitality and originality his epigones might
envy. Burgess, whose French was rudimentary, seems to
misquote or misunderstand Matisse in a number of instances.

416. Bussy, lane Simone. "A Great Man." Burlington Mag. 128,
995 (February 1986): 80-85. Flam, no. 88, 320-24.
GENERAL ARTICLES 151

An irreverent memoir on Matisse, originally delivered to the

Bloomsbury "Memoir Club" in 1947 by the daughter of
Matisse's painter friend Simon Bussy and his novelist wife,
Dorothy Strachey. Insightful and rather malicious, the
author's childhood memories encompass the 1930s, aperiod
personally and professionally eventful, even stressful, for
Matisse. Bussy's tart portrait of the mature artist is one of the
most intimate that we have of the artist, free as it is of either
idolatry or promotion, of indebtedness or self-interest.

417. Cabanne, Pierre. "Mourlot." Connaissance arts 278 (April

1975): 49-55.
An account of the printers, Mourlot freres, used by Picasso,
Braque, Matisse, and others, richly illustrated with examples of
their work; telling anecdote on Matisse's manner of working
with the craftsman.

418. Cahiers d'art 6,5-6. Special issue, 1931; English ed. New
York: E. Weyhe, with additional plates. Articles by Karel
Asplund, Roger Fry, Paul Fierens, Curt Glaser, Will
Grohmann, Pierre Gueguen, Henry McBride, Georges Salles,
and Christian Zervos are listed individually by author's name.

419. Cantu, Arnaldo. "Henri Matisse." Critica d'arte 51, 8

(January-March 1986): 65-74.
Reprint of a 1913 review article on Matisse on the occasion of
the first Roman "Secession" exhibition, by Arnaldo Cantu
(1885-1915), an early twentieth-century Italian critic. It
appeared originally in Vita d'arte, 1913. Afterword by c.L.
Ragghianti, who gives the context for the original and
information on Cantu.

420. Carco, Francis. "Les Fauves.--M. Henri Matisse.--Importance

de la figure nue dans son oeuvre." In Le Nu dans La peinture
moderne, 64-68. Paris: Editions Cres, 1924. Text written in
1921.
Author claims Matisse owes the very unity of his work to the
genre of the studio nude. His work's unity is not to be found
152 GENERAL ARTICLES

in his temperament, which is restless and changeable, but in

his flexibility, his mastery of drawing, and his color sense.
Carco discusses Blue Nude, Italian Girl, The Coiffure, Music,
and Torso 0/ a Young Girl of 1918. A Seated Odalisque of
1923 is illustrated.

421. Carco, Francis. "Conversation avec Matisse." In L'Ami des

peintres, 219-38. Paris: NRF, Gallimard, 1953. Originally
published in Die Kunst-Zeitung [Zürich], 8 (August 1943).
Flam, no. 28, 132-41.
This interview, supposedly given in 1941 although there is no
mention of Matisse's near-fatal operation of the previous year,
is precious testimony of Matisse's state of mind and
production during the occupation years. It is full of anecdotes
of his early days but accompanied by serious reflections on his
current work

422. Carrier, David. "Matisse: The End of Classical Art History

and the Fictions of Early Modernism." In Principles 0/ Art
History Writing, 219-36. University Park, Penn.:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.
Carrier, in the overall context of the thesis of his book
Principles 0/ Art History Writing, wh ich is an emplotment of
the implicit rules governing art history writing, takes up
Matisse's practice of portraying, in one image, the triad of
artist-image-model. (See, especially, Matisse's line drawings
of 1936.) Carrier claims that in these works the presentness,
the ongoingness, of the act of making the image, which leaves
no room for the spectator, correlates with postmodern art
historians' critical awareness of the relative, fictional, and self-
authorial nature of their art historical interpretations. The
author discusses Matisse's self-conscious images in relation to
Lacan's and Foucault's theories, insofar as critical self-
awareness of the fictitiousness of the plane of representation is
an element common to them as post-humanist thinkers.
GENERAL ARTICLES 153

423. Carter, Malcolm N. "What do Museum Directors and Curators

Go To See in New York?" Art News 75, 9 (November
1976): 79-82.
Among the favorites are Rembrandt's Self Portrait (Frick
Collection) and Matisse's Piano Lesson (Museum of Modern
Art).

424. Cassou, Jean. "La Pensee de Matisse." In Exhibition of

Paintings by Picasso and Matisse. London: Victoria and
Albert Museum, 1945. Exhibition catalogue. Reprinted in
French in Art present 2 (1947): 30-34.
Cassou, praising Matisse's active "French" intellect, notes his
recent development of symbols or signs--"plastic, elliptic,
synthetic and well-balanced"--a deliberate simplification that,
neither abstract or schematic, loses nothing of sensuality or
intensity. He works in the tradition of Mallarme who
transforms the exterior world into images, arrangements,
signs, and equivalences.

425. Cassou, Jean. "La Methode de Matisse." In Melanges offerts a

Etienne Souriau. 39-47. Paris: Nizet, 1952.
Drawing on Quatremere de Quincy's rhetorical figures--
hyperbole, ellipsis, metaphor, equivalents, and syncope--by
which he characterizes the cIassical, idealist artist, Cassou
applies them to Matisse. They constitute his intellectual
"method" for generalizing and epitomizing forms derived from
nature but become totally the fruit of his mental processes.
Essentially a designer, in the broadest sense, he also designs
(emplots) his colors so that, with drawing, they assume the
force of volume and expression. The articIe seems directed
against expressionist abstraction, as it places Matisse' s
distortions under the intellectual device of hyperbole and denies
that his perceptions or forms are "bathed in" any cosmic or
inchoate field of elementary chaos. A very penetrating
discussion of Matisse's intellectual working-process, marred
only at the end by reference to an essentialized "Eternal
Feminine" and an archetypal "Painter."
154 GENERAL ARTICLES

426. Cassou, Jean. "Henri Matisse." In Rttrospective Henri

Matisse. Paris: Musee National d' Art Moderne, 1956.
Exhibition catalogue.
Cassou presents Matisse as an intellectual, a Cartesian, whose
mental self-awareness precedes and informs every act of
artmaking. Like a philosopher he proceeds by purgation,
reduction, simplification but is able to bring forth from this
process plenitude, totality, and joy. In this important essay
from the first French retrospective after the artist's death,
Cassou identifies Matisse' s oeuvre as one of light and
enlightenment, the honor of French genius.

427. Cassou, Jean. "Le Peintre de la justesse." In XXe Siede.

Hommage a Henri Matisse, 6-8. Paris: Cahiers d'art, 1979.
Using four works: Nature Morte sur table de marbre' (La
diapason) (1941), Le Peintre et son modele (1916), Poissons
rouge (1911), and the drawings of Maria A\caforado (1946),
Cassou illustrates that Matisse embodies a single idea in each
of these works--harmony, distance, transparency, countenance--
performing an intellectual work of making distinctions, of
distillation. Once become precise and single, the idea is made
to expand or reverberate throughout the whole work like an
errant reverie. This is, according to Cassou, Matisse's two-
step process of intellection while creating a work or art.

428. Cauman, John. "Henri Matisse's Letters to Walter Pach."

Archives 0/ American Art Journal 31,3 (1991): 2-14.
A commentary on the twelve-year correspondence between
Matisse and the American painter-art writer Walter Pach, with
the eight letters from Matisse fully cited in translation. The
two met in Italy in 1907 through Gertrude and Leo Stein; their
correspondence began in 1912 in connection with the Armory
Show (for which Pach was adminstrator, publicist, and
lecturer), continued during World War I, when Pach acted as a
promoter of Matisse's work and as a go-between in dealing
pictures, but faded after 1924. The relationship with Pach is
instructive for personal insights on the artist and for the spread
of Matisse's reputation in the U. S. from 1912-24.
GENERAL ARTICLES 155

429. Charlot, Jean. "Pinning Butterflies." Creative Arts 12, 5

(May 1933): 354-59.
An extended review of Albert Barnes's book, The Art 0/
Matisse, critical of the book's methodology, its "scientific"
approach. The concentration on purely physical, formal
aspects of the paintings unduly slights the content and the
spiritual impact of the work on the viewer. The emphasis on
"sources," Charlot maintains, neglects Matisse's relation to
nature and direct observation of the motif; Bames emphasis on
Matisse's "flat" colors underestimates the painter's ability to
create plastic space, not just a two-dimensional surface.

430. Charensol, Georges. "Le Salon des Tuileries." Amour de I'art

6 (June 1926): 204-12.
Exhibition review that features a reproduction of Matisse's
Decorative Nude on an Ornamental Ground (1925-6), noting
that it is one of the two works at the Salon that will be
considered eminent in the oeuvres of their makers (the other
being Chagall's Double Portrait with Wineglass of 1917-18).
Charensol notes that this work marks Matisse's "launching
himself once more in new adventures."

431. Chastel, Andre. "Le visible et l'occulte, Matisse et Klee."

Medecin de France 61 (1955): 41-42.
An evocative short text that suggests that the two artists used
the visible world--they remained figurative artists--to render the
invisible and to effect "magical" changes in matter. Both
artists transfigured the visible world in their works in order to
effect a spiritual metamorphosis in the viewer.

432. Chevrier, Jean-Fran~ois. "Matisse et la photo." In Matisse

Photgraphies, 8-18. Cahiers Henri Matisse, 2. Nice: Musee
des Beaux-Arts, Jules Cheret, 1986. Exhibition catalogue.
A very astute essay on Matisse and photography by a
specialist in the history of the medium. Chevrier places
Matisse's photos and statements on photography in the
context of nineteenth-century photographic practice and
156 GENERAL ARTICLES

discourse; he relates them to postcards, souvenir images, and

professional documentary photography of the time. A very
valuable essay in a catalogue richly illustrated with photos of
and by Matisse.

433. Chu, Petra Ten-Doesschate. "Unsuspected Pleasures in

Artists' LeUers." Apollo 104, 176 (October 1976): 298-305.
Drawing from the collection of artists' autographs in the
Fondation Custodia, founded by Frits Lugt, the author
discusses and illustrates the evidence of artists' handwriting and
drawings in their letters. Only one letter from Matisse is
discussed, to an unnamed patron, for whom the artist sketches
a possible canvas for purchase. Unidentified, it appears to be a
head of Lorette, his Italian model of 1915-17. Matisse
shrewdly intimates that he has refused the painting to other
potential collectors las he would gladly keep such an excellent
work for himself] and that the [relatively modest] price is
somehow tailored to this buyer. A delightful, informative
article. if only peripherally about Matisse.

434. Clair, Jean. "La Tentation de I'Orient." Nouvelle rev. franr;aise

211 (July 1970): 65-71.
The author contrasts Bonnard's use of the mirror in his interior
scenes to Matisse's use of the painting-within-a-painting motif
in his oils, as emblematic of painting's relation to the real
world. The mirror is metaphoric, Occidental, reflective of the
world, mediating the world of the sensible with that of the
intelligible. The painting-within-the-painting reflects nothing
but itself; it is metonymic, Oriental, self-reflexive, and
autonomous. Matisse's canvases are physical realities in real
space, leading--like Eastern works--to experience rather than
speculation, that is, to sensuous enjoyment, decoration,
abstraction. Bonnard makes the painting a window, the end of
a tradition; Matisse makes a painting of a depicted window the
beginning of the new tradition of Rothko and Newman's color
field canvases. A neatly-turned exposition that also deals with
color and scale in the works of both painters' approaches.
GENERAL ARllCLES 157

435. Cocteau, Jean. "Defonnation professionelle." In Le Rappel a

{'ordre. Paris: Librairie Stock, 1926. First published, May 12,
1919. Flam, no. 88,174-75.
The author laments the loss of Matisse the "discoverer," the
"delightful genius" of yore. In his pi ace is one who "doubts,
gropes, and hesitates instead of deepening his discovery," one
whose current work is without underlying discipline or the
"hidden geometrics of Cezanne."

436. Cocteau, Jean, "Matisse et Picasso." Habitat 73 (September

1963): 58-60. First published in French in Le Matin
[Anvers], May 16, 1963.
A brief note that resists opposing the two artists, seeing them
rather as partners in the adventure of modern painting. In
Portuguese.

437. Codognato, Attilio. "La Serenita come Metafora." In Henri

Matisse, Matisse et l'ltalia, 33-35. Milan: Mondadori, 1987,
Exhibition catalogue.
Abrief but perceptive meditation on Matisse's use of calm and
hannony as a metaphor for intense, existential involvement
with life and authentic existence. The painter's very awareness
of the discordance and tragedy in human life caused hirn to
struggle to project their opposite.

438. Coellen, Ludwig. [On Matisse]. In Die Romantik der neuen

Malerei. Munich: E. W. BonseIls, 1912; Flam, no. 88, 131.
A cIose and perceptive analysis of the dual goals of Matisse's
co10r-fonns and Picasso's space-fonns, both serving symbolist
expression through reliance on the perception of material
reality in order to penetrate the "objective sphere offeeling."

439. Cogniat, Raymond. "Henri Matisse." Goya 7 (Ju1y-August

1955): 28-35.
A straightforward review-summary of Matisse's life, artistic
development, and contributions to modern art, published
shortly after the artist's death. The essay touches on all media
158 GENERAL ARTICLES

and portrays Matisse as a great French cIassical artist, whose

sensibility always served his reason.

440. Cooper, Douglas. "Matisse und Gauguin." In Matisse, Das

Goldene Zeitalter, 91-94. Bielefeld: Bielefeld Kunsthalle,
1981. Exhibition catalogue.
Cooper reviews the early interest of Matisse in Gauguin (c.
1899 when he acquired Gauguin's Head 0/ a Young Tahitian
Man) and his greater readiness for Gauguin's example at the
retrospectives of 1903 and 1906. The last-named exhibition,
with its range of the Gauguin ceramics, sculpture, watercolors,
sketches, lithographs, and woodcuts, had immediate impact on
Matisse's work. The author points to the importance of the
simultaneous influences Cezanne and Gauguin around 1905.
The latter helped Matisse move from impressionist-based
realism to "abstraction" from nature and to the decorative.
Matisse also surrendered to the charm of Gauguin's view of a
life without the constraint of civilization as paradise, the
seduction of the exotic.

441. Coquiot, Gustave. "Matisse." In Cubistes, Futuristes, et

Passeistes. Paris: Ollendorf, 1914; enlarged and revised edition,
1923.
The author, who has followed Matisse's work since 1901,
emphasizes his role as an intellectual, an experimenter, a
theoretical artist incapable of settling into the formulaic. He
claims that Matisse was able to cite "Kant, Spinoza,
Nietzsche, Maudsley, Chevreul et les Mages" in explaining his
art. Coquiot's addendum in the later (1923) edition of the
book laments the artist's loss of the spirit of inquiry in the
settled charm of the early Nice works.

442. "La Cöte: Derain et Matisse." L'Oeil 1 (January 1955): 40-41.

A well-documented comparison of the relative prices
commanded by works of Matisse and those of Derain, during
their lifetimes and until recent auctions. The gulf between
them widens, with Matisse's prices consistently higher.
GENERAL ARllCLES 159

443. Cork, Richard. "A Postmortem on Post-Impressionism." Art

in America 68,8 (October 1980): 83-95, 149-53.
On the occasion of the Royal Academy's revisionist Post-
lmpressionism exhibition, the author traces the origins of the
definition of the "modern" or "post-impressionist" to Roger
Fry's emphasis on abstract form, beginning with his 1910
exhibition Manet and the Post-Impressionists in London.
Using Matisse's Young Sailor I (1906) as an example, Cork
analyses Fry's arbitrary foregrounding of non-realistic form
over the very vivid subject-matter of an adolescent fisherman
and the accessiblity of the canvas's color and touch to viewer
engagement. An extended revisionist discussion of the
"modern" project.

444. Coulonges, Henri. "Matisse et le paradis." Connaissance arts

214 (December 1969): 114-21.
The author groups Matisse with two other sober, intelligent,
professorial-Iooking artists who "veritably invented" modern
art: Kandinsky and Mondrian, all three deeply reflective enough
to make their own practice the subject of their contemplation
and writings. Matisse is the painter of joy, not merely
happiness, characterized by an inner harmony and resultant
calm, transformations produced by his color and arabesques.

445. Courthion, Pierre. "Le Peintre et son modele." Labyrinthe 8,

(May 15, 1945): 6-7.
A visit to Matisse 1939, while the laUer in a white smock
worked from the model in Mary Callery's studio, causes the
author to speculate on Matisse as a doctor, as someone who
imposes on his models a kind of death, as he devours them,
drains them, absorbs their individuality into his own.
Courthion plays with notions of Narcissism, angelism or
demonism, Greek severity or archaism, perhaps inspired by
Brassai's photos of the sessions wh ich accompany the artic\e.

446. Courthion, Pierre. "Bonnard and Matisse." In Bonnard, peintre

du merveilleux. Lausanne: Marguerat, 1945.
160 GENERAL ARTICLES

Author opposes the trembling, insecure hesitancy of Bonnard's

signature to the wiIIed order and sureness of Matisse's hand.
Analogously, Bonnard is an intuitive, emotive artist of the
concrete, a somewhat disorderly searcher; Matisse is
consciously rational, abstract, an orderly arranger who
constructs in a methodical manner.

447. Courthion, Pierre. "Matisse et la Danse:' In XXe Siede.

Hommage a Henri Matisse, 44-47. Paris: Cahiers d'art,
1970.
A short reflection on Matisse's fascination with the "whirling
and leaping" movement he so often portrayed in the theme of
the dance. Courthion suggests a cosmic meaning of universal
rhythm wh ich Matisse derived from Eastern, rather than
Western, sources.

448. Courthion, Pierre. "La Conquete de la Lumiere." In XXe

Siede. Hommage a Henri Matisse, 51-55,62. Paris: Cahiers
d' Art, 1970.
Author summarizes the importance of light for Matisse in
every stage of his career and of his light always being
associated with his use of color. Courthion posits a kind of
symbolist significance for the transparent, mysterious world
that light makes palpable. Long citations of Matisse's
description of light in Tahiti.

449. Cowart, Jack. "Je sens le bois dans les iles: Matisse et Vence."
Art Int. 22,6 (October 1978): 24-27.
Cowart identifies the place, Vence, where Matisse retired from
the threat of invasion in 1943 and remained for six years, as
the site of the "Vence Period," wherein the artist was
rejuvenated in the memory of Tahiti and in the exploration of
the new techniques of decoupage. Jazz was the first fruit of this
freshness and depth; Cowart masterfully groups other work of
the period in a comprehensible unfolding. Even the paintings
of this final period are brought into the analysis of these years
as a coherent "period" of experimentation and discovery. An
important essay.
GENERAL ARTICLES 161

450. Cowart, Jack. "A Place of Silvered Light: An Expanded,

IIlustrated Chronology of Matisse in the South of France,
1916-1932." In Henri Matisse, the Early Years at Nice, 14-
45. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1986, no. 69.
Richly illustrated, detailed chronology of the artist's life from
1916-1932; an invaluable account with previously unpublished
details and corrections of errors in the earlier literature.
Invaluable reconstructions of the artist's two Nice apartments
at 1, rue Charles-Felix.

451. Craven, Thomas. "Modernism." In Men oi Art, 498-99.

New York: Simon & Schuster, 1931.
Craven, in this brief criticism of Matisse, credits the latter
with creating an original style of art by "transferring the
ingredients of genre-painting to the field of decoration."
Nevertheless, according to Craven, Matisse is "essentially a
light talent" with a "faint imagination" whose "taste and tacl"
must substitute for vigor and knowledge.

452. Craven, Thomas. "Matisse." In Modern Art, the Men, the

Movements, the Meaning, 143-76. New York: Simon &
Schuster, 1935.
An ad hominem attack on Matisse, consistent with the thesis
of the entire book that credits the basest commercial motives
to the artist's manner of working, his evolving styles, his
choice of subjects, and lack of significant content. Matisse is
judged to have a dressmaker's or milliner's talent for color and
for surface patterning; he permits himself distortions for the
sake of formal arrangements but modifies them to remain
acceptable to bourgeois tastes. Matisse's main failing, for
Craven, is that he has separated art from life, rendering it
irrelevent to the larger social realities of the day.

453. Craven, Thomas. "Challenging Matisse." Art Digest 7 (March

15, 1933): 1.
A summary of Craven's articIe on Matisse in the New York
Herald Tribune that attacks Albert Barnes' monograph on
162 GENERAL ARllCLES

Matisse for its purely fonnal approach but allows that Matisse
is the perfect subject for such a treatment as he is nothing
more than decorative and bland in content.

454. Curtis, John. "The Art De Luxe of Henri Matisse." Studio

44 (November 1952): 129-35.
A critique of Alfred H. Barr, Jr.'s Matisse: His Art and His
Public which faults Barr for not drawing the conclusions of
his research, for example, the nature of Fauvism's
achievement, Matisse's decorative style, the ultimate quality
and importance of the Vence chapei and the paper cut-outs.
Curtis finds the late works wanting in emotional power,
manifesting a fundamental limitation in Matisse's "approach to
art as a "happy refuge."

455. Dagan, Philippe. "L'Exemple egyptien: Matisse, Derain et

Picasso entre fauvisme et cubisme (1905-1908)." Bult. de la
Societe de l'histoire de l'artfranrais (1984): 289-302.
The author examines the effect of the "Egyptomania" of the
early years of the century on the "primitivizing" work of
Matisse, Derain, and Picasso from 1905 to 1908. He sees the
admiration for Egyptian fonns of simplication as apreparation
for and prefiguration of the appreciation of African sculpture.
Matisse archaicized female heads of c. 1907 and the Standing
Nude, Young Girl (1906) are singled out für analysis as weil
as the simplifications of certain painted portraits of family
members executed between 1906 and 1913.

456. Daix, Pierre. "Matisse." Connaissance arts 492 (February

1993): 24-33.
On the occasion of the Matisse, 1904-1917 exhibition at the
Centre Pompidou in February of 1993; the Picasso scholar
Pierre Daix summarizes the achievements of Matisse from
1907 through the 1920s. Especially interesting for its close
tracing of the development of Matisse in relation to Picasso's
changes of style, the article notes two instances where the
contact is significant: in 1913 where Picasso reintroduced color
and Matisse reintroduced a more rigourous compositional
GENERAL ARTICLES 163

structure, and in 1916 where both men reverted to a certain

realism with the arrival of new models, Lorette and Olga.
Without "returning to order" in the 1920s in a reactionary way,
both men preferred to create images of serenity rather than
expressionist laments about war-engendered tragedies.

457. Danto, Arthur C. "Memo to Bill--I: Why Not Be the Arts

President?" The Nation 256,4 (February I, 1993): 116-17;
with response: "Matisse or Mapplethorpe: Does It Make Any
Difference?" New Criterion 11 (March 1993): 1-3.
In the issue's series of "Memos to Bill [Clinton]" as to where
the president ought to be leading the country, Danto suggests--
using the Matisse Retrospective as a point of departure--that
Clinton become the Arts President by restoring funding to
NEA. He stresses the importance of the art experience for
spiritually enriching human life, and includes Mapplethorpe's
work as part of that experience, even though it offers other
values than that of Matisse's art. In his reply, the editor of
New Criterion faults Danto for equating the two artists,
smoothing over critical esthetic and political differences
between their works, and in general ignoring the criteria for
"art" that Danto himself has forged in his own previous
writings.

458. Däubler, Theodor. "Matisse." In Der Neue Standpunkt, 91-

100. Dresden: Wolfgang Jess Verlag, 1916. Reprinted in
Leipzig: Insel-Verlag, 1919, 108-120.
Däubler insightfully describes the independent status of the
color-stroke in modern painting: an absolute, unconditional
mark that creates composition, rhythm, space. He compares it
to a sentence, complete in itself, standing alone, as in modern
poetry. He speaks of the artist's will to style: the absolute
search to become the thing-in-itself. The author makes a
lengthy survey of the way in which color has become
independent, beginning with Etruscan tombs, through
Raphael' s frescoes, Titian, Tiepolo, Veronese--a long
historico-poetic digression. He concludes with the childlike
freshness of Matisse's color, its naturalness despite its
164 GENERAL ARTICLES

intelleetual base. Notes Moll and Purrmann as those who best

understand the artist's aims; prediets Matisse's long-Iasting
influenee in the future.

459. De Baranano, K. M. "Matisse e Iturrino." Goya 205-6 (July-

Oetober 1988): 94-98.
Traces the Basque painter Francisco de Iturrino's friendship
with Matisse from their days in the Moreau atelier up until the
Spaniard's death in 1924. Compares two canvases painted in
1911 in Seville from the same motif: Matisse' s Spanish Still
Life and Iturrino's Seville Interior. Also treats their mutual
friends, Elie Faure, J. W. Morrice, Henri Evenepoel, and
Derain.

460. de Bissy, C. "Femme-fenetre: une alliance picturale." Rev.

esthhique 1-2 (1980): 375-80.
Author discusses the significance of placing a fern ale figure or
character in relation to a window, whether in paintings such as
Matisse's or in novels such as Flaubert's Madame Bovary.
Although the window ean signify a barrier, or a device through
whieh the woman may beeome the object of a stranger's gaze,
it is also a means of the woman' s gaining visual purehase on
the world beyond her domestie one and, hence, information,
insight, reciprocity.

461. Degand, Leon. "Matisse a Paris." Les Lettres franraises 76

(October 6, 1945): 1,4. Flam, no. 28, 159-64; Fourcade, no.
29, 299-309; both extracts.
A very important interview with the artist immediately after
the war when Matisse was in Paris for the Autumn Salon in
whieh his wartime work was featured. Degand offers Matisse
the opportunity to ans wer his eritics on issues of spontaneity,
sincerity, emotion, decorativeness, Frenchness, the human
element in art, his eontemporaries, and other current esthetic
topics.

462. Degand, Leon. "Pour une Revision des valeurs: Matisse, un

genie?" Art d'aujourd'hui 2, 10 (November 1956): 28-31.
GENERAL ARTICLES 165

A negative critique of Matisse's lifetime achievement, on the

occasion of the artist's 1956 posthumous Paris retrospective.
Degand, editor of Art d'aujourd'hui and proponent of a hard-
edged abstraction, deplores the failure of Matisse to develop,
after 1918, the integration of autonomous form with that of
autonomous color which the painter helped to propagate (but
did not originate) around 1905. He dismisses thirty years of
culpably "prudent" work from 1918 to 1947, the year of the
publication of Jazz, and approves the cut-paper work as
the too-long-delayed fruit of the 1911-17 experiments. An
important French critical essay of the mid-fifties, enmeshed in
the debates between Soviet realism and abstraction.

463. Denis, Maurice. "Salon d'Automne: Painting." L'Hermitage

(November 15, 1905). Flam, no. 88,47-50.
Denis' famous criticism of Matisse's work of 1905, in which
he wams the artist to give in neither to the "spirit of systems"
nor to the tendency toward "painting in itself, the pure act of
painting." Reprinted as "De Gauguin, de Whistler, et de
I'exces de theories" in Theories 1890-1910. Du symbolisme et
de Gauguin vers un nouvel ordre classique, 199-210. Paris:
Rouart et Watelin, 1920; first ed. 1912. A very perceptive
and widely quoted statement of early criticism.

464. Denvir, Bernard. "La Dolce Vita." Art and Artists 13, 4
(August 1978): 12-17.
An extended, iIIustrated review of two exhibits (MarIborough
and Lumley Cazalet Galleries) currently on view in London,
the artic\e acknowledges the bourgeois nature of Matisse's
work, that is, "sense of radiant self-indulgence in the beauty of
material things [seen as a] reward for economic achievements."
Yet Denvir sensitively analyzes several works which indicate
the tension, complexity, and sense of the "uncanny" in many
of the most seemingly serene paintings and drawings.

465. De Pesloüan, C. "Matisse Photographe [Narrative by Lisette

Clarnete]." Madame Figaro (November 25, 1989): 38-42.
166 GENERAL ARTICLES

An interview (told in the first person, as by Clarnete) of

Lisette Clarnete, Matisse' s favored model from 1928-1933.
Clarnete was a sometime nurse to Mme Matisse who also
worked as Matisse's studio assistant on Dance I, the newly
discovered first study for the Barnes Mural. Ms. Clarnete
posed for important works such as The Yellow Robe (1929-
1931) and gives an intimate description of Matisse's somewhat
obsessive behavior with regard to her appearance and costumes.
An important testimony to Matisse's relations with his
models; important documentary photos accompany the artide.

466. De Stefani, Alessandro. "Matisse e il cubismo: per una nuova

datazione deI Grand Nu de Braque [Matisse and cubism: towards
a new dating of Braque's Grand Nu]." Paragone 39, 457
(March 1988): 35-61.
Suggests that Braque's Large Nude was painted in 1908 rather
than 1907, based on a writing by Matisse. The latter's
importance for Cubism argued.

467. Desvallieres, Georges. "Preface to [Matisse's] 'Notes of a

Painter.'" La Grand revue (December 25, 1908). Flam,
no.88, 75-76.
A sympathetic introduction to Matisse's important statement
of 1908; the term "expressive decoration" is used to describe
Matisse's procedure which results in what seems to be
gratuitous distortion of the figure. See Roger Benjamin's
Matisse's "Notes oi a Painter." Criticism. Theory. and
Context. 1891-1908 (1987), no. 55, for a complete analysis
of this preface.

468. Diehl, Gaston. "A la recherche d'un art mural: Matisse." Paris,
[es arts. [es [ettres 20 (April 19, 1946).
A short artic1e in which Diehl notes that attention to the
surface and to the compositional rhythm as a whole--proper to
mural painting--has always been characteristic even of
Matisse's easel painting. Contains extensive quotes by
Matisse on how he conceived and carried out his mural for the
GENERAL ARTICLES 167

Barnes Foundation. The material is essentially contained in

Diehl's monograph on Matisse of 1954, no. 73.

469. Diehl, Gaston. "Henri Matisse le mediterraneen nous dit. ..."

Comoedia (February 7,1942): 1,6.
Abrief article on Matisse occasioned by his 1941 exhibition
of drawings at the Louis Carre Gallery in Paris. The
voluptuous and exotic, yet orderly and disciplined, ambience of
Matisse's Iiving quarters at the Hotel Regina is evoked, along
with the incessant warbling of the artist's tropical birds. The
author finds this essentially "mediterranean." Matisse is cited
on his drawing methods and goals, and he also expresses the
desire to work again on a mural scale.

470. Diehl, Gaston. "Avec Matisse le c1assique." Comoedia 3, 102

(June 12, 1943): 6.
A visit to Matisse in his "royal solitude" at the Hotel Regina.
The artist speaks of his purchase of Cezanne's Bathers from
Vollard around 1899 and of what it meant to hirn at the time
in understanding the role of color and the arabesque.

471. Di Piero, W. S. "Matisse's Broken Circle." New Criterion

(May 1988): 25-35. Reprinted in Out 0/ Eden: Essays on
Modern Art. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
California Press, 1991.
Both a review of the exhibition, Matisse et l'ltalie (Venice
1987), and a response to Frank SteIla's essays in Working
Spaces (1987), this essay thoughtfully presents the author' s
own view of Matisse's achievement under a nonhistorical, even
formal, argument. The author claims Matisse's effort to unite
the contraries of disegno and colorito, ne ver fully achieved and
therefore maintaining astate of unfulfilled desire, constitutes
his work's erotic charge as weIl as its "religious" yearning for
unity. A rich, evocative interpretation of Matisse's unfulfiIled,
yet fulfilling, project.
168 GENERAL ARTICLES

472. Dittmann, Lorenz. "Anmerkungen zur Farbe bei Matisse." In

Matisse: das Goldene Zeitalter, 49-64. Bielefeld: Bielefeld
Kunsthalle, 1981.
A discussion of Matisse's color through the analysis of eight
paintings, from 1910-1947. The author, using many
statements by the artist as weil as by means of the works
themselves, attempts to demonstrate that Matisse, be fore any
other modern painter, was able to create a synthesis out of
pure-saturation color and the orchestration of color-surfaces
into powerfully expressive harmonies.

473. Dorival, Bernard. "Matisse." Bull. de la Sociere des Amis du

Musee de Dijon (1958-60): 69-71.
Author places Matisse's career under the signs of reflection,
research, and method, which makes hirn a quintessentially
French artist. Dorival gives a summary of the artist's Iife (not
without factual errors) and development. The cut-outs are
passed over; the Chapel at Vence is seen as the artist' s
culminating masterpiece. The artist's hedonism is translated
with reserve, sobriety, economy of means, even asceticism.

474. Dorival, Bernard. "Henri Matisse ou le triomphe de

I'intelligence." In Actes du 22e congres internationale de
l'histoire de l'art, 43-57. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1972.
Artists dominated by intelJ.igence are often Iimited by a certain
dryness (Valery) or by a lack of poetry (Gide). In Matisse,
Dorival finds an egoism or lack of tenderness for others
transferred from the affective plane to the intellectual, where
self-Iove is transformed into passion for his own works. This
percepti ve article ruminates on several aspects of Matisse' s
intelligence: his economy of emotion, his reticence, his
sobriety, his submission with regard to the laws of his
materials and the constraints of scale and purpose--all aspects
of a sensuality directed by a lucid consciousness. The Barnes
Foundation mural and the chapel at Vence are particularly
incisiveIy analysed to illustrate the author's thesis.
GENERAL ARTICLES 169

475. Dorival, Bernard. "Matisse and Marquet au Musee National

d'Art Moderne." Rev. des arts 7 (May 1957): 114-20.
Three newly-acquired works are discussed, two reputedly by
Matisse (Etude pour le Nu dans l'Atelier and Nu dans l'Atelier)
and one by Marquet of the same title and subject. All are dated
early 1905. The Matisse oil, however, has been contested in
Co wart ('Ecoliers' to 'Fauves', 1972, no. 226); Elderfield
(Fauvism and [ts Affinities, 1976, no. 1176) has suggested
that, if it not by Manguin of Marquet Painting a Nude, it is of
Manguin Painting a Nude by Marquet.

476. Duchamp, Marcel. "Matisse and the Physics of Painting,"

Yale Literary Magazine 123 (Fall 1955): 14.
A one-paragraph materialist history of Matisse's stylistic
development from 1905 to 1908.

477. Duchein, Paul. "La Region Midi-Pyrenees, source

d'inspiration pour les artistes contemporains." Bult. du Musee
d'[ngres 36 (December 1974): 25-36.
Briefly discusses artists who painted subjects in the region of
Toulouse, including Toulouse-Lautrec, Matisse, Redon, Ernst,
Magritte, Dufy, and Dali.

478. Duthuit, Georges. "Matisse." Action 3 (April 1920): 49-58.

Duthuit' s earliest article on Matisse adumbrates all the themes
that he would develop in his later writings: the indefinability
of art, its instantiation of Bergson's elan vital, the role of
intuition in experiencing the joy that the art work offers, the
creative "completion" of the work by the spectator, the
necessity of art to enter one's life as in earlier (i.e., Eastern,
Byzantine) cultures, the importance of love for the model to be
realized by the artist in the art work, the necessity of purifying
and generalizing the individual and sensual inspiration for the
work.
170 GENERAL ARTIClES

479. Duthuit, Georges. "Les Tableaux qui nous entourent ce soir..

.." In Georges Duthuit, Ecrits sur Matisse. Paris: Ecole
Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts, 1992., no. 77.
An unpublished conference given by the author at the
vernissage of an exhibit at Paul Guillaume's gallery on
October 8, 1926, in which only Lilac Branch, The Piano
Lesson, and Bathers by a River were shown. Duthuit
comments on the problematic of modern art in the mid-20s: its
loss of the power to change the culture, to alter people's
modes of thinking and acting, to be dangerous. Even those
who appreciate modern art seem disappointed finally by what it
provides. The best of the new work still causes viewers, if not
to approve totaIly, at least to be unable to appreciate what they
had on ce valued. After the author offers a detailed explication
of Bathers by a River, he makes a plea for meditating on and
discussing art seriously, of placing onself under its influence,
of leuing it act upon one in its own unique way--its fictions
leading to both ecstasy and energetic action.

480. Duthuit, Georges. "Oeuvres recentes de Henri-Matisse."

Cahiers d'art I (1926): 7-8.
This early essay by the artist's son-in-Iaw establishes his
esthetic viewpoint, which privileges the moment of viewer
response--an increase of vital life through contemplation of the
ephemeral transformed (by art) into a moment of real presence.
In a style of poetic intensity and play of oppositions, Duthuit
relates Matisse's sublimated eroticism to Eastern art, citing a
sentence on an Islamic incense-burner: "Within. the fire of the
inferno, but without, the suavest aroma."

481. Duthuit, Georges. "Matisse and Byzantine Space." Transition

Forty-Nine 5 (1949): 20-37.
In response to the post-war call for collective and socially
ameliorative art, Duthuit offers Byzantium as an example of
an organic society where art was a true product of collective
belief and participation, totally integrated with history and the
people. He extols, not the isolated esthetic object, but
ensembles and environments, in which objects achieve mutual
GENERAL ARllCLES 171

exaltation and in which participants orchestrate the total

experience. Duthuit claims that more than other artists Matisse
approximates the integral, non-egoistic unity of space and
light one finds in, for example, St. Mark's Cathedral in
Venice. Matisse creates a material, all-dimensional space that
expresses "the unity of beings and of the light in which they
move."

482. Duthuit, Georges. "Preface." In Matisse. Knokke-Le Zoute,

1952. Exhibition catalogue.
Duthuit disputes the place of Cubism as the great plastic
revolution of our time; it is simply the result of several
centuries of classicisrn, of the reign of abstract intelligence,
and of the regulated possession of space by geometry. An art,
in short, that leads to the Museum, to the illusion of the
unreal, to the suppression of the world in favor of amental
construction of it. Another line of development leads from
impressionism to Matisse. The laUer does not confront his
model but, with the model, achieves avision that is
comparable to the disinterested freshness of mind one has upon
waking, before quotidien logic takes over. The model is only
the circumstance for the inducement of this state of fluid
attention, of availablity, which is then threatened by the actual
making of the artwork. Duthuit subtly describes this effort of
adequation between the primary sensation and its plastic
equivalent which, however, remains open, inviting completion
by the spectator.

483. Duthuit, Georges. "Matisse and Courbet." Ark 14 (1955):

12-13.
An interview with the artist's son-in-Iaw on the occasion of
his visit to the Royal College of Art in March 1955, in which
Duthuit speaks of the Chapel at Vence. He also describes
Courbet (currently showing in Paris) as a poetic painter--one
who can give emotion and luminosity to dull matter and bring
out intimate correspondances between things.
172 GENERAL ARTICLES

484. Duthuit, Georges, "Material and Spiritual Worlds of Henri

Matisse." Art News 55 (1956): 22-25.
Poetic and penetrating essay on the religious nature of
Matisse's oeuvre on the occasion of the Paris retrospective of
1956. Duthuit asserts that, like Mozart, Matisse maintains a
delicate balance between light and dark, the invented and
described, the imponderable and ponderable, transparency and
opacity, a balance that provides a "solemn resonance" for the
viewer-participant that goes beyond esthetic calm, into a sense
of "the possiblity of harmony with the world." A seminal
essay that lays out a view of Matisse that is the basis for
much of Pierre Schneider's subsequent work on the artist.

485. Duthy, Robin. "Matisse: a Twentieth Century Great, Yet

Still Undervalued." Connoisseur 216 (September 1986): 134-
36.
Summarizes, from an investor's point of view, the rise of
Matisse's prices over his lifetime and after. Some extremely
interesting and surprising statistics are summarized, for
example, that Matisse's sharpest price rise (500%) was
between 1960-1975 and that since then his prices have only
risen another 20%, and that Matisse's work commanded (in
1986) roughly two-thirds that of Picasso's.

486. Eglinton, Guy. "L'Histoire d'un Fauve." In Reaching jor

Art. 37-66. London: Morley and Mitchell; Boston: Kennerley
and May, 1931.
A witty and perceptive evaluation of Matisse during the 1920s,
revealing that the artist never was a revolutionary, a "wild
one," but rather a painter of the highest quality who initiated
nothing new, but who "kept the post-impressionist ball a little
longer in the air." The author offers an interesting perspective
on Cubism, the lessons of Cezanne, and the fact that all the art
"revolutions" of the century have "smeIt the velvet" of the
high-priced galleries.

487. Einstein, Carl. "Henri Matisse." In Die Kunst des 20.

Jahrhunderts. 24-32. Berlin: Im Propyläen-Verlag, 1926.
GENERAL ARTICLES 173

A critical look at Matisse by an apologist for Cubism of the

political left. After outlining the crisis in painting bequeathed
by Impressionism, Einstein discusses Neo-Impressionism,
quoting Signac's From Eugene Delacroix to Neo-
lmpressionism. But he reserves to Van Gogh the role of
fathering Fauvism, citing over a page of statements from Van
Gogh's letters to demonstrate the affinities between hirn and
the Fauves. Not surprisingly, Einstein ultimately finds fault
with Matisse's extreme planarity (poster-like, in his view) and
the artist's concern for decorative values rather than those of a
"coherent and global representation of space." Also dangerous,
for Einstein, is an incipient academicism in Matisse's
schematic renderings of figures and objects, where reduction
and simplification impoverish rat her than enrich the whole.
Finally, the author is disappointed with the bourgeois quality
of the post-1917 work wh ich carries little of the expressive
vitality of color of the Fauve works.

488. Elderfield, John. "Matisse in Morocco, An Interpretive

Guide." In Matisse in Morocco, 201-239. Washington, D.C.
and New York: National Gallery of Art and Harry N. Abrams,
1990. Exhibition catalogue.

Elderfield, drawing on his deep understanding of Matisse's

artistic practice and the new documentation on the Moroccan
project, takes the reader through the sequential making of the
Moroccan works, clearing up problems of dating and sequence.
He correlates them to related works and to attitudes about
North Africa and travel to foreign lands in general. For the
latter the author draws on a range of literary and historical
sources. This is a very rich essay, indispensable for
understanding how the Moroccan work prepares for the
ambitious cubist-like works from 1913-1917 and,
paradoxically, for the Nice fantasies of the Orient. Elderfield
marks this period as that of a loss of innocence--especially the
war years--but not the loss of a reconstructed and mature
freshness.
174 GENERALARllCLES

489. Eldridge, Charles. "The Arrival ofEuropean Modemism." Art

in America 61,4 (July-August 1973): 34-41.
A recounting of the interaction between American artists and
French modemism before the famous 1913 Armory Show,
with emphasis on the influence of Matisse through his
Steiglitz's 291 exhibitions in New York and the sojoums of
American artists in Paris, many of whom studied with
Matisse.

490. Elliott, Eugene Clinton. "Some Recent Conceptions of Color

Theory." Journal 0/ Aesthetics and Art Criticism 18 (June
1960): 494-503.
Author discusses "color theory" broadly conceived to include
artistic practice as weIl as theories of painting as a whole. He
traces in a summary fashion the color usage of the
Impressionists, Neo-Impressionists, Fauves, Cubists, and
Orphists (Oelaunay). Matisse's and Gris's remarks on color
and color practice are treated in greater detail, followed by a
section on Kandinsky and the theories of Hilair Hiler. The
final analysis is of the work of Hans Hofmann who alone
organizes a composition totally by color. Good summary of
these artists' views on color.

491. Eluard, Paul. "Le Mirroir de Baudelaire." Minotaure I, 1

(1933).
An article on the nineteenth-century poet by a Surrealist;
Matisse's portrait of Baudelaire from Poesies de Stiphane
Mallarme mentioned in the article. Article is illustrated by a
drawing and an engraving by Matisse.

492. Escholier, Raymond. "O'ou vient Matisse?" Prisme des arts 4

(1956): 2-4.
In this slight, heavily ilIustrated, article, Escholier answers his
own question by elaborating the influence of Gauguin and
Cezanne on Matisse.
GENERAL ARTICLES 175

493. Escholier, Raymond. "Matisse et le Maroc." Jardin des arts

24 (October 1956): 705-12.
In a recirculation of information from his 1956 monograph
Matisse, ce vivant, Escholier focuses on the work resulting
from Matissse's North African trips. Discussing a number of
works in some detail, Escholier is the first to concentrate on
this period. He confuses the issue somewhat by indicating that
Fauvism arose from Matisse's experiences in North Africa in
1906 and again in 1912 and 1913, conflating the two periods.
He thus overemphasizes the Moroccan impact so that it can
explain the "barbaric" splendor of Matisse's Fauve color from
its inception.

494. Esteban, Claude. "Une Limpidite necessaire." Nouvelle rev.

/ranraise 211 (July 1970): 72-77.
In an epoch famished for images, Matisse's paintings do not
provide a simple hedonistic realism. Rather, they evidence a
continuity of search conducted with an almost arid intellectual
severity. Matisse sought a reconciliation between "palpitation
and law"; he refused Cubism as too conceptual, too little
savorous of the substance of things. According to Esteban,
Matisse regenerates the correspondences between subject and
object, finding "intersubjective geometries," and discovering
the "divinities immanent in physical things."

495. Faure, Eli. "Opinions." In Henri Matisse. Paris: Georges

Cres & Cie, 1920. Flam, no. 88, 180-81.
Faure claims that Matisse's development recapitulates that of
all true artists: first, a very evident tension in the battle
between instinct and intelligence, or between pure emotion and
the abstract demands of pure painting; then, a slowly acquired
equilibrium between the two in the works of maturity.

496. Faure, Eli. "The Contemporary Genesis." In L'Art Modeme.

Paris: B. W. Heubsch, 1924. Translated by Walter Pach as
History 0/ Modem Painting. London: John Lane, The Bodley
Head Ltd. and New York: Harper & Brothers, 1924.
176 GENERAL ARTICLES

An extremely perceptive appreciation of Matisse in the context

of his generation--not the Fauves, but the Nabis. Set off from
Bonnard, Vuillard, and Redon, the decorative Symbolists of the
1890s, Matisse is characterized as more reflective and less
spontaneous than the former, more willful in his formal
invention, less dependent on nature. Faure gives a brilliant
analysis levocation ofMatisse's use of color and says his work
contains the "decorative majesty" of a "grand style" unique to
hirn because he uses color to evoke the secret meeting at the
fron tiers between object and subject. "Music rises from
[Matisse's painting] in absolute silence."

497. FeIler, Gerd Udo. "Matisse oder das Angebot der

Sinnlichkeit." In Matisse, Das Goldene Zeitalter, 85-90.
Bielefeld: Bielefeld Kunsthalle, 1981. Exhibition catalogue.
An extended meditation on the manner in which Matisse's use
of color contributes to the pardisial connotations of his
paintings. That its color breathes, expands, becomes a fluid
environment in which the spectator finds unity and well-being
is central to the author's thesis. He extends this to Matisse's
expansive handling of composition, of line, and of the human
body as subject. He also suggests that color also functions as
a guarantor of the ground of reality, the essence of things, the
unity of being. A subtle and far-ranging treatment of the
artist's use of color.

498. Fels, Florent. "Henri Matisse, 1869." In L'Art vivant de 1900

anos jours. Geneva: Pierre Cailler, 1950.
A strange patchwork of old interviews and old texts by this
aging critic who is still unable to decide whether art is born of
a temperament or of a "plastic syllogism." He puts Matisse at
the center of every possible vanguard position even when
contradictory, and then claims that Matisse is the greatest of
living painters, in part because his art "varies indefinitely."
Richly and unexpectedly illustrated with infrequently
reproduced drawings of and by Matisse.
GENERAL ARllCLES 177

499. Fergonzi, Flavio. "Firenze 1910-Venezia 1920: Emilio

Cecchi, i Quadri Francesi e le Difficolta dell'Impressionismo."
Bolletino d'Arte 79 (May-June 1993): 1-26.
An account of the exhibition history of modern art in Italy
from the first show at the Lyceum Club in Florence in 1910
to the Cezanne exhbition in the Venice Biennale in 1920.
Emphasis is on the critical reception of these shows,
especially that of the poet, essayist and critic, Emilio Cecchi,
who wrote for La voce and Il Marzocco. His own most
famous collection of short literary essays, published in 1920,
was called--fortuitously, for an admirer of Matisse's painting
of the same name shown in Rome in 1913--Pesci rossi
[Goldfish].

500. Fermigier, Andre. "Matisse et son double." Rev. de I'art 12

(1977): 100-107.
An important article which, building on Andre Levinson's
distinction (1930) between "two Matisse's," discusses the
duality of the painter's artistic personality: the "nordic and
provincial impressionism" of the early years and its 1920' s
variant in contrast with the innovative, autonomous, mural-
like, iconic works of 1906-1917 and post-1933. In the
aftermath of the 1970 Paris retrospective, the author admits
that French collectors and critics had been slow to appreciate
the Matisse of the most avant-garde, abstract periods, claiming
that foreigners appreciated this "other Matisse" and possessed
the best works, though unfortunately these were often not
available for viewing.

501. Ferrier, Jean-Louis. "1907: 'Immensite intime' et simplication

du tableau." In XXe Siede. Hommage a Henri Matisse, 39-42.
Paris: Cahiers d'art, 1970.
A thoughtful essay on the simplification and deformations that
occurred in Matisse's work around 1907, with sensitive
observations but no dominant argument or thesis.

502. Fierens, Pau!. "For or Against Henri-Matisse." Chroniques

du jour (April 1931). Flam, no. 88, 275-76.
178 GENERAL ARTICLES

Author notes that Matisse's strength is demonstrated to the

degree that the young are against his kind of painting. The
charge by constructivists, surrealists, abstractionists, etc. is
"some lack of humanity, of emotion" in Matisse's work.
Fierens observes that Matisse has given enough to the
development of painting and remains more free and more true
to hirnself than any modern master.

503. Flam, Jack D. "Matisse in 1911: At the Cross-Roads of

Modern Painting." In Actes du XXIIe congres international
d'histoire de I'art (1969),421-30. Vol. 2. Budapest, 1972.
Flam claims that 1911, in spite of the cubist experiments of
that year, saw the production by Matisse of the most
important works of the period. Matisse's "studio" or
"symphonic" paintings of that year, as weIl as Goldfish and
Sculpture and Blue Window, were to change the artist's
concept of pictorial space and have repercussions on later
painting in Europe and America. Space is achieved by the
structural use of color and by drawing as the deI imitation of
surface areas. This early essay by Flam on these key works,
masterfully analysed, will be enriched and expanded in his later
monograph of 1986, no. 89.

504. Flam, Jack D. "Some Observations on Matisse's Self-

Portraits." Arts Mag. 49 (May 1975): 50-52.
An examination of Matisse's self-portraits--whether by direct
self-representations or by surrogate figures or objects in his
paintings--for the recurrent themes of alienation, isolation, and
anxiety. Paintings used as examples include Carmelina
(1903), Music (Sketch) of 1907, The Painter's Family (1911),
Conversation (1909), Interior with Violin (1917-18), The
Artist and His Model (1919), Still Life with Phonograph
(1924), and the cut-paper Sorrows ofthe King (1952).

505. Flam, Jack D. "Matisse in Morocco." Connoisseur (August

1982): 74-86.
Flam is the first to offer new information on Matisse's trips to
Morocco in 1912 and 1913. Retracing the route of the artist's
GENERAL ARllCLES 179

itinerary, aided by unpublished documentary texts, he details

the painter' s visits and analyzes both works done in Morocco
and those later more abstract works which utilize distilled
memories of his trip, Arab Cafe (1913) and Moroccans
(1916).

506. Flam, lack. "What Would You Ask Michelangelo? [Art

Historians Propose What They Would Ask Their Subjects]."
Art News 85 (November 1986): 99-100.
Flam would ask Matisse, if he were able, to do a portrait of
someone he [Flam] knew weil.

507. Flam, lack. "Image Into Sign." In Matisse: Image Into Sign,
5-13. St. Louis: The St. Louis Museum of Art, 1993.
Exhibition catalogue.

Using the occasion of a loan exhibition of important works

primarily from the 1930s and 1940s, Flam elaborates his
theory that Matisse moved from the creation of images to the
production of signs. Discussing the prototype work,
Decorative Figure on an Ornamental Ground (1925-26), Flarn
really places the advent of the new mode in the post-Barnes
Mural work of the 1930s and especially in the paper cut-outs,
where, as in poetry, the equivalences take place "in the mind."

508. Flanner, lanet. "King of the Wild Beasts." The New Yorker
27 (December 22 and 29, 1951). Reprinted in Men and
Monuments. 88-133. London: H. Hamilton and New York:
Harper Row, 1957. New ed., New York: De Capo Press,
1990, with introduction by Rosamond Bernier.
An immensely readable mini-survey of Matisse's Iife and
career that is written in a zestful journalistic style at once
sympathetic, ironic and knowing. Highly accurate in its
details and perceptive of the world it views, this essay by
Flanner, longtime reporter for The New Yorker under the pen
name Genet, has the intimacy of an insider and the detachment
of the outside observer.
180 GENERAL ARllCLES

509. Flint, Ralph. "Interview on the Eve of Sailing." Art News

29 (January 3, 1931): 3+.
The author gives no direct citations, but paraphrases Matisse's
reactions to the U.S. on the eve of his return to France after
his third visit to America. He returns with the Barnes
Foundation mural commission.

510. Forbes. Cleaver. "A Sultan and a Prince." Art News 89 (May
1990): 41.
A note on the article in Madame Figaro by Lisette Clarnete,
Matisse's sole model from 1928 to 1933, as told to De
Pesloüan.

511. Foster. Joseph Kissel. "Matisse: an Informal Note" [Obit].

Art Digest 29 (December 1, 1954): 14-5+.
A note on Matisse's death, the author attempting to see hirn
on the day the painter died; Picasso's reaction.

512. Fourcade, Dominique. "Matisse et Manet?" In Bonjour

Monsieur Manet, 25-32. Paris: Musee National d'Art
Moderne, 1983.
Fourcade traces the "dialogue" that Matisse had with Manet.
particularly between 1916 and 1920. when Matisse discovered
how to maximize the power of blacks as "Iuminous," as
generators of light. Not limited to this period. however,
Fourcade discusses motifs, approaches, techniques common to
the two men, and what Matisse added to them to make his
homage to the older master totally original. A very rich essay,
historically and estheticaIly.

513. Fourcade, Dominique. "Matisse, An Uninterrupted Story." In

Renri Matisse, the Early Years in Nice, 1916-1930, 47-57.
Washington, D. c.: National Gallery of Art. 1986. no. 69.
Fourcade defends this period as one of strenuous creative effort
in which Matisse "refigures" his plastic approach in terms of
light (as both subject and structural principle) and of depth,
whose "tight and coherent cinematography" can best be seen
GENERAL ARTICLES 181

when the Niee works are presented in series or "farnilies" of

eanvases.

514. Frankfurter, Alfred M. "Matisse: Is He the Greatest?" Art

News 47 (April 1, 1948): 20-28.
Matisse's ultimate importanee (quality) is assessed in terms of
his self-sustaining individuality, not his influenee on others.
With Pieasso, and eomplementing hirn, he is seen as one of
the pair of "greats" in Freneh and international painting.

515. Fry, Roger. "Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art 6,5-6 (1931):

283-8.
Exeerpt from Fry's monograph, Henri-Matisse, Paris and New
York, 1930 (no. 92); also published in Creative Art 9,6
(Deeember 1931): 458-62.

516. Gaunt, William. "Henri Matisse and the Freneh Spirit in

Modem Art." London Studio 17 (Studio 117) (February
1939): 52-59.
Situates Matisse squarely in the modernism speeifie to Franee,
that is, its eonservative, tradition-extending wing, staying
within the limitations of the medium--stretehing, but not
defying, painting eonventions.

517. Gauthier, Maximilian. "Henry Matisse, Biographie." L'Art

vivant 6 (May 15, 1930): 409.
A short biographical and bibliographie note on Matisse who,
along with others also entered, was exhibiting in the Art
Vivant show.

518. Geldzahler, Henry. "World War land the First Crisis in

Vanguard Art." Art News 61, 8 (Deeember 1962): 48-51,
63-64.
Why did Matisse, Pieasso, and other pre-war vanguardists take
up a more ealm, less innovative, and more tradition-oriented
style after World War I? After reviewing the most frequently
eited reasons, the author hirnself opts for an explanation that
182 GENERAL ARTICLES

claims for Cubism (and its epoch) an invention comparable to

the High Renaissance which, though it ceased to glow with its
original vitality, set off "waves of imitation and reaction" that
continued to enrich the succeeding decades. The desire for a
"combined situation of formal discovery and alienation from
the public" seems not to be possible in periods of widespread
critical acceptance of the new [such as 1962, when the article
was writtenl.

519. George, Waldemar. "Psychanalyse de Matisse: Lettre a

Raymond Cogniat." In "Pour ou contre Matisse" issue of
Chroniques du jour (April 1931): 6-8. Flam, no. 88, 273-275.
The author mounts an attack on Matisse's claim to have
broken with Impressionism as a form of naturalism or
subservience to nature, Matisse's claim to have facilitated
progress in the history of painting. George questions the
notion of "nature in itself' as a "vulgar fable," and the notion
of "progress" in art as false. There are changes in art practice
but not progress. George also argues that the dissociation of
color from descriptive forms is a symptom of modern man's
alienation from the world of nature, of things. Matisse's
"absolute painting," art based on art, resuIts in a sterile
autonomy, a divorce of culture from life, human sensation, and
the European humanist tradition. The first salvo in what
would become a widespread war against modernist values in
French mainstream criticism in the 1930s.

520. George, Waldemar. "The Duality ofMatisse." Formes (June

1931). Flam, no. 88, 276-78.
The critic who, a few months earlier, had used Matisse's work
as a sign of the loss of humanist values in modern European
painting, uses Matisse's achievements in this article to laud
the specifically French qualities in the same body of work.
Rather than advance modern art and its utopian dream of
painting in itself, Matisse has defeated that dream from within
the premises of modern painting by resisting dogmatic
theories, rigidity of style, and the renunciation of figures,
atmosphere, mood, poetry. Matisse at sixty, "turned to the
GENERAL ARTICLES 183

present, speaking the vernacular of twentieth-century man,

eluded his own generation" by becoming "one of the masters
of French painting."

521. Georges-Michel, Michel. "In the Claws of the Fauves:

Matisse." In From Renoir to Picasso, Artists in Action, 30-
38. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957. Fr. ed., Paris: F.
Brouty, J. Fayard et eie, 1954. A condensed version appeared
as "Henri Matisse." La Biennale di Venezia 26 (December
1955): 11-13.
Informative and amusing anecdotal account of Matisse in
London, working on his sets for Diaghilev's Chants du
Rossignol, and in Nice in the 1920s, as recounted by an artist-
friend; illustrated with sketches of each man by the other.

522. Gide, Andre. "FeuIlets d' Automne." Nouvelle rev. franraise,

1920. Flam, no. 88, 195-96.
Gide, visiting the artist in his Nice hotel room, describes
Matisse's new, detailed drawings which achieve, improbably.
an emotional whole. (The painter's current models are
Mantegna and Michelangelo.) Matisse asks to be judged on the
total curve of his work, but Gide privately opines that that is
impossible: artists are judged on individual works. He thinks
it rash for Matisse to have stopped producing "paintings," that
is, larger, more ambitious compositions.

523. Gilbert-Rolfe, Jeremy. "Matisse the Representational Artist."

Art/orum 17,4 (December 1978): 48-49.
This artic\e is an elegant and eloquent defense of the mutual
functioning of the decorative and representational in Matisse's
art, that is, forms of oblique and direct address in which the
spectator is trapped, forcing upon hirn the distance which
makes metaphor possible. Representation is necessary for the
recognition of objects, in order to marvel at the subsumption
of their particular qualities into paint. The elements of
displacement and sublimation are key to the way Matisse's
canvases work.
184 GENERAL ARTICLES

524. Gillet, Louis. "Trente ans de peinture au Petit Palais." Rev

Deux Mondes 107 (July 15, 1937): 330-39 and (August 1,
1937): 562-84.
Reviewing the exhibition of Independent Art at the Petit
Palais, Gillet notes that Matisse, in his early career, was
responsible for the erroneous model of the artist who must
continually reinvent hirnself and his art in an everchanging
succession of noveIties. The author admires Matisse's mastery,
however, especially favoring the decorative mural painting
such as that of the Barnes Foundation and laments that the
whole of Matisse, the best of hirn perhaps, isnot to be seen at
the Independent show. Matisse remains the master of "the way
of organizing the canvas as a feast, as a little machine destined
to ravish the senses and calm the spirit, conceived for
delectation. "

525. GilIet, Louis. "Entretien a Henri Matisse." Candide (February

24, 1943).
An eloquent, if somewhat over-written, account of Matisse's
state of physical and mental health after his ordeal in Lyons
with cancer surgery and a post-operative embolism. Gillet
makes much of Matisse's present peace of mind, his joy, and
the vigor with which he is undertaking a variety of new
projects. He cites the artist's own vivid words about his new
appreciation of the beauties of the world and his recollections
of the joy of the aged, suffering Renoir who was yet able to
work. Matisse's words in Fourcade, no. 29, 289-90.

526. Gilot, Fran~oise and Carlton Lake. "Part VI" in Life With
Picasso. New York: McGraw HilI, 1964; Anchor Books,
1989, 261-72 and passim. First published in French, Vivre
Avec Picasso. Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1965. London: Penguin
Books, 1966; Virago, 1990.
Matisse appears often in this book by Picasso's companion
from 1943 to 1955. The stories and observations are priceless
first-hand accounts by a sensitive and impartial ob server.
Gilot would go on to develop these remembrances in her 1990
book, Matisse and Picasso: A Friendship in Art, no. 95.
GENERAL ARTICLES 185

527. Gilot, Fran<;oise. "Henri Matisse at Peace." Art and Antiques

(October 1986): 92-96.
Author's reminiscences about Matisse on the occasion of the
Washington "Matisse: Early Years in Nice" exhibition. The
early Nice works, she says, expressed the "feminine side of his
nature," while at the same time reflecting a psychological and
political retreat from the postwar "roar" of the 1920s.

528. Gilot, Fran<;oise. "Friends and Foes: Pablo Picasso, Henri

Matisse and Fran<;oise Gilot and their Duel About the Spiritual
in Art." Arts and Antiques 7 (October 1990): 122-31,65.
Recounts memories of Matisse's and Picasso's relationship at
the time of the birth of Gilot's second child and the
development of Matisse's sketches for the Virgin and Child,
St. Dominique, and Stations of the Cross for the Vence
Chapel. Brings out Picasso's attitudes toward non-believers
making religious art and Matisse's pleasure in arousing the
younger artist's latent rivalry with him. A slightly revised
version appears as the chapter "The Vence Chapel" in Gilot's
Matisse and Picasso: A Friendship in Art, no. 95.

529. Girard, Xavier. "Claude Fournet: Picasso, Matisse, roman."

Art Press Int. 98 (December 1985): 49.
An interview with Claude Fournet, a writer who is also
director of the Museums of Nice, on his recent books on
Matisse (Matisse Terre-Lumiere) and Picasso (Picasso Terre-
Solei!) and a novel Periplum. The writer claims a common
theme--reflection on the body and words--for all three works
and discusses Matisse's transparency and silence in contrast
with Picasso's corporality and profusion.

530. Girard, Xavier. "L'emerveillement pour le sud." In Matisse,

Ajaccio-Toulouse 1898-1899: une saison de peinture, 19-22.
Cahiers Henri Matisse, 4. Toulouse and Nice, 1986.
A short essay that details the work that Matisse accomplished
in Ajaccio (Corsica) under the spell of light, color,and freedom
186 GENERAL ARTICLES

that he experienced in his first break with his former Parisian

practice.

531. Girard, Xavier. "Matisse Photographies." Art Press 110

(January 1987): 32-33.
A brief summary of the material in Girard's catalogue for the
Matisse: Photographies exhibition held in Nice in 1987;
generously illustrated with Matisse's photographs from Tahiti.

532. Girard, Xavier, and Christian Arthaud. "11 Musee Matisse." In

Henri Matisse, Matisse et l'ltalie, 36-42. Milan: Mondadori,
1987. Exhibition catalogue.
On the occasion of an exhibition in Venice of works from the
Musee Matisse, its director and curator collaborate on abrief
history of the museum and the acquisition of its rich
collection.

533. Glaser, Curt. "Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art (1931): 269-75;

Flam, no. 88, 271-273.
Glaser credits Matisse with providing not only a new style but
a new form of esthetic perception. He has broken the
connection between the law of painting and the laws of reality,
for the painting "recreates the world as image, just as a
metaphor does." Once admired as a revolutionary, Matisse
has become recognized as the keeper of tradition, one that now
incIudes the "Mannerist" works of Matisse's youth. Glaser
asserts that Matisse's work, in the mann er of Courbet and
Renoir, depicts "reality itself." The motif being unimportant,
the artist evokes natural light in the works of the 1920s; these
works take their place beside nature as a parallel, a new,
reality.

534. Golding, John. "Henri Matisse Retrospective." Burlington

Mag. 134, 1077 (December 1992): 833-36.
This thoughtful review is replete with startling judgments
which one considers respectfully from so sensitive an ob server-
practitioner. Golding says, for example, that the second
GENERAL ARTICLES 187

Portrait 0/ Auguste Pellerin (1917) is "arguably the greatest

portrait to have been produced in this century," that Corner 0/
the Artist's Studio (1911) produces a mystical effect-- "Iike
staring at a mandala," that Bathers by a River may have been
the first work where Matisse used cut-paper experiments, and
that the late 1940s paintings manifest a failure in scale and
mtImacy. These are highly individual concIusions that
stimulate a relooking and rethinking of certain aspects of
Matisse's work.

535. Gottlieb, Carla. "The Role of the Window in the Art of

Matisse." Journal 0/ Aesthetics and Art Criticism 22
(Summer 1964): 393-422.
Part of a larger study entitled, The Window in Art, this essay
traces chronologically the artist's formal development of the
window motif and draws out the psychological inferences from
Matisse's particular usage of certain types. The signifying
implications of the placement of the female figure in relation
to the window and the spectator's viewing position are also
considered. The author concludes with an assessment of the
window motif in modernist writings (e.g., Mallarme, Rilke)
and in other twentieth century painting, concIuding that it is a
favorite motif of reflexivity and of ambiguity, connoting both
bridge and barrier, inner and outer, personal and social, escape
and confinement, surface and depth. It also permits the
exploration of what Fry calls the "equivocal nature of
painting" as image (in depth) and object (as surface), one ofthe
driving problematics of modern painting.

536. Grafly, Dorothy. "Matisse Speaks." American Art 12 (June

1948): 50-51+.
A pastiche of material on the Matisse Retrospective in
Philadelphia, general in nature, and ending with the complete
text of Matisse's "Letter to Henry Clifford," which appeared in
the catalogue of the exhibit.
188 GENERALARTICLES

537. Grautoff, Otto. [On Henri Matissel. In Französische Malerei

seit 1914. Munich: Mauritius Verlag, 1921. Flam, no. 88,
190-200.
Author notes areturn to the value of the linear, a kind of
Ingrism, that was present before the War and continues
afterwards, as evidenced in Matisse's post-war mode. The
latter's debt is to Courbet and Degas as much as Ingres,
Grautoff admits, but the general transformation of style is
from "subjective pretensions" to the necessities of the
"ideology of race," that is, a self-conscious espousal of French
traditions and qualities.

538. Greenberg, Clement. "Matisse in 1966," Boston Mus. Bul!.

64, 366 (1966): 66-76.
Greenberg , s thesis is that quality, rather than the logic of a
style or the impulse of continuous originality, is the basis for
the continuity of Matisse's work. Matisse's "touch" is at the
service of his color, of its pure visibility, not of the substance
of the pigment. The activity of Matisse's "thinking eye,"
according to Greenberg, precedes his "slapdash," instinctive
stroke, thus rendering the "issue of spontaneity versus
reflection, beside the point."

539. Greenberg, Clement, "Influences of Matisse." In Henri

Matisse. New York: Acquavella Gallery, Inc., 1973.
Exhibition catalogue. Reprinted in Art Int. 17, 9 (1973): 28-
9.
Greenberg expands his earlier (1966) discussion of Matisse' s
use of an "aerating" painterly touch, important for Rothko and
Avery. He develops the notion of Matisse's "centrifugal"
compositions that expanded on the surface and on out beyond
the margins, breaking with the "cabinet picture" tightness and
centeredness of, for example, Picasso's and Braque's
compositions. This was important for Newman and Still and
in general gave American painters an example of a surface
orientation that kept nothing of the easel picture but the wall
on which it hung. An important synthesis of Greenberg's
GENERAL ARllCLES 189

assessment of Matisse' s impact on American painting from

the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s.

540. Greene, David B. "Consciousness, Spatiality and Pictorial

Space." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 41, 4
(Summer 1983): 375-86.
Perugino's The Delivery of the Keys (1482) and Matisse's
Large Interior in Red (1948) are contrasted as manifesting
Newtonian and post-Newtonian conceptions of space, deriving
from views of consciousness. Sartre's (and Heidegger's)
positions are brought to bear on a elose spatial analysis of the
works.

541. Grohmann, Will. "Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art (1931):

276-78.
Grohmann summarizes what the example of Matisse has
meant to the German art world, representing as he does one
dominant strand of modern art (the other being the intellectual
constructivism of Picasso's Cubism). Matisse has legitimized
the idea of expression within a French context and has
managed to derive a spiritual content from concentration on the
sensuous, the concrete, and the physical. Although a new
strengthening of forms is seen in the post-1927 work, the
paintings of the preceding decade (Iikened by the author to
ancient wail painting) still have a completeness that reflects
humanistic values.

542. Grossmann, R. "Matisse et I' Allernagne." Formes 4 (April

1930): 4.
On the occasion of the Thannhauser Matisse Retrospective of
1930, this artiele, translated from the German, recalls the
rejection of Matisse's work when Purrmann first arranged an
exhibition for hirn in 1909 at the Cassirer Gallery.
Grossmann touts the reformed mentality of the German public
which can now accept Matisse as "a model of order and
harmony." He recalls Matisse's horror, recounted by
Purrmann, at the advertisements for cremations and to his
reaction to the witnessing of one. All this barbarism took
190 GENERAL ARTICLES

place long aga in the Wilhelminian era, the author reassures

uso Astrange article in light of the banishment of Matisse's
art in Germany seven years later and the new barbarisms of the
Nazi era.

543. Gruen, John. "Art Notebook: Pierre Matisse, Master Dealer."

Arch. Digest 43 (April 1986): 100+.
An informative article in which the artist's son, Pierre, speaks
of his father; his gallery artists, Miro, Chagall, and Dubuffet;
and his career as a gallery owner and dealer.

544. Gueguen, Pierre. "Poesie d'Henri Matisse." Cahiers d'art 6,

5-6 (1931): 261-66.
The author recalls naming Marcel Proust's A l'Ombre des
Jeunes Filles en Fleur as an analogue to Matisse's earlier
work, at a time when he had seen only a few Matisse canvases.
After much viewing of Matisse, Gueguen is delighted with
the justness of the comparison, especially with the Nice work
which provides joy through "mystery in full daylight." In spite
of hordes of preuifying Matisse look-alikes in the salons,
Matisse's vehemence and sense of structure keep his decorative
works forceful, yet intimate, and his visions of happiness
disciplined yet vivid.

545. Guichard-Meili, Jean. "Les Odalisques." In XXe Siecle.

Hommage aHenri Matisse, 63-69. Paris: Cahiers d'art, 1970.
Rejecting historical, social, or biographical explanations for
the appearance of Orientalizing odalisques in Matisse's work
around 1918, Guichard-Meili discusses the motif as an avatar
of the universal woman, identified with the line of beauty, the
Arabesque. Finally, however, his discussion is formal:
Matisse is synthesizing elements of his two modes of
working--more realist and more abstract--in the little theatre of
exoticism he has erected in his Nice studio. And this period of
synthesis is itself only "a moment of exceptional plentitude
between two adventures," presumably the pre- and post-Nice
works.
GENERAL ARTICLES 191

546. Hahnloser, Hans. "En Visite Chez Henri Matisse." In Henri

Matisse. Gravures et Lithographies de 1900 a 1929. Pully:
Maison Pullierane, 1970. Exhibition catalogue.
The son of the Swiss collectors, Arthur and Hedy Hahnloser of
Winterthur, and himself a dealer and collector, the author
recalls visits he made with his family to Matisse's apartment
in Nice in 1927 and 1929. Rich in detailed memories, the
account is accompanied by valuable photographs of Matisse
and his studio taken at the time. A long discussion of
Matisse's graphic oeuvre closes the article, as the Hahnlosers
primarily collected Matisse in this medium.

547. Hahnloser, Margrit. "Matisse und seine Sammler." In Henri

Matisse, 41-63. Zürich and Düsseldorf: Kunsthaus Zürich
and Städtische Kunstahalle Düsseldorf, 1982. Exhibition
catalogue.
A general summary of Matisse's early collectors, grouped by
nationality, with material further developed in the author's
contribution to the catalogue: Henri Matisse: Early Years in
Nice, 1986, 69.

548. Hahnloser-Ingold, Margrit. "Collecting Matisses of the

1920s in the 1920s." In Henri Matisse: Early Years in Nice,
1916-1930, 234-74. Washington, D.C.. and New York:
National Gallery of Art and Abrams. 1986, no. 69.
A full description of the international collectors, discussed in
national groups--from the French Paul Guillaume and
Alphonse Kann to the Swiss Hahnlosers and the Danish
Johannes Rump, among many others--who collected Matisse's
contemporary work in the 1920s. A very full account, richly
illustrated with documentary photographs.

549. Halvorson. Walther. "Exposition Braque, Laurens, Matisse.

Picasso a Oslo, Stockholm. Copenhague." Cahiers d'art 12.
6-7 (1937): 218-30.
Author gives anecdotal memories of Braque, Matisse, and
Picasso and remarks that great French painters live the most
192 GENERAL ARTICLES

bourgeois of lives, needing the serenity and lack of

engagement elsewhere--political, mercenary, social--as a means
to devote themselves to the discoveries of the studio. This
articIe is excerpted from the essay in the catalogue for the
exhibition.

550. Hamilton, George Heard, "In Memory of Matisse." Yale

Literary Magazine 123 (Fall 1955): 17-23.
An essay that develops the idea that Matisse's history is not
one that is useful to the history of (modern) art as such nor to
the history of art criticism but to the history of taste. Once
again the fashionable and popular Matisse is contrasted with
the searcher, the experimentalist, the obsessive worker
grounded in Cezanne and Symbolism. The author cIoses with
the Chapel of the Rosary as an example of the intuited
expresssion that informed the artist's use of even conventional
symbols.

551. Händler, Ruth. "Henri Matisse in Marokko, visionen vom

irdischen Glück." Art: das Kunstmagazin 7 (July 1990): 82-
89.
A general treatment of the relation between Matisse's
Moroccan paintings and his affinity for Islamic art. Author
also notes the disappearance of many of these works into
Russian collections.

552. Harris, Frank. "Henri Matisse and Renoir." Contemporary

Portraits. New York: Brentano's, 1923: 134-42.
An extraordinary interview with Matisse in which, at the
beginning of the 1920s, the fifty-year-old painter outlines his
fitness regime, teils his life story with interesting asides,
insists on the connection of his art with life and "mere
beauty." Matisse stresses his debts to Renoir, also an artist
heroic in his devotion to the beauty of young women ("God's
best works") even unto suffering old age. Both Matisse and
Renoir, the author concIudes, endeavored to "make loveliness
immortal."
GENERAL ARTICLES 193

553. Heilmaier. Hans. "Bei Henri Matisse." Kunst 65 (April

1932): 206-209.
An interview with Matisse by a German who seeks hirn out in
his hotel on the Boulevard Montparnasse. Matisse declines
biographical questions but admits his joy in rediscovering his
older works in his recent retrospective exhibitions. The
function of color remains the same in earlier and later works.
Matisse says; only the color range has changed. Matisse
speaks of the roles of Cubism and Fauvism in reacting against
impressonism and form-types as signs drawn from the
inspiration provided by the motif but not imitative of the
motif.

554. "Henri Matisse." Baltimore Mus. News 18 (December 1954):

6-7.
An obituary notice for the artist. some of whose major works
are represented in the museum's collection.

555. "Henri Matisse: 'L'or seul convient pour les cadres ... •
(Unsigned.) Domus 661 (May 1985): 74-75.

Three columns of quotations taken from Dominique Fourcade's

Henri Matisse. Ecrits et propos sur l'art. no. 29. one in Italian
with English translation on the opposite side; in the middle.
another column of pithier quotes in French. one of which is
the title. This is paired with a full-page illustration in colored
pencil by Manuela Bertola entitled. "With Matisse at the
Hotel Regina." showing Matisse working from his bed with
charcoal affixed to his long bamboo stick.

556. Heron. Patrick. "Late Matisse." Modern Painters 6. 1

(Spring 1993): 10-19.
An extended essay. the fruit of over forty years of meditation
on Matisse's work by a painter especially sensitive to color.
on the occasion of the Henri Matisse: a Retrospective
exhibition of 1993. Heron claims that the artist's color
strokes. while declaring the requisite flatness of the picture
plane. are also his vehicle for providing the sensation of depth
194 GENERAL ARTIGES

and volume. The late series of paintings of two women at a

table in front of a window is analyzed in exquisite detail to
demonstrate (but not explain) how Matisse's color alludes to
space, atmosphere, and specific ambiances of light.

557. Hess, Thomas B. "Matisse: a Life of Color." Art News 47

(April 1948): 16-19+.
A broad summary of the artist's life and artistic development,
based on published sources, on the occasion of the Matisse
Retrospective at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1948.

558. Hess, Thomas B. "Matisse: Hedonist Juggler." New York

Mag. 6, 49 (December 3, 1973): 102-103.
A defense of Matisse's work against the perjorative label
"hedonistic."

559. Hilton, Alison. "Matisse in Moscow," Art Journal 29, 2

(Winter 1969-70): 166-73.
An account of Matisse' strip to Moscow in 1911, based
primarily on Russian sources, at that time not translated into
English, especially T. S. Grits and N.I. Khardzhiev, "Matiss v
Moskve," published later in an anthology, Matiss, Moscow,
1958.

560. Hobhouse, Janet. "Odalisques: What Did These Sensuous

Images Really Mean to Matisse?" Connoisseur 217 (January
1987): 60-67. A revised version of this article appeared as a
chapter in The Bride Stripped Bare, The Artist and the Nude in
the Twentieth Century. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
1988, no. 561.
A frank and perceptive appraisal of the content of Matisse's
paintings of odalisques--the quality of their eroticism, their
specular/tactile availability and its limits, the melancholy and
detachment of the models' mood despite their sensual
complacency, and the nature of the artist' s self-projection into
the female images. A woman's and a novelist's perspective
GENERAL ARTICLES 195

which, if not strictly feminist, reflects an unmistakably

feminine viewpoint.

561. Hobhouse, lanet. "Henri Matisse." In The Bride Stripped

Bare, The Artist and the Nude in the Twentieth Century. New
York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.
This is an expanded version of the artic\e on Matisse' s
odalisques that appeared in Connoisseur in 1987 (no. 560). In
her book, Hobhouse deals, chronologically, with with a
broader selection of Matisse's nudes, beginning with the Blue
Nude, Souvenir of Biskra of 1908 and inc\uding the late paper
cut-outs. Also discussed are certain of the artist's sculptures.
The approach remains the same as the earlier version and
includes much of its text verbatim.

562. Hofmann, Wem er. "Das Irdische Paradies." In Henri Matisse,

Das Goldene Zeitalter, 95-114. Bielefeld: Bielefeld Kunsthalle,
1981. Exhibition catalogue.
Hofmann revisits the ideas in the chapter of the same name
from his book, Das Irdische Paradies. Motive und Ideen des 19.
lahrnunderts (Munich: 1960 and 1974) in which he discusses
the theme of paradise as a pi ace of ease and luxury in the work
of artists such as Ingres, Couture, Feuerbach, Manet, Marees,
Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin, and Matisse. He traces its roots in
romantic thinking and Saint-Simonism, among other ideas and
follows its variations among the artists he discusses. An
erudite article on the history and embodiment of an idea that in
modem times is partially an escape and partially an answer to
certain aspects of social reality.

563. Hohl, Reinhold. "Matisse und Picasso." In Henri Matisse,

26-40. Zürich and Düsseldorf: Kunsthaus Zürich and
Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1982. Exhibition catalogue.
An extended essay on the mutual influence of Matisse and
Picasso on each other but particularly that of Matisse on the
younger artist. Hohl skilfully draws on the interactions
between the rivals, from biographical and anecdotal sources, to
suggest, among other things, that the divergence between
196 GENERAL ARTICLES

Picasso's structural-cubist mode and Matisse's decorative-

colorist mode be fore the war disappeared during and after
World War I. Each artist then freely appropriated each other's
discoveries, each developing new ways of working that
incorporated all the pre-war strategies. Hohl points especially
to Picasso' s 1930s paintings of Marie-Therese Walter, his
sculptures of her, the references to Matisse in 1954 etchings,
the Algerian women series of odalisques begun after Matisse's
death, and Picasso' s flat "Toles Sculpture" from 1954 as
instances of his enrichment from thinking of Matisse. A
comprehensive, scholarly, and clever discussion of the
admiring competition between the two men.

564. "Hornage to Matisse." Yate Literary Magazine 123 ( Fall

1955). Contributions by Alfred H. Barr, Jr., Marcel
Duchamp, George Heard Hamilton, George Kirgo, Jacques
Lipshitz, Leonid Massine, Darius Milhaud, Henri Peyre, Alice
B. Toklas, and Frank Anderson Trapp. See summaries under
individual names.

565. Hoppe, Ragnar. "Pli Visit Hos Matisse [My Visit with
Matissel." Städer och Konstnärer Resebrev och Essäer om
Konst. Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 1931. (Original
interview 1919.) Flam, no. 88, 171-74; Flam, no. 28. 73-77.
An important post-World War I interview with Matisse in
which he explains the rationale for his change in style and
goals in the works he is currently exhibiting (May 1919) at
Bernheim Jeune. The artists speaks of the hygiene of change,
of the danger of mannerism in his previous mode, and of a
desire for a new synthesis of his acquired technical means.

566. Hoppe, Ragnar. "Fran Matisse till Segonzac." In Städer och

Konstnärer Resebrev och Essäer om Konst, 200-225.
Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 1931. Original article
1930.
A general survey of modern French art that includes, besides
Matisse, the School of Paris painters Derain, Utrillo, Picasso,
Braque, and Leger. Seven works by Matisse reproduced.
GENERAL ARTICLES 197

567. Hunecker, James B. "Matisse, Picasso, and Others." In The

Pathos 0/ Distance, 125-56. New York: Scribner & Sons,
1913.
A collection of essays which first appeared as reviews in the
New York Sun. Hunecker, a music critic, uses analogies with
Wagner and Strauss to suggest that fashions change, the
shocking becoming familiar and, later, even classic. The
review of Matisse' s second show at Stieglitz' s Little Galleries
of the Photo-Secession finds Matisse a powerful, if
unconventional, draughtsman; his painting is considered more
artificial and sterile. By the time of the 1912 Autumn Salon,
Matisse looks more legible than the Cubists, and his sound
education stands hirn in good stead. At the Post-Impressionist
Exhibition in London, "Matisse is at his best"--especially in
those decorative panels that include his Dancers, either as main
event or as background for a still life. Conversation is
considered, however, grotesque and risible.

568. Hunecker, James B. "The Melancholy of Masterpieces." In

Ivory Apes and Peacocks, 249-61. New York: Scribner &
Sons, 1915.
These occasional pieces for the New York Sun include a
meditation on masterpieces, their unsurpassability and their
life in the past. Matisse is included as a contemporary wlth
the "skill and originality" to paint fresh masterpieces one day,
though presently he is too involved in playing magician and
"exploding firecrackers on the front stoop of the Institute."
Still, he is master of "line, decoration, of alluring rythms";
much is expected of hirn.

569. Huyghe, Rene. "Matisse et La Couleur." Formes 1 (January

1930): 5-11. Plam, no. 88,251-54.
The author develops the idea that Matisse uses color as an
"instrument of truth, of expression, and of harmony." He
posits amiddie ground for Matisse, similar to an artist like
Ingres, between realist art and the art of pure creation. They
draw plastic harmonies from the resources of reality, but,
unlike Rembrandt and Delacroix, for example, they do not
198 GENERAL ARTIClES

force the real to translate a "state of soul, a reality of a different

order." Matisse's color genius offers hues that do not retinally
fade, irritate, or" grow stale; they remain fresh with prolonged
viewing and rebound from the canvas surface Iike a tennis ball
off its racket. The essay ends with praise of Matisse's
"French" faculties: "a balance of gifts in which French art
recognizes itself: subtIe sensibility, attentive to the sensations
by which reality enriches itself--but always lucid, the control
of the mi nd (esprit) giving to the emotion not a fugitive
quality but a surety, a certainty, analogous to those that a
definite method would produce."

570. Huyghe, Rene. "Matisse." Le Point 4. 21 (July 1939): 102-

103.
A short treatment of Matisse's color which summarizes the
points made a decade earlier in his article of 1930 in Formes,
"Matisse et la Couleur." Although Fauvist color arises from
youthful intensity and violence, Matisse's color does not--it
maintains "an exquisite and refined impassablity," a matter of
intelligence over raw instinct. Matisse partially objects to tbis
judgment in his interview with W. 1. Howe in 1949, insisting
that passion motivates his work. Huyghe notes that Matisse's
surfaces remain planar and reflective (no ilIusionistic light-
absorbing cavity); light bounces brilliantly off the colored
surface into the viewer's space, again, like a ball off a racquet.
Colors support each other's differences, rather than clash,
creating a harmony of oppositions, not a dissonance.

571. Jacobus, John. "An Art of Chamber-Music Proportions." Art

News 72 (November 1973): 74-76.
Reviewing a mainly "mid-career" exhibition of Matisse
paintings at the Acquavella Galleries, Jacobus mounts an early
discussion/defense of Matisse's early Nice period works.
Situating them knowledgeably in the context of the 1920s
Dada/Surrealist vs. Art Deco/School of Paris axes, Jacobus
calls these "chamber-music" easel paintings "the necessary
complement and indeed completion of his oeuvre" which must
GENERAL ARllCLES 199

be valued for their own qualities rather than devalued for what
they do not attempt.

572. ledlicka, Gotthard. "Begegnungen mit Matisse." In

Begegnungen, Künstlernovellen. Basel: Benno Schwabe &
Co., 1933. Reprinted in Begegnungen mit Künstlern der
Gegenwart. Erlenbach-Zurich: Eugen Rentsch, 1945. Fr.
trans. in Dominique Fourcade, "Autres Propos." Macula I
(1976). FIam, no. 28, 97- 103.
An interview with Matisse in 193 I that provides a valuable
description of Matisse's working methods, the artist being
eager to explain the continuity (the "essential substance") in
his work that remains despite his various styles that are to be
seen at his current retrospective at the Georges Petit Gallery
in Paris. Valuable first-person testimony to the artist's own
view of his work at this critical juncture, just after accepting
the Barnes Foundation Mural commission and completing his
trip to Tahiti.

573. ledlicka, Gotthard. "Max Liebermann über die Malerei von

Matisse." In Begegnungen mit Liebermann, (1928). Reprinted
in Begegnungen mit Künstlern der Gegenwart. 3 Auflage.
Erlenbach-Zürich: Eugen Rentsch, 1945.
An anecdote on the elderly Liebermann's fulminations against
Matisse and Picasso, which he softens when reminded that
only time will sort the great, the historically important, artists
from the lesser.

574. ledlicka, Gotthard. "Matisse - Picasso - Braque." Werk 32,4

(April 1945): 124-28.
The author reviews the usual contrasts between Matisse and
Picasso--that the former is c1assic, the latter romantic, the
former an emotive, the latter an intellectual, and so on. But
ledlicka complicates the post-war scenario by c1aiming that
Picasso has become more Spanish over the years and is no
competition for Matisse as one who extends French painting
traditions. He also claims Braque as the first Cubist and
Vlaminck and Derain as the first Fauves. ledlicka concludes
200 GENERAL ARTICLES

his remarks by cIaiming Braque as areal rival to Matisse for

epitomizing French traditons, as his work exudes a French
calm and self-effacement in front of nature, while Matisse's
oeuvre is too troubled and tense to be authentically cIassical.

575. Jodidio, P. "Special USA [Nous avons rencontre une douzaine

de personnes les plus influentes du monde des arts plastiques]:
Pierre et Maria Matisse." Connaissance arts 420 (February
1987): 62-63.
Profile of the artist's son and his career as an art dealer,
especially in the period of hegemony of American painters,
that is, in the 1960s and 1970s.

576. Jouffroy, Alain. "Le Rayon Vert de Matisse." Opus Int. 33

(March 1977): 14-19.
Sensitive reflection on the collage format of Aragon's Matisse:
Roman and its lack of cIosure as an interpretive strategy.
Reflects on the "feminine" aspects of Matisse's total oeuvre
(and of Breton's and Aragon's incidentally).

577. Jouhandeau, Marcel. "Esquisses." Nouvelle rev. deux mondes

5 (1979): 384-93.
A set of short anecdotal reminiscences by the writer about
various personalities he has known. The note on Matisse is
very short: Couturier reported Matisse's comment when asked
if he [Matisse] had the faith. Matisse's indirect reply--on
having been exigent with himself all his life--Jouhandeau finds
exemplary: to equate the concern for perfection with religion.

578. Kaiserslautern, Pfalzgalerie. Matisse und seine deutchen

Schüler, 1988. Exhibition catalogue.
A catalogue with entries more on the students than on the
teacher, Matisse, but necessarily providing information about
the master's pedagogic methods and the attitudes of young
Germans to their Parisian experience.
GENERAL ARTICLES 201

579. Kandinsky, Vasily. [On Matissel. In Concerning the Spritual

in Art [1912], 17-18. Eng. trans. New York: Dover, 1977.
A short passage on Matisse which acknowledges Matisse's
contribution to the developments in modern art, noting that
Matisse "has impressionism in his blood," and that, though
"refined, gourmandizing" in the French manner, his work
attains transcendance.

580. Katz, Leon. "Matisse, Picasso, and Gertrude Stein." In Four

Americans in Paris, The Collections of Gertrude Stein and her
Family, 50-63. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1970.
A seminal article on Stein and her two artist-friends by a writer
who has studied the American writer's early works in depth and
is thoroughly familiar with her notebooks. Stein, of course,
relinquished her friendship with Matisse in favor of her
identification with and loyalty to Picasso.

581. Kerber, O. "Henri Matisse: Ausbau des Perspektiven Raumes."

Vol. II of Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten im Bereich
der Kunstgeschichte. Giessen, West Germany: Wilhelm
Schmitz, 1982.
The second in a set of paperback volumes on modern art, the
first being completely on late nineteenth-century German
artists who might be termed Expressionist. The Matisse
volume is an overview of Matisse's work, with emphasis on
his German connnections; for example, there is significant
reference to his German students such as Hans Purrmann and a
section dedicated to "Matisse and Rilke." The text, which
traces Matisse's use of space, is fairly rudimentary and offers
little new but the German perspective of the author. The
selection of drawings and prints are good, but the color plates
are badly distorted in hue.

582. Kirgo, George. "Me and Matisse." Yale Literary Magazine

123 (Fall 1955): 25-27.
A humorous fiction about a young man' s discovery of Matisse
through his father (who had met the artist after World War I),
202 GENERAL ARTICLES

his eventual accidental purehase of a Matisse drawing, and its

loss to an importunate friend. A slight but amusing essay.

583. Klein, John. "Three New Books on Matisse." [Review Article

on Schneider's, Elderfield's, and Monod-Fontaine's 1984 texts
on Matisse]. Art Journal 45,4 (Winter 1985): 359-67.
This meticulous review of three major recent (1984) books on
Matisse, Schneider's Matisse , no. 157, Elderfield's The
Drawings of Matisse, no. 230, and Monod-Fontaine's The
Sculpture of Matisse, no. 180, summarizes their major theses,
lauds the new scholarship and insights they bring to Matisse
studies, and raises appropriate questions on specific isssues.
Klein questions Schneider's literal and often uncontextualized
use of Matisse's own words to verify the artist's intentions as
weil as the resolutely ahistorical approach which misses some
important factual data that alter interpretations. An assiduous
reviewer, Klein points out a number of factual errors and
corrects misstatements where necessary.

584. Klein, John. "Matisse et I'autoportrait: Demarche individuelle

et relation avec le public." In Henri Matisse: Autoportraüs.
Le Cateau: Musee Matisse, 1988. Exhibition catalogue.
Klein's essay on Matisse's self-portraits accompanies a
catalogue rich in previously unpublished drawings. The author
is cognizant of the public use to which self-portraits can be
put in terms of promotion and self-representation, thus the
public use of the works is always noted and analysed. The
private drawings, often bordering on the caricatural, are more
intimate moments of self-construction or self-confrontation.
The author expands on these ideas in his dissertation, "Henri
Matisse, Portraits and Self-Portraits" of 1990, no. 119.

585. Kramer, Hilton. "Matisse Triumphant: Who Was the Greatest

Painter of the Twentieth Century?" Art and Antiques
(February 1987): 91, 93.
On the occasion of the exhibition of Matisse's Early Nice
Paintings at the National Gallery of Art, Kramer uses these
often-disparaged paintings to make the claim that they, along
GENERAL ARTICLES 203

with the artist's more abstract works, demonstrate the career-

long quality and exploration of feeling that makes one consider
Matisse the greatest painter of the century.

586. Kronsky, Betty. "The Psychology of Art, Traveling as an

Artist, Part 11." American Artist 49, 513 (April 1985): 28-
29, 78-79+.
A psychotherapist discusses the anxieties of travel and the
concomitant opportunities for creative stimulation as they
affect artists. Author uses Paul Klee's and Henri Matisse's
travel journals and letters to illustrate her observations. She
discusses "loss of ego-boundaries" in unfamiliar sites and the
artists' final breakthroughs to "peak [creative] experiences"
after their respective North African trips. Somewhat
simplistic advice to artists is appended.

587. Kunio, Motoe. "Morocco no Matisse: yuwaku no Tangier-

hikari wo toko kara [Matisse in Morocco: Temptation of
Tangiers, Light Shines from the East]," Mizue 956 (Autumn
1990): 34-50. In Japanese, summary in English.
Traces Matisse's use of limpid blues and the introduction of
the goldfish bowl in combination with nudes as a sign of
sensuality as commencing with his visits to Morocco.

588. Kuspit, Donald. "Conflicting Logics: Twentieth Century

Studies at the Crossroads." Art Bult. 69 (March 1987): 117-
132.
In a general analysis of current approaches to art history , the
author contrasts the informational/objective/cIosed approach of
Golding's "Matisse and Cubism (1978)" to the
multidimensionall experientiall open approach of Pleynet's
"Matisse's System (1984)." This is followed by parallel
comparisons: Kermit Champa's approach to Mondrian
(Mondrian Studies, 1985) with that of Pleynet (Painting and
Cubism, 1985) and the laUer with that of Golding's. Kuspit
favors a deconstructionist opening of the interpretive field over
"traditional," "positivist," or "perceptual" art history but
decries the tendency for all of the new approaches to aspire to
204 GENERAL ARllCLES

"control of the canon." Kuspit's own favored approach is a

psychoanalytic one on the model of Peter Gay's historical
studies, arguing that such an approach alone is able to
reci)ßcile the new tendencies in the discipline, to preserve the
aesthetic dimension of art while giving full attention to the
extra-aesthetic, and to investigate the deep structures of
creativity and viewer response to art works.

589. Kuspit, Donald. "Ducharnp, Matisse, and Psychological

Originality: the End of Creative Imagination." New Art
Examiner 20,9 (May 1993): 16-19.
The author proposes a psychoanalytic critique of Duchamp's
anti-physical, anti-imaginative stance (physical, expressive,
imaginative art having been embodied in Matisse's fauvist
works). Duchamp's attitude, according to Kuspit, was a
reaction of disgust and fear to the bodily, the creative, the
expressively meaningful and has resuIted in an
impoverishment of the value of art and of the world of objects.
If Duchamp's famous irony and intellectual detachment are
here seen as anxiety, failure and "coldness," his opposite in
engagement and originality is Matisse.

590. Kuspit, Donald. "The Process of Idealisation of Women in

Matisse's Art." In Signs of Psyche in Modern and
Postmodern Art, 18-41. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1993.
A thoroughgoing analysis of the psychological implications of
Matisse's practice of dematerializing his female figures,
stripping them--through generalizing abstraction and
flattening--of their bodily materiality and sexual specificity.
The defensive actions of Matisse are related by the author to
the special place in Matisse's life of his mother, who in
giving hirn color(s) gave hirn art as a means of escaping the
law of the father and of utilizing his own feminine gifts. A
most persuasive demonstration of Freudian analysis by an art
historian totally at ease in psychoanalytic theory.
GENERAL ARTICLES 205

591. Landolt, Hanspeter. "Henri Matisse." In Henri Matisse

Retrospective, 1890-1946. Lucerne: Musee des Beaux-Arts,
1949. Exhibition catalogue.
An essay that balances Matisse's Frenchness with his
internationalism, that is, his offer of universal art that is not a
"welfare stunt" for "all people" but an accessible "means of
grace" that transcends nationalities. Landolt says that Matisse
dances on the abyss of sharp contradictions: tradition and
innovation, refinement and the elementaI. northern and
mediterranean, occidental and oriental, intellectual abstraction
and sensual figuration. The mediation between these opposites
is difficult, but Matisse's solutions respect and preserve both
alternatives and maintain the questions and tensions between
them. An elegantly rhetorical homage to the artist.

592. Larson, Philip. ""Matisse and the Exotic." Arts Mag. 49,9
(May 1975): 72-73.
Larson sees the "remoteness and artificiality" of Matisse's
odalisques and orientalized Nice interiors as an extension of the
"romantic-allegorical tradition" of the previous century.
Matisse's interest in the Islamic was as much a matter of taste
as style: he collected Islamic objects and made use of them in
all stylistic periods of his career. More often he utilized the
abstractable arabesque patterns of Moorish inspiration rather
than a regularized evenly-dispersed pattern, because the former
evoked movement and rhythm. A concise article that touches--
without extended development--many key aspects of the topic .

593. "Last of a Master [Obit]." Life 37 (December 13, 1954): 42-

44.
Photos of Matisse's funeral, color photo of his studio;
minimal text.

594. Laude, Jean. "Les 'Ateliers' de Matisse." In La Sociologie

d'art et sa vocation interdisciplinaire, 1972.
Laude takes up this theme, the studio, with its attendent
motifs of the window and French door, in Matisse's work,
206 GENERAL ARTICLES

where it is often explored in periods of tension, either artistic

or personal. As a motif where specifically artistic problems
are worked out, it also bespeaks aspace that is essentially
social, where the artist's whole enterprise in society is
legitimated. Laude's very rich article examines how motifs
(studio, window) are elaborated problematics about painting
itelf--its relation to the model or nature, to space and time, to
the painter, etc. The studio is the site of the "painter-at-work";
the painting is the site of "the work of the painting," which is
the viewer' s work.

595. Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude. "Les Textes du peintre." Critique

30, 324 (May 1974): 400-33; reprinted in Zig zag. Paris:
F1ammarion, 1981.
This ambitious and searching essay covers much ground.
First, it reviews Jack Flam's Matisse on Art (1973), no. 27,
and Dominque Fourcade's Henri Matisse; Ecrits et propos sur
['art (1972), no. 29; it essays a semiologic-linguistic analysis
of Matisse's writings as a whole, pointing to their gaps,
contradictions, and distanciations, while doing the same for the
paintings themselves. In the latter the distancing is between
the object and the artist's sensation of it, between the
sensation and the artist's representation of it, between the
intimacy of identification and the construction by surface and
color. Lebensztejn's central section is on color, grouped under
the three new roles given it by Matisse: the auto-referentiality
of pure color, which brings in its train the rejection of
iIIusionistic references to real objects; the transpositional value
of color in which each hue takes its function only from its
relation to others: black, for example, able to function as light
in certain works, or the relation of blue to green is able to
substitute for that of biack to white in particular
circumstances. Like a linguistic sign, color signifies
syntagmatically. The nature of a color is also conditioned by
its amount: quantity determines quality. Third, color is
constructive and ultimately merges with "drawing" in the
creation of surface, of an expanding, all-over visual field that
spills over the limits of the literal canvas. That Matisse's
work tests the limits of painting, and the limits of art itself, is
GENERAL ARllCLES 207

the overriding theme of the essay, too complex in its argument

to summarize here. A very important, seminal article.

596. Lebovici, Elizabeth, and Philippe Peltier. "Lithophanies de

Matisse." Cahiers Musee national d'art moderne 49 (Autumn
1994): 5-37.
An article acutely aware of its methodology in examining the
ubiquitous practice of Matisse (especially between 1908 and
1918) of grattage: scraping, scratchng, abrading, scumbling,
scarring the surface of his paintings. "Lithophany" refers to
the translucid effect that results from inequality of thickness of
surface covering. The authors turn this practice about,
questioning the way it functions as a negation of reading, as
punctuation, as merging and distinguishing, as concealing and
revealing, as flattening and layering in depth, as adding by
subtracting. The psychological implication of irrition, of
itching an irritated "skin" of paint or canvas, of scratching to
arrousal or to self-effacement, of scarification and incising of
the skin: the pathology of this is considered. The non-
signature aspect of the gesture is examined as it differs so from
one work to another, being without system or consistency.
An extremely subtle and extended meditation on this painterly
(anti-pictorial) practice of Matisse, occasioned by viewing the
Matisse Exhibition at the Centre Pompidou in Spring of
1993.

597. Lejard, Andre. "Necessite de Matisse." In Problemes de la

peinture, edited by Gaston Diehl. Paris: Confluences, 1945.
This article strongly opposes the call for historically relevant
or readable painting by arguing for the autonomy of art, its
intrinsic relation to its epoch that cannot be forced, and the
necessity for a periodic purgation of false ends and methods.
Matisse, according to Lejard, has been instrumental in this
purification, aligning art to the medieval sensibility where
color is again independent and illusionistic space absent.
Matissc's recent works open up immense possiblities for a
new monumental art, marked by a simplicity, force, and clarity
that will reverse the divorce between art and the public.
208 GENERAL ARTICLES

598. Lemassier, J. "Comment peignaient les grandes peintres:

Matisse." Peintures, Pigments, Vemis (1961): 725-30.
In aseries of articles on great painters, the author defines
painting as "essentially a surface coloration," whether this
color is delivered by oil paint, cut-out paper, pastels, or
tempera. Instead of the technical discussion the title promises,
however, the author simply assembles brief, undated
statements on Matisse's painting by Matisse himself and by
various authors (not all favorable).

599. Leroy, Fran~oise. "Matisse Tout Entier." Esprit 2 (February

1986): 25-35.
A meditation of Pierre Schneider's book, Matisse (1984), in
which the author attempts to analyse and explicate the thesis
of Schneider's text: the "sacred" in the artist's work,
particularly in his subjects. The latter include that of the
Dance, Music, of the Golden Age, of Sacred Conversation, and
of light itself as subject wh ich, like medieval artists, Matisse
uses to lead the viewer "from the visible to discover there the
manifestation of the invisible." The author discusses the
dialectic, or dualism. found in Matisse's personality, which is
generative in the artist's procedures, and of the role of
memory. Leroy, familiar with certain theological concepts,
makes quite penetrating observations that enhance and expand
the ideas of Schneider.

600. Leveque, Jean-Jacques. "Matisse." Le Arti 7-8 (July-August

1967): 12-33; also in French as "Connaitre la peinture:
Matisse," Galerie des Arts 44 (May 1967) I: 16-25; 45 (June
1967) 11: 16-25.
A lavishly illustrated general treatment of the whole of
Matisse's career and artistic development, primarily in
painting; synoptic in method and utilizing published sources.
Text in Italian.

601. Levinson, Andre. "Les Soixante Ans de Henri Matisse." L'Art

vivant 6, 121 (January 1930): 24-28.
GENERAL ARTICLES 209

Levinson, primarily a literature and dance critic, responds to

Florent Fels's monograph on Matisse of 1929, wh ich extols
Matisse' s reputation and talent as manifested in his 1920s
work. Levinson forcefully reminds his readers that Matisse's
farne rightfully rests on his 1905-1917 formal innovations,
and it is these latter which allow one to claim that Matisse has
altered the course of twentieth-century art. Matisse's great
contribution, according to Levinson, was to free color from its
function as descriptive local color and to fuse the abstract and
monumental qualities of decorative wall painting with easel
pamtmg. The 1920s work, though pleasing, in no way
contributes to the transformation of pictorial values as
Matisse's earlier works did.

602. Levy, Rudolf. "Matisse," followed by Marcel Sembat's

"Henri-Matisse." Genius 2 (1920): 186-196.
An affectionate reminiscence of the pre-war days in Paris by a
former student of Matisse acts as preface to the German
translation of Marcel Sembat's essay that appeared in his
monograph, Henri Matisse et son oeuvre, Paris, 1920, no.
159.

603. Lewis, Wyndham. "Art Chronicle." Criterion 3,9 (October

1924): 107-13.
Highly critical comments on Matisse ("very circumscribed,
thin, gay, chic") and his painting, La Dame aux Capucines
(sic), within a review of the folio, Living Art, printed in
Berlin for The Dial , Ganymed Press, 1923.

604. Leymarie, Jean. "The Painting of Matisse." In Henri Matisse

Retrospective, 9-18. Los Angeles: University of California.
Los Angeles, 1966. Exhibition catalogue, no. 129.
Leymarie's "The Painting of Matisse" offers a complete
summary of the artist's development which acknowledges his
debt to Cezanne and Neo-Impressionism, deals judiciously
with his relation to Cubism, has some interesting insights on
his transformation of "exotic" sources, and gives full analysis
to the formal strength of the paintings of the 1940s. "In an era
210 GENERAL ARllCLES

of confusion and anxiety, which so many artists inevitably

echo in their work," Leymarie concludes, "Matisse adopts a
compensatory vision of 'balance and purity,' restores the
Olympian worship of happiness, ... the pagan poet of light-
without-shade."

605. Leymarie, Jean. "Les Deux horizons d'Henri Matisse." In

XXe Siede. Hommage a Henri Matisse, 23-30. Paris: Cahiers
d'art, 1970.
An insightful summary of Matisse' s efforts between 1913 and
1925. After Matisse dematerialized color (working from 1913
in tandem with Cubism's explorations of space), according to
the author, he moved to convert color to light. Leymarie
notes that the so-called early Nice period lasted less than a
decade, being effectively over by 1925, and was less realist
than it is often portrayed.

606. Lhote, Andre. "Exposition Matisse." Nouvelle rev. franraise

70 (July 1919). FIam, no. 88, 175-79.
A not unappreciative critique of Matisse's new post-war mode
in which the artist is faulted nevertheless for too passive a
receptivity to nature, too great a reliance on visual perception
and sensibility, too much public-pleasing nonchalance.
However much a corrective was needed against the pre-war
willfulness and conscious overthrow of values, Lhote would
like to see the adoption of a balanced technique rather than
Matisse's subjective, process-oriented works.

607. Lhote, Andre. "Notes." Nouvelle rev.franraise (April 1923).

FIam, no. 88, 215-16.
An admiring description and evaluation of Matisse's latest
works at Bernheim Jeune in which he savors the "light
scumbles and sweeping glazes" of the artist's current
technique, one which brings out "the mystery in things," as
did Rimbaud and, in a different way, Gauguin. Answers the
criticism that the works lack the weight of real paintings, by
stopping in front of the large canvas Tea (1919), noting that
it is "more than a sketch, if not quite a painting." It is a
GENERAL ARllCLES 211

necessary skirmish, Lhote predicts, on the eve of a future

battle to produce major work.

608. Lhote, Andre. "For or Against Henri Matisse." Chroniques

dujour 9 (April 1931): 3.
A short note in which Lhote makes two points: that Matisse
and Bonnard are the two contemporaries who fullly understand
color and that Matisse, by bringing intelligence back to
painting, is owed much by Cubism.

609. Lhote, Andre. "Matisse et la purete" (written in 1939). In

Peinture d'abord, 74-77. Paris, 1942. Reprinted in Andre
Lhote. Ecrits sur La peinture. Collection: Temoinages. Paris
and Brussels: Aux Editions Lumiere, 1946.
Lhote asserts there is no progress in painting, only the
evolution of different manners where good qualities of the past
may be left behind in favor of other qualities being developed.
Painting acquisitions are not additive; they cannot be
accumulated nor synthesized into a new unity. Matisse's work
demonstrates that renunciation of acquired techniques is
necessary when new objectives are sought. The only progress
is to be found in the artist's becoming more and more himself.

610. Liberman, Alexander. "The Fauve Generation: Matisse." In

The Artist in His Studio, 20-24; photos: plates 21-30. New
York: Studio, Viking, 1960.
A photo-essay on Matisse with so me telling photographs of
the artist in his studio, crammed with interesting accessories.
Liberman has an extremely perceptive verbal portrait of the
man and artist that accompanies his visual portraits; he
compares Matisse to Baudelaire, the "poet of intellectual
escape ... able to transform visions into sensual form."

611. Linker, Kate. "Matisse and the Language of Signs." Arts

Mag. 49 (May 1975): 76-78.
An important essay that links Matisse' s symbolist,
Mallarmean references and usage of "signs" to their linguistic
212 GENERAL ARTICLES

and structuralist counterparts. The author discusses fully the

difference between language, with its fixed signs, and the
wholly contextual meaning of signs generated by shape, color,.
and interval. Evocation, analogy, equivalents, rapport, ellipses
are the key terms in Linker's subtle discussion of Matisse's
developing sophistication and self-awareness in the invention
and deployment of signs--signs that dissolve the limits
between subject and object, artist and viewer.

612. Linker, Kate. "Meditations on a Goldfish Bowl, Autonomy

and Analogy in Matisse." Artforum 19,2 (October 1980): 65-
73.
An extraordinary essay on the figuring (in the literary sense) of
objects in Matisse's oeuvre. Matisse's usage of the goldfish
bowl, windowed and mirrored interiors, curved space, and
dancers are examined as metaphors for the self-containment and
self-reflexiity of modern art (Proust, Poe. and Mallarme being
the literary counterparts). An important essay.

613. Loring, John. "Notes on a Purity of Means." Arts Mag. 49

(May 1975): 64-65.
On Matisse's love, as a printmaker and book illustrator, for the
simplest techniques (linocuts, etchings) and most reduced
means (unadorned line).

614. "Luxury, Calm and Voluptuousness." Life 38 (January 2,

1950): 59.
A single sheet on Matisse, and his reception in the V.S.,
within a longer article on the Armory Show of 1913.

615. Luzzato, Guido L. "11 Giudizio di Hans Purrmann sui Maestri

Francesi." Commentari 11 (1960): 284-96.
A review article of the book of Purrmann's collected writings,
Hans Purrmann, An Hand seiner Erzählungen, Schriften und
Briefe, in which the German painter recalls and reiterates his
debts to Cezanne and Matisse, his two "teachers." Luzzato
acknowledges Purrmann's role in bringing these lessons back
GENERAL ARllCLES 213

to Germany and giving testimony, by his works and by his

writings, to the tradition assimilated in Paris in his youth.

616. Lyman, John. "Matisse as a Teacher." Studio 176 (July

1968): 2-3.
A reminiscence by a Canadian painter who attended Matisse's
studio in 1909 and maintained contact with hirn in the I 920s.
Some valuable observations on the artist's habits at these
times.

617. Lyons, Lisa. "Matisse: Works, 1914-1917." Arts Mag. 49

(May 1975): 74-75.
One of the rare attempts to assess Matisse's exploration of
"cubist" devices in relation to his friendship with Juan Gris
during the First World War.

618. P. M. "11 Film su Matisse." La Biennale di Venezia 26

(December 1955): 44-45.
Brief description of the 1946 film on Matisse by Fran<;:ois
Campaux and the circumstances of its making.

619. MacChesney, Clara T. "A Talk with Matisse, Leader of Post-

Impressionism [written in 1912]." New York Times (March
9, 1913). Flarn, no. 28, 64-69.
A valuable interview with Matisse in his Issy-Ies-Moulinaux
horne and studio by an Arnerican painter. Matisse patiently
discusses his education, his painting rnethods, his intentions,
and his admired models from Western and Eastern art. He ends
with the farnous plea that the interviewer tell her Arnerican
audience about the normaIcy of his life as a private citizen.
An extremely important interview, in spite of the cheerful
limitations of the interviewer.

620. Mai, Ekkehard. "Künstlerateliers als Kunstprogramm--

Werkstatt heute." Kunstwerk 37 (June 1985): 7-44.
An article on artists' ateliers, focusing especially on fuH-page
photographs of conternporary German artists in their studios.
214 GENERAL ARTICLES

Abrief history of artists' workplaces is given, drawn from

paintings of artists in their studios. Matisse' s studio is
described from Alexander Liberman's photographs and praised
for the integrated individuality that it demonstrates, in contrast
to the more impersonal studios of (successful) contemporary
artists who may keep a loft in New York, one in Berlin, a
horne elsewhere. Often the modern studio is more like a
factory, adapted to the use of assistants and heavy work.

621. Mai, Ekkehard. "Alte Künstler--Junge Kunst, zur Avantgarde

der 'Späten Jahre'." Kunstwerk 39,2 (April 1986): 6-20.
An artic1e on the late works of older artists in which Matisse
is compared to Bonnard; the former initiating new extroverted
decorative works, the latter deepening his habitual modes and
themes. An essay of general insight on the "problem" of
creativity in old age which dissolves as such when one looks
at the actual late works of Monet, Cezanne, Picasso, Matisse,
Bonnard, Kandinsky, Balthus, or Bacon. Not much focus on
Matisse, who is dealt with almost in passing.

622. Marcel, Philippe. "Henri Matisse." Art d'aujourd'hui (Spring/

Summer 1924): 33-47.
Pseudonymous essay by Adolphe Basler which appeared again
under his own name in Cicerone, November 1924, no. 377;
in Henri Matisse (Leipzig: 1924); "Junge Kunst," 46; and in
La Peinture independante en France, J929. Vol. 2.
Coauthored by Basler and Charles Kunstler.

623. Marchiori, Giuseppe. "Le Retour de Matisse." In XXe Siede:

Hommage Cl Henri Matisse, 3-20. Paris: Cahiers d'art, 1970.
An extended review of Matisse's career at the time of the
Centenary Exhibit at the Grand Palais in 1970. Author calls
the painter a "revolutionary" leading anormal life that has
masked his important contributions to modern art; these may
be greater than that of Picasso. No new research.

624. Martin, Jean-Hubert, and Carole Naggar. "Paris-Moscou,

artistes et trajets d'avant-garde." In Paris-Moscou, 15-39.
GENERAL ARTICLES 215

Moscow and Paris: Ministry of Culture of the USSR and

Centre Georges Pompidou, 1979. Exhibition catalogue.
Although introduced with a rare period photo of Matisse in
Shchukin's horne with an unidentified child on his lap during
his 1911 visit to Russia, this informative general artiele on
French-Russian artistic interrelations before the Revolution of
1917 ineludes Matisse fairly peripherally. It is, however, rich
in period photographs of Shchukin's and Morosov's hornes
(and their art collections in situ) and provides a rich contextual
account of the cultural interchange of which Matisse was a
significant part.

625. Martin, Paule. "11 Mio Maestro Henri Matisse." La Biennale

di Venezia 26 (December 1955): 6-8.
An important reminiscence by the young artist who was
Matisse's studio assistant from 1949.

626. Masheck, Joseph. "Albert Ryder, Roger Fry, and Henri

Matisse, with Gertrude Stein and Theodore Roosevelt."
Columbia Review 55, 1 (Winter 1976): 67-70.
Noting a elose parallel between certain esthetic formulations
in Matisse's "Notes of a Painter" (1908) and Roger Fry's
Burlington Magazine essay, "The Art of Albert P. Ryder," of
the same year, Masheck traces connections between the painter
and art writer that might partially account for their parallel
views.

627. Masson, Andre. "Conversations avec Henri Matisse." Critique

324 (May 1974): 393-99.
An important collage of recollections by Masson of aperiod of
intimacy with Matisse in 1932, when the oIder artist
befriended hirn just after he had broken with the Surrealists in
Paris, a Iow point in his career. Masson has vivid memories
of particular aperfus of Matisse concerning specific artists--
Rodin, Cezanne, Moreau, as weIl as telling details of their
conversations and of Matisse's working methods.
216 GENERAL ARTICLES

628. "Matisse eI Filosofi." D'Ars 101,24 (April 1983): 34-43.

On the occasion of the major Matisse exhibition in Zürich in
1992, the author reflects on the importance of the concept of
time in the work of modern artists, especially of Matisse and
Vmberto Boccioni. The ideas of Bergson are highlighted with
respect to the processes and intentions of these artists.

629. "Matisse Approves." Art Digest 4 (April 15, 1930): 26.

An extract from an article by Aline Kistler of the San
Francisco Chronicle in which Matisse describes his
(favorable) reaction to his visit to the California School of
Fine Arts.

630. "Matisse on American Art." Art News 29 (November 15,

1930): 14.
Several paragraphs on Matisse's recorded comments on
American art after his return from the V.S., quoted from the
Herald Tribune. Painting in the V.S. is still in the formative
stage, Matisse is said to believe, but architecture (the
skyscraper) is a fully mature American art form.

631. Matisse, Paul. "Letter from Paul Matisse to Thomas

Gibson." In Henri Matisse. Ten Portrait Drawings 0/ Paul
Matisse. London: Thomas Gibson Fine Art Ltd., 1971.
Exhibition catalogue.
A two-page letter by the artist' s grandson recalling his
encounter with Henri Matisse at age thirteen on his first visit
to France after the war in 1946. He notes that Matisse' s
concentration while drawing hirn gave hirn an unforgettable
experience of "a man Iiving to the fullest immediate extent of
his capacity ... an existence in which quality rather than
quantity held the master place."

632. Matisse, Pierre. "Henri Matisse mio Padre." La Biennale di

Venezia 26 (December 1955): 4-5.
An anecdotal reminiscence by the artist's son; important.
GENERAL ARTICLES 217

633. Mauny, Jacques. "A Paris Chronicle [Fifty years of French

Painting]." Arts 8,2 (August 1925): 105, 109.
A peripatetic review of all the Paris exhibitions held at the
time of the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et
Industriels by a young painter-critic. Matisse exhibited at a
surprising number of these, from the most official to less
important gallery shows, among others, Fifty Years of French
Painting at the Louvre, Twenty-five Contemporaries at Druet,
Tri-Nationale Exhibition at Durand-Ruel, Nineteenth- and
Twentieth-Century Works at Bernheim Jeune.

634. Mauny, Jacques. "Henri Matisse." Drawing and Design 2, 10

(April 1927): 99-102.
For a British journal, the French artist-critic makes a graceful
apologia for Matisse that defends the smalI, charming 1927
odalisques as right for the present moment, in spite of the
growing acceptance of abstract art and the greatness of
Matisse's earlier large decorative panels done for Shchukin.
Earlier and later are done with the same "sense of life," the
same deliberation, and the same skills. Author chides the
French government for having bought only one of Matisse's
"Iess interesting Turkish ladies" for the Luxembourg. Two
interesting points: Mauny compares Matisse's Moroccan
works with indigenous North African folk wall painting,
suggesting that Matisse knew and was influenced by them, and
secondly, he remembers Matisse as enjoying films by "Charlie
Chaplin and Fatty [Arbuckle?]."

635. McBride, Henry. "At Matisse's Studio." The Sun, November

16, 1913. Reprinted in The Flow 0/ Art, Essays and
Criticisms 0/ Henry McBride, 73-74. New York: Atheneum,
1975.
Not more than an amusing anecdote about the self-assured,
witty Matisse, when confronted with the non-comprehension
of one of his admirers but a good insight into the artist's
character.
218 GENERAL ARTICLES

636. McBride, Henry. "Matisse at Montross." The Sun, January

15, 1915. Reprinted in The Flow 0/ Art, Essays and
Criticisms 0/ Henry McBride, 75-80. New York: Atheneurn,
1975.
This ostensible review of the Matisse exhibition at the
Montross GaIlery is really a witty cornrnentary on how and
why Matisse's works are accepted in Arnerica. Arnericans still
question his "honesty" but are drawn to the "extravagant"
painting as sornething that corresponds to their own experience
in an "extravagant age." The author wonders whether, in the
future, Matisse' s paintings will be considered too refined for
post-war tastes, as Watteau and Boucher once were.

637. McBride, Henry. "Matisse and Mestrovic." The Dial.

January 1925. Reprinted in The Flow 0/ Art. Essays and
Criticisms 0/ Henry McBride. 203-206. New York: Atheneurn,
1975.
At the blue-chip Fearon Gallery, Matisse is considered "safe,"
but the author still finds the work arnazing in attuning its
energy to equally arnazing delicacy. "He is French, so very
French. As French as Chardin. A Chardin up-to-date."

638. McBride, Henry. "Matisse in New York." New York Sun,

March 8, 1930. Reprinted in The Flow 0/ Art. Essays and
Criticisms 0/ Henry McBride, 266-268. New York:
Atheneurn, 1975.
The author, who played host to the artist, testifies to Matisse's
enormous enthusiasrn for New York. McBride tries to get
Matisse to adrnit that his Decorative Nude on an Ornamental
Ground was his best recent painting, but the artist will only
adrnit to keeping it in his studio "in order to rernind hirnself of
a path he had previously trod." The critic adds: "He did not,
however, positively dissent."

639. McBride, Henry. "Matisse in Arnerica." Cahiers d'art 6,5-6

(May 1931). Reprinted in Creative Art 9 (Decernber 1931):
463-66. Flarn, no. 88, 266-268.
GENERAL ARTICLES 219

Matisse's more adventurous works, MeBride notes, have been

used as weapons by young Ameriean artists to resist their own
elders and their art institutions. This youth stayed attaehed to
the artist in their mature years (as they themselves beeame the
establishment), for he justified their taste and their epoch.
Hence, the enthusiasm for Matisse on his visit to the U.S. in
1930, his twenty-year-old innovations now being seen as part
of the French tradition-- "as French as Chardin." Matisse's
Decorative Nude on an Ornamental Ground. of 1926 is
mentioned as a hoped-for acquisition for an American museum
of modern art.

640. McBride, Henry. "Matisse and Miro." New York Sun.

Oetober 25, 1930. Reprinted in The Flow 0/ Art. Essays and
Criticisms 0/ Henry McBride. 270-272. New York:
Atheneum, 1975.
On the occasion of large exhibition of Miro's work at the
Valentine Gallery, the author recalls trying, and failing, to get
Matisse to speak of younger emerging artists in Paris.
Matisse mentioned Miro's name, nevertheless, and none other.

641. MeEwen, John. "The Complete Artist." Studio Int. 187,966

(May 1974): 214.
A note on the influenee of the editor Teriade on the work of
Braque and Matisse through his magazines, Minotaure and
Verve.

642. MeGuire, Penny. "Matisse for Dinner." Architectural Rev.

194,1158 (August 1993): 84-85.
Despite the title, the article is on arenovated restaurant in
London (192 Kensington Park Rd., designed by Tchaik
Chassay and Malcom Last) which uses broad areas of color to
articulate its arehitectural planes.

643. Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Matisse, das Ende des

Impressionismus." Faust 6 (1923/ 1924): 1-5. Flam, no.
88,217-19.
220 GENERAL ARTICLES

An acerbic essay on the deliquescence of art in the post-Post-

Impressionist period. Matisse's art is perfect for the "good
European, an intellect cultivated with full academic resources--
an intelligent taste." Damned with faint praise, Matisse's two-
dimensional art is the "final extraction of modern big-city
percepton, a form for people who live with nerves alone."

644. Meier-Graefe, Julius. "Der neue Rationalismus, Matisse und

Picasso." In Die Kunst unserer Tage, von Cezanne bis Heute.
Vol. III of Entwicklungsgeschichte der Modernen Kunst, 621-
36; plates: 540-44. Munich: Piper & Co., 1927 (2nd ed.).
Book on modern art in which the earlier essay on Matisse in
Faust from 1923 (no. 643) is repeated in a slightly expanded
version. Matisse is again made the perfect example of an art
which mirrors the superficial estheticism of the modern era.

645. Melville, Robert. "Matisse." Architectural Rev. 144 (October

1968): 292-94.
A brisk, non-reverent review of Matisse's career and the
Hayward Gallery retrospective mounted by Lawrence Gowing.
Melville comments of the importance of Matisse for young
artists wanting to drown in a psychedelic binge of oceanic
color, who are taken with the one-color paintings of Matisse.
Gowing exaggerates his descriptions, according to Melville, as
though they were the size of the late cut-paper murals or of
"American environmental painting." Author finds Matisse's
popularity related to the current one for Art Nouveau: slippery
curves and arabesques and love of bourgeois luxury. In alJ,
Melville finds Matisse's figuration often impoverished
(including the late, Silence Living in Houses series) and the
work uneven and often shallow.

646. Mercereau, Andre. "Henri Matisse et la peinture

contemporaine." Zolotoye Runo {Toison d'or] 6, I-III (1909);
in Russian and French.
An article on Matisse is the longest illustrated treatment of
Matisse's work in any language to that date. The author, a
knowledgeable French critic, traces the artist's method from
GENERAL ARTICLES 221

impressionism but stresses Matisse' s intelligence and the

conscious will with wh ich he pursues his experiments in line
and color. Mercereau alludes to the artist's goals, as outlined
in Matisse's "Notes of a Painter" published in the previous
year.

64 7. Milhau, Denis. "Matisse, Picasso, et Braque, 1918-1926, y a-

t-il retour a I' ordre?" In Le Retour Cl I' ordre dans les arts
plastiques et I'architecture, 1919-1925,95-142. Travaux 8.
Saint-Etienne: University de Saint-Etienne, C.I.E.R.E.C.,
1974.
Milhau mounts a lang and complex discussion of the post-
World War I phenomenon known as "the return to order,"
focusing particularly on the works of Picasso, Matisse, and
Braque that do not in his opinion have the standard
characteristics of the reactionary brand of this post-war
"ordering." Within a Marxist framework, the author discusses
Matisse's practice, as a site of work, of working through, of
working for the resolution of contradictions in actual life.
There is in Matisse's 1920-25 practice, according to Milhau,
the residue of Matisse's more "anarchizing and eschatological
utopianism" of his prewar inventions and stylistic ruptures, a
residue seen at the very least in Decorative Figure Against an
Ornamental Ground of 1926, and even in the early Nice works
with their multi-perspectival spatial effects wh ich always hold
the plane. This major (and perhaps excessively elaborated)
argument is an essential one in the study of Matisse's relation
to the "return to tradition" by modern painters in the postwar
decade.

648. Milhaud, Darius. "Homage." Yale Literary Magazine 123

(Fall 1955): 24.
A short recollection of the musician's visit to the Mrs. Allan
Stein coIIection of Matisse paintings and drawings in
California.

649. Monnier, Gerard. "Picasso et Matisse, celebration et solitude."

In L'Art en Europe, L'annees decisives, 1945-1953. Geneva:
222 GENERAL ARllCLES

Skira and Association des Amis du Musee de Saint-Etienne,

1987.
An important essay in an exhibition catalogue that deals
exhaustively with post-World War 11 European art. The author
notes that Matisse's last work, dedicated to "decor" and to an
art of "utility," was drawn into the discourse on sacred art and
architecture of the late 1940s, but that the full scope of both
Matisse's cut-paper work and late paintings and the
ramifications of the scale of his last, ambitious mural work
was not fully recognized until after the artist's death in the late
1950s. A perceptive, if brief, discussion of the significant
strategies employed in the chapel at Vence.

650. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle. "A Black Light: Matisse (1914-

1918)." In Henri Matisse, 84-95. Brisbane: Queensland Art
Gallery and Art Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition
catalogue.
A nuanced examination of the modalities of light and
composition--both entailing the unprecedented use of black in
Matisse' s oeu vre--in his wartime work from 1914-1918. Also
inc1uded are relations with the artist's dealers and his artist
friends and the shift in his approach from the time (end of
1916) that he began to use the professional model, Lorette.

651. Montherlant, Henry deo "En ecoutant Matisse." L 'Art et fes

artistes 33, 189 (July 1938): 336-39.
Witty and somewhat world-weary, Montherlant draws out
from his conversations with Matisse ideas with which he
agrees--elaborating them with erudition--or disagrees. He uses
the latter to illuminate both their positions, especially on
matters pertaining to the creative process. Although
Montherlant remains in the foreground of this double portrait,
the focus on Matisse is unusually sharp and the shooting angle
is fresh.

652. Morris, George L. K. "A Brief Encounter with Matisse."

Life, August 28, 1970. Flam, no. 88, 263-66.
GENERAL ARTICLES 223

This marvelous portrait of Matisse is sketched by the author in

his 1931 diary when, as a knowledgeable but naive, aspiring
twenty-five-year-old artist, he met the French painter on the
train from Cherbourg to Paris. The young American takes
every opportunity to draw out the famous painter with
intelligent questions but is often thwarted, teased, or
condescended to.' Along with Jane Bussy's essay, "A Great
Man," one of the most unvarnished and astute portrayals of
Matisse in his informal social contacts.

653. Morse, C. R. "Matisse's Palette." Art Digest 7 (February

1933): 26.
An unsigned articIe consists entirely of excerpts from Morse's
essay, published in Symposium 4 (Winter 1933): 56-69. The
colors of Matisse' spalette of 1923 are named, his use of these
colors knowledgeably discussed and analysed, some general
concIusions drawn. An articIe of considerable interest for the
technical side of Matisse' s painting.

654. Morsell, Mary. "Finely Arranged Matisse Exhibit Now on

Display." Art News 32 (January 27, 1934): 3-4.
Extended review of major show at Pierre Matisse Gallery, with
perceptive coverage of individual works. Woman on High
StooL (1914), Lorraine Chair (1919), and Decorative Figure
on an OrnamentaL Ground (1926) are chosen to represent
quintessential Matisse. A fine early critical review.

655. Mousseigne, Alain. "Une saison de peinture, Matisse a

Toulouse." In Matisse, Ajaccio-TouLouse 1898-1899: une
saison de peinture. 23-29. Cahiers Henri Matisse, 4. Toulouse
and Nice, 1986.
A careful study of Matisse's production in the months that he
lived in the region of Toulouse, with his wife's family, after
returning from Corsica. The work marks an important stage
in Matisse's pursuit of color as an independent element and
incIudes his first experiments in pointillism. The author also
provides valuable commentary on individual paintings in this
important exhibition.
224 GENERAL ARllCLES

656. Munsterberg, Hugo. "Henri Matisse." In Twentieth Century

Painting, 24-32. New York: Philosophical Library, 1951.
An accurate general survey of Matisse's career and his
importance, especially in emancipating painting from the
necessity of iIIusionistic three-dimensional space by modeling
and linear perspective. A reading of the artist's works that is,
by that time, widely accepted; no surprises or special insights.

657. Murphy, Richard W. "Matisse's Final F1owering." Horizon

12, 1 (Winter 1970): 26-41.
A pleasantly-written general treatment of Matisse's life and
oeuvre on the occasion of the Paris Matisse Centenary
Exhibition; richly iIIustrated. There is a slight emphasis in
the text on the late work; a handsomely printed portfolio of
five cut-paper designs is at the heart of the artic1e and the
artist's The Flowing Hair is printed in blue on the issue's
white cover.

658. Neff, lohn Hallmark. "The Exhibition in the Age of

Mechanical Reproduction." Artforum 25,5 (January 1987):
86-90.
Analysis and evalution of the problems inherent in producing
an exhibition catalogue (Henri Matisse: the Early Years in
Nice. 1916-1930 , no. 69, is the occasion for the reflection)
that is true to the originals, to the exhibition experienced as a
whole, and which utilizes the scholarly opportunity to study
the physical state of the works that a large show provides.
The administrative mechanics of mounting a large show often
work at cross-purposes to the exhibition functioning as an
unparalleled intellectual opportunity for scholars and
conservators.

659. Neugass, Fritz. "Henri Matisse, 1969-1929." Deutsche Kunst

u. Dekoration 63 (March 1929): 372-80. Translated into
French under the title "Henri Matisse, Pour son soixantieme
anniversaire." Cahiers de Belgique (March 1930).
GENERAL ARllCLES 225

A critical review in which Neugass refuses, as Matisse has

requested, to judge the whole curve of the artist' s work, since
the curve seems to have come to a fuH stop in the "tiresome"
sameness and vapid luxury of the late works that open no new
paths. In spite of his heighteningof color and bolder effects,
he remains tied to Impressionism and goes little beyond it.
This artic\e is the core text which the author slightly expanded
in the versions appearing below in Kunst für alle , no. 660,
and L'Art et [es artistes, no. 661.

660. Neugass, Fritz. "Henri Matisse." Kunst für alle 61, 1

(October 1929): 12-21. Translated into French in L'Art et [es
artistes 20 (April 1930): 235-40.
A critical description of Matisse's development from
Impressionism to his present style, which Neugass admits is
simple and limpid, but whose repetitive subjects, sketchy
handling, lack of renewing-impulse makes hirn seem to copy
hirnself. Matisse is a master of color and ornamented surface,
but Neugass finds hirn lacking in a sense of plastic
composition both in his sculpture and his painting. He also
finds Matisse's ideas, widely promulaged after 1908
throughout Europe, to have been present already in Van
Gogh's postition and to be part of a nineteenth-century
heritage.

661. Nicolson, Benedict. "Review of Matisse, His Art and His

Public." Art Bull. 34 (September 1952): 246-49.
A perceptive and important review of Barr's book which
inaugurates the sharper formalist critiques of Matisse's mid-
career work that would dominate the 1960s. Also faulted are
Barr's scholarly "puritanism" which holds hirn c\ose to
provable data and does not aIlow a more imaginative and
interpretive speculation on causes and contexts. The author
hirnself indulges in the latter by an intriguing comparison
between Andre Gide's and Matisse's curves of artistic
development.
226 GENERAL ARTICLES

662. Nirdlinger, Virginia. "The Matisse Way, Forty Years in the

Evolution of an Individualist." Parnassus 3 (November
1931): 4-6.
A knowledgeable, tart review of the Matisse Retrospective at
the Museum of Modern Art. The author ranks the 1920s work
very much lower than the pre-1918 work of Matisse--the Nice
works seem "Iike anachronisms, the imperfectly realized effects
of a less mature mind." A vigorous, opinionated critic,
Nirdlinger finds the sculpture "experiments more important to
the painter than to his public." The drawings are highly
praised; the prints draw a mixed review. Author accuses the
artist in his later work of flashy Rimsky-Korsakov color:
abundant, brassy, skillful, and superficial. This is the same
criticism Matisse himself made in 1945 ("Role and Modality
of Color") about Bakst' s use of color in his decors for
Diaghilev's ballets!

663. Nochlin, Linda. "'Matisse' and Its Other." Art in America

81,5 (May 1993): 88-97.
A critique of the Matisse: a Retrospective exhibition at the
Museum of Modern in comparison with the show of Russian
art, The Great Utopia, at the Guggenheim Museum. Author
pits a construction of modernism exemplified by Matisse's
sensuous bourgeois interiors of passive female models against
that of a populist, communal revolutionary effort in the
Soviet Union by as many woman artists as men.

664. O'Brian, John, "Greenberg's Matisse and the Problem of

Avant-Garde Hedonism." In Reconstructing Modernism, Art in
New York, Paris, and Montrea11945-64, 144-171, edited by
Serge Guilbaut. Cambridge, London: MIT Press, 1990.
The author, editor of the collected essays and criticism of
Clement Greenberg, traces the critic's attitude toward Matisse
during the period between his important early theoretical
essays, "A vant-Garde and Kitsch," (1939) and "Towards a New
Laocoon," (1940), and his mature critical position of the late
1950s. Greenberg selects Matisse as the greatest living artist,
it seems, on the basis of his detached hedonism, the sheer
GENERAL ARTIClES 227

quality of his handling of the medium and his acceptance of its

limitations, and his positing of a materialist basis for present
happiness as an alternative to the chaos of contemporary
culture. This in contrast to, for example, Picasso, whose
works, subject dominated, reflect the morbidity and violen ce of
the age or to other propagandistic, utopian, stylistically
re ta rdataire , or sentimental art that was being offered by
contemporaries (in the late 1940s) as being more relevant.
O'Brian subtly follows the tacking of Greenberg's judgments
as the critic attempts to work out a flexible position from
1944-54, aperiod of considerable uncertainty and change in
both the artworld and society. The author concludes his essay
by praising Greenberg's dialectical method by which he keeps
both detached and engaged modes of criticism in play, the one
as antidote to the other.

665. O'Brian, John. "MoMA's Public Relations, Alfred Barr's

Public, and Matisse's American Canonization." RACAR:
Revue d' art canadienne, Canadian Art Review 18, 1-2 (1991):
18-30.
The author uses Alfred Barr's exhibitions of Matisse's work in
1931 and 1951 to frame and exemplify the museum' s policy of
massive publicity and education to create a "public" for modern
art. The mercenary goals of publicity and the altruistic goals
of education are somewhat at odds, as is Barr's view of the two
aspects of Matisse's work--the hedonistic and the austerely
intellectual. O'Brian offers a critique of cuIture providers who
marshall pub1ic relations techniques in the interests of
promoting a single reading of modern art, especially one that
is divorced from a critical analysis of its own premises and
institutional practices. An excellent, incisive study.

666. O'Brian, John. "In Loco Parentis: Art Markets, American

Dealers, and Matisse." Block Points 1 (1993): no pagination.
(Publication of the Block Gallery, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois.)
A close look at Matisse's understanding and use of the market
possibilities of the dealer system, including his earliest dealer
228 GENERAL ARTICLES

Bemheim-Jeune, his late 1930s dealer Paul Rosenberg, and his

own son Pierre Matisse. Author assembles valuable
information on the rise of Matisse's prices, the role of auction
sales in his prices, and the artist's cultivation of collectors and
dealers. Of special interest is the publication of his Rosenberg
contract of 1936 and the relation between Rosenberg and Pierre
Matisse. The article provides a good overview of the
"protocols and conventions" of the Paris and New York art
markets in the first half of the century, as weil as Matisse's
canny utilization of these vehicles in the achieving his "farne
and fortune."

667. Ocampo, Estella. "Henri Matisse: la seduci6n dei Islam (Henri

Matisse: the seduction of Islam)." KaUas (Spain) 2, 3-4
(October 1990): 72-79.
Traces influence of Arabic art and the Islamic world on
Matisse, especially that of Arabic ceramics and tapestry.

668. [Ozenfant, Amadee], "Recherches [Henri Matisse]." Esprit

Nouveau 22 (1925?):
A retracing of the history of French painting which culminates
in the contributions of Matisse. The founders of Purism set
out to separate the false "revolutionaries," whose noisy
innovations made no lasting contribution to the revitalization
of the stagnant lines of development in the arts, from the true.
The latter are those whose "revolutions" brought them in line
with the long tradition: David, Ingres, Manet, Cezanne,
Seurat. Matisse is named as the last of the great nineteenth-
century liberators--from servitude to the appearance of nature
and to subjects. He prepared the way, according to the authors,
by the free opticality of his work, for Cubism. Weil
illustrated with works from 1906 to 1916, areminder of
Matisse's more abstract, austere style in the midst of the
1920s.

669. Pach, Walter. "Why Matisse?" Century Mag. 89 (February

1915): 633-6.
GENERAL ARTICLES 229

Pach's essay is an apologia for the artist during the latter's

Montross Gallery exhibition in New York. Denying the
notion of progress in art, Pach speaks of entering more deeply
into forgotten or neglected traditions and claims for Matisse
only an unusually intense and persistent sensitivity to nature--
which is what makes hirn "modern." The artist's genuineness
is stressed as weIl as the three sources of his art: the masters,
nature, and his own individuality. The essay echos Matisse's
ideas, gleaned from Pach's talks with the artist in Paris;
interesting for its shaping of ideas to contemporary American
esthetic values.

670. Pach, Walter. "After Impressionism." In The Masters 01

Modem Art, 64-75,99-101. New York: Viking Press and B.
W. Huebsch, 1925.
Pach, who wrote on Matisse in 1915, here treats Fauvism as a
variant of post-impressionism and stresses Matisse's qualities
of mastery and measure, rather than his revolutionary
contributions to the history of modern art. He cites Matisse's
recent work as evidence of his continued excellence, implying
no falling off in boldness or quality.

671. Pach, Walter."Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque."

In Queer Thing, Painting. New York: Harper, 1938.
Pach reminisces about his first meeting with Matisse through
the Stein family during the painter' s first trip to Italy in 1907,
how his first article on Matisse, commissioned by Guy Pene
du Bois for the Hearst newspapers, was rejected because of the
accompanying photo. Author credits Sally (Mrs. Michael)
Stein with converting hirn to Matisse's use of color by
comparing them to Byzantine enamels. Pach remembers
Matisse stressing the continuity in his work, despite his
pursuing different "Iines of development" at different times in
his life.

672. Palmer, Mildred. "A Note on Henri-Matisse." In The Arts:

PortjoUo Se ries. New York: The Arts Publication, 1927.
Series edited by Forbes Watson.
230 GENERAL ARTICLES

A biographie, eritieal, and bibliographie note on Matisse,

aeeompanying an album of reproduetions.

673. Pancera, M. "n Pittore deI Sole." Arte 145, 15 (Oetober

1984): 34-43.
A generously illustrated article, general in nature, in whieh the
author exalts Matisse's oeuvre for its joyful spirit and its
exuberant color.

674. Perl, Jed. "Matisse, The Cathedral and the Odalisque." In Paris
Without End, On French Art Since World War I, 3-18. San
Francisco: North Point Press, 1988.
An essay on the enduring traditions of Freneh eulture,
eharaeterized by moderation and tranquility, that reemerged after
World War land that are especially evident in the paintings by
Matisse of that deeade. Ineorporating a review of the 1986-87
exhibition, Henri Matisse: the Early Years in Nice, that
appeared in The New Criterion in 1987, Perl offers an
apologia for the "Silver Age" of Freneh painting from the
1920s. This beautifully written and perspieaeious essay, by a
New York painter and eritie, is one of the best ever written on
Matisse's early Niee work--nuaneed and wonderfully observed.
For agentIe eautionary dissent to Perl's view of the Sehool of
Paris, see Arthur Danto's review of Paris Without End in The
New Republic, Oetober 24, 1988.

675. Perl Jed. "Matisse and Pieasso: At the Shores of the

Mediterranean." In Paris Without End, On French Art Since
World War I, 52-65. San Franeiseo: North Point Press, 1988.
Perl begins his essay on art in the South of Franee with a visit
to Matisse's Chapel of the Rosary at Venee and ends with an
appreeiation of Large Decoration with Masks and his cut-paper
works. In between, the artist-eritie eomments on Picasso's
work in the Musee Pieasso at Antibes, his ceramies and his
War and Peace Chapel murals at Vallauris. The themes
touehed on in the essay are the role of decoration in the late
work of both artists, the way the Mediterranean eoast affected
their later work, and the quality of that late work, especially
GENERAL ARllCLES 231

that of their advanced years. Full of marvelous observations

and critical judgments.

676. Peyre, Henri. "The Lesson of Matisse." Yale Literary

Magazine 123 (Fall 1955): 7-10.
The author praises Matisse, a man of extraordinary
intelligence, for ne ver having fallen prey to literature in his
work or to theories or formulae in his writings. He has
managed to work between the poles of instinct and intellect in
his art, which accounts for the periodic changes in his
approach and style.

677. Phillips, Jonathan. "Matisse: Master of Color." American

Artist 57 (July 1993): 20-27, 68-70.
An extensive and intelligent discussion of Matisse's use of
color by an artist who analyses Matisse's color palette and
shows--in particular works--how the artist achieves the colors
and color-harmonies that he does. One of the best recent
articIes to apply real knowledge of artists' oil pigments to a
discussion ofMatisse's color usage.

678. Picabia, Francis. "Good Painting." Little Review 9, 3

(Autumn 1922): 61-62.
Picabia holds "good painting" to be original and personal, not
like that of Matisse which is full of the "old tricks" of
painting techniques, is saleable and unadventurous, and
manufactured for the art market. The author also castigates
Signac and the Cubists, excepting the pre-war Cubism of
Picasso and Braque. Picabia is against any system or method
that prescribes "good painting" and hinders a fresh approach,
hence he has no use for the "beaux-arts-Cubists" who edit
L'Esprit nouveau.

679. Piguel, Philippe. "Henri Matisse, un art de la pn!sence:

rencontre avec Pierre Schneider." L'Oeil 449 (March 1993):
20-23.
232 GENERAL ARTICLES

An interview, conducted by Philippe Piguel, with Schneider

on the occasion of the publication of the revised edition of his
1984 book, Matisse (Paris: FIammarion) and the exhibition,
Henri Matisse, 1904-1917, at the Centre Pompidou.
Schneider explains the revisions--new material from the last
eight years, the addition of an essay on the newly-discovered
first version of the dance, and the reshooting of some forty
reproductions for greater fidelity to the originals. He
recapitulates the theme of the sacred which for Matisse arose
with efforts in abstraction and the decorative.

680. Pissarro, Joachim. "Seeing, Touching, Being Touched by

Matisse." Apollo 136,370 (December 1992): 394-96.
An extended review article on the 1992 Matisse Retrospective
exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art and on its catalogue.
Author offers a number of provocative responses--to
Elderfield's discussion of metaphor in the catalogue essay, to
Matisse's achievement of unity, and to specific works in the
show.

681. Pleynet, MarceIin, "Le Systeme de Matisse." In

L'Enseignement de La peinture, 25-98. Paris: Editions du
Seuil, 1971. Translated by Sima Godrey as "Matisse's System
(lntroduction to a Program)." In Painting and System.
Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
From a structuralist perspective, Pleynet juggles the concepts
of sexuality and language in the multidimensional staging of
the signs that constitutes Matisse's invention--instinctual
drives (castration fantasies) in play with an intelligence
thoroughly steeped in the tradition (pictorial language) of
Western painting. Pleynet's polarities inc1ude:
scientific/subjective, active invention/passive copy, subject
(self) /model (other), matter/ essence, exposure/repression,
law/drives, grammar/preverbal image, painted woman/mother.
Negotiating these, the author claims, finally, that Matisse's
program is also one that keeps them in creative and critical
opposition, a vast tissue of contradictions reflected in his
name, MA-tisse.
GENERAL ARTICLES 233

Review: Devade, Marc. "Painting and Its Double." Tracks: A

Journal 0/ Artists' Writings 2,2 (Spring 1976): 50-65.

682. Pleynet, Marcelin. "Matisse et Picasso." In Les Modernes et

la tradition. Paris: Gallimard, 1990. Reprinted from Tel Quel
2 (Spring 1981): 37-49.
An elegantly constructed comparison/ contrast between the
Spanish and the French artist (the paper was originally given
in Spain in 1980), based on published sources. As
"seismographs of their century," the two artists are rhetorically
asked what they had made with such urgency after they
"unmade" the traditions they had learned? Without directly
answering this, Pleynet traces their mutual admiration for and
interest in each other' s work, each perhaps realizing that they
had incited the other to go beyond his limits and the limits of
painting itself.

683. Pleynet, Marcelin. "Matisse aujourd'hui: le grand atelier." In

Les Modernes et la tradition, 191-223. Paris: Gallimard,
1990.
This extended artic1e divides into two parts: the first is on
Matisse's Self-Portrait of 1906, which the author sees as a
"touchs tone" for understanding all of Matisse's work. In it
Matisse establishes hirnself as the master of his own special
kind of space, his own negotiation of "model" into "subjecL"
In a long associative, rather than logical, argument, Pleynet
arrives at the space of the painting in atelier canvases,
particularly The Red Studio (1911) where Matisse is present
by entering the space (he "experienced the space behind hirn"
in his paintings), by working the space (literally and
otherwise), and by retroactively reflecting on his previous
works and projecting those that are in process. From the Red
Studio, one is led to Verdure (Faun and Verdure), and thence to
the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence, also a red room because of
the afterimage of red from the complementary green/blue in the
window. The chapel is also a studio, a self-portrait, a working
(liturgical) space, and so on. In spite of some perceptive
observations, this exercise in free association sheds little new
234 GENERAL ARllCLES

light on Matisse and has little of the rigor of Pleynet's earlier

studies on the artist.

684. Poland, R. "Modern Paintings Acquired." Bull. Detroit Inst.

Arts 5, 1 (October 1923): 3-5.
An apologia, based on Matisse's seriousness and character, for
the museums's acquisition of Interior [The Window J (1916).
This was the first painting by Matisse acquired by an
American museum.

685. "Portrait of the Artist, No. 100." Art News and Rev. 4, 22
(November 29, 1952): 1.
Unsigned artic1e in aseries introducing individual artists,
accompanied by the sheet of self-portrait drawings that
appeared in the Matisse Philadelphia Museum Catalogue of
1948. Tbe commentary praises Matisse for having avoided the
"blind intuitive excursions of Picasso" and bringing back to
modern art the "decorative grandeur and amplitude of which
Cubism deprived it."

686. Purrmann, Hans. "Aus der Werkstatt Henri Matisses." Kunst

u. Künstler 20,5 (February 1922): 167-76.
An extended essay of anecdotes and remembrances concerning
Matisse as a teacher by the German artist who initiated
Matisse's school and who became a c10se friend of his teacher.
Matisse's personality is seen in an intimate way, with its
anxieties and hard-won certitudes, and many of his artistic
judgments are relayed in their original context as advice to
young artists, with whom he was immensely sympathetic,
despite the slightly denigrating remarks he made about them in
later life. A valuable portrait.

687. Purrmann, Hans. "Introduction." In Henri-Matisse. Berlin:

Thannhauser Gallery, 1930. Exhibition catalogue.
A slight essay that contrasts Matisse's present farne,
acceptance, and mature style (now manifested intemationally in
his retrospective exhibitions in Paris, New York, Zurich, and
GENERAL ARTICLES 235

Berlin) with the painter's early rejection in Germany due to

his revolutionary Fauve innovations in exuberant color.

688. Purrmann, Hans. "Über Henri Matisse." Werk 33, 6 (June

1946): 185-92. Reprinted in Henri Matisse, Farbe und
Gleichnis, Gesammelte Schriften. Mit den Erinnerungen von
Hans Purrmann, edited by Hans Purrmann. Zurich, 1955;
Frankfurt and Hamburg, 1960, no. 37.
Purrmann reminisces about his arrival in Paris to see the
Manet exhibition at the Salon d' Automne and remaining, after
being converted by the Fauve works there. Becoming a pupil
and friend of Matisse, he has an intimate view of Matisse's
aims at this time and recounts many amusing and telling
anecdotes about Matisse and the Steins (of whom he most
admires Leo and Sarah), about Matisse's studio, and about
Matisse's first exhibition in and trip to Germany. Matisse's
observations on "modern Germany" betray the Frenchman's
amused distaste for its infatuation with technology, coupled
with a certain crudeness of custom. Interestingly, Purrmann
notes that he and other Berliners were not so favorably
disposed to the odalisques and the 1920s style when they were
seen in quantity at the 1930 Thannhauser retrospective.

689. Puy, Jean. "Souvenirs," Le Point 4,21 (July 1939): 112-33.

A rich and intimate memoir of a studio mate of Matisse who
remained a lifelong friend and confidant. Absolutely
indispensable account of the early years in Carriere's studio and
of Matisse's studio practice from 1900 to 1904. Describing
Matisse's need to explain and justify his work, to push aspects
to the extreme for the sake of discovery, Puy confesses that his
own preference is for those works that are guided almost solely
by Matisse' s instincts.

690. Puy, Michel. "Le Dernier etat de la peinture." Mercure de

France (July 16, 1910).
This article is written by a critic with an intimate knowledge
of the artist's working method through his brother, Jean Puy,
the painter and studio camrade of Matisse. In this second
236 GENERAL ARTICLES

article (the first was more generally on Fauvism, no. 1258),

the critic offers a more considered evaluation of Matisse's role
in moving modern painting from the observation of reality to
abstraction. He says that Matisse represents the tendency to
"decorative speculation" while the Cubists favor a "purely
mathematical world." Matisse, he says, is exceptional in
producing works of a stunning decorative sumptuosity, which
yet stir a profound emotional response in the vi ewer. An
important early review by an "insider."

691. Ragon, Michel, with Tamara Preaud. "L'Anniversaire d'un

grand Fauve: Henri Matisse, peintre de lajoie de vivre." Jardin
des Arts 186 (May 1970): 2-21.
Introductory article in an issue of Jardin des Arts devoted to
Matisse on the occasion of the 1970 Centenary Exhibition at
the Grand Palais. Ragon's text is a summary of the artist's
life, profusely illustrated, while Preaud contributes, in boxed
areas throughout the text, a periodization of his career into
twelve parts. Informative and professional; recent sales are
appended as is a short bibliography.

692. Rannit, Aleksis. "Ausstellung Henri Matisse 1951."

Kunstwerk 5, I (1951): 53.
A sensitive assessment of Matisse's lifelong development, that
marvels, from a Northern point of view, at Matisse's French
elegance which, like Braque's and Maillol's, always has
something in it of Greek cIarity. Rannit mentions the talks
that Raymond Cogniat has been giving (as the exhibition
travels) in which the art critic reminds his German audiences
(who have not seen a major Matisse show since weIl be fore
the war) of Matisse's historical "firstness" in eliminating
traditional perspective and creating a spatial illusion entirely
derived from color relationships.

693. Raphael, Max. "Das Erlebnis Matisse." Kunstblatt I (1917):

145-54.
Raphael defends Matisse against accusations of being too
intellectually cold and calculating in his artistic process.
GENERAL ARTICLES 237

Raphael insists on the residue of sentiment--derived from

Matisse's response to nature--that remains in the finished
work. The author is sensitive to Matisse's process, in which
discoveries, adjustments, and transformations are effected by
the necessities of his ongoing experience while painting.
Matisse's constant search to surpass hirnself, to go beyond his
immediate experience, may, however, hide a psychic weakness,
according to Raphael, in the artist's conception of self or of
the !imitations of the organic world.

694. Ratcli ff, Carter. "Remarks on the Nude." Art Int. (March-
April 1977): 60-65.
Author takes the occasion of an exhibit at Borgenicht Gallery,
The Nude: Avery and the European Masters. to discuss
Matisse' s handling of the nude (in a pencil drawing of 1930) as
a response to realism and expressionism, by depicting "worlds
alternative to the one we inhabit." That is, he offers in his art
a model of the way experience can be controlled and re-invented
by a new mode of vision, a new way of seeing the world--with
detachment and for pleasure, that is, esthetically.

695. Raymond, Marie. "Matisse contra de Abstracten." Kronick

van Kunst en Kultur. 1953. First published in Japanese in
Misue (March 1953). Flam, no. 88,382-84.
Marie Raymond, an abstract painter and the mother of Yves
Klein, attempts to draw Matisse out on the subject of abstract
art. Matisse, in turn, denounces abstraction and turns the
interview to more concrete matters, to Van Gogh and Cezanne
as his models and to his Chapel of the Rosary.

696. R. C. C[ogniat], R[aymond]. "Henri Matisse, la fraiche beaute

du monde, les voies secretes de la peinture." Jardin des arts
210 (May 1972): 56-64.
A lavishly illustrated article in which each illustration has its
brief accompanying commentary in a poetic style, and a
longer, one-page article sets out a general history of and
homage to the artist. The texts as a whole insist on Matisse' s
238 GENERAL ARTICLES

Frenchness, his robust love of life, and set hirn in a lineage of

Poussin, Rubens, Fragonard, Ingres, and Renoir.

697. Refsum, Tor. "M0te med Matisse." Kunst og Kultur 58

(1975): 65-78.
A general articIe which discusses Matisse's development,
especially in the years from 1908 through 1916 when his work
became both more decorative and more abstractly structured.
Generously illustrated in black and white, the articIe treats
Matisse's debts to Islamic art and Russian icons in works such
as Still Life with Three Eggplants and The Painter's Family.
The 1911 studio canvases are also examined as is Matisse's
influence on contemporary painters.

698. Reichardt, Jasia. "Matisse and Subject Matter." Studio 172

(July 1966): 2-4.
Despite Matisse's insistence on painting specific objects and
sites, the author asserts that these objects are not real subjects
for Matisse. They only "act as a vehicIe or point of departure
for the organization of space, form and color." The author
contrasts this attitude with that of Pop artists; and contrasts
the expressive intensity of Matisse's Woman in Blue
(favorably) with de Kooning's 1950 Woman.

699. Renshaw, Janet. "A Russian Revelation." Art and Artists

239 (August 1969): 19-22.
Describes the conditions and history of the loan, Impressionist
to Early Modern Paintings from the USSR, which began at
the National Gallery in Washington, D.C., and traveled to Los
Angeles and New York (Metropolitan Museum). Review of
the show and his tory of Russian collecting of modern art.
Matisse's Conversation, Harmony in Red, Spanish Woman
with Tambourine, Goldfish. Standing Riffian, Nasturtiums
with "La Dance, "and Bouquet on the Veranda are singled out
for comment.
GENERAL ARTICLES 239

700. Reverdy, Pierre , "Matisse dans la lumiere et le bonheur." In

Dernieres oeuvres de Matisse, 1950-1954, a special issue of
Verve 9,35-36 (1958). Excerpt in Fourcade, no. 29. 30-33.
The poet, who had known Matisse since 1912 and comments
on the ironie and somewhat mocking skepticism of Matisse in
those earlier years, here remembers the painter as one with a
congenital gift for happiness, combined with a visceral will
toward a paradisial existence. Matisse did this by centering his
will on the axis of art and work and achieved, both in his
personallife and in his artistic production, the serene "placidity
in plasticity" towards which he gravitated as a compass points
North. Reverdy finds Matisse grounded in c1assical attitudes,
not in Impressionism, because a critical sense always
dominates his emotion and sensation. A subtle psychological
study of the man as much as his paintings, about which
Reverdy modestly--and falsely--c1aims insufficient expertise to
comment.

701. Rihani, Ameen. "Artists in War-Time." Int. Studio 68,269

(July 1919): III-IX.
Author emphasizes Paris as a place where the habit of critics
to analyze the distinctions between "Schools" may work to the
good of talents and even genius but mayaIso artificially
foreground the bizarre and grotesque in the name of novelty.
Having tried to draw out Matisse (during the war) on various
schools and artists, the author finds Matisse too diplomatie to
commit hirnself to one position either in conversation or in
his work. "He is broad, but not deep, in his vision," the
author conc1udes, "his ec1ecticism often overshadows his art."
But Rihani must admire Matisse's equanimity in the midst of
severe wartime shortages and discomforts, his acceptance of
and "chastened faith" in his fellow man, his ability to manage
contradictions, even as he regrets the artist's lack of deep
spirituality and conviction.

702. Riviere, Jacques. "Une Exposition de Henri Matisse [1910]."

In Etudes. Paris: NRF, 1911. Originally published in 1910 in
240 GENERAL ARTICLES

La Nouvelle revue franraise as an extended exhibition review

of a Matisse show at Bernheim-Jeune.
A remarkably astute analysis of the artist's conceptual artistic
process which, according to Riviere, is too self-conscious, too
goal-driven to allow the work to develop with the necessary
spontaneity and "blindness" out of which original work arises.
The author is very good on Matisse's drawing "system" and
mode of composition; one of the first "formal" analyses of the
artist's work of any sophistication and insight. A very
important essay.

703. Romains, Jules. "Opinions." In Henri Matisse. Paris:

Georges Cres & Cie, 1920. Flam, no. 88, 181-82.
Matisse has "settled down," not in the weakening of his
creative passion, surrender to mediocrity, or renunciation ofthe
boldness of youth, but in the harmony to which he has bought
his forces and his domination of hirnself. He is working
"unhastily" toward an eternal "classicism" which is
synonymous with "structure."

704. RomaneIli, Giandomenico. "Passagi Veneziani." In Henri

Matisse, Matisse et l'Italie, 43-45. Milan: Mondadori, 1987.
The author sketches a brief exhibition history of Matisse at the
Venice Biennales--1920, 1926, 1928, 1950, and 1954. He
quotes liberally from and comments on the catalogue essays by
Longhi and Cogniat on the Fauves (1950) and by Cogniat
again in 1954.

705. Roskill, Marc. "Matisse on His Art and Wh at He Did Not

Say." Arts Mag. 49 (May 1975): 62-63.
On the publication of Flam's and Fourcade's anthologies of
Matisse's writings and interviews, Matisse on Art (1973), no.
27, and Henri Matisse: Ecrits et propos sur ['art (1972), no.
29, Roskill remarks on what remains unsaid in these extensive
collections. He observes that Matisse's remarks are always
rather general and unexceptionally framed in reassuring,
traditional language; that he is silent from 1912 to 1925--years
GENERAL ARTICLES 241

of some of his most innovative and most retrenching works;

that he does nothing to explain how he reconciles in practice
the play of oppositions on which his work is based; and
finally, in his last great work, the Chapel at Vence, the author
observes that Matisse says nothing about many aspects and
details of its design components.

706. Rouveyre, Andre. "Matisee evoque." Rev. des arts 6,2 (June
1956): 67-73.
A personal memoire of the author's friend, Matisse, richly
illustrated with drawings and decorations that he received on
Matisse's letters and envelopes in their nearly daily (1940s)
correspondence. Rouveyre's remarks about Matisse's character
are perceptive, as he knew hirn intimately over a long period
of time--since they were young art students together at the turn
of the century.

707. Rouveyre, Andre. "Henri Matisse." Verve 4, 13 (1945): 35-

43.
This long eulogistic artic1e by Matisse's old friend and studio
mate covers familiar Matisse ground. Matisse gives the
viewer of his work contentment; the artist remains totally
hirnself, retaining the measure of his good sense, in the best
and original meaning of the phrase bon sens. Matisse's
deformations, says the author, are reformations, the creation of
a new space. Even while formally or plastically preoccupied,
Matisse provides poetic work, that is, art that moves, that
evokes wonder. Like Nietzsche's "tightrope walker," Matisse
baI an ces opposites, providing both "grandiose and intimate
plenitude." Several paintings receive commentaries of a very
general nature.

708. Rusakov, Yu. A. "Matisse in Russia in the Autumn of 1911."

Burlington Mag. 17,866 (May 1975): 284-91.
An important artic1e that traces Matisse's itinerary during his
1911 trip to Russia, documented with excerpts from
contemporary letters and journal artic1es; c1arifies problems in
242 GENERAL ARTICLES

relation to his Russian patrons and to the reception of Matisse

in the Russian press.

709. "Safe So Far." Art Digest 14 (September 1, 1940): 14.

The first report from Paris after the German invasion of France
on the well-being of Matisse, Picasso, and Augustus lohn, as
excerpted from the Newsweek art editor's report.

710. Salles, Georges. "Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art 6, 5-6

(1931): 281-82.
Salles remarks on the coincidence of Matisse's retrospective
being shown at the same time as a large exhibition of
Byzantine and Coptic art at the Pavillon de Marsan; also, he
notes the Iikeness between a pastel ofMatisse's and a fragment
of Coptic fabric hariging near it in Salles's apartment.
Matisse's researches in color have seen hirn restore to it a role
that predates its iIlusionistic function in reproducing local
color; hence, the likeness of Matisse's art to the Coptic
fragment. In both color acts as a calming, a cerebral
environment or atmosphere which has its effect without the
viewer's conscious attention.

711. Salles, Georges. "Visit to Matisse." Art News Annual 21

(1952): 37-39, 79-81.
A rather florid, hagiographic description of Matisse' s
household surroundings and the effect of the aged artist' s
personality on the visitor. Richly iIlustrated with photographs
of Matisse in his studio from all periods and of the chapel at
Vence.

712. Salto, Axel. "Henri Matisse." Klingen (April 1918); excerpted

in Monod-Fontaine, I. and D. Fourcade, Henri Matisse 1904-
1917, 510. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993.
Translated from the Danish into French.
An article detailing the author' s visit in the spring of 1916 to
the French painter' s studio outside of Paris and his reactions to
GENERAL ARTICLES 243

the large-scale, cubist-influenced works that were to be seen

there.

713. San Lazzaro, G. "L'Ideal feminin d'un grand seigneur." In

XXe Siecle. Hommage ii Henri Matisse, 116-118. Paris:
Cahiers d' Art, 1970.
A speculation on Matisse's ideal "type" of fern ale in his
mature years: "young, tall, and a littIe stupid; the girl that
bankers and politicians of the thirties liked to entertain
luxuriously, a mannequin." In other words, a woman who is a
foil for a luxurious environment, one with whom the male is
not deeply engaged but by means of whom he manifests his
wealth.

714. Schapiro, Meyer. "Matisse and Impressionism." Androcles 1,

1 (1932): 21-36. Flam, no. 88, 289-90.
An article of astonishing perspicuity on Matisse's continuing
debt to impressionism; not in the least dated although it was
written when Schapiro understandably thought (in 1931) that
Matisse's career would begin and end in a more "realist-
impressionist" style. An essay of major importance, drawing
out the consistent formal and iconographic aspects of
Impressionism that inform even the artist's work of 1907-
1917. While not denying the sharp turn in Matisse' s art in
1905 toward an "abstract, decorative" manner and the turn again
in 1917 to a design-saturated naturalism, Schapiro tends to
stress continuities and progress rather than rupture and
reaction.

715. Scheffler, Karl. "Der Sechzigjährige Henri Matisse." Kunst

u. Künstler 28 (1929-30): 287-90.
The critic values Matisse, on the occasion of his Thannhauser
Gallery Retrospective, for the infallible taste, moderation,
delicacy of his work, now farther and farther away from the
emotiveness of Fauvism. Comparing Matisse with Max
Beckmann, he views the former as quintessentially French--
imbued with the happy genius of his race: tradition-preserving,
cool and balanced. According to the author, Matisse manages
244 GENERAL ARTICLES

to balance the opposites of realism and decorative charm,

plasticity and flatness, life\ikeness with doll-like stasis. An
authentie Post-Impressionist in the tradition of Manet,
Cezanne, and Renoir, Matisse's talent is not so much that of
an individual as of an inheritor of the powerful French cultural
tradition.

716. Scheiwiller, Giovanni. "Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art 6,5-6

(1931): 302-307.
The Italian critic's article is of interest for what it argues
against: current ideas in criticism and the judgments of
Matisse's detractors. Of the latter, he admits their claims have
not changed over the years; namely, that Matisse is a facile
decorator, or a bold colorist and that is all, or that he has
become simply fashionable, that he has not the complex
emotional life .of his forbears, Cezanne, Gauguin, and Van
Gogh, that he is superficial, and so on. The author defends the
artist against critics who think it important that one prove an
artist has added something original to the style of the era, or
that he must have an intellectualist foundation to his work, or
that he necessarily have innovative "break-through" periods in
his career. Matisse has had none, Scheiwiller maintains, and
is best studied in and by hirnself, and his work on its own
terms.

717. Schlagheck, Irene. "Der Maler Henri Matisse hatte ... " Art:
das Kunstmagazin 9 (September 1988): 72.
Interview with Pierre Matisse who speaks of his father' s desire
for hirn to be a musician and the press ure this put on hirn as a
youth.

718. Schneider, Pierre. "La Transparence montree." In D'un espace

Cl l'autre: La jenerre, 51-53. Saint-Tropez: Musee de
I'Annonciade, 1978. Exhibition catalogue.
This essay is an excerpt (pp. 452-55) from a chapter entitled
"Goldfish, Studios, Windows," in Schneider's 1984 book,
Matisse. The author treats the symbolism of the window in
two ways: as the traditional sign of the painting itself as a
GENERAL ARllCLES 245

transparent view onto the represented world of the image and as

the sign of the irrevocable-seeming separation between the
secular and the sacred. Schneider believes that Matisse uses
the window's transparency to dissolve the difference in the
latter instance and to overtum a Renaissance convention in the
former by his refusal to privilege either the exterior "framed
landscape" or the opaque plane of a totally two-dimensional
space.

719. Schneider, Pierre. "Die goldene Zeitalter." In Matisse: Das

Goldene Zeitalter, 25-47. Bielefeld: KunsthaIe Bielefeld, 1981.
Exhibition catalogue.

An early statement of the theme that Schneider would develop

in his 1984 monograph on the artist, Matisse, no. 157,
namely, that the overarching content of Matiesse's oevre and
one of his artistic search as a practicing artist was the
reinscription of the conditions of the Golden Age, such as the
ancients conceived it. Schneider traces the theme historicaIly,
with its artistic predecessors such as Ingres and Puvis, and
indicates its presence in a number of major Matisse works.
That the longing for the sacred and the blissful continues to
haunt the non-religious artists of our century, Schneider
affirms, is evident in the works of artists as disparate as Alfred
Jarry and Georges Rouault. Matisse is no exception, and the
Golden Age theme is a key to Matisse's search for plastic
signs that would give an equivalent to the radiant light,
limitless space, and ineffable harmony associated with the
theme. A shorter version of this essay appears as the
introduction to the book, Tout I'oeuvre peint de Matisse,
1904-1928, Paris: Flammarion, 1982, no. 132.
720. Schneider, Pierre. "Pierre Schneider, I'art sacre d'Henri
Matisse." Art Press Int. 87 (1984): 4-8.
An interview of Schneider by Catherine Millet on the occasion
of the publication of his Matisse (1984), preceded by a keen
literary analysis of the book's structure. A very important
articIe in which Schneider lays out the primary ideas behind
246 GENERAL ARTICLES

his portrait of Matisse, a kind of gloss on the whole text

which is very frank and enlightening.

721. Schneider, Pierre. "Une saison decisive.", In Matisse, Ajaeeio-

Toulouse 1898-1899: une saison de peinture, 11-18. Cahiers
Henri Matisse, 4. Toulouse and Nice: 1986. Exhibition
catalogue.
The introductory essay for the catalogue on Matisse's sojoum
in Ajaccio and Toulouse during the year after his marriage.
Schneider emphasizes the great rupture the work of this period,
with its "chromatic anarchy," entailed. Especially valuable is
the complete text of the painter Henri Evenepoel' s letter in
response to seeing Matisse's pochades from Ajaccio; it be ars
out the sense of shock the works produced among bis peers.

722. Schneider, Pierre, with Xavier Girard. "Entretien avec Pierre

Schneider." In Matisse et Tahiti, 12-27. Cahiers Henri
Matisse, 1. Nice: Galerie des Ponchettes, 1986. Exhibition
catalogue.
An important interview in which Schneider speaks of the role
of the voyages "en vancances" in Matisse's working process,
of the way Tahiti became a site or a geographication of his
enduring theme of the Golden Age.
723. Schneider, Pierre. "Una 'Belva' tra i Donatello." In Henri
Matisse, Matisse et l'ltalie. Milan: Mondadori, 1987.
Exhibition catalogue.
A significant article that traces a number of connections
between Matisse and Italy: his use of Italian models, from
Bevilaqua to Lorette; his study of Italian masterworks before
important undertakings of his own; the echo of specific works
by Veronese and Michelangelo in particular Matisse works;
and the study of figures in action, such as Pollaiuolo's
Hereules and Anteus, which enriched a number of works by
Matisse throughout his career.

724. Schneider, Pierre. "The Moroccan Hinge." In Matisse in

Moroeeo, 17-57. Washington, D.C. and New York: National
GENERAL ARllCLES 247

Museum of Art and Abrams, 1990. Exhibition cata]ogue, no.

70.
An absolutely indispensable essay on Matisse's Moroccan
trips in 1912 and 1913, on the work he did there, and on the
importance of the North African experience as a turning point
(hinge) in Matisse's developing esthetic and his artistic
practice. Written after the publication of Schneider' s
comprehensive monograph and with the advantage of new data
(collected for and published in the same catalogue), the essay
develops and deepens Schneider's earlier insights on Matisse
and the Orient. The turn Matisse takes through his Moroccan
trips is toward the integration of imagined and experienced
light, of floral efflorescence and decoration, and of a natural and
invented color. Matisse's three paradisial models, where he
experienced an edenic abundance and bliss, were "mythology,
Morocco, and Polynesia." According to the author, Matisse's
Orientalism after the Moroccan sojourns became an integrated
orientality, based on florality and decoration.

725. Schnier, Jacques. "Matisse from a Psychoanalytic Point of

View." College Art JournaL 12,2(1953): 110-17.
Accepting the position that art's end is self-expresssion, the
portrayal of the inner .self, the author--an American sculptor
born in Romania--outlines, in layman's language, the nature
of the unconscious and its role in both the artist's creative act
and in the spectator's act of understanding. Delivered at the
Matisse Retrospective at the San Francisco Museum of Art in
1952, the essay provides a broad basis for understanding
Matisse's approach to artmaking for a general audience.

726. Schrenk, Klaus. "Genauigkeit ist nicht Wahrheit,

Ausführungen zur Theorie von Henri Matisse." In Henri
Matisse, 20-25. Zürich and Düsseldorf: Kunsthaus Zürich and
Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1982. Exhibition catalogue.
The author examines the "theory" of Matisse with regard to the
pictorial "truth" that it is possible for the artist to achieve or
discover about reality. Far from "exactitude," it involves a
complex and multi-layered conceptual grasping of the object
248 GENERAL ARTICLES

through sensuous means and through the filter of the personal

expression of a strong individual. Schrenk traces this
throughout the major changes in Matisse's style and approach
in a sensitive formal analysis of aspects of his work.

727. Schwob, Rene. "Henri Matisse." Amour de l'art 1,6(1920):

192-95. Flam, no. 88, 182ff.
An extremely perceptive review of Matisse's earlier
achievements, his major corrections of Impressionism, his
pursuit of pure color and the two essential dimensions of
painting (while others were pursuing the chimera of a 4th
dimension), his "imposition of the laws of his mind on the
image of the world." A good faith effort is made to appeciate
the current post-war work, but the author can only hope that,
after aperiod of excessive docility to nature's appearance, the
painter will return to a more intellectual and masterful mode.

728. Seckel, Helene. "L'Academie Matisse." In Paris-New York,

316-33. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1977, 1991.
Exhibition catalogue.
A summary account of the circumstances surrounding the
establishment of Matisse's "School" and the nature of its
students. A fine gathering of the statements and observations
of former pupils and of Matisse hirnself on the enterprise.
This is followed by individual biographical sketches of
Americans influenced by Matisse: Max Weber, Arthur B.
Carles, Patrick Henry Bruce, Arthur G. Dove. Henry Lyman
Sayen, Alfred Henry Maurer, Samuel Halpert, Morton L.
Schamberg, and Charles Sheeler, among others.

729. Sembat, Marcel, "Henri Matisse." Cahiers d'aujourd'hui 4

(April 1913): 185-94. Flam. no. 88, 144-50.
A very important early artic1e on Matisse by his friend, the
socialist deputy of Montmartre, which wittily answers the
charge that Matisse is a charlatan or fool by stressing his
talent, seriousness, and general cuIture. Significant
commentary by Matisse is recorded, concerning his painting
GENERAL ARTICLES 249

Arab Cafe. Matisse considered this the best article written on

hirn to this date.

730. Shenker, Israel. "Maillol's Muse." Art News 84 (April

1985): 108-113.
In an article more generally on the famous artists' model and
dealer, Dina Vierny, a number oftrenchant comments are made
about Matisse. Vierny was sent by Maillol to Matisse, who
did drawings of her (but never a painting) and remained a
lifelong friend. Vierny's observations about Matisse, though
brief, are frank and astute.

731. Shiff, Richard. "Matisse and Origins: Impressionism as

'Modernism;' Making and Finding." In Cezanne and the End
of Impressionism, 55-69. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1984.
In a study that examines the interaction between theory and
practice in the critical discourses of modern painting, a short
chapter is devoted to Matisse. The author sees hirn as a bridge
between Cezanne and the articulated theories of Maurice Denis
and Roger Fry, especially with respect to the notion of
originality, as spelled out in Matisse's own "Notes of a
Painter." Matisse is implicated in a very rich discussion of
whether "originality" arises from, has its "origin" in, nature or
the artist's temperament or technical skill, and whether
originality is a matter of finding (discovery) or making
(premeditated construction). Also at issue is whether
"original" means authentie (sincere), as weIl as simply
different. An extraordinary book, the whole of which
ilIuminates the context in wh ich Matisse's work was produced
and received.

732. Shiff, Richard. "Imitation of Matisse." In Henri Matisse,

40-51. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery and Art Exhbitions
Australia, 1995. Exhibition catalogue.
Distinguishing between copying and imitation, Shiff examines
the kind of imitation engaged in by Matisse, its relation to the
appreciation for children's art and the art of "primitives."
250 GENERAL ARTICLES

Author also deals with the formalist theories of Roger Fry and
Clement Greenberg.

733. Silver, Kenneth. "Matisse's Retour al'Ordre." Art in America

75,6 (June 1987): 110-23.
In a review of the exhibit Henri Matisse: The Early Years in
Nice, 1916-1930, no. 69, Silver objects to what he calls the
"revival" and rehabilitation of the Nice works on esthetic
grounds by Catherine C. Bock and Dominique Fourcade,
especially in the latter's catalogue essay, "An Interrrupted
Story," no. 513. These 1920s works by Matisse are essentially
anti-modern, according to Silver, and pander to a conservative
bourgeois taste that wanted, after World War I, the "return to
order" called for by the right-wing French government. Silver
also implicates Matisse's odalisques in the political mood of
nationalist colonial expansion and exploitation in the interwar
years and contrasts Matisse's prewar male portraits painted in
Morocco with those of the ubiquitous idle females of the
1920s. The works criticized are lavishly iIIustrated in full
color plates.

734. Skansky, V. "Anri Matiss." Zhivoe slovo (October 31,

1911).
Praising Matisse's gifts as a colorist and a decorator, whose
greatest service is that he popularized the ideas of Cezanne for
a larger public, the critic finally calls hirn nothing but "a
colored necktie" with no real progeny. His place has been
superceded by Picasso and cubist experimenters.

735. Spurling, Hilary. "How Matisse Became a Painter."

Burlington Mag. 135, 1084 (July 1993): 463-470.
Spurling, who is preparing a full-scale biography of the artist,
here presents his early years in the light of considerable new
specific data and contextual information. Spurling has much to
say on Matisse's native region, his family genealogy, the
history of the institutions of his early art education, and views
of the young artist by his teachers and peers from the period.
Especially important is the identification of an early influential
GENERAL ARTICLES 251

teacher, Emmanuel Croize, and a discussion of his esthetic

position and manner of teaching. The narrow provincial world
of art teaching and artmaking that Matisse escaped by a
combination of talent, determination, and luck is penetratingly
detailed. An important contribution to the historical
elaboration and/or revlslonism that has begun on the
traditional hagiographical accounts of the artist. The first
volume of Spurling's projected biography of Matisse will be
published in 1996 or 1997 by Hamish Hamilton, London, and
Knopf, New York.

736. Stein, Gertrude. "Portraits: Matisse" [written in 1909].

Camera Work (August 1912). Reprinted in Portraits and
Prayers. New York: Random House, 1934.
A companion portrait to one of Picasso, writtten when Stein's
allegiances were firmly in the Spaniard's "camp," as young
painters began to abandon Fauvism for a nascent Cubism. A
perceptive, witty, altogether malicious portrait with a great
deal of insight and psychological weight, written in Stein' s
style of repetition and "beginning again and again."

737. Stein, Gertrude. "GMP" [written 1911-1912]. In Matisse

Picasso and Gertrude Stein with Two Shorter Stories. Paris:
Plain Edition, 1933.
A virtually impenetrable piece written in Stein's most abstruse
and den se style, as she made her transition from the prose of
The Making 0/ Americans to the more playful and elliptical
style of Tender Buttons.

738. Stein, Gertrude. "Storyette H. M." In Portraits and Prayrers,

40. New York: Random House, 1934.
A one-paragraph vignette on an incident between Matisse and
his wife, which wittily demonstrates the artist's manipulation
ofhis wife's feelings to get his own way.

739. Stein, Gertrude. Chapter 3 and 5: "Gertrude Stein in Paris,

1903-1907" and "1907-1914." In The Autobiography 0/ Alice
B. Toklas. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1933.
252 GENERAL ARTICLES

Tbe American writer' s reminiscence of her early years in Paris,

when she and her family first purchased Matisse's Woman
with a Hat from the 1905 Salon d' Automne. Matisse remains
a fairly prominent player in the narrative until he is replaced
by Picasso as Stein's favored painter-friend. Not to be read for
historical accuracy but for the atmosphere of the period and for
insightful anecdotes and psychological observations. After
some hesitation, Matisse was persuaded to join in a rebuttal of
certain aspects of Stein's account, no. 40.

740. Stein, Leo. "Personal Adventures," "More Adventures" and

"17 rue de Fleurus." In Appreciation: Painting, Poetry and
Prose, 139-208. New York: Crown Publishers, 1947.
An astute and well-written account of the author's early years
in Paris with his sister, Gertrude, when they were admirers of
Cezanne and early patrons of Matisse and Picasso. In
analyses and anecdotes about the two painters, the author's
Matisse compares favorably with the Spanish painter in
theoretical intelligence, clarity of intent, and steadfastness of
purpose, though he is not without deficiencies in rhythm. An
essential early account to be read along with Gertrude Stein's
Autobiography oj Alice B. Toklas.

741. Taillandier, Yvon. "Matisse et la prehistoire du bonheur." In

XXe Siecle. Hommage ii Henri Matisse, 85-95. Paris: Cahiers
d' Art, 1970.
The author discusses the theme of Paradise that so often recurs
in the artist's work. The paradise of Matisse-land has a
recurrence of rounds of dancers, circling fish, boneless fetal
humans of indeterminate sex, often incarcerated in line or color
fields and in a restricted spatial plane. Tbe paradise, Taillandier
notes, is a pre-natal one and surprisingly vegetal. The
plenitude of the scene is given in a difficult or frustrating way;
in achieving appreciation of these works, the vi ewer feels he or
she has earned the paradise offered. An important early
psychological reading of this theme, not to be developed until
Margaret Werth's study of 1990, no. 874.
GENERAL ARllCLES 253

742. Teriade, E. "Edouard Manet vu par Henri-Matisse."

L'Instransigeant 1932. Reprinted in Bonjour Monsieur Manet,
51. Paris: Musee National d'Art Modeme, 1983.
An important interview on the occasion of a Manet
Retrospective when Matisse speaks frankly of Manet' s
contribution to modern painting and of his debt to hirn.
Matisse speaks of the immediacy of Manet's technique,
Manet's reflexive reaction to his sensations that results in
simplication, and the power of direct sensations to liberate the
instinct. Manet developed personal and enduring signs in
painting, according to Matisse, to express his sensation
plastically.

743. Teriade, E. "L' Actualite de Matisse." Cahiers d'art 4, 5

(1929): 285-98.
Beyond movements, theories, and tendencies, the work of
"great creators," such as Matisse, give the epoch its
"indivisible unity." Teriade credits Matisse with being, after
the great post-impressionists Cezanne, Seurat, Van Gogh, and
Renoir, one of the important "regulators" of the spontaneity of
impressionist naturalism. The artist maintains pictorial
liberty (Fauvism) and the order of synthesis (in works like The
Piano Lesson of 1916). Teriade claims that Matisse's present
work in 1929 manifests an order that does not cry out but that
is "a secret base so natural that one is able to forget it."

744. Teriade, E. "Matisse Speaks." Art News 50, 8 (November

1951): 40-71. Reprinted in Art News Annual 21 (1951).
A long and comprehensive "interview" with Matisse covering
his whole career that seems to be an elaborated collage of
earlier interviews and recent statements by the artist.
Nevertheless, the article gathers together a remarkable wealth
of material on and by the artist by someone who knew Matisse
weil, especially in his later years.

745. Terrasse, Antoine. "A Force de I'instant." Nouvelle rev.

jranraise 18,211 (July 1970): 78-81.
254 GENERAL ARllCLES

The author offers a comparison of a painting by Matisse to

music--for the justness of its single elements within an ordered
and successive whole. The analogy is elegantly elaborated:
Matisse's work evidences "instants in combination," timbres,
orchestration, movement, counterpoint, and so on.

746. Terrasse, Antoine. "Matisse et Bonnard: quarante ans

d'amitie," Rev. de ['art 64 (1984): 77-84. Reprinted in Pierre
Bonnard. Zurich: Kunsthaus, 1984. Exhibition catalogue.
A comparison of the two artists in their painterly similarities,
in their parallel view of art, in their personal artistic goals.
The essay prefaces the first publication of the correspondence
between the two artists, no. 26.

747. Thau, Eugene-Victor. "L'Art d'Henri Matisse devant la critique

americaine." Beaux-Arts (Bruxelles) 551 (December 14,
1951): 4.
Review of MoMA's 1951 Matisse retrospective, which praises
the artist as painter and draughtsman but finds his sculpture
disappointing. Suggests that nothing new about Matisse is to
be learned from the show by a European, although some works
may be new to Americans.

748. Thirion, J. "Musees de Nice: l'enrichissement des collections

modernes de 1958 a 1964." Rev. du Louvre 17, I (1967): 55-
61.
The author reviews the works given by the Matisse heirs to
the city of Nice, recently (1963) installed on the first floor of
the seventeenth-century palace which is also a museum of
Gallo-Roman antiquities. A fairly thorough inventory is made
of the some twenty canvases, one hundred drawings and prints,
a complete series of Matisse's illustrated books, and many
personal items--pottery and furniture, mostly--that Matisse
used again and again in his paintings. Madame Matisse saw to
this bequest before her death, and it is an archival resource for
the Matisse scholar as much as an exhibition of works,
considering the large number of sketches for the Barnes
Foundation mural and the Chapel of the Rosary, as weIl as
GENERAL ARTICLES 255

other intimate items that the artist left in his studio at the time
of his death.

749. Toklas, Alice. "Some Memories." Yale Literary Magazine

123 (Fall 1955): 15-16.
AgentIe anecdotal remembrance of Matisse in which the
usually tart Miss Toklas seems to have mellowed in her
judgments.

750. Trapp, Frank. "Matisse and the Spirit of Art Nouveau." Yale
Literary Magazine 123 (Fall 1955): 29-34. A minimally
revised, but fully illustrated, version was published as "Art
Nouveau Aspects ofEarly Matisse." College Art Journal 26,
1 (Fall 1966): 2-8.
Trapp posits the importance of the turn-of-the-century modern
decorative style known as Art Nouveau on the art of Matisse at
a crucial point in his career, namely, during the making of
Joy 01 Life (1906). The author reviews the history of Art
Nouveau--its self-conscious modernity through abstraction and
its relation to Symbolism--and makes a strong case for
Matisse' sattraction to the style as an alternative to
Impressionism. Ultimately, it opened an alternative for
Matisse to Cubism as weil; Harmony in Red (1908) and
Dance (1910) are analysed as being in the Art Nouveau style
and spirit. An important early article on a thesis Trapp would
develop in his later writings.

751. Trapp, Frank Anderson. "The Atelier Gustave Moreau." Art

Journal 22,2 (Winter 1962-1963): 92-95.
A sympathetic review ofMoreau's role as a beloved teacher of
Matisse, Rouault, Evenepoel and others, especially in matters
of color, of capturing the intimacy of objects and models, and
of the role of the imagination in interpreting nature.

752. Vallier, Dora. "Matisse revu, Matisse a revoir." Nouvelle

rev. Iran~aise 211 (July 1, 1970): 54-64.
256 GENERAL ARTICLES

Vallier suggests that Matisse's "Notes of a Painter" and his

production from 1908-1914 negotiate aspace between
nineteenth -century practice, which he repudiates, and Cubism,
which he also resists. She suggests that Matisse turned to the
abstract nature-fonns of Art Nouveau and then to Islamic art
as an alternative foundation for his surface-oriented rhythmic
compositions, taking up cubist insights only from a position
of strength when he was able to investigate them for his own
structural needs. An insightful artic1e following upon the
1970 centenary exhibition in Paris.

753. Verdet, Andre. "Les Heures azureenes." In XXe Siecle.

Hommage a Henri Matisse, 113-115. Paris: Cahiers d'Art,
1970.
A reprint of a chapter, "Recontre a Saint-Paul" in the author's
Prestiges de Matisse, PreeMe de visite aMatisse, Entretiens
avee Matisse, 113-117. Paris, Editions Emile-Paul, 1952, no.
166.

754. Vildrac, Charles. "Exposition Henri Matisse." In Exposition

Henri Matisse. Paris, October 15, 1920. Bernheim-Jeune
exhibition catalogue. Flam, no. 88, 198-99.
Author praised the artist's "unity of vision" and "quality of
eye," through which he is able to find an equivalent for the
dazzling sun-washed brightness of his Nice scenes. Watching
Matisse arrange his wet rays [skates] on the beach with the
c1iffs at Etretat in the distance, he notes that the artist details
the c1iffs only insofar as they are "a decor and boundary," for it
is "in relation to boundaries that we feel the space." Matisse's
"freshness" is achieved through reflection, in time, and with
great difficulty of realization.

755. Vildrac, Charles. Introduction. In Seize reproduetions d'apres

fes tabfeaux de Henri-Matisse. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1921.
Flam, no. 88, 202.
A book of half-tone plates of recent paintings is prefaced by
Vildrac's essay describing a visit to Matisse's hotel room
where it is evident to the writer that the painter's objects have
GENERAL ARTICLES 257

their true "reality," their enchantment, only in the artist's

paintings. They are otherwise commonplace and without soul.
Matisse' s quality and unity of vision are praised.

756. Vildrac, Charles. "Henri Matisse." Das Kunstblatt 7 (July

1921): 214-19.
The author gives a spirited defense and analysis of a few of
Matisse's early Nice interiors, with their delicacy of color-
tone, lightness of touch, and simultaneous depth-illusion and
surface orientation. He counters the accusation that Matisse's
work lacks control and deliberation. The spontaneity is
iIIusory, according to Vildrac; all of Matisse's mastery of
traditional means and of Cezanne's lessons in color-scale has
gone into these works.

757. Warnod, Andre, "Matisse est de retour." Arts 26 (July 27,

1945): 1
A note on Matisse' s first extended visit to Paris after the
period of German occupation.

758. Watson, Forbes. "Henri Matisse," Arts 11 (January 1927):

29-40. Flam, no. 88, 225-28.
Watson defends Matisse on the basis of the artist's
intelligence, his painting knowledge, and his eye. One needs
to know quite a lot about painting to appreciate Matisse--the
eliminations, reductions, complex patternings. Although
subject matter has become less important in modern art,
Matisse still needs to establish a human connection with
models and objects; he is not his best in the wholly abstract.
He is always wholly esthetic, however, and wholly French.
Matisse's later works, according to the author, though gay and
often pretty, are not inferior to his earlier work. Not bowing
to the demand for the startlingly new, Matisse had found his
natural language, from which emanates calm pleasure.

759. Watson, Forbes. "The Carnegie International." Arts 17

(November 1930): 65-72; (December 1930): 167-171+.
258 GENERAL ARTICLES

An extensive review, in two parts, of the show that Matisse

juried; photo of Matisse with fellow jurors.

760. Watt, Alexander. "Paris Commentary." Studio 138 (October

1949): 125-27.
Review of the Fourth Salon of Mural Art at the Chapel of the
Palace of the Popes in Avignon, Matisse's show at the Musee
Nationale de !'Art Modeme, and Picasso's at the Maison de Ia
Pensee Fran~aise. Watt is critical of Picasso's work--"twisted
fantasies, which are destructive rather than constructive" --but
has high praise for Matisse's 1947-48 paintings and large india
ink brush drawings, as well as some paper cut-outs, which he
feels are a "new beginning."

761. Weber, Max. ["On Matisse's School"], Lecture at the

Museum of Modern Art, New York, October 22, 1951. Flam,
no. 88, 98-102.
A detailed reminiscence of the student who, along with Hans
Purrmann and Sally Stein, initiated the Matisse Academy in
January 1908. Perhaps the most extensive description we
have of Matisse as a teacher and mentor. An important first-
hand description of Matisse's pedagogy, his interest in music,
his appreciation of contemporary and of African art, and his
esthetic principles, in these productive years.
762. Weekes, Ann Owens. "Students' Self-Image: Representations
of Women in 'High' Art and Popular Culture." Women's Art
Journal 13, 2 (Fall 1992 I Winter 1993): 32-38.
The author, an educator and feminist, examines the responses
of her female students to Matisse's Seated Odalisque with
Arms Raised, Green Striped Chair (1923) and Suzanne
Valadon's The Blue Room (1923) as the occasion for
reflection on the tendency of women to interiorize
representations of themselves in their culture. Weekes draws
on Berger, Mulvey, Chodorow, Modlewski, Janeway, and
others for theoretical support and examines general texts on the
History of Western Art for their inclusion of examples of
GENERAL ARllCLES 259

works of and by women. There IS little analysis of the

Matisse work.

763. Weisner, Ulrich. "Die bildliche Vergegenwärtigung des

Goldenen Zeitalters bei Matisse [The Pictorial Realization of
the Golden Age by Matisse]." In Henri Matisse, Das Goldene
Zeitalter, 65-71. Bielefeld: Kunsthalle Bielefeld, 1981.
Exhibition catalogue.
The author deals with Matisse's use of the arabesque from a
formal point of view and from that of content. He argues that
Matisse's deployment of the arabesque, while fully decorative
in the sense of generating an elastic compositional structure
that expands the picture surface as a mural also functions to
preserve the painting from the ornamental, giving it plasticity
and "depth" in every sense. But the arabesque also slows down
the eye of the viewer, inducing a meditative attitude, in which
relationships of fulfilling mutuality are recognized and prized.
As they are also experienced, in the viewing agent's psyche,
they make possible a Golden Age experience of harmony
between things, the self and the world. A subtly argued essay.

764. Werner, Alfred. "The Earthly Paradise of Henri Matisse."

Arts Mag. 40 (January 1966): 30-35.
Written on the occasion of the Los Angeles Matisse
Retrospective of 1966, the author admits that his opinion of
Matisse had changed since seeing the 1948 Retrospective at the
Philadelphia Museum of Art. In a summarizing article on
Matisse's achievement, Werner newly appreciates the artist's
"epicurean" traits, seeing them fully under control of skill and
classical harmony. Matisse is neither a bloodless intellectual
nor a mindless hedonist, as has been charged by critics.

765. Werner, Alfred. "The Life-Enhancing World of Henri

Matisse." American Artist 40 (August 1976): 20-25, 62+.
Written on the occasion of the Fauve exhibtion, The Wild
Beasts: Fauvism and Its Affinities, at MoMA, this article is of
a more general nature, written by a critic newly enriched by the
reading of Matisse's recently anthologized writings and
260 GENERAL ARTICLES

Schneider's 1970 Centenary catalogue. An appreciative

overview of the artist's life, reputation, and work.

766. Werth, Leon. "Matisse." In La Peinture et La Mode, 144-49.

Paris: Grasset, 1945.
Provocative thesis (by a critic of impeccable socialist
credentials) that Matisse 's career alternates periods of "health"
or normalcy with those of "fever," the former producing work
of universal accessiblity, the latter, work of strained
intellectuality and innovation. of fashion.

767. Whitehall, W. M. "Some Correspondence of Matthew Stewart

Prichard and Isabella Stewart Gardner." Fenway Court (1974):
10-29.
An informative artic1e on the correspondence of Mrs. Isabella
Stewart Gardner and Matisse's English friend, Matthew
Stewart Prichard, student of Bergson and of Byzantine art in
Paris after he quit the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Prichard
had developed many theories on the role of museums, on art
education, and on the relation of art to life. Learned and yet a
life-Iong student, Prichard wrote of his contacts with Matisse
in the pre-World War I years and sheds a good deal of light on
the Parisian milieu in which Matisse participated at that time.

768. Wight, Frederick S. "Matisse: Fabric vs. Flesh." Art News

64,9 (January 1966): 26-9,64-5.
On the occasion of the Matisse Retrospective at the University
of California in Los Angeles in 1966, the author suggests that
Matisse remained as good as he did over a long lifetime
because he participated in an "orderly revolution, [perhaps]
simply evolution in a hurry." Still. the late work has to be
seen as a renewed revolution, in which the body is simply
affirmed, and the mind complexly engaged.

769. Wilkin, Karen. "Matisse at MoMA." Partisan Rev. 60, 1

(1993): 78-89.
GENERAL ARTICLES 261

A brisk walk-through of the Matisse Retrospective, with notes

that are full of fresh insights and c1arifying observation on
some of the major works shown. An artic1e for the intelligent
layman, written in an engaging and colorful journalistic prose.

770. Wilkin, Karen. "After the Retrospective: Matisse and Picasso."

Hudson Rev. 46 (Spring 1993): 195-200.
Occasioned by the week -long confrontation of 1907-1916
Matisse canvases with three powerful Picasso works, Two
Nudes (1906), Demoiselles d'Avignon (1908), Bathers in a
Forest (1908) at MoMA after the Matisse Retrospective, this
artic1e reflects on the reciprocal influence of the two. Wilkin
c10sely analyzes the monumental bathers of Matisse (for
example, Bathers with a Turtle and Bathers by a River) and
reviews their impact on the moderns, though Matisse is, she
believes, less imitable than Picasso.

771. Will-Levaillant, Francoise. "Note sur 'L' Affaire' de la

Pravda." Cahier du Musee National d'Art Modeme 9, (1982):
146-49.
A documentary presentation of the press coverage of a speech
by Guerassimov reported in Pravda on August 11, 1947,
denouncing formalist, bourgeois western art as exemplified by
Picasso and Matisse. As a controversy in the French press, it
was timely because of Picasso's membership in the French
Communist Party, the latter' s des ire to win over the artistic
and cultural establishment, the effects it had on the realism-vs-
abstraction debate in Paris, and the manipulation of French
nationalism to bring the French into the Soviet camp rather
than the American sphere of influence. Of first importance for
post-war French history and art history; good bibliography on
the affair.

772. Wollen, Peter. "Fashion/ Orientalism/ the Body." New

Formations 1 (Spring, 1987): 5-33.
A wide-ranging artic1e on the mapping of gender onto theories
of production and consumption in capitalism (Veblen, Weber,
Sombart) and the manifestation of this in the culture of
262 GENERAL ARTICLES

modernity. The alternative model to modernity as purity,

functionalism, engineering, and abstraction (Western and
masculine) is that of sensuality, decoration, exoticism, and
excess (Oriental and feminine). The author credits Diaghilev's
Ballet Russes for introducing the latter model, Paul Poiret' s
fashions for popularizing it, and Henri Matisse's art for raising
it to High Culture. The "feminized," "orientalized" model bears
an excess of the primitive and chaotic along with an excess of
artificiality and mannered self-consciousness. Wollen wants to
"disentangle and deconstruct" the antimonies of functionall
decorative, machinelbody, masculine/feminine, westleast by
allowing the "other" (east, feminine) to retextualize her own
body and desires.

773. Wollheim, Richard, and Wayne Thiebaud. "Matisse at

MoMA: [Richard Wollheim interviews Wayne Thiebaud on
the Matisse exhibition]." Modern Painters 6, 3 (Autumn
1993): 56-61.
A wonderful exchange between two knowledgeable and
sensitive Matisse-watchers that covers issues from Matisse's
spatial strategies to his psychological fragility, from Matisse's
"slicing, chopping, hacking, severing, sawing, snipping,
nipping, c1eaving, slashing, truncating, cropping" line that is
always sculptural and form-shaping to his "admirable
ambition" which risks the less-successful, but still heroic,
works in his oeuvre. A most stimulating discussion.

774. Wright, Willard Huntington. "Henri-Matisse." In Modern

Painting: Its Tendency and Meaning. New York: Dodd, Mead,
1915.
The author, brother of the synchromist painter, Stanton
MacDonald Wright, stresses Matisse' s debt to Neo-
Impressionism in learning to handle color as a force, a source
of light, and the major vehic1e of his expression. Wright is
knowledgable about the issues relating to color harmony and
credits Matisse's color with "extending objects in visual depth"
through flat, unmodeled color.
GENERAL ARTICLES 263

775. Yavorskaya, N. "Khudozhestvennaya zhizn' vo Frantsi v

1930-kh godakh i dvizhenie Narodnogo front [Artistic Life in
France in. the 1930s and the Popular Front Movement]."
lsskustvo 10 (1973): 52-61.
Author claims to better understand the works of modernists--
Picasso, Matisse, Leger, Lur~at, Braque--in the late twenties
(of which she was a witness) as symptoms of the turmoil and
crises in Europe which would erupt in the 1930s. The art of
the Popular Front is seen as the occasion of a return to
realism, which was continued into the post-War decade.

776. Zarate, V. Gonzales de. "Matisse y Rouault frente al mito

hist6rico de Ia 'Belle Epoque' ." Revista de Ideas Esteticas
(Spain) 31, 123 (July-September 1973): 177-99.
In a revisionist article on the "Belle Epoque" as a period of
gaiety and prosperity, the author sees it as a period of tension
and anarchism as well. Rouault and Matisse are used as two
possible reactions to this situation. The former's view ts
religious and reformative, the latter's esthetic and escapist.

777. Zerner, Henri. "Matisse and the Colours of Light." Times

Lit. Supp. 4677 (November 20, 1992): 13-14.
An extended review of the MoMA Matisse Retrospective, this
essay reviews the installation favorably and calls Elderfield's
catalogue essay "heroic" in the comprehensiveness of its aims.
Zerner notes the importance of the esthetic break that occurs in
Matisse's work with the Barnes mural, the importance of the
scale of the cut-outs (not well represented in the show) which
is not realized in the easel paintings of the forties, and the
romantic elements that still permeate Matisse's aims.

778. Zervos, Christian. "Idealisme et naturalisme dans Ia peinture

moderne, Part IV: Henri Matisse." Cahiers d'art 3, 2 (1928):
158-63.
This essay, richly illustrated with mostly female portraits by
Matisse, does not so much as mention the artist. Zervos
makes the case for the plastic arts to recognize their relation to
264 GENERAL ARTICLES

instinct, always allied to the material, and to avoid the attempt

to render infinity or the depths of the soul. Art has much to
contribute to the spiritual life but must do so by drawing on
sensible impressions. The plastic arts, when great, always
result from the confrontation with two models, one exterior,
the other interior.

779. Zervos, Christian. "L'importance de I'objet dans Ia peinture

d'aujourd'hui." Cahiers d'art 5, 3 (1930): 113-120.
While earlier epochs were more concerned with nature in its
grander, more cosmic aspects, the search for signs for animals
and humans dominated the later ones. After the Renaissance's
intense concentration on Man, the object began to be
portrayed, especially in the Northern European countries,
Flanders, the Low Countries and France, embodying a range of
values. With Cezanne, genre divisions have disappeared, either
objects, figures, or vistas being treated as plastic vehicles of
emotion, real or ideal. Matisse and Picasso, moderns, do not
imitate the object but produce in the spectator the effect that
the object produced. While praising Matisse's recent work,
Zervos states his yet higher regard for the incisive style of
1910-17, with its melodic line and sonorous color. Matisse
reproductions from this earlier period.

780. Zervos, Christian. "Notes sur Ia formation et le

developpement de )'oeuvre de Henri-Matisse." Cahiers d'art 6,
5-6 (1931 ): 229-316. Flam, no.88, 269-71.
The author echos Matisse's belief that his work must be seen
in its "organic" evolution, as a whole. His freedom is one of
order, continuous volition, solidly supported by his deepest
instincts, having a sharp sense of the real, and governed by his
lucidity. Zervos places no value on innovation for its own
sake; Matisse's shifts of style are based on self-knowledge.
Shunning a search for "nervous jolts" of change, Matisse has
continued the revolution undertaken by Cezanne; along with
the Cubists, whose influences he absorbed, concludes Zervos,
Matisse has made "the contemporary Paris school what it is
today: the greatest in the world."
 v
Indi vidual Works

Painting, Paper Cut-Outs

Academie de I'Homme (Musee Cantini)

781. Cousinou, Oli vier. "U n Achat des musees de Marseille:
L'Academie d'homme (1900-1901) de Henri Matisse." Rev. du
Louvre et des Musees de France 41, 1 (1991): 119-25.
Analysis of the work, recently acquired by the Musee Cantini,
and an account of the artist' s cIose study of Cezanne when the
canvas was painted.

Annelies, White Tulips and Anemones (Honolulu

Academy of Arts)
782. "Friends give Matisse Painting Annelies, tulipes blanches, et
anemones." Honolulu Academy 0/ Arts News Bull. 8, 6
(lune 1946): 1-2.
Museum News account of the acquisition of the canvas.

Apollo / Paper Cut-Out (Moderna Museet)

783. Ellenius, Allan. "I ApolIons tecken." Konstrevy 2 (1969): 2,
92-94.
An interpetation of Matisse's ApolIon with reference to
sources in Bernard de Montfaucon's Supplement au livre de
l'antiquite expliquee et representee enfigures, Vol. I, Les dieux
des grecs et des romains of 1724, particularly images of the
fructifying Sun God, Apollo, on sarcophagus reliefs.

265
266 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

784. Cavallius, Gustaf. Matisses ApolIon, Ett collage om

västerlandet och varlden. Göteborg, Sweden: Konst-
vetenskapliga Institutionen Göteborgs Universitet, 1984. In
Swedish.
The first part of this article investigates the more formal
elements of the composition; the second pursues a detailed
iconographical referencing of the motifs of sun, sea, and
rectangles to mythical figures of Apollo, Daphne, Phaethon,
Marsyas, and Orpheus, as weil as the figure of Christ.

785. Kery, Bert-Alan. "ApolIon och det mytologiska hos Matisse

(Apollo and the Mythological in Matisse)." Konsthistorisk
Tidskrift 56 (1987): 157-68. In Swedish with English
summary.
An interpretation of Matisse's ApolIon based on the artist's
habitual usage of mythological materials, for example, Icarus,
Amphitrite, Venus. Draws on the antique sources identified in
earlier Swedish literature on the piece. (Cf. Ellenius and
Cavallius, nos. 783 and 784).

786. Lagerlöf, Margaretha Rossholm. "Bildtolkningen som

metafor, en teori i Ijuset av Matisses ApolIon (Pictorial
Integration as Metaphor)." Konsthistorisk Tidskrift 53
(1984): 18-29. In Swedish with English summary.
A study of divergent readings of Matisse's mural in order to
explore the methodological problem of the interpretation of
artistic images. A subtle argument is made for the potential
integration or interaction of diverse interpretive sources in a
process comparable to what occurs in metaphor.

787. Linde, DIf. "Matisses ApolIon . .. BLM 26, 9 Stockholm

(1957); also in Henri Matisse, das plastische Werk. Zurich:
Kunsthaus, 1958. Exhibition catalogue.
An interpretation of the ApolIon mural in terms of the Apollo
and Daphne myth as found in Ovid's Metamorphoses.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 267

788. Prendeville, Brendan. "Theatre, Manet, and Matisse, the

Nietzschean Sense of Time in Art. " Artscribe 14 (October
1978): 26-33.
Using the mural ApolIon and the Chapel at Vence as examples
of the Apollonian and Dionysian poles of Matisse's art, the
author relates these works to Manet's theatricality and
Nietzsche's notions of time, achieved--for the visual artist--
through dramatic space.

789. Wenneberg, Bo. "ApolIon and the Aged Matisse."

Konsthistorisk Tidskrijt 58, 1 (1989): 22-23.
A short musing on the elderly Matisse who, with his "luggage
packed up," waited for "the last train" and amused himself with
new challenges in cut-paper "melanges." Wenneberg finds
these late compositions such as ApolIon, in Bernard Shaw's
phrase, "plays pleasant" -- compositions whose playful anarchy
is often held in check by a symmetry that Matisse seldom used
in his youth.

Apples (Still Life) (Art Institute of Chicago, ex. Marx)

790. "Double Matisse holiday: two monumental works enter
American collections: Studio {Quai Saint Michel] acquired by
Phillips gallery and Nature morte {Apples] acquired by S.A.
Marx." Art News 39 (December 28, 1940): 6-7+.
Account of the acquisitions of the two works in question.

Arab Cafe (Hermitage)

791. Noghid, I. "The Restoration of Matisse's Painting Arab
Coffeehouse." In Bulletin of the Central Research Laboratory
for Conservation and Restoration, Moscow, 1970. In Russian.
A technical report on the state of the work and its restoration.

792. Sembat, Marcel. "Henri Matisse." Cahiers d'aujourd'hui 4

(April 1913): 185-94.
An important article by the socialist deputy of Montmartre
which includes important remarks on the Cafi Maure (Arab
Cafi) by both the author and Matisse.
268 INDWIDUAL WORKS

Asia (KimbaII Art Museum)

793. Moncrieff, Elspeth. "Art Market: A Look Back at 1992."
Apollo 136 (December 1992): 412-13.
An artic1e on the market which records the sa1e at Sotheby' s of
Asia (1946) to Bill AcquaveIIa, bidding on behalf of the
KimbaII Art Museum, for $12.1 million.

Balthazar Castiglione (Bagnols-sur-Ceze)

794. Benjamin, Roger. "Une copie par Matisse du Balthazar
Castiglione (Bagnols-sur-Ceze) du Raphael." Rev. du Louvre
et des Musees de France 35,4 (1985): 275-77.
A detai1ed historical account of one of the last copies that
Matisse painted (1904) in hopes of a sale to the State--its
actual purchase by the French government and the role played
by this Raphael canvas in the work of young painters of the
period. Author analyzes the influence of this portrait's
expressive arrangement of form on Matisse's subsequent
original portraiture.

Bather (Museum of Modern Art)

795. "Modern Museum to get aMatisse: Baigneuse. fond bleu."
Art News 34 (January 11, 1936): 14.
A note on the acquisition of the painting by the museum.

Bathers by a River (Art Institute of Chicago)

796. Bock, Catherine C. "Henri Matisse's Bathers by a River."
The Art Institute of Chicago Mus. Studies 16, 1 (1990): 44-
55.
An iconographic interpretation of the painting in relation to
the wartime situation in which it was resumed and to artistic
problems relevant to the discourse on the future of Cubism in
1915-16.

797. Carrier, David. '''You, Too, Are in Arcadia': the Place of the
Spectator in Matisse's Shchukin Triptych." Word & Image
10,2 (April-June 1994): 119-137.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 269

After reviewing the existing interpretations of Bathers by the

Stream, the author turns to Leo Steinberg's analysis of
Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon as a model for a new
framework in which to consider the Matisse panel(s). That
interpretive stategy is to investigate the role of the spectator in
establishing the picture's unity and meaning. Carrier suggests
that Matisse's Bathers presents an Arcadian image but one that
is accessible from a spectator's position in the real world, thus
presenting the unreachable as still able to be experienced in a
bodily perceptual mode. A rich and evocative artic1e.

798. Neff, lohn Hallmark. "Matisse and Decoration: the Shchukin

Panels." Art in Amer. 63 (July-August 1975): 38-48.
An artic1e of the first importance on the ensemble of paintings
Dance, Music and (the original) Bathers by a River. Neff
establishes convincingly that the third painting, Bathers, was
originally intended by Matisse as part of a tri-partite program
for Shchukin's staircase. (Neff also c1ears up the "studio" vs.
"staircase" translation of Charles Estienne's interview with
Matisse in 1909 in which Matisse speaks of the total
program.) A very rich and complete treatment of the
circumstances surrounding the commission.

799. Trapp, Frank. "Form and Symbol in the Art of Matisse

[Bathers by the River}." Arts Mag. 49 (May 1975): 56-58.
A modified version of the more detailed and elaborate
iconographical interpretation of this painting contained in the
author's unpublished dissertation, The Paintings 0/ Henri
Matisse, Origins and Early Development, 1890-1917, no. 165.

Bathers with a Turtle (St. Louis Art Museum)

800. "Recent Acquisitions." St. Louis Mus. Bull. I (May 1965):
I.
A short note of the work's provenance and acquisition by the
St. Louis Museum of Art.

801. [Chetham, Charles.] "Matisse's Bathers with a Turtle (City

Art Museum, St. Louis)." Burlington Mag. 108. 755
270 INDNIDUAL WORKS

(February 1966): 90. First published as Museum Monograph

I, City Art Museum, St. Louis.
A note on the history of the painting's importance and its
place in Matisse's artistic development.

802. Flam, Jack. "Bathers with a Turtle." Art News 89 (December

1990): 101-02.
Flam analyzes the work in terms of its powerful, expressive
charge that "somehow seem[s] to affect your central nervous
system" when viewing the work. He points up the work's
unresolved, hence intriguing, formal and iconographic aspects
and offers an original interpretation based on "primitivism and
notions of becoming," comparing it to Picasso's Three
Wornen of the same year.

803. Rousseau, Claudia. "'Une Femme s'honore par son silence;'

sources et signification de Baigneuses aLa tortue de Matisse,"
Rev. de l'art 92 (1991): 76-86.
A careful tracing from cIassical times of the motif of the
woman with a turtle at or under her foot as a symbol of
womanly silence, obedience, and passivity. In combination
with the gesture of self-silencing in the central figure in
Bathers with a TurtLe, the animal accords with conventional
precepts for married women to be silent and submissive, but--
in the early twentieth century--the "new woman" may have
looked with dread on this stultifying role. The author makes
good use of the possibility that Gauguin's views of women
(and the terrifying limitations in their sexual choices) and his
symbolic representations of them may have had an impact on
Matisse's allegorical portrayals of nude figures from 1907 to
1910. Rousseau plausibly implicates the two versions of
Luxe land 11 in her interpretation of this work. An erudite
and, on the whole, convincing iconographical interpretation of
the work.

Beasts of the Sea (National Gallery of Art)

804. Cowart, Jack. "Matisse's Artistic Probe: The Collage." Arts
Mag. 49, 9 (May-June, 1975): 53-55.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 271

A careful, mostly formal analysis of the cut-paper composition

Les betes de La mer under the larger context of its collage
traditions. Author also relates the cut-paper work to other
contemporary projects.

805. Cappadonna, Diana A., and Thomas A. Kane. "Textures of

the Spirit: the Arts of Fantasy." Liturgy 24: 1 (January
1979): 20-25.
Authors relate the joys of artistic experience, particularly in
modern art, to a religious perspective of incarnational
theology. Matisse's cut-paper work is highlighted, along with
works by Miro, Caro, Calder, Arp, Noguchi, and Motherwell,
by being reproduced along with an original haiku for each
work.

BIue Nude, Souvenir of Biskra (Baitimore Museum of

Art)
806. Cone, Edward T. "Aunt Claribel's Blue Nude Wasn't Easy to
Like." Art News 79 (September 1980): 162-63.
An anecdotal memoir by Claribel Cone's nephew, a composer
and professor of music at Princeton, of his first introduction to
the painting in 1928 when he was eleven years old. His
discussion includes a mature appreciation of the work from his
present perspective.

807. Hoog, Michel. "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon et la peinture a

Paris." Gaz. beaux-arts 6,82 (October 1973): 209-16.
In an article on the sources and influences on Picasso's
landmark painting, Hoog positions Matisse's Blue Nude as a
major challenge to Picasso and as an example of a new
primitivism of style and content.

808. Williams, William Carlos. "A Matisse." Contact (January

1921). Reprinted in The William Carlos Wilfiams Reader.
New York: New Directions, 1931.
An essay written around 1920 in remembrance of seeing BLue
Nude at the Exhibition of Modern Art at the Montross Gallery
272 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

in New York in 1915. It begins: "On the French grass, in that

room on Fifth Ave., lay that woman who had never seen my
own poor land," thus conflating an experience of the image in
the painting, an American response to it, and the process by
which the meaning of an art work expands experientially.

Blue Nude I , Gouache Decoupee (Beyeier Collection)

809. Elderfield, John. "Henri Matisse, Blue Nude I, 1952." In
European Master Paintings from Swiss Collections, Post-
Impressionism to World War II, 76. New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1976. Exhibition catalogue.
Catalogue commentary on the work, relating it to the pictorial
framework of painting and the direct carving of sculpture.

810. Cassou, Jean. Henri Matisse: Carnet de dessins. 2 vols.

Paris: Huguette Beres and Berggruen & Cie, 1955.
Two slip-cased volumes, one of which is a facsimile of
Matisse' s notebook sketches for his first series of Blue Nudes
I-IV. The second volume, a long essay on the artist, does not
deal specifically with the works illustrated. See no. 224 for
summary of the text.

Blue Still Life (Barnes Foundation)

811. Flam, Jack. "Blue Still Life (Nature morte bleue)." In Great
French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, 240-241. New
York: Knopf and Lincoln University, 1993.
First color reproduction of this painting, with related works
and accompanying catalogue entry.

Blue Window (Museum of Modern Art)

812. Tomas, F. "Para una iconologia de la pintura deI sigl0 XX: la
ventana." Cimal (Spain) 19-20 (July 1983): 6-12.
In a larger treatment of the window as a particularly key
iconographic theme in twentieth-century art, the author
discusses Matisse's Blue Window and Woman with a Parasol.
Other artists discussed are Rene Magritte, Louis Bou, Angeles
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 273

Marco, and Rafael Marti Quinto. The relation of the window

to ideas about painting are traced back to the Renaissance.

813. Breton, Andre, and Philippe Soupault. "La Glace sans tain."
Litterature 8 (October 1919).
This poetic fragment from Les Champs magnitiques,
published very early in the proto-Surrealist journal, bears the
same name as Matisse' s Blue Window, known at first by the
title La Glace sans tain. The work had been commissioned by
Jacques Doucet, who then refused it as too difficult for his
level of appreciation; Breton was at this time Doucet's
secretary.

Boy with a Butterfly Net (Minneapolis Institute of Art)

814. "Institute Purchases: Paintings by Matisse and Kirchner."
Minneapolis Institute Bult. 42,6 (February 7, 1953): 26-29.
Currently exhibiting Matisse's Boy with a Butterfly Net and
Kirchner's Franzi, both recently acquired by the Minneapolis
Institute of Art, from the Les Fauves show, the author links
them with the end of Fauvism in 1907 and with the beginning
of Cubism. A comparison is made between the artists, the
German movement Die Brücke and Fauvism. and the formal
qualities of each painting. Franzi is now, of course, generally
accorded a later date.

815. "Institute's New Matisse: Boy with a Butterfly Net."

Minneapolis Instsitute Bull. 42, 7 (February 14, 1953): 33.
A note suggesting that the importance of the painting as a
Fauve work is attested to by its wide exhibition record,
especiallly be fore 1933, and its reproduction in important
books and periodicals. A complete provenance is given.

The [Lorraine] Chair with Peaches (Private

Collection)
816. Elderfield, John. "Henri Matisse, The Chair with Peaches,
1919." In European Master Paintings from Swiss
Collections, Post-Impressionism to World War ll, 74. New
York: Museum of Modern Art, 1976. Exhibition catalogue.
274 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Sensitive formal and iconographic interpretation of the

painting in the brief format of a catalogue commentary.

La Coiffure (Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart)

817. Jedlicka, Gotthard. Henri Matisse: La Coiffure. Series:
Werkmonographien zur Bildenden Kunst. Stuttgart: Philipp
Reclam, 1965.
A very general treatment of the work in the context of
Matisse's overall development, not the usual presentation of
possible "sources," preliminary sketches, studies, etc.

818. Rau, Bernd. "Henri Matisse und Auguste Renoir--eine

schöpferische Begegnung." In Studien zur Kunst, Gunther
Thiem zum 60. Geburtstag, 45-50. Stuttgart: Ed. Cantz,
1977.
La Coiffure is compared to Renoir's 1883 painting of the same
name, within a more general comparison of the two artists.

Conversation (Hermitage)
819. Schneider, Pierre. "Striped Pajama Icon [Conversation]." Art
in America 63,4, (July 1975): 76-82; in French, "Le quoi et
le comment: Conversation d'Henri Matissse." Tel Quel 65
(1977): 56-71.
Schneider formally compares the work's color and facture to
Byzantine enamels, thus encouraging an interpretation of the
work which stresses its sacral character and the harmony of the
figures on either side of the theophanic window. Schneider
discusses Kandinsky's ideas on the "spiritual in art" relating to
Matisse and the problem of the "what" (bourgeois reality) and
the "how" (pure painting) of modern art that is brought to a
point of tension, and revelation, in Conversation. The
discussion is elaborated in Schneider, no. 157, 14-24.

820. Flam, Jack. "Conversation." In Matisse, the Man and his Art,
248-52. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1986.
An interpretation of the work which references the the Stele 0/
Hammurabi of c. 1760 B. C. (Louvre) as a parallel to the
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 275

stances of the two figures, indicating a theme of alienation and

confrontation between them.

Dance (1) (Museum of Modem Art)

821. "Entering Public Domain: New York," Art News 62
(November 1963): 40.
A note on the acquisition and exhibition of Matisse' s Dance I,
previously in the Chrysler Collection and purchased by Nelson
RockefeIler to be given to the Museum of Modem Art in
honor of Alfred Barr, Jr.

822. "Matisse's La Dance." Art Digest 11,3 (November 1, 1936):

23.
An announcement of the exhibition of the sketch for the
Shchukin mural, Dance I, at the Pierre Matisse Gallery, along
with photographs of Dance II installed in the Russian
collector's horne. In the history of the two works, the article
emphasizes the Farandole, a Iv~ ontmartre nightclub dance,
which was reputed to have inspired Matisse's more generalized
versions of dancing figures.

823. Davidson, Martha. "Matisse's Allegory of the Dance." Art

News 35 (November 7, 1936): 13-14.
An article, written on the occasion of the Pierre Matisse
Gallery exhibition of Matisse's Dance I (not shown since
1912), with related works including Music (Sketch) 1907,
Bather (1909), Nasturtiums and Dance, and a drawing of
Shchukin, as weIl of photographs of the latter' s rooms with
Matisse's work on the walls. With all this related material on
view, the author analyses the motif, its sources and the
stylistic development that led Matisse to this mural mode of
simplification and abstraction. An important and intelligent
assessment of Matisse at a crucial moment in American art.

Dance (11) and Music (Hermitage)

824. Carrier, David. "'You, Too, Are in Arcadia': the Place of the
Spectator in Matisse's Shchukin Triptych." Word & Image
10,2 (April-June 1994): 119-137.
276 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

After reviewing the existing interpretations of Bathers by the

Stream, the author turns to Leo Steinberg's analysis of
Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon as a model for a new
framework in which to consider the Matisse panel(s). That
interpretive stategy is to investigate the role of the spectator in
establishing the picture's unity and meaning. Carrier suggests
that Matisse's Bathers presents an Arcadian image but one
that is accessible from a spectator' s position in the real world,
thus presenting the unreachable as still able to be experienced
in a bodily perceptual mode. A rich and evocative article.

825. Edson, Laurie. "Rimbaud's Une Saison en enfer and Matisse's

La Danse. " Romanic Review 74 (November 1983): 461-74.
A literary critic isolates aspects of Rimbaud's project as
gleaned from his text, Une Saison en enfer and compares these
with apparently similar strategies in Matisse's canvas, Dance.
Rather than seek thematic closure, symbols, or definitive
interpretations, the author sees Rimbaud's text as a site of
semantic play, a scene of the production of meaning that is
ongoing and dynamic. "The text is characterized by
dislocation, fragmentation, multiplicity, experimentation, and
. . . a powerful and intense language which moves forward,
doubles back on itself, watches itself, wanders off, and
continually seeks its own threads." The poet role-plays,
performs, dances, repetitively falls silent, leaves the spectator
to fill the gaps. The author finds Matisse's painting, also a
dan ce where the gap between two of the dancers invites
spectator participation, displays the aggressive mobility and
the emphasis on the language of painting (pure color,
rhythmic line, expressive distortion) that one finds in the
poem. Both are open texts that invite participation but
frustrate the desire for unequivocal meaning.

826. Farese-Sperken, Christina. "La Danse di Matisse e l'arte

tedesca." Arte Illustrata 53 (May 1973):143-47
An article wh ich discusses Dance in relation to other modems
who essayed the same theme: Max Pechstein in an aquatint of
1912, Fernand Hodler in sketches for Floraison in 1910-14,
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 277

and E. L. Kirchner in a late xylographie print of 1936--all of

these strongly linear in character, utilizing this aspect of
Matisse's work while ignoring the place of color.
Archipenko, in a sculpture called Dance of 1912, gras ps more
of the spatial lesson of Matisse' s "ronde."

827. Fourcade, Dominique, and Eric de Chassey. "La danse 11, fin
1901-1910." In Henri Matisse 1904-1917, 461-73. Paris:
Centre Georges Pompidou, 1993. Exhibition catalogue.
A collection of comments by Matisse, various critics, and
writers on the Dance land Musicl from 1910 to 1950. A
marvelously rich compilation of material.

828. Girard, Xavier. Matisse. La Dance. Nice and Cannes: Musee

Matisse and La Malmaison, 1993. Cahiers Henri Matisse, 10.
Girard's extended catalogue essay is more broadly on the theme
of "Dance" in Matisse's work, beginning with Luxe, Calme et
Volupte of 1904 and culminating in his late cut-outs--dance as
"a dream of respite and magnified intensity." Some ten pages
(31-50) are devoted to Dance and Music. Overall, the author
brings out Matisse's musical and theatrical interests, his
association of dancers with primitive and pastorallandscapes.
and the artist's own decors and costumes for Diaghilev's ballet
productions of 1920 and 1937. The essay is illustrated with the
dance-related works from the Musee Matisse in Nice that were
exhibited in Nice and Cannes in 1993.

829. Hori. Hidehiko. "Luxury and Dance. "Mizue 913 (April

1981): 58-61. In Japanese.
Author compares Luxe 1 (1907) and Dance (1931-32) with
bather paintings by Cezanne and with Picasso's Demoiselles
d'Avignon. Matisse distinguishes himself from Cezanne's
search for the essential and Picasso's extreme reductionism.

830. Klimov, Rostislav. "Tanec i muzyka Matissa: koncepcija i

mesto v hudozestvennom processe [Matisse's Dance and
Music: Their Conception and Their Place in the Artistic
278 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Process]," Sovetskoe iskusstvoznanie 25 (1989): 147-63.

English summary.
A subtle and complex analysis of the change in Matisse's
work around 1910, as exemplified most dramatically in Dance
and Music. Author claims the artist first reacted strongly to
the pressures of his environment (nature) and projected this
reaction on the screen of the canvas. Across the screen and the
viewer's space a reciprocal relation is generated. Matisse never
loses the sense of the real milieu as a kind of emanation of
himself--the nature / artist link is never completely broken (.as
in Cubism). Matisse's work, however, evolves into
something more objective: the canvas surface becomes an
enclosed but flowing system that radiates force through its
own constitutive elements. Thus the canvas becomes, not
only or not so much, the emanation of the artist's expression
but the source of an outflow of energy to the viewer.

831. Kostenevich, Albert. "La Danse and La Musique by Henri

Matisse, a New Interpretation." Apollo 100, 154 (December
1974): 504-13.
Matisse's painting seen in relation to Nietzschean ideas of the
Apollonian and Dionysian principles, themes which also drew
other turn-of-the-century symbolist painters. He offers a
different thesis from Neff (no. 833) on the initial conception of
the three-painting ensemble of Dance, Music, and Bathers by a
River in relation to Shchukin's needs.

832. Kostenevich, Albert. "Matisse and Shchukin: A Collector's

Choice," Art Institute 0/ Chicago Mus. Studies 16, 1 (1990):
26-43+.
Author provides a great deal of new biographical material on
Matisse's Russian patron, along with documentation on his
purehases from the painter. Author convincingly demonstrates
that the two--artist and patron--were singularly attuned to one
another as their lives passed through notable changes just
before World War I.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 279

833. Neff, John Hallmark. "Matisse and Deeoration: the Shehukin

Panels." Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 38-48.
An article of the first importanee on the ensemble of paintings
Dance, Music and (the original) Bathers by a River. Neff
establishes eonvineingly that the third painting, Bathers, was
originally intended by Matisse as part of a tri-partite program
for Shehukin's stairease. (Neff also clears up the "studio" vs.
"stairease" translation of Charles Estienne's interview with
Matisse in 1909 in whieh Matisse speaks of the total
program.) A very rieh and eomplete treatment of the
eireumstanees surrounding the eommission.

834. Ratcliff, Carter. "In Detail: Matisse's Dance. .. Port/oUo 3,4

(July-August 1981): 38-45.
Author diseusses both version of The Dance and Music in the
eontext of their importanee for modern painting and their role
in Matisse's eareer. The theme of the Golden Age is also
analysed along with its modern translators--all preeeding
Matisse's adoption of it, namely, Gauguin, Van Gogh, and
Puvis de Chavannes.

The Dinner Table (Private Colleetion)

835. "Edward G. Robinson aequires Matisse's La Desserte." Art
Digest 14 (May 1, 1940): 16.
A note on the aetor's aequisition ofthe painting.

836. "Hollywood: Matisse's La Desserte for Robinson Colleetion."

Art News 38 (April 13, 1940): 17.
A note on the pure hase of the painting by the Hollywood
eolleetor.

837. Refsum, Tor. "M!Ilte med Matisse [Meeting with Matisse]."

Kunst og Kultur (Norway) 58, 2 (1975): 65-78.
A eomparison between The Dinner Table and Harmony in Red.
works of radieally different style though only ten years
separates their making. Author traees the development of the
painter's work in that deeade.
280 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

838. Mir Iskusstva 2,8-9 (1904): 243. Painting reproduced; from

Matisse's one-man show at Vollard's. First work of Matisse
to be reproduced in Russia.

Europa and the Bull [Abduction of Europa]

(National Gallery of Art, Australia)
839. Cooke, L. "Henri Matisse: Europa and the Bult." Art and
Australia 20, 1 (Spring 1982): 54-55.
A splendid and complete iconographic and stylistic analysis of
this work in a brief essay. The author relates the pose of the
figure of Europa to other works by Matisse and argues the
importance of this 1929 "turning-point" canvas that, harking
back to the great decorative works of his youth and presaging
the figures in the Barnes Foundation mural, remained in the
artist's studio until his death.

840. Monahan, Laurie J. "Taming Violence: Europa, Matisse and

Myth." In Henri Matisse. Eds., Roger Benjamin and Caroline
Turner. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery and Art Exhibitions
Australia, 1995.
An investigation of the re-appearance of mythic themes in
Matisse's work around 1930, with special emphasis on his
The Abduction 0/ Europa with its theme of potential sexual
violence. The author relates this to the political situation of
the time and the surrealists' response to it. Author traces the
same themes in the work of Andre Masson, who was in close
contact with Matisse in those years.

841. Moore, Felicity St. John. "New Light on The Rape 0/ Europa
by Henri Matisse." Art and Australia 24,4 (Winter 1987):
477.

Author suggests that the theme of the abduction of Europa

may have been tied to Matisse's move to a larger, light-
drenched space when he moved into the top floor of his
building in 1927. Since the figure of Europa is derived from
his sculpture of Henriette Darricarrere, Large Seated Nude, the
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 281

work mayaiso be linked to his feelings when this long-time

modelieft hirn to get married in the same year.

Festival of Flowers (Cleveland Museum of Art)

842. Francis, H. S. "Fete des fleurs, Nice. acquired by the
Museum." Cleveland Museum Bull. 34 (April 1947): 68-70.
A note on the acquisition of the painting, a short biography of
the artist, and an appreciative analysis of the work. The sitters
are erroneously named as Mme Matisse and the artist' s
daughter, Marguerite.

Flowers and Ceramic Plate (Städelsches Kunstinstitut,

Frankfurt)
843. "Kirkeby Collection at Auction." Arts 33 (November 1958):
32-35.
FuIl-page color reproduction with short commentary on the
painting's history and style.

844. Demski, Eva. "Mein imaginäres Museum oder Exil auf dem
Dachboden." ART: das Kunstmagazin 3 (March 1990): 48-
57.
Author would include this painting by Matisse in her ideal
twelve-item personal museum of art works liberated from
local galleries and museums in the city of Frankfurt Am Main.
A critique of holding works, out of context, in museum
collections.

French Window at Nice (Barnes Foundation)

845. Flam, lack. "The French Window at Nice (Les persiennes)."
In Great French Paintings trom the Barnes Foundation, 264-
67. New York: Knopfand Lincoln University, 1993.
First color reproduction of this painting, with related works
and accompanying catalogue entry that discusses the
conservati ve and national political views of 1920s and the
resulting commentaries on the work.

Game of Dominoes
282 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

846. "Notable Works of Art Now on the Market." Burlington Mag.

98 (June 1956): supp 3.
Photo and short commentary on this Marlborough-owned
canvas of two women playing dominoes of 1919, a not well-
known work, then for sale.

Girl Reading (Museum of Modern Art)

847. "Coming Auctions." Art News 69,6 (October 1970): 39.
Note on forthcoming works to be auctioned at Sotheby's on
October 14, 1970; Matisse' s work, in the Goetz Collection, is
highlighted.

848. Elderfield, John. "Recent Acquisitions: Museum of Modern

Art, New York." Artforum 9 (June 1971): 78.
Girl Reading is highlighted in a general treatment of the
acquisitions.

Goldfish (Pushkin Museum)

849. Perrone, Jeff. "Hokyo (Jewelled Mirror) Samadhi
(Meditation)." Arts Mag. 59,3 (November 1984): 84-89.
A highly poetic collage of texts on the place of the goldfish in
Chinese life and art, followed by a zen-like examination of the
subtle meanings that can be read from Matisse's 1911-12
painting, Goldfish.

Goldfish and Sculpture (Museum of Modern Art)

850. "A Life Round Table of Modern Art." Life 25 (October 11,
1948): 60-61,69.
In Life magazine's "symposium" on the nature and value of
modern art, Matisse's work is illustrated in color and briefly
discussed by Georges Duthuit in terms of its formal elements.
Later, it is heralded by the English critic Raymond Mortimer
for its intense affirmation of the richness of life and of sensible
pleasure.

851. Reff, Theodore. "Matisse: Meditations on a Statuette and

Goldfish." Arts Mag. 51, 3 (November 1976): 109-15.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OlITS 283

A detailed diseussion of the motifs of goldfish, the seulpture of

a recIining nude, and the open doorway or window in a number
of Matisse paintings, primarily those in the Museum of
Modern Art eolleetion. Far-ranging and erudite in its
referenees, Reffs artiele entails both ieonographie and formal
interpretation and relates these motifs to cIassical areadian
themes, to the art of and experienee in the Middle and Far East,
and to their preeedents in Cezanne's oeuvre. An articIe of the
first importanee for all works using these motifs.

Harmony in Red (Hermitage)

852. Gowing, Lawrenee. "Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red."
Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art, 1986. Pamphlet
published in eonjunetion with the exhibition Impressionist to
Early Modern Paintings from the U.S.S.R.: Works from the
Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, and the Pushkin Museum of
Fine Arts, Moscow, 1986.
An elegant ieonographic and historie treatment of this
important work in whieh the author gives, for the first time in
print, the name of Matisse's common-Iaw wife, Caroline
Joblaud, the mother of Marguerite Matisse. He links this
work to the earlier La Desserte of 1897, in whieh Joblaud was
the actual model, according to Gowing, positing a nostalgie
sentiment in the later work which eonstitutes an aspect of its
express ivity.

853. Refsum, T. "Ml/lte med Matisse [Meeting with Matisse]."

Kunst og Kultur (Norway) 58, 2 (1975): 65-78.
A comparison between The Dinner Table and Harmony in Red,
works of radically different style though only ten years
separates their making. Author traces the development of the
painter's work in that decade.

Harmony in Yellow
854. Moncrieff, Eispeth. "Art Market: a look back at 1992."
Apollo 136 (December 1992): 412-13.
An articIe on the market which records the sale of at Sotheby's
of Harmony in Yellow (1927-28) for $14.5 million.
284 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

855. Findlay, Michael. "L 'Harmonie jaune by Matisse." Christie 's

Review 0/ the Season [ J992 auctions J (1993): 86-87.
An account of the painting and its record sale.

856. 'The New Reality," Art News 92 (January 1993): 89-91.

In an artic1e more generally on the disappointing auction prices

of recent years, Matisse's Harmony in Yellow in pictured in
color with its sale price of $14.5 million as an exception to
the trend.

The Hindu Pose

857. Vogel, Carol. "Art Auction Stakes Rise Again," New York
Times, 1995.
Author notes the sale of The Hindu Pose from the Stralem
Collection for $14.8 million, arecord for Nice period works.

The Idol (Koerfer Collection, Bern)

858. Elderfield, lohn. "Henri Matisse, The IdoL (Portrait 0/
Madame Matisse), 1906." In European Master Paintings/rom
Swiss Collections, Post-Impressionism to World War ll, 72.
New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1976. Exhibition
catalogue.
Mostly formal discussion of the work in a catalogue
commentary that positions its style in relation to evolving
Fauve techniques.

Interior at Nice (St. Louis Art Museum)

859. "St. Louis buys Interior at Nice." Art Digest 20 (December
15, 1945): 6.
A note on the details ofthe canvas's acquisition.

860. "Interior at Nice, by Henri Matisse Recently Purchased by the

City Art Museum of St. Louis." In Pictures on Exhibit 8
(January 1946): l.
A short notice on the acquisition and display of this work.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 285

Interior with Black Notebook (Private Collection,

Switzerland)
861. Hahnloser, Hans R. "Werke aus der Sammlung Hahnloser."
Du 16 (November 1956): 23-24.
A personal commentary on this work by collectors who were
friends of Matisse.

Interior with Eggplants (Musee de Grenoble)

862. Fourcade, Dominique. "Rever a trois aubergines." Critique
30,324 (1974): 467-89.
An exhaustive and important treatment of this painting as to
its provenence, its physical state and the circumstances of the
removal of its decorative frame, its place in the artist's
decorative oeuvre, and the iconography of the work's style.
Fourcade argues that the composition's expansiveness, lack of
center (or omni-centeredness), its equality of emphasis and
incident, its multiple internal framings, all convey an
experience of unhierarchized and mobile freedom and openness-
- both of the spectator' s gaze and of the fabricated picture-
object itself. The picture is both an example and an image of
unalienated production and its happiness.

Interior with Egyptian Curtain (Phillips Gallery)

863. "Interieur au Rideau Egyptien 1948: Henri Matisse in mostra a
Roma a Villa Medici." Domus 592 (March 1979): 48.
A short commentary on the flat, highly-colored, formally
rigorous style of this work, not on the specifics of the
painting. In Italian, French and English.

Interior with Etruscan Vase (Cleveland Museum of Art)

864. Ballou, M. G. "Interior with Etruscan Vase by Matisse."
CLeveLand Museum BuLL. 39 (December 1952): 239-40.
A fine short description of the work, setting it into its
historical context--during the "phony war" of 1939-40, just
before the occupation of France--and its stylistic context in
terms ofthe artist's Nice oeuvre.
286 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Interior with Goldfish (Barnes Foundation)

865. Flam, Jack. "Interior with Goldlish (Poissons rouge:
Interieur)." In Great French Paintings Irom the Barnes
Foundation, 242-45. New York: Knopf and Lincoln
University Press, 1993.
First color reproductions of this painting, with accompanying
catalogue entry that discusses the theme and style in relation to
other works in the artist's oeuvre.

Joy of Life (Barnes Foundation)

866. Barnes, Albert C. "Matisse." In The Art in Painting, 535-
36. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1925, 1928.
A totally formal assessment of the plastic relations of this
work which, while admirably "flat" and "highly decorative,"
transcends "mere decoration" by its "structural elements of
plastic form," that is, its suggestion of modeling, deeper
space, and rhythmic complexity.

867. Barr, Alfred H., Jr. "Matisse, Picasso, and the Crisis of 1907."
Mag. 01 Art 44 (May 1951): 161-170.
Distillation of two chapters of Barr's monograph, Matisse, His
Art and His Public, published later the same year. Bonheur de
Vivre and Demoiselles d'A vignon are contrasted as aspects of
the style and personality of the two friendly rivals who were
both drawing on aspects of Cezanne.

868. Cuno, James B. "Matisse and Agostino Carracci: A Source

for the Bonheur de Vivre. " Burlington Mag. 122 (July 1980):
503-505.
Reviews the sources for Bonheur de Vivre (Joy 01 Life)
suggested in the literature and offers Agostino Carracci's
reproductive engraving Reciprico Amore (dated between 1589
and 1595) as a possible source for Matisse's painting. It and its
pendant, Love in the Golden Age, are images in reverse after
paintings attributed to Paolo Fiammingo.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 287

869. Dagen, Philippe. "L'Age d'or: Derain, Matisse et Le Bain

Turc." Bull. du Musee Ingres 53 (1984): 43-54.
Matisse's Joy 0/ Life and Derain's Golden Age are discussed in
tenns of the influence of Ingres's Turkish Bath on their style
and iconography around 1905-1906. Matisse's painting is
respectful of Ingres's work, using it to go beyond Luxe,
Calme, et Volupte in artificial style, while achieving a greater
c1assicism in its arcadian subject matter. The author reads
Derain's canvas, however, as a critique of both Ingres and
Matisse; it ironically pits a foreground of tonnent against the
"golden age" middle ground, of weepers against dancers, of
Ingres-figures against Cheret-poster 100k-alikes.

870. F1am, Jack. "Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy 0/ Life}." In

Great French Paintings/rom the Barnes Foundation. 226-35.
New York: Knopf and Lincoln University Press, 1993.
An extended catalogue essay that presents the most recent
scholarship on the work, illustrates the painting in color for
the first time along with all related sketches and studies, and
touches (necessarily briefly) on interpretations of this major
work and the problematics of its style.

871. Giry, Marcel. "Ingres and Fauvism," In Actes du Colloque

internationallngres et son injluence (1980): 55-60.
Traces the influence of Ingres on Fauvism via the exhibition
of sixty-eight of his works at the Salon d' Automne. A
drawing for the Golden Age was undoubtedly seen by Matisse
who was beginning his Joy 0/ Life.

872. Gottlieb, Carla, "The Joy 0/ Life: Matisse, Picasso, and

Cezanne." College Art Journal 18 (Winter 1959): 106-116.
The author examines the fonna1 and iconographic aspects of
Matisse's painting under the aegis of the lessons 1earned from
Cezanne and of a rivalry between hirn and Picasso (who
produced his Demoiselles d'Avignon shortly after seeing The
Joy 0/ Life). Cezanne's desire to indicate depth yet retain a
homogeneous surface in which space is made tactile, his use of
288 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

color to modulate volume, his desire to realize sensation and

perception were influential on both Matisse and Picasso from
1906 through 1910. While Matisse retained fluidity and depth
through his outlines and colored surfaces, Picasso maintained
the structure of objects and was faithful to his intellectual
perception of them, thus mounting a criticism of Matisse's
"use" of Cezanne's lessons. In terms of subject matter, too,
Picasso cynically turns Matisse's idyllic Joy of Life into a
harsh portrait of "filIes de joie," prostitutes. An ambitious and
insightful study.

873. Puttfarken, Thomas. "Mutual Love and Golden Age: Matisse

and 'gli Amori de Carracei'." Burlington Mag. 124, 949
(April 1982): 203-208.
A learned gloss on the four engravings (and their souree
paintings in Vienna) from whieh Matisse may have taken his
eomposition for his Joy of Life. Puttfarken aeeepts Cuno's
earlier suggestion (no. 868) that the first of the four
engravings, Reciprico Amore, was Matisse's visual souree, but
retitles it as Love in the Golden Age, on the basis of the
quatrains inseribed below the engravings and on the tradition al
eyc\es of Love in sueeessively Golden, Silver, Bronze and Iron
Ages, derived from Iiterary sourees.

874. Werth, Margaret. "Engendering Imaginary Modernism: Henri

Matisse's Bonheur de Vivre. " Genders 9 (Fall 1990): 49-74.
The author examines Matisse's engagement with Western
traditions of the utopie, the pastoral, and the Golden Age in
terms of the complex ways this mode embodies ideas of repose
and erotic pleasure, and the tension between these and
contemporary soeial and psyehie realities. In Matisse's work
the tension arises from the shifting boundaries of the pastoral
mode itself and Matisse's modern appropriation of it, his
figuration of sexuality and gen der, and the eonsequent
destabilization of the viewer' s (gendered) relation to the image.
Werth eonvineingly reads the lack of unity in style, tone, and
figuration (in this theme that proposes a myth of unity and
harmony) as representing bi sexual figures of desire, open
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 289

ciphers on which the viewer is invited to project his or her

own desire. The merging couple at the lower right, in
particular, are read as a primal intrauterine fantasy of unity,
combining issues of matemal seduction, castration, and the
primal scene. Werth posits Matisse's unsettling conjoining of
traditional meanings and a thoroughly modern psychic self-
consciousness, as "an unembarrassed apology for infantile
satisfactions and Dionysian joys." An important, ground-
breaking study.

Landscape: Broom (Haas Collection)

875. Bishop, Janet. "Highlights from the collection: Paysage: [es
Genets." In Matisse and other Modern Masters, the Elise S.
Haas Collection. Eds., John Lane and Janet Bishop. San
Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1993.
Exhibition catalogue.
A short, astute commentary on the painting with a fine color
reproduction.

Large Red Interior (Musee National d'Art Moderne)

876. Gouk, Alan. "Essay on Painting," Studio 180 (October
1970): 145-49.
The debt of several "colorist" painters (Jackson Pollock, Hans
Hofmann, Mark Rothko, Clyfford Still, Morris Louis,
Kenneth Noland, and Jules Olitski) to Matisse is detailed in a
fine analysis that, while it challenges certain American
interpretations of the new color painters, is in its way
dependent on the analysis of figure-ground, drawing-color,
volume-planarity, abstraction-image problems that surfaced in
American criticism around 1970. 'Matisse' s work, such as
Large Red Interior, is the boldest and most successful of all,
having the "hieratic chromatic splendor, barbarism, and fierce
impulse" that much contemporary work lacks. The
contemporary Americans solve some problems by suppressing
others; Matisse's painting, on the other hand, keeps them all
edgily in play.
290 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

877. Greene, David B. "Consciousness, Spatiality and Pictorial

Space." Journal 0/ Aesthetics and Art Criticism 41, 4
(Summer 1983): 375-86.
Matisse's Large Interior in Red (1948) and Perugino's The
Delivery 0/ the Keys (1482) are contrasted as examples of
Newtonian and post-Newtonian conceptions of space, deriving
from views of consciousness. Sartre's (and Heidegger's)
positions are brought to bear on a elose spatial analysis of the
works.

878. Nakahara, Y. "Approaching Walls, Retreating Paintings."

Mizue 913 (April 1981): 51-8. In Japanese.

With the late Large Red Interior (1948) as his starting-point,

the author examines other major "studio" works in which wall,
windows, and paintings on wal1s exchange functions as the
space is experienced by the viewer. Matisse's own statements
are utilized, and comparisons made with other artists such as
Leger, Gris, Chagall, Picasso, and others.

Lorette in Turban and Yellow Vest (National Gallery

of Art, Washington, D.C.)
879. Cooke, H. L. "Henri Matisse's Lorette acquired by the
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.," Burlington Mag.
107 (September 1965): 488.
A note on the acquisition of the work by the National Gallery.

Lorette with Long Locks of Hair (Norton Gallery and

School of Art)
880. Flam, Jack D. "A Comment on the Matisse Paintings in the
Norton Gal1ery and School of Art." Norton Galleries Studies
2 (Art Museum of Palm Beach), 1973.
A full discussion of the work in a broad formal, iconographic
and historical context.

Luxe, Calme et Volupte (Musee Nationale d' Art

Modeme)
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 291

881. Bock, Catherine C. "Matisse, Signac, and Cross in 1904." In

Henri Matisse and Neo-Impressionism, 1898-1908, 63-84.
Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1981, no. 61.
Within a 1arger study of the effect of Neo-Impressionism on
Matisse's theory and practice, the author closely examines the
situation surrounding the painting of Luxe, Calme et Volupte
--technically and iconographically.

882. Herbert, Robert. Neo-Impressionism, 23-25, 215-18. New

York: The Solomon Guggenheim Foundation, 1968.
Exhibition catalogue.
In a splendid study of the new phase of divisionism after
Seurat' s death, Herbert is the first to place Matisse' s
"conversion" to the technique in the wider historical framework
of pointillism's reincarnation in the early twentieth century
under Signac's leadership.

Luxe I (Musee Nationale d'Art Moderne)

Luxe 11 (Statens Museum for Kunst)
883. Hori, Kösai. "Luxury and Dance. " Mizue 913 (April 1981)
58-61. In Japanese.
The author, a painter inspired by Matisse, compares Luxe 1
(1907) and the Paris Dance (1931-32) with bather paintings by
Cezanne and with Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon. Matisse
distinguishes himself from Cezanne's search for the essential
and Picasso's extreme reductionism. Unlike Cezanne, Matisse
is a finder rather than a continual searcher; unlike Picasso, who
reduces to graphic formulas, Matisse is concerned with
wholeness or totality--an ideal no longer operative for today's
young artists.

884. Naesgaard, OIe. "Matisse's Luxe [II]." Aarstideme, Tidsskrift

for Kunst 9, 3 (August 1952): 65-68.
A purely descriptive account of the Copenhagen painting,
prompted by the publication of Barr's monograph on Matisse
of 1951. Briefly mentions the relationship of the Copenhagen
work to the Paris version.
292 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

885. Reiff, Robert. "Matisse and Torii Kiyonaga." Arts Mag. 55

(February 1981): 164-67.
Reviewing the general influence of Japanese woodblock prints
on the development of Matisse's modern ist style, the author
proposes a tripart woodblock print, Visitors to Enoshima
(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), by Torii Kiyonaga, as having
an "aesthetic affinity" to Matisse's Luxe JI, both in the flat
paint handling and in the position of the "boneless," crouching
servant-figures in each. Reiff admits that there is no evidence
that Matisse knew the print and that the painter generally
evolved figure-positions in a highly personal way over time,
but seems to reject the possiblity that the similarity may be
simply "happy coincidence."

886. Valloton, Felix. "Le Salon d'Automne." La Grande Revue

(October 25, 1907): 920.
A contemporary review of the 1907 Autumn Salon by the
Nabi "realist," Felix Valloton, who was also an occasional
critic. He gives an incisive description of the work, describes
the spectator's impression of far and near viewing of it, and
finally concedes Matisse's sincerity and skill in this large
panel because he is a "craftsman of real probity" and a serious
artist.

Tbe Moorisb Screen (Philadelphia Museum of Art)

887. "The Moorish Screen. Collection of Röbert Treat Pain 11,
Boston." Coronet 6 (September 1939): 64-65.
Facing color reproductions of a sixteenth-century Persian
miniature (from the Fogg Art Museum) and Matisse's
Moorish Screen. An art-appreciation caption is appended
which signals the common use of patterns in different scales,
although Matisse's "Western" play of movement and some
spatial depth is also noted.

Moroccan Garden (Periwinkles)

888. Haglund, E. "Gront [Green]." Paletten (Sweden) 1 (1982):
40-41.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 293

Within a broader discussion of the psychological effects of the

color green, Matisse's painting is discussed, along with a
particular scene dominated by the color green in Werner
Herzog's film Woyzek.

Music (1939) (Albright-Knox Gallery)

889. "Mr. Matisse Paints a Picture: three weeks work in 18 views."
Art News 40 (September 1941): 8.
Page of eighteen photographs of Music in progress from
March 18 to April 8, 1939.

Music Lesson (Barnes Foundation)

890. Barnes, Albert C. "Matisse." In The Art in Painting, 536-37.
New York: Harcourt Brace, 1925, 1928.
A formal analysis which assesses the canvas's strength in the
"compactness of its composition" and its "rhythm ... feit
primarily as one of color." Its greater complexity causes it to
be ranked by the author as superior to Joy of Life.

891. Flam, Jack D. "Matisse in two keys [Piano Lesson] and

[Music Lessonj." Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 83-
86.
Comparison of two parallel works with emphasis on
iconography, composition, rendering, and personal
symbolism. The earlier (1916) Piano Lesson is interpreted as
an allegory about the nature of art; the later (1917) Music
Lesson is revealed as a more personal, autobiographical
statement. Violinist at the Window (early 1917) is examined
as a stylistically and psychologically transitional work
between the other two. Important insights into Matisse's
position just before his move to Nice in 1917-18.

892. Flam, Jack. "The Music Lesson (La leron de musique)." In

Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation. 258-61.
New York, Knopf and Lincoln University Press, 1993.
An extended catalogue essay that presents the most recent
scholarship on the work, illustrates the painting in color for
294 INDNIDUAL WORKS

the first time along with aH related sketches and studies, and
touches (necessarily briefly) on commentary on the work and
the problematics of its style.

My Room at the Beau Rivage

893. "My Room at the Beau Rivage, 1917-18." Cimaise 40
(November-December 1993): 54.
Reproduction ofthe work only.

Nasturtiums with "The Dance" (I) (Metropolitan

Museum)
894. Braune, Heinz. "Zu einem Gemälde von Henri Matisse."
Genius 2 (1920): 197-98.
A short, but fuH, appreciative analysis of Matisse's first
version of Nasturtiums and "The Dance. " formerly in the
Oscar Moll coHection. The formal analysis is used to
explicate Matisse's concerns for the rhythm of the whole, for
holding the decorative planarity of the surface, and for a
freedom of color invention.

Nasturtiums with "The Dance" (11) (Pushkin

Museum)
895. Hines, Jack. "Composition: In the Mood." Southwest Art 22
(February 1993): 42-45.
A very general artic1e on the creative process in which
Matisse's Nasturtiums and The Dancers is used briefly as an
example of a centrifugal composition which creates aspin, a
dance, around the fulcrum of the vase at the center.

896. Cassou, Jean. "Henri Matisse, Coin d'Atelier (Les Capucines

ii La Danse)" in "Fifty Years of Modern Art." Quadrum 5
(1958): 59-94.
A perceptive, one-page analysis of the painting in Cassou's
elegaic literary style.

897. Roskill, Marc. "Looking Across to Literary Criticism." Arts

Mag. 45 (Summer 1971): 16-19.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 295

Author examines four instances of parallelism between figures

proper to both literary criticism and art criticism, namely,
metaphor, enactment, dramatization of aspects of contrast in a
whole work, and quotation. The last of these he illustrates by
means ofMatisse's Nasturtiums and the Dance, where Matisse
"eites" himself by integrating the image of an earlier work,
The Dance, into a studio still life. A well-turned analysis of
this phenomenon in interpreting Matisse's canvas.

Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon (Albright-Knox

Gallery)
898. "Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon [Analysis of Buffalo
canvas]." Art News 35 (October 3, 1936): 18-19.
A review that describes in detail a pedagogical exhibit of one
painting, Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon, by means of
photographs of the motif, pictorial analysis of the painting,
other painters' treatments of the motif, stylistic influences
(Persian ceramies, miniatures. Japanese prints; European
forebears such as Manet , Gauguin, Cezanne), and follow-up
works that show how the artist's style developed after the
making of this work. The analysis of composition and sources
follows the example of Barnes and Oe Mazia in their book,
Henri Matisse. The author praises the educational benefits of
such a didactic exhibition.

Odalisque in Red (Museo de Arte Contemporaneo, Caracas)

899. Wagner, Anni. "Museo de Art Contemporaneo in Caracas."
Kunst 7-8 (July-August 1986): 550-57.
In a larger report on the expanded space of the contemporary
museum in Caracas and on its permanent collection, Matisse's
Odalisque in Red is compared with Picasso's Portrait of Dora
Maar as an example of an important work in each man's
oeuvre.

Odalisque with a Tambourine (Private Collection)

900. Clark, E. "Milestones in Modern Art: Odalisque with a
Tambourine." Studio 155 (May 1958): 138-39.
296 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A mostly formal analysis of the work, emphasizing the

structural balance of colored forms.

Open Window, Collioure (Musee National d'Art

Modeme)
901. Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle. "Matisse: Porte-Fenetre Cl
Collioure." Cahiers du Musee National d'Art Moderne 13
(1984): 17-25.
A sensitive and full account of this canvas, painted at the end
of Summer 1914, kept in the artist's studio, and exhibited for
the first time only after his death in 1966. If the window
(like the goldfish bowl) was charged with the theme of
continuity and exchange between the interior and exterior, in
this case the canvas manifests, in the words of Proust,
"vertical distances being assimilated to horizontal distances."
Author notes that the window's rectangle is identical to the
canvas's rectangle; the black surface may signify a c10sure or a
possible new beginning over the marks occ1uded by the black
layer. The work is contextualized thematically in relation to
other window-motif canvases of the period, especially its "true
pendant" The Yellow Curtain. also of 1914.

902. Laude, Jean. "Autour de la Porte-Fenetre Cl Collioure de

Matisse." In D'un espace Cl un autre: lafenetre. St. Tropez:
Musee de I'Annonciade, 1978. Exhibition catalogue.
A structuralist analysis of the painting which signals
Matisse's acute awareness of the fundamental modern ist
problem of the painting as a framed surface covered with lines
and colors abstractly understood. This focus on one work is
situated in a general discussion of the readability of Matisse's
"theory" only in a study of his series of works--windows,
studios, painter-and-models, etc. Matisse's "obsessional" use
of the window theme was not so much psychological as it was
intellectual, a rethinking of the pictorial Albertian law of the
picture plane conceived as a transparent window be fore the
painter, through which he is presumed to see the world he will
represent. It signals a radical redirection of the pictorial
project, the progressive repression of the signified by the
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 297

signifier. An article of the first importance in a semiotic

understanding of painting and Matisse's role in our awareness
of that possibility.

Open Window, Tangiers (Private Collection)

903. Wollheim, Richard. "The Work of Art as Object." Studio Int.
180,928 (December 1970): 231-35. Revised as Chapter 6 in
On Art and the Mind. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1974.
Abrief discussion of Matisse's painting, along with ones by
Morris Louis and Mark Rothko, in a more general exposition
of the attention to surface as part of the trend to see the canvas
as an object rather than mirror or window.

The Painter in his Studio (Musee National d' Art

Modeme)
904. Baticle, Jeannine. "L'Atelier du peintre." Rev. du Louvre et des
Musees de France 26, 3 (1976): 225.
An account of the exhibition L'Atelier du peintre, organized
within the framework of Dossiers of the Department of
Painting of the Louvre to reflect the social function. evolution,
and symbolism of the artist's studio from the medieval to
modern periods. A small number of "studio paintings" were
displayed with accompanying documentation. among them
Matisse's The Painterand His Model of 1916.

905. Laude, Jean. "Les 'Ateliers' de Matisse." Coloquio Artes

(Portugal) 16, 18 (June 1974): 16-25.
A fine discussion of the role of the studio as a social site and
its use in Western painting. The empty studio and the one in
wh ich model and/or artist are present are both treated but with
special emphasis on a reading of Matisse' s 1916 The Painte r
and His Model to explore the nature of the painter's practice.

906. Fourcade, Dominique. "Crise du cadre: apropos d'un tableau

de Matisse, Le Peintre Dans son Atelier." Cahiers du Musee
National d'Art Moderne 17/18 (1986): 68-83.
298 INDNIDUAL WORKS

Fourcade eloquently discusses the role of the frame in

traditional painting and declares the crisis of the frame for
modern art since Beaudelaire, since Monet's Nympheas, when
modern painting became unframable. Modern painting from
Monet to Pollock and beyond presents a world without
borders, over the edge, a world coextensive with the world.
Fourcade traces the history of attempts to frame Matisse's The
Painter in His Studio individually, and within the context of
presentation on the museum wall and within museum
exhibitions. The work is now in a frame--narrow, pale gold
and flush with the picture-surface--which the author terms
"frame zero, the least virulent and most respectful" toward the
painting itself. The work has been rehung in the permanent
collection nine times since it was acquired in 1945; all are
evaluated by the author. An important essay on the artwork's
apparition/insertion into the world, richly illustrated with
period photographs of various installations of this work and
others.

Tbe Painting Lesson (Scottish National Gallery of

Modern Art)
907. Hall, D. "Matisse's La Le~on [Sceance] de Peinture (Scottish
National Gallery of Modern Art)." Burlington Mag. 108
(May 1966): 261.
An elegant formal analysis of the way Matisse mingles
objective and fictive spaces in this work. Its history is also
sketched.

Tbe Parakeet and Tbe Mermaid (Stedelijk Museum,

Amsterdam)
908. "Museum Notes, 1984." Rhode [sland School 0/ Design
Museum Notes 71 (1984): 34.
In an extended article on current museum news, Matisse' s
paper cut-out is discussed briefly.

Piano Lesson (Museum of Modern Art)

PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 299

909. Flam, Jack D. "Matisse in two keys [Piano Lessonl and

[Music Lesson]." Art in America 63 (July-August 1975): 83-
86.
Comparison of two paralIel works with emphasis on
iconography, composition, rendering, and personal
symbolism. The earlier (1916) Piano Lesson is interpreted as
an allegory about the nature of art; the later (1917) Music
Lesson is revealed as a more personal, autobiographical
statement. Violinist at the Window (early 1917) is examined
as a stylistiealIy and psyehologicalIy transitional work
between the other two. Important insights into Matisse's
positionjust before his move to Niee in 1917-18.

910. Leigh, D. M. "Pictorial Perpetual Motion Machines." De

Arte 23 (April 1979): 12-18.
A general treatment of how eomposition generates complexity
of meaning with an analysis of three paintings in partieular:
Raphael's School 0/ Athens. Delaeroix's Entry 0/ the
Crusaders into Constantinople. and Matisse's Piano Lesson.

Pink Shrimp (ex. Everhart Museum)

911. Vogel, Carol. "Matisse or Money: Everhart Museum in
Seranton, Penn., wants to seil its most valuable painting, H.
M.'s Pink Shrimp." New York Times 142 (Oetober 9, 1992):
B6, C30.
A news item on the quandry of the Everson museum whieh
must contemplate selling its most notable work in order to
pay for other museum expenses in diffieult eeonomic times.

Pink Tablecloth (Lewisohn Collection)

912. Frost, Rosamond. "Collectors Come Out of Privaey:
Lewisohn Matisse: Pink Tablecloth. lent to Museum of
Modern Art." Art News 45 (July 1946): 17.
Note on the painting's history and its eolleetor's aequisition of
it in a longer article on the Museum of Modern Art's
exhibition of Summer 1946.
300 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Portrait of Andre Derain (Tate Gallery)

913. Farr, Dennis. "Modern Art and the M.A.-C.F." Apollo 80
(December 1954): 510-15.
The circumstances of the Tate' s acquisition of Matisse' s Andre
Derain are detailed in a longer article about recent acquisitions.

Portrait of the Antique Dealer Demotte (Musee de

Beaux-Arts de Lyon)
914. Brachlianoff, Dominique. "Le Portrait de I'antiquaire
Demotte." In Matisse: L'Art du livre, 9-12. Milan:
Mondadori, 1987. Catalogue for the exhibition, Matisse:
L 'Art du livre, Matisse dans Les coLLections du Musee de
Beaux-Arts de Lyon.
Fascinating account of the life and hard times of the sitter, the
circumstances of the portrait commission, and Matisse's
relation to the antique dealer.

Portrait of a Face in Pink and Blue (Montreal Musee

d' Art Contemporain)
915. Gagnon, P. "Notes sur le Portrait au Visage Rose et BLeue de
Matisse."Ateliers (Canada) 6, 1 (June 15-August 7, 1977): 4.
Note on the painting's acquisition by the Musee d' Art
Contemporain in Montreal from the Waddington Gallery,
which had purchased it from Georges Duthuit. There is also
an extended and intelligent analysis of the work and its role in
the artist's investigation of the problem of "drawing with
color." Author also makes an interesting contrast with The
Green Stripe of 1905.

Portrait of Greta Moll (National Gallery, London)

916. Levey, Michael. "French Acquisitions of Recent Years at the
National Gallery." Apollo 123 (June 1986): 378-85.
Among other works discussed, Matisse's portrait of his pupil,
Greta Moll, is treated briefly.

917. Moll, Margarete. "Errinerungen an Henri Matisse." Neue

Deutsche Hefte (February 1956).
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 301

Reminiscences by a fonner student of Matisse who was also

the subject of this portrait; she speaks of the stages of the
portrait' s fabrication.

918. Fourcade, Dominique, and Eric de Chassey. In Henri Matisse

1904-1917, 448-9. Exhibition catalogue.
Testimony by the sitter, from a letter to Alfred Barr and a late
artic\e by Moll, on Matisse's method while painting the
portrait. Also an excerpt from Hans Purrmann on the making
of the portrait.

Portrait of Greta Prozor (Musee National d'Art Moderne)

919. Fourcade, Dominique. "Henri Matisse: Greta Prozor. " Cahiers
du Musee National d'Art Modeme 11 (1983): 101-108.
MNAM has begun to fulfilI its mission to elevate taste, as
American museums have done so welI, according to the
author, by purchasing significant, highest-quality masterworks
of artists already represented in their colIections--hence, the
recent acquisition of Portrait of Greta Prozor. Richly
documented, with alI preparatory drawings reproduced.
Fourcade's artic\e iIIuminates Matisse's working method in
portraiture, gives evidence of the painting's neglect until mid-
century, and of Matisse's high regard for it.

Portrait of Yvonne Landsberg (Philadelphia Museum of

Art)
920. Weiss, Peg. "F1orence Koehler and Mary Elizabeth Sharpe:
An American Saga of Art and Patronage." Arts Mag. 4
(December 1978): 108-17.
An American artist, Koehler, and her patron Mrs. Sharpe are
privy to the events surrounding the painting of Yvonne
Landsberg. Primarily on the two woman, their milieu and
careers.

921. Fourcade, Dominique, and Eric de Chassey. In Henri Matisse

1904-1917, 499-500. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou,
1993. Exhibition catalogue.
302 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

An unusual compilation of commentary on the work by a

number of witnesses and critics.

Reclining Nude (Barnes Foundation)

922. Flam, Jack. "Reclining Nude (Nu couche)." In Great French
Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, 272-73. New York:
Knopf and Lincoln University, 1993.
First color reproductions of this painting, with related works
and accompanying catalogue entry, relating it to the criticism
of the day which favorably regarded the work in French
"classical" tradition.

Red Madras Headdress (Mme Matisse: Madras

rouge) (Barnes Foundation)
923. Flam, Jack. "The Red Madras Headdress ( Mme Matisse:
Madras rouge)." In Great French Paintings from the Barnes
Foundation, 238-39. New York: Knopf and Lincoln
University, 1993.
Flam discusses briefly the reception of the work, dates it
firmly to early summer of 1907, and indicates the influences
that were brought to bear on its decorative qualities.

924. Barnes, Albert, and Violette de Mazia. In Henri Matisse, 379-

82. New York: Scribner, 1933, no. 50.
Compositional analysis of the work.

The Red Studio (Museum of Modern Art)

925. Heron, Patrick. "Matisse; The Changing Jug." The Listener
(January 25, 1951 ).
A version of the radio talk of the same title in which Heron
first lays out his understanding and appreciation of how
Matisse makes his color create the objects in his interiors and,
at the same time, create their measurable spatial intervals. The
Red Studio is used as an example and appears on the cover of
the journal.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 303

926. Hollander, lohn. "Words on Pictures: Ekphrasis." Art and

Antiques (March 1984): 80-91.
Abrief his tory of the practice of writing poems about painting
is followed by modern examples. W. D. Snodgrass's poem on
Matisse's Red Studio is included.

927. lacobus, lohn. "Matisse's Red Studio." Art News 71

(September 1972): 30-34.
lacobus sees this work as the most important anti-Cubist,
anti-Cezanne statement in early twentieth century art, rivaling
Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon in importance. It is a Salon-
scaled machine, in ambition, size, and theme; lacobus
contrasts it with Courbet's Atelier and Corot's, Gerome's, and
BaziIIe's treatments of the "artist's studio" subject. He also
points out its importance to contemporary color-field painters
such as Rothko and Newman.

928. Nochlin, Linda. "The Telling Detail." House and Garden

155, 1 (lanuary 1983): 136-43.
Using paintings of rooms by Hockney, Hogarth, Van Gogh,
and Matisse (Red Studio), Nochlin reads the works for
emotional clues to the artist and his meanings. Matisse's
work is interpreted as both an avant-garde statement and an
indicator of Matisse's attitude toward the female body.

929. Reiff, Robert F. "Matisse and The Red Studio." Art Journal
30 (Winter 1970/71): 144-47.
A sensitive formal reading of the work, which is contrasted
with The Pink Studio of the same year, 1911. The context of
viewing the works is the 1970 Paris Centenary show, also
evaluated.

930. Snodgrass, W. D. "Matisse: the Red Studio." Portfolio and

Art News Annual 3 (1960): 90-91.
Snodgrass's poem on the painting is printed on a two-page
spread of the painting in color, along with numerous selected
details of the work.
304 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

The Repose of the Models on an Ornamental

Background with Checkerboard (Philadelphia Museum
of Art)
931. H. G. G. "Le Repos des modeles, 1928." Bult. Philadelphia
Museum 0/ Art 283-284 (Fall 1964): 9.
The page-long description/analysis of this oil relates it to
Matisse' strip to Italy in 1925 and the turn taken in his work
with Decorative Nude on an Ornamental Background.

The Road to Clamart (Musee National d'Art Moderne)

932. Dorival, Bernard. "La Route de Clamart, acquisition au Musee
National d'Art Moderne." Rev. des Arts 6 (March 1956): 54.
A very fine, if brief, treatment of this canvas recently acquired
by the Museum. which had no work by Matisse of either this
genre or period. Dorival sets the work in the context of the
post-1917 work of Matisse and skillfully summarizes its
characteristics: "cursive contours, marked forms, clear planar
recession, restricted palette, thin paint application, decisive and
rapid facture, so sure of itself that, in the sky especially, it can
leave vast stretches of virgin canvas without the painting
appearing empty, hasty, or unfinished."

The Rose (Norton Museum and School of Art)

933. Flam, Jack D. "A Comment on the Matisse Paintings in the
Norton Gallery and School of Art." Norton Galteries Studies
2 (Art Museum of Palm Beach), 1973.
A full discussion of the work in a broad formal, iconographic
and historical context.

The Rose [Pink] Marble Table (Museum of Modern

Art)
934. "Painting and Scu1pture Acquisitions." Museum 0/ Modern
Art Bult. 24,4 (Summer 1957): 8-9.
A note on the Mu·seum's acquisition of Back 11, The Serj,
Jeannette 11, and The Pink Marble Table.

Sailor 11 (Gelman Collection)

PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OlITS 305

935. Schneider, Pierre. "Sailor 11. .. In Twentieth Century Modern

Masters: The Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection. New
York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Abrams, 1989.
Exhibition catalogue.
A fine article that places the work in the context of Matisse's
fauve style of 1906 and, and among other things, identifies the
boy who posed for the picture in Collioure.

Seated Odalisque (ex. Clark collection)

936. Crowninshield, Frank "Seated Odalisque." Vogue (December
15, 1937): 53, 92.
A full-page color reproduction of the work (formerly in the
Stephen C. Clark collection) is accompanied by an essay
whieh strongly defends Matisse on a point-by-point basis.
One of these points is that he is not a modern in the sense of
Picasso and others, that he has more in common with the
problem-solving of Chinese, Persian, Byzantine, and medieval
artisans. Seated Odalisque 's color is analyzed to refute the
charge that Matisse's color is crude and uncontroIIed; rather it
shows "impeccable elegance and taste."

Seated Odalisque with Raised Knee (Barnes

Foundation)
937. Flam, lack. "Seated Odalisque (Le Genou Leve)." In Great
French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation. 268-71. New
York: Knopf and Lineoln University, 1993.
First color reproductions of this painting with related works,
and accompanying catalogue entry that discusses the theme of
the odalisque more generally.

Seated Riffian (Barnes Foundation)

938. Flam, lack. "Seated Riffian (Le Rifain assis)." In Great
French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, 246-49. New
York: Knopfand Lincoln University, 1993.
First color reproductions of this painting with related works,
and documentary photo and accompanying catalogue entry.
306 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

The Snail (Tate Gallery)

939. Roddon, Guy. "L'Escargot." Artist (UK) 98,7 (July 1983):
166-67.
A mostly formal discussion of the large cut-paper work.

940. Fairbrass, Sheila. "Henri Matisse's The Snail." In

Completing the Picture: Materials and Techniques 01 Twenty-
Six Paintings in the Tate Gallery. London: Tate Gallery,
1982.
A discussion of the materials and technique used in the
production of the paper cut-out.

Spanish Still Life (Hermitage)

Seville Still Life (Hermitage)
941. De Baranano, Kosme M. "Matisse e Iturrino." Goya 205-206
(July-October 1988): 94-98.
Author discusses the work of Francisco de Iturrino (1864-
1924) who was associated with Picasso around 1901, with
Matisse around 1911, and with Soutine in the early twenties.
Matisse was joined by Iturrino in Seville in 1910-11 and the
author discusses work by both men from the same motif and
perhaps the same model--Joaquina.

Still Life (George Booth Collection, Detroit)

942. "Booth's Matisse." Art Digest 4 (January 15, 1930): 19.
A note and photo graph of a stilllife (Iate 20s) just purchased
by Booth from the Reinhardt Galleries of New York.

Still Life [pineapple, compote, fruits, anemones]

on a Table (Philadelphia Museum of Art)
943. H.G.G. "Still Lile on a Table, 1925." Bult. Philadelphia
Museum 01 Art, 283-284 (Fall 1964): 7.
An analysis/description of this newly-acquired work which
relates it to still lifes with the same motifs.

Still Life with Goldfish

PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 307

944. Daniels, A. "Looking and Learning." Artist (UK) 86, 2

(October 1973): 43-46.
A lesson in understanding the structure of pictorial
composition, using a work each by Cezanne, Matisse, and
Nicholson, all of whom moved from the depiction of nature to
abstract construction.

Still Life with a Piaster Bust (Barnes Foundation)

945. Flam, lack. "Still Life with a Piaster Bust (Nature morte aux
coloquintes)." In Great French Paintings from the Barnes
Foundation, 250-51. New York: Knopf and Lincoln
University, 1993.
First color reproduction of this painting with related works,
and accompanying catalogue entry which reiterates Flam's
dating of the canvas to late spring, 1916, rather than the long-
held date of 1912.

Still Life with Statuette [Piaster Figure] (Yale Art

Gallery)
946. Carlson, Eric Gustav. "Still Life with Statuette by Henri
Matisse." Yale Univ. Art Galtery Bult. 31 (Spring 1967): 4-
13.
Carlson dates the work to 1906, identifies the objects and
artworks depicted, and assesses its importance to the
development of Matisse's style and to international
Expressionism.

Studio, Quai Saint-Michel (Phillips Collection)

947. "Double Matisse holiday: two monumental works enter
American collections: Studio {Quai Saint Michel] acquired by
Phillips gallery and Nature morte acquired by S. A. Marx."
Art News 39 (December 28, 1940): 6-7+.
Account of the acquisitions of the two works in question.

948. Schwartz, Paul W. "The Hidden Muse: Finding the Divine

Spark in the Details of Old Masters." Connoisseur 218,916
(May 1988): 104-13.
308 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A reading of brilliant and intimate details in the work of ni ne

master paintings, one of which is Matisse's Studio. Quai St.
Michel.

Swimming Pool (Museum of Modern Art)

949. "Le Musee d'Art Moderne de New York vient d'acquerir La
Piscine." Connaissance arts 292 (June 1976): 11.
On the acquisition of La Piscine [Swiming Pool] by the
Museum of Modern Art and the loss of another part of the
French patrimony.

950. Glueck, Grace. "Modern Gets Huge Matisse Cut-Out for I

Million Trade." New York Times (March 10, 1976).
An account of the acquisition of this major paper cut-out by
the Museum of Modern Art through the trade of undiscIosed
other works in the collection.

Tea (Los Angeles M'Jseum of Art)

951. Livingston, Jane. "Matisse's Tea." Los Angeles County
Museum Bull. 20,2 (1974): 47-57.
In this superb study of an important, large post-war panel that
critics tenned "illustrational" and "anti-rhetorical," the author
consciously questions the standard wisdom of the Matisse
literature that stresses progressiveness and innovation as the
hallmark of modernity. Unusually thorough and insightful;
the model is incorrectly identified as Henriette.

952. "Important New Museum Installations and Acquisitions {Tea

of 1919]." Connoisseur 189 (May 1975): 72.
A note on the acquisition of this major work for a Los
Angeles museum.

Thousand and One Nights (Carnegie Institute)

953. "Frieze by Matisse for the Carnegie Institute." Burlington
Mag. 114 (July 1972): 509.
An infonnative note on the acquisition of this work for the
Carnegie Institute.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-Ours 309

954. Failing, Patricia. "The Objects of Their Affection." Art News

81,9 (November 1982): 122-31.
Author discusses the favorite pieces (by visitors' responses) in
each of ten museums, giving historical and anecdotal details on
each work and some information on iconography and
technique. From Carnegie Institute Museum of Art, Matisse's
Thousand and One Nights is selected for discussion.

Three Bathers (Minneapolis Museum of Art)

955. Lucas, lohn. "The Twins Come of Age." Arts Mag. 36
(March 1962): 60.
Mentions, among other works, Matisse's Three Bathers
[CollioureJ as an important work in the collection.

The Three Sisters Triptych (Barnes Foundation)

956. Plam, lack. "The Three Sisters Triptych (Les trois soeurs,
triptyque)." In Great French Paintingsfrom the Bames
Foundation, 252-57. New York: Knopf and Lincoln
University, 1993.
First color reproductions of this painting, with sketches and
related works and accompanying catalogue entry which
establishes the details of its acquisition by Barnes.

Two Girls in a Yellow and Red Interior (Barnes

Foundation)
957. Plam, lack. "Two Girls in a Yellow and Red Interior (Deux
jillettes, fond jaune et rouge)." In Great French Paintings
from the Bames Foundation, 292-93. New York: Knopf and
Lincoln University, 1993.
First color reproduction of this painting, with related work
and accompanying catalogue entry.

Two Rays (Norton Gallery and School of Art)

958. Plam, lack D. "A Comment on the Matisse Paintings in the
Norton Gallery and School of Art." Norton Galleries Studies
2 (Art Museum of Palm Beach), 1973.
310 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A full discussion of the work in a broad fonnal. iconographic,

and historical context.

Variation on aStilI Life by de Heem (Museum of

Modern Art)
959. Beal, Jack. "Sight and Sense, Studying Pictorial
Composition." American Artist 50 (February 1986): 54-61,
92-97.
Using methods of compositional analysis learned as a student
at the School of the Art Institute from Isobel Steele
McKinnon (fonner student of Hans Hofmann) and Kathleen
Blackshear (fonner student ofHelen Gardner), the painter Jack
Beal discusses pictorial composition by examining a number
of eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and twentieth-century still Iifes.
Constrasting Matisse's Variation on a Still Life by de Heem
(1916) with the original canvas by de Heem, he finds that, for
all its modernist flatness, Matisse's work exhibits a certain
conservatism in stablizing the composition into a frontal,
static grid, simplifying the objects in number, and imposing
strong contours. Matisse thus rids de Heem's composition of
its complex and multivalent rhythms and intricate organization
of space.

Vase of Flowers (Toledo Museum of Art)

960. "Our painting by Matisse: Vase 0/ Flowers." Toledo Museum
Newsletter 88 (December 1939): 10-12.
A very fine fonnal anlaysis of this work, acquired by the
Museum in 1935, which has an unusual (for Matisse)
dominant color scheme around blue and yellow. The painting
of a woman in the background, behind the flowers. is barely
noted in the descriptive analysis that minimizes the extent of
'human significance" the work evokes.

View of Collioure with Church (ex. Kate Steichen

Collection)
961. Robinson, W. "MoMA Surrenders Contested Matisse." Art in
America 78 (October 1990): 47.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 311

A well-researched notice on the details of the lawsuit between

the Steichen heirs and the Museum of Modern Art on the
contested work, and a discussion of the status of "old loans"
(long-term promised loans for which the terms are not cIear or
the parties have lost contact) in general and their resolution.

962. "My Little Matisse (MOMA and members of the family of

Edward Steichen have reached a settlement over the ownership
of a painting by Matisse)." Art News 89 (October 1990): 76.
A full account of the falling out between Kate Steichen and the
Museum of Modern Art over the small landscape, View of
Collioure with Church, bequeathed or loaned to the museum in
1973. Given by Matisse to Edward Steichen in 1908, the
latter, who headed MoMA's photography department from
1947-1962, gave it to his daughter on her birthday in 1962.
The work's absence from the museum 's colIection was
compensated by the gift from Mrs. Bertram Smith of a more
important landscape of the same year, 1905, Landscape at
Collioure.

View of Notre Dame, Spring (Museum of Modern Art)

963. Siegel, Jeanne. "Henri Matisse's View of Notre Dame,
Spring, 1914." Arts Mag. 54 (January 1980): 158-161.
A nuanced discussion of this painting in relation to eight
others with the same motif and in relation to Matisse's
response to Cubism.

View of the Sea, Collioure (Barnes Foundation)

964. Flam, Jack. "View of the sea, Colloiure (La mer vue a
Collioure)." In Great French Paintings from the Barnes
Foundation, 236-37. New York: Knopf and Lincoln
University, 1993.
First color reproduction of this painting with related works and
accompanying catalogue entry that establishes date of early
summer 1907.

White Plumes (Minneapolis Institute of Arts)

312 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

965. "Institute Acquires a Famous Matisse, The White PLumes."

Minneapolis Institute BuLL. 37 (February 7, 1948): 25-31.
An extended discussion of the painting recently acquired by the
Institute, comparing it with the Chester Dale version of the
same subject and to the drawing which most cIosely resembles
it (Newberry Collection). More comprehensive than
insightful.

966. Salinger, Marguerite. "White PLumes with Variations."

Pamassus 4 (December 1932): 9-10.
A fine, appreciative analysis of the eleven drawings related to
the painting, White PLumes (1919) that challenges the claim
by Charles Vildrac that the drawings are only "preliminary
studies" for the oil(s). Salinger's discussion stresses the
drawings' completeness, variety, and sensitivity to the sitter' s
moods.

967. "White PLumes acquired by Minneapolis." Art News 47

(September 1948): 36-37.
FuII color, full-page reproduction of the painting with
accompanying brief commentary.

The Window (Detroit Institute of the Arts)

968. "Interior Purchased by the Museum." Detroit Institute 0/ Arts
BuLL. 5 (October 1923): 4-5.
An account of the purchase--the first by any American
museum--of Matisse's 1915 painting now known as The
Window. The short article insists, for its readers, on Matisse's
wholesomeness and rationality.

The Wine Press (Private Collection)

969. "La Vis [The Wine Press]." Art News 92 (October 1993): 22.
Handsome colored full-page reproduction in an announcement
of the work's imminent sale at Sotheby's.
970. "La Vis [The Wine Press]." ArchitecturaL Digest 50
(November 1993): A 13.
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 313

Notice on the work's availablity for sale at Sotheby's auction.

Woman and Goldfish Bowl (Barnes Foundation)

971. "Femme a la bowl des poissons." Cahiers d'art 6-7 (June
1937).
Black and white reproduction only.

972. Bock, Catherine C. "Woman Be/ore an Aquarium and Woman

on a Rose Divan; Matisse in the Helen Birch Bartlett
Memorial Collection." Art Inst. 0/ Chicago Museum Studies
12,2 (1986): 200-21.
In the discussion of the motif of the woman with goldfish
bowl in the later, more finished version of this work (Art
Institute of Chicago), the author deals with the character and
dating of the earlier (Barnes Foundation) painting. See longer
summary below, no. 973.

Woman Before an Aquarium (Art Institute of Chicago)

973. Bock, Catherine C. "Woman Be/ore an Aquarium and Woman
on a Rose Divan; Matisse in the Helen Birch Bartlett
Memorial Collection." Art Inst. 0/ Chicago Museum Studies
12,2 (1986): 200-21.
Author treats the two 1920s Matisse canvases as aspects of the
"new" women whose appearance is often marked by
melancholy and anxiety or as fictitious "odalisques" from an
artificial and bankrupt nineteenth- century Orientalist tradition.
Both works are given detailed formal, iconographic, and
historical analyses which support a claim to qualitative
excellence for the decade in question.

974. BrettelI, Richard R. "The Bartletts and the Grande latte:

Collecting Modern Painting in the 1920s." Art Inst. 0/
Chicago Museum Studies 12,2 (1986): 102-113.
Places the acquisition of Woman Be/ore an Aquarium in the
context of the Bartletts' collecting patterns of the 1920s.
Author indcates that, along with Van Gogh's Madame Roulin
314 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Rocking the Cradle, the Matisse is the most significant

painting purchased before Seurat's Grande latte.

975. Hampl, Patricia. "On Henri Matisse, Woman Be/ore an

Aquarium." In Trans/orming Vision, Writers on Art., 46-7.
Ed., Edward Hirsch. Boston; Little, Brown and Company, and
Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1994. A Bullfinch
Press book.
In a book of writers' responses to works in the Art Institute of
Chicago, Patricia Hampl's 1978 poem on Matisse's 1920's
palOtlOg is reproduced across from its full-page color
reproduction. Hampl is the author of Virgin Time. In Search
0/ the Contemplative Life (1992).
976. Linker, Kate. "Meditations on a Goldfish Bowl, Autonomy
and Analogy in Matisse." Artforum 19, 2 (October 1980):
65-73.
An extraordinary essay on the figuring (in the rhetorical sense)
of objects in Matisse's oeuvre. Matisse's usage of the goldfish
bowl, windowed and mirrored interiors, curved space, and
dancers are examined as metaphors for the self-containment and
self-reflexiity of modern art (Proust, Poe, and Mallarme being
the literary counterparts). An important essay.

977. Reff. Theodore. "Matisse: Meditations on a Statuette and

Goldfish." Arts Mag. 51,3 (November 1976): 109-15.
A detailed discussion of the motifs of the sculpture of a
reclining nude, goldfish, and open doorway or window in a
number of Matisse paintings, primarily those in the Museum
of Modern Art collection. Far-ranging and erudite in its
references, Reff s article entails both iconographic and formal
interpretation, and relates these motifs to classical arcadian
themes, to the art and experience of the Middle and Far East,
and to their precedents in Cezanne's oeuvre. An important
article for all works using these motifs.

Woman in Blue Dress (Philadelphia Museum of Art)

PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 315

978. "[BLue Robe]: Evolution of a Painting." Mag. of Art 32, 7

(luly 1939): 414-15.
Ten photographs of progressi ve stages of Matisse' s Blue Robe
are reproduced along with the final version. The anonymous
commentator notes that the first version is as stylish as a
fashion illustration in Harper's Bazaar. AIthough he admits
that the work moves from "stylishness" to "style," the writer
characterizes all of the work of these years as that of Matisse' s
"fashionable maturity."

Woman in Blue Gandurah

979. Szymusiak, Dominique. "Acquisitions: Le Cateau-Cambresis."
Revue du Louvre 42 (December 1992): 111-12.
A short article on the painting Femme a La gandourah bleue,
one of the artist's last oil paintings (1952), which has just
come into the museum's collection.

Woman on a Rose Divan (Art Institute of Chicago)

980. Bock, Catherine C. "Woman Before an Aquarium and Woman
on a Rose Divan; Matisse in the Helen Birch Bartlett
Memorial Collection." Art Institute of Chicago Mus. Studies
12, 2 (1986): 200-21.
Author treats the two 1920s Matisse canvases as aspects of the
painter's portrayals of women in the early Nice period: as
contemporary "new" women whose appearance is often marked
by melancholy and anxiety or as fictitious "odalisques" from
an artificial and bankrupt nineteenth-century Orientalist
tradition. Both works are given detailed formal, iconographic,
and historical analyses which support a claim to qualitative
excellence for the decade in question.

Woman Reading at a Dressing Table (Barnes

Foundation)
981. Flam, lack. "Woman Reading at a Dressing Table (Interieur,
Nice)." In Great French Paintingsfrom the Barnes Foundation,
262-63. New York: Knopf and Lincoln University, 1993.
316 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

First color reproduction of this painting, presented with related

works and accompanying catalogue entry.

[Woman] Reader on a Black Background (Musee

National d'Art Moderne)
982. Cogniat, Raymond. "The French Comeback, Reader Acquired
by Musee d'Art Moderne." Art News 46 (June 1947): 35,54.
A short report from Paris touting its post-war cultural
"comeback" inc1uding an account of the reopening of the
Musee d' Art Moderne with new acquisitions, inc1uding the
donation by the artist of ten Picasso paintings and of Matisse's
1939 Reader {on a BLack Background].

Woman Seated by a Window

983. "Notable Works now on the Market." BurLington Mag. 97
(December 1956): supp. 12.
Photo and historical commentary on this little-known variant
of a well-known theme (1918-19), formerly owned by
Marlborough Fine Art, and for sale at this time.

Woman with the Hat (San Francisco Museum of Modern

Art)
984. Klein, John. "When Worlds Collide, Matisse's Femme au
Chapeau and the Politics of the Portrait." In Matisse and
Other Modern Masters. The ELise S. Haas CoLLection. 7-18.
San Francisco: The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art,
1993.
The author's subtly argued theme is that of the contradictions
in Matisse's desire to use the new (Fauve) stylistic freedom
that was developed in landscape painting to create a portrait, a
genre demanding more "consistency and finish." To compound
the problem, the portrait's subject is the artist's wife, an
intimate subject with its own conventional demands. The
transgression of the portrait, therefore, according to Klein, lies
not only in the fluidity of its non-naturalistic color and facture,
but in the tension and near hostility of the portrayal of Mme
Matisse and the further denial of the c1ass prestige that a hand-
painted portrait was meant to embody and disc1ose. Klein
PAINTING, PAPER CUT-OUTS 317

suggests that the negative criticism of the work somehow

recognized aH these transgressive features of the work.

Yellow and Blue Interior (Musee National d' Art

Modeme)
985. Boudou, Dominique. "Apres le chaos, les annees 50 de
Bernard Ceysson; Entretien." Beaux-Arts Mag. I 17
(November 1993): 64.
Interview with the curator of an exhibit, Entre La serenite et
L'inquihude, at the Musee d'art Moderne de Saint-Etienne. A
detail ofMatisse's work is given a fuH-page color reproduction
but not specificaHy discussed. General remarks on the period,
however, are pertinent.
318 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Sculpture
Backs 0, I, 11, 111, IV
986. Flam, lack. "Matisse Backs and the Development of his
Paintings." Art Journal 30,4 (Summer 1971): 352-61.
A fine study of the Backs in relation, not so much to one
another in a linear development as in relation to other
sculptures and paintings that were being made at the same
time. Written after Albert Elsen's artic1e on the Backs, "The
Sculpture of Henri Matisse: IV," had appeared. Flam's study
enriches our understanding of the works by placing them in
this wider context of Matisse's ongoing stylistic development
in all media. In his sculpture, as in his painting, from 1909
to 1929 he moved from plastic to non-plastic space, from
acute attention to details to a search for totality in the balance
between figure and ground.

987. Szymusiak. Dominique, and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine.

Matisse: Les Ptatres originaux des bas reliefs Dos I, 11, lll, IV.
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, 1990.
A smalI, beautifully produced catalogue published on the
occasion of the gift of the four original piaster casts of the
Backs to the Musee Matisse in Le Cateau-Cambresis. Each
piaster is completely documented with bibliography and
commentary drawn mainly from the catalogue of Matisse in
the Coltection of the Musee National d'Art Moderne by
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine. The short, informative introduction
is by Dominque Szymusiak. the curator of the museum.

988. "Painting and Sculpture Acquisitions." Museum of Modern

Art Bult. 24,4 (Summer 1957): 8-9.
A note on the Museum's acquisition of Back 11, The Serj,
Jeannette I/, and The Pink Marble Table.

989. Bothner, Roland. Chapter V of Grund und Figur: die

Geschichte des Reliefs un Auguste Rodins Hollen to r.
Munich: Wilhelm Fink, 1993.
SCULPfURE 319

In a general study of the modern problem of the sculptural

relief that takes Rodin's Gates 0/ Hell as its main example,
the author discusses the sculptural relief work of Matisse and
Picasso in the context of the dissolution of form.

Jeannette I-V
990. "Five Heads of Jeannette by Matisse." Los Angeles Museum
0/ Art Bult. 19, 1 (1968-69): 20-21. .
A short analytic description (iIIustrated) of the five vers ions of
the head of Jeannette (1910-1916), donated by the Art Museum
Council as a memorial to Mrs. EImer C. Rigby.

991. "Painting and Sculpture Acquisitions." Museum 0/ Modern

Art Bull. 24,4 (Summer 1957): 8-9.
A note on the Museum's acquisition of Back 1/, The Serf,
JeanneUe 1/, and The Pink Marble Table.

Large Seated Nude

992. "Notable Works Now on the Market." Burlington Mag. 102
(December 1969), supp. 7.
Discusses Matisse's 1925-26 bronze along with other works.

Reclining Figure with Chemise (BaItimore Museum of

Art)
993. RosenthaI, Gertrude. "Matisse's RecIining Figures: A Theme
and Its Variations." Baltimore Museum News 19 (February
1956): 10-15.
Discusses the motif of the recIining nude in Matisse's scupture
and painting on the occasion of the gift of the bronze
Reclining Figure with Chemise (1905) to the museum.

994. "Three Sculptures in the Co ne Collection: Reclining Nude,

Slave, Venus in a Shell." Baltimore Museum News 20,3
(February 1957): 10-11.
The three works are reproduced along with other major
paintings in an issue devoted to the opening of the Cone Wing
320 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

at the Baltimore Museum of Art in 1957. No specific

commentary .

Reclining Nude I (Albright-Knox Gallery)

995. "Reclining Nude I, acquired by the Museum." Buffalo Gallery
Notes 11 (July 1946): 19, 24-25.
A brief note on the acquisition of the sculpture for the
museum.

The Serf
996. "Painting and Sculpture Acquisitions." Museum 0/ Modern
Art Bull. 24,4 (Summer 1957): 8-9.
A note on the Museum's acquisition of Back 11, The Ser/.
Jeannette 11, and The Pink Marble Table.

Two Negresses
997. Hobhouse, Janet. "Looking at Art: Matisse's Two Negresses."
Art News 86, 10 (December 1987): 81-82.
A sensitive study of the sculpture analysing how Matisse de-
eroticized the bronze in working from a trite colonialist
photograph of two Tuareg women. In building an astonishing
construction from the two nearly-identical/ significantly
different figures, Matisse finds the gravity and grandeur of the
human figure and perhaps sublimates its eroticism.

998. " Notable Works on the Market (Two Negresses)," Burlington

Mag. 99 (December 1957): supp. 7.
A short but rich note on the bronze, a cast of wh ich was for
sale from the Dr. and Mrs. Harry Bakwin Collection.
DRA WING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 321

Drawing, Graphics, Book Design

Circus (Plate II from Jazz)
999. Olsen, Valerie Loupe. "Jazz." Arts Quarterly 9, I (January-
March 1987): 9.
Discusses the individual plate Circus from Jazz, a print of
which has just entered the collection of the New Orleans
Museum of Art.

Dancer Resting in an Armchair (National Gallery of

Toronto)
1000. Taylor, M. "Recent Acquisitions: The National Gallery
Department of Prints and Drawings." Arts Canada 26
(February 1969): 19-20.
A note on the acquisition of the 1939 drawing which was a
study for the Toledo Art Museum's Seated Dancer.

The Dream. Poster

1001. Breeskin, Adelaid D. "A Poster by Matisse: Le reve." Print
Collector's Quarterly 24 (December 1937): 441-42.
Matisse's poster, one of those used to announce the
Independent Art Exhibition of 1937 in Paris, is compared
favorably to those of Steinlen and Toulouse-Lautrec in the
nineteenth century and is considered a "collectable" by print
lovers. The museum is adding it to its collection of prints.

Girl with Tulips (Museum of Modern Art)

1002. King, Antoinette. "Technical and Esthetic Attitudes About the
Cleaning of Works of Art on Paper." Drawing 8 (November-
December, 1986): 79-84.
The author, director of conservation at the Museum of Modern
Art, discusses damage problems of specific works on paper,
including this charcoal drawing of Jeanne Vaderin arid
Matisse's cut-paper mural The Swimming Pool.

Female Nude (Location unknown)

1003. Geldzahler, Henry, "Two Early Matisse Drawings." Gaz.
beaux-arts 6,60 (November 1962): 497-505.
322 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A close analysis of this pen and ink drawing with a

connoisseur's appreciation of quality and technique. This
reclining nude (known only from being illustrated in Marcel
Sembat's 1920 monograph on Matisse) is compared to a Van
Gogh painting, Female Nude (Barnes Foundation, formerly
Vollard Collection), and a related drawing which Matisse could
not have seen. The comparison is not entirely convincing.
Another drawing of the period, Male Nude, no. 1030, is also
discussed.

Five Drawings, Two Etchings (Gardner Museum)

1004. Haas, Karen E. "Henri Matisse; A Magnificent
Draughtsman .... Fenway Court (1985): 36-49.
The five figure drawings and two portrait etchings by Matisse
owned by the museum (courtesy of Thomas Whittemore,
Matthew Prichard, and Sarah Sears) are reproduced and
discussed. Earlier literature (R. van N. Hadley, Drawings/
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, 1968) is corrected.

Une Fete de Cimmerie (book)

1005. Riopelle, Jean, and Pierre Schneider. "Une Fete de Cimmerie
ou les Esquimaux vus par Matisse." Ateliers (Canada) 3, 5
(\974): 8.
Excerpts from catalogue accompanying an exhibition of
drawings inspired by Eskimo masks which Georges Duthuit
had in his studio. The Canadian Cultural Center in Paris was
the site of the exhibition in 1970-71; the book, with text by
Duthuit, had been published in 1963.

1006. Matisse, the Inuit Face (Le Visage Inuit). London: Cultural
Center, Canadian High Commission, 1993. Exhibition
catalogue. Foreword by Michael Regan, curator, who was
assisted by Patricia Anderson; introductory text by Claude
Duthuit. English and French.
Catalogue for the exhibition of all the known drawings and
prints--charcoal, pencil, aquatints, lithographs--that Matisse
made from a collection of Inuit masks belonging to Georges
Duthuit; from the Henri Matisse archives and loans from Jean-
DRAWING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 323

Paul Riopelle. A fine essay, "Surrealism, Structuralism, and

the French Collecting of American Ethnography," by J. C. H.
King of the Musee d'Homme is the major catalogue text.

Les Fleurs du mal by Baudelaire (book)

1007. Eichhorn, Linda. "Matisse and Les Fleurs du mal." Library
Chronicle 0/ the University oj Texas at Austin 27 (1984):47-
59.
The author demonstrates Matisse's total involvement in the
production of the books he iIIustrated by examining twenty
unpublished letters to printer and book designer Jean-Gabriel
Daragnes concerning an unrealized edition of Les Fleurs du
mal.

1008. Smith, Elaine. "Matisse and Rouault IlIustrate Baudelaire. "

Baltimore Museum News 19, 1 (October 1955): 1-9.
Matisse's illustrations for Les Fleurs du mal are judged less in
keeping with the spirit of Baudelaire's text than the more
expressive and tragic images of Rouault. A careful analysis of
both artists' illustrations.

Florilege des Amours de Pierre Ronsard [book]

1009. Aragon, Louis. "Ronsard ou le quatre-vingt printemps." Les
Lettres jranraises, December 30, 1948; also in Henri Matisse:
a Novel, vol. 11; 159-64, no. 49.
A short poetic comment on Matisse's Ronsard in which
Aragon remembers Matisse already reading the poet in 1941.
Matisse finally only dealt with the poet's amours and nothing
but his loves. Matisse, Aragon concIudes, takes from each
poet (Mallarme, Baudelaire, etc.) only what he pleases, what
he needs, athough he were telling his own Iife story.

1010. Bouvier, Marguette. "Henri Matisse iIlustre Ronsard."

Comoedia 80 (January 9, 1943): 1,6.
An articIe on the Ronsard project which incIudes statements by
Matisse on the illustrations.
324 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

1011. "Matisse: Illustrations to the Amours 0/ Pierre Ronsard

[Atkinson Art Gallery, Southport, England; traveling
exhibit]." Art & Artists 213 (lune 1984): 29.
A review of seleeted drawings from the Florilege des amours
of Ronsard, with two iIIustrated. The extended English
itinerary of the exhibit is given at the end of the review.

1012. MitehelI, Breon. "Florilege des amours de Ronsard [Review

article of reproduetion of the original book by Dieter Grauer
Design, in 1986]." Fine Print 13 (Oetober 1987): 187-88.
After a deseription of the original book designed by Matisse
and published by Skira in 1948, the author notes that the
reprise, printed in half the size of the original under the name
Les Amours de Cassandre, makes no note of the original
eolophon, leading the uninformed reader to believe that this is
a first printing of Matisse's design. Besides, only nineteen
poems of the original, and fifty-two of the 126 original
illustrations are used. Although a close eomparison of the
reproduetion with the original results in a eritieism of the
former, the author nevertheless says that the new book is
earefullY printed and attraetive in its own right and plaees at
least this redueed version in the hands of those who might
never see or handle one of the original volumes.

1013. "Ronsard's Love Poems IIlustrated with 126 lithographs." Art

News 48 (lune 1949): 12.
A note on the publieation of Matisse's iIIustrated book,
Florilege des amours de Pierre Ronsard.

Jazz (Unbound Book) )

1014. "A Propos d'un livre de Matisse [Jazz]." Arts (lanuary 2,
1948): 2.
A short note on the book's appearanee as a major artistie
event.

1015. Auehincloss, Eve. "Cut to the Quick." Connoisseur 213

(November 1983): 18.
DRA WING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 325

A note on Matisse's technique in the production of his book,

Jazz, on the occasion of its facsimile edition published by
Braziller in 1983. Colored reproduction of The Nightmare oj
the White Elephant.

1016. Arikha, Avigdor. "Matisse et l'Apocalypse de Saint-Sever:

Beatus et Jazz." In Peinture et regard, Ecrits sur l'art 1965-
1990, 193-205. Paris: Hermann, 1991. Originally published
as a pamphlet in English for the Los Angeles County
Museum of Art, 1972, and reprinted in Connaisance arts 468
(February 1991): 26-39.
A learned essay on the eleventh-century illuminated
manuscript, the Apocalyse oj Saint-Sever, and on the
possibility that it was seen by Matisse when he began to work
with cut-paper as a new medium. On exhibit at the
Bibliotheque Nationale in 1937, individual pages were
reproduced in Documents 2 (1929) and Verve 2 (1937-38),
and published in a facsimile edition in 1943 by Matisse' s
printers, Mourlot, just as Matisse beg an Jazz. The vividly
contrasting zones of pure color in a non-naturalistic rendering
of figures and grounds are common to both narratives, both
books of Revelation.

1017. Delectorskaya, Lydia. "Commentaire sur les images de Jazz. ,.

Written on the presentation of the album offered to the Musee
National d'Art Moderne, 1964. Published in Cowart, et al.
Henri Matisse, Paper Cut-Outs, 103-113. St. Louis and
Detroit, 1977, no. 307.
This invaluable commentary succinctly summarizes Matisse's
subject matter in eactI plate of Jazz, as recalled by his
secretary-companion of that time.

1018. Flam, Jack D. "Jazz." In Henri Matisse, Paper Cut-Outs, 37-

47. St. Louis and Detroit: The St. Louis Mueum of Art and
the Detroit Insititute of the Arts, 1977. Exhibtion catalogue,
nO.307.
326 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

This text sets the process of cut-out paper design in the

context of Matisse's historical struggle to reconcile line and
color, surface and space, immediacy and synthesis in his oils
as weil as in other media. Flam sees the plates as "text" and
the written words of Jazz as the "illustrations" of the text.
Together they form a kind of credo, manifesto, and
autobiography in wh ich the artist offers hirnself as an example
to young artists and at the same time sets out a program for
his subsequent work in the medium. Flam details his ideas on
Matisse's development of a system of signs for things and
concepts rather than the images--however distilled--that he had
previously used. Author uses Jazz to discuss larger issues on
the changes in Matisse's project at this time, as the specific
history and iconography of Jazz is treated in the commentary
later on in the catalogue, 10 1-115. An article of the first
importance.

1019. Flam, Jack D. "Jazz [book review]." Artforum 22 (February

1984): 72-73.
This review is critical of the Braziller 1983 reproduction of
Matisse's Jazz in nearly the same size with an introduction by
Riva CastIeman. Flam objects to the book as c1aiming to be
faithful to or approaching the quality of the original, since the
colors in the reproduction are "dull and lifeless" and the paper
so thin that the design of the next page shows through.

1020. Glenn, Constance. "For Collectors: The Ingenious Livre

d'Artiste." Architectural Digest 41 (March 1984): 62,66+.
A general explanation of the livre d' artiste is followed by a
demonstration of the artists' total conception in Matisse's Jazz
and Jim Dine's Apocalypse: the Revelation oi Saint John the
Divine.

1021. Hadler, Mona. "Jazz and the Visual Arts." Arts 57 (June
1983): 93-94.
The author includes Matisse's book Jazz in a discussion of
African-American jazz music and its aesthetic on modern
DRAWING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 327

visual artists, including Picasso, Leger, Delauney-Terk,

Picabia, Dubuffet, Davis, and others.

1022. Holland, Nicolle M. "Henri Matisse and The Imitation of

Christ." Print Collector's Newsletter 9,4(1978): 108-109.
Author details Matisse's use of a portion of The Imitation of
Christ, a pious fifteenth-century book of devotion ascribed to
Thomas a Kempis, as the entire eleventh section of of his
handwritten text in Jazz.

1023. "Jazz [book]." Art News 82 (October 1983): 72-77.

A promotional excerpt from the Braziller reproduction of Jazz
published in 1983. Generously illustrated in color, it reprints
the English translation of the text by Sophie Hawks.

1024. "Jazz." Aarstiderne, Tidsskriftfor Kunst 6,4 (1948): 127.

A one-page notice of the book's publication.

1025. Lassaigne, Jacques. "Matisse." Panorama des Arts 1947, 17-

18. Paris: Somogy, 1948.
On the occasion of the Pierre Beres Gallery's exhibition of
Matisse's original cut-paper maquettes for his book, Jazz,
Lassaigne says the works have a hallucinatory force and
recover a "primitive" purity and intensity that is indisputably
authentic.

1026. Leinz, Gottlieb. "Jazz von Henri Matisse." Pantheon 44

(1986): 141-57.
A plate-by-plate discussion of the iconography of the twenty
stencil prints in Matisse's book; draws heavily on earlier
studies.

1027. Olsen, Valerie Loupe. "Jazz." New Orleans Mus. of Arts

Quarterly 9, 1 (January-March 1987): 9.
Discusses "Circus" from Jazz, 1947, a paper cut-out in the
New Orleans Museum of Art.
328 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

1028. Stolzenburg, Andreas. "Henri Matisse: Das Buch Jazz und der
Beginn der Gouaches Decoupees." In Henri Matisse,
Zeichnungen und Gouaches Decoupees. Stuttgart:
Staats galerie Stuttgart, 1993. Exhibition catalogue.
A general treatment from all known sources with complete
text of Jazz with the comments by Lydia Delectorskaya
published earlier in Cowart, et al, Matisse, the Paper Cut-
Outs, 1977. Comprehensive and weil researched.

Nightmare of the White Elephant (Print IV from Jazz)

1029. Urbanelli, Lora S., Deborah J. Johnson, and Lisa Norris.
"Department of Prints, Drawings and Photographs." Rhode
[sland School 0/ Design Museum Notes 75 (October 1988):
36-44.
Abrief discussion ofthe stencil from Jazz on pages 41-2.

Male Nude (Thannhauser Collection)

1030. Geldzahler, Henry, "Two Early Matisse Drawings." Gaz.
beaux-arts 6,60 (November 1962): 497-505.
A elose analysis of the drawing with a connoisseur's
appreciation of quality and technique. The drawing is related to
Matisse's sculpture Serf and to Rodin's Walking Man,
(exhibited-in 1900) all based on Rodin's model Bevilaqua who
was posing for Matisse at the time the drawing (and related
paintings) was produced. Another drawing of the period,
Female Nude (no. 1003) is also discussed.

Moroccan Sketchbook and Drawings

1031. Cowart, Jack. "Matisse's Moroccan Sketchbooks and
Drawings: Self-discovery through Various Motifs." In Matisse
in Morocco, 113-54. Washington, D.C., and New York:
National Gallery of Art and Abrams, 1990. Exhibition
catalogue, no. 70.
An important detailed study of the some sixty documented
drawings and two drawings on canvas that Matisse made while
in Morocco on his two trips. Studies from Delacroix's
sketchbooks of the same sites, photographs of the period,
DRAWING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 329

postcard views sent by Matisse and other visual material are

used as comparative documents. The drawings, analysed in
themselves, often throw light on paintings for which they are
the original sketch. A sensitive and illuminating study.

Motorcar
1032. Crawford, J. "Motorear, a Pen Drawing." Art News 61
(Summer 1962): 6.
A letter to the editor of the magazine by the young Canadian
woman who shared a train compartment in 1934 with Matisse
and his niece and was drawn by Matisse in the ink drawing in
question. A fresh, eyewitness account.

Pasiphae par Henri de Montherlant (book)

1033. Comtesse, Alfred. "Le Troisieme grand livre d'Henri
Matisse." Stultifera Navis 7 (1955): 87-90.
A descriptive account of the commission and designing of the
book by Montherlant.
1034. Diehl, Gaston. "Matisse, i1Iustrateur et maitre d'oeuvre,"
Comoedia 132 (January 22, 1944): 1,6.
Artic1e on Matisse which inc1udes some statements of the
artist on the Pasiphae illustrations.

1035. Henri Matisse: Gravures originales sur le theme de Pasiphai!,

Chant de Minos (Les Crerois). 2 voIs. Paris: Les Heritiers de
L'Artiste, 1981; Eng. ed. as Original Engravings on the
Theme 0/ Pasiphai!. 1981.

All of Matisse's original engravings for the published version

of Montherlant's Pasiphai!. Chant de Minos. published in a
two-volume set of 125 (\00 numbered).

Poemes de Charles d'Orh!ans (Book)

1036. Pernoud. Regine. "Nous manquions d'un portrait de CharIes
d'Orleans ... Henri Matisse vient d'en composer un." Figaro
litteraire (October 4, 1950).
330 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A history and "review" of the recently-published Charles

d'Orleans book ofpoems,

Poesies de Stephane Mallarme (Book)

1037. Breeskin, A. D. "Swans by Matisse." Mag. 0/ Art 28
(October 1935): 622-28.
Describes Matisse's working method of transforming early
realistic sketches from the model into simplifed, abstracted
etchings, using the maquettes for Poesies de Mal/arme
recently acquired by the Baltimore Museum of Art. Included
are photos of Matisse sketching swans in the Jardin des
Plantes in Paris and reproductions of the resultant drawings of
swans.

1038. Eluard, Paul. "Le Miroir de Baudelaire." Minotaure I, I

(February 1933).
Matisse's drawing and etching of Baudelaire (the latter having
appeared in Poesies de Stephane Mallarme) are accompanied by
a commentary ofEluard's.

Portraits of Mary Hutchinson (Private Collection,

London)
1039. Shone, Richard. "Matisse in England and two English
Sitters." Burlington Mag. 135, 1084 (July 1993): 479-484.
Fully documented account of Matisse's commissions for
charcoal portraits of Mary Hutchinson and Maud RusselI,
well-placed patronesses of modern art and members of the Bell
and Fry social set. A fascinating look at Matisse's English
reception between the wars, documents his visits and activities
there, and liberally quotes from letters in private collections
that testify to the impression he made. An important article.

Portraits of Mrs. Gilbert (Maud) Russell (Private

Collection, London)
1040. Shone, Richard. "Matisse in England and two English
Sitters." Burlington Mag. 35, 1084 (July 1993): 479-484.
DRAWING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 331

Fully documented account of Matisse's commissions for

charcoal portraits of Mary Hutchinson and and Maud RusselI,
well-placed patronesses of modern art and members of the Bell
and Fry social set. A fascinating look at Matisse's reception
in England between the wars, documents his visits and
activities there, and liberally quotes from letters in private
collections that testify to the impression he made. An
important artic1e.

Drawings for Romanian Blouse (Bucharest Museum)

1041. Costesco, Eleonora. "Trois dessins de Matisse." Art Rep. Pop.
Roumaine 14 (1957): 67-70.

Seated Nude with Arms Raised

1042. Eckstrom, Kevin. "Matisse: Seated Nude with Arms Raised."
Indiana University Art Museum Bull. 1,2 (1978): 78-83.
Compares the lithograph with other works, an oil and a
bronze, using the same motif.

Standing Nude with Black Fern (Musee National d' Art

Modeme)
1043. Monnier, Genevieve. "Henri Matisse: Nu Debout et fougere
noire." Art Press 14 (May 1987): 84-85.
A connoisseur's short analysis of this large brush drawing in
india ink of 1948 that is c10sely related to two paintings,
Interior with Figure of 1947 and Interior with Black Fern of
1948.

Still Life with Fruit and Flowers (Detroit Institute of

Art)
1044. Newberry, John S., Jr. "Matisse drawing: Still Ufe with
Fruit and Flowers." Detroit Institute Bull. 31, 1 (1951-52):
21-23.
A sensitive extended descriptive analysis ofthe 1947 brush and
ink drawing, recently donated to the museum by Robert H.
Tannahill.

Themes and Variations

332 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

1045. Delectorskaya, Lydia. "Themes et variations, Album

didactique de Henri Matisse." In Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen
und Gouaches Decoupees, 135-136. Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie
Stuttgart, 1993. Exhibition catalogue. In French and German.
Abrief but extremely astute discussion of the Themes et
variations drawings by Matisse's assistant and confidante
during the time of their fabrication. The author emphasizes
Matisse's desire to publish the groups in series be fore their
dispersion because of their being a touchs tone of his method,
which he wanted to share with his viewers.

1046. Flam, Jack. "Les Sujets de Matisse: Themes et variations."

In Matisse aujourd'hui, 97-116. Cahiers Henri Matisse, 5.
Nice: Musee Matisse, 1992, no. 98.
Flam, in this rich meditation on the series, Themes and
Variations, suggests that the subjects of this series are the
Bergsonian ones of time, occurance, memory, and the
relativity of experience. Also discussed is the use of the
arabesque, symbol of belief, duration, and becoming, in
relation to Matisse's process in elaborating his themes. Many
of these ideas, first given as a paper in 1987, are developed in a
1993 catalogue essay in Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen und
Gouaches Decoupees, no. 1047.

1047. Flam, Jack. "Matisse's Themes et variations, a Book and a

Method." In Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen und Gouaches
Decoupees, 121-132. Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, 1993.
Exhibition catalogue. In English and German.
A comprehensive essay on the salient features of the Themes
et variations drawings--thematic recurrance, Bergsonian
relativity of experience in time, metaphoric resemblances, the
flowering of unconscious impulse, the invention of signs, and
the work as a trace of its "formative history." Flam also
considers how these underlying methods inform Matisse's
working process as a whole. An important study.

1048. Girard, Xavier. "Henri Matisse: Themes et variations." In

Henri Matisse, Zeichnungen und Gouaches Decoupees, 215-
DRA WING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 333

16. Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, 1993. Exhibition

catalogue.
An elegant and perceptive meditation on the musical analogy
of Themes et variations in Matisse's series of drawings. The
sensitivity of Matisse is as much to situations as to objects
depicted or even to the rapport between them; it is a situation
that evokes accords.

U1ysses [book)
1049. Kenner, Hugh. "Ulysses de luxe [Matisse's etchings for
Joyce's modern classic)." Art & Antiques (January 1987):
100.
Reprise of the history of the book's commission and
execution. Puts to rest the possibility of securing a book
signed by Matisse alone (due to Joyce's supposed disgust with
the illustrations--a baseless legend).

1050. Moore, Thurston. "The Fortunes of Polyphemus." Register

ofthe Spencer Museum of Art 5,9 (Fall 1981): 36-57.
An artic1e on the themes of the Odyssey particularly the tale
of the blinding of Polyphemus, and its various representations
in the visual arts. Among the latter are Matisse's illustrations
for James Joyce's Ulysses, which are fairly briefly treated.
Rich in literary and artistic references, the artic1e is only
peripherally enlightening on Matisse's specific work.
334 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Decorative Commissions (Architecture, Murals, Theatre, Applied Arts)

Abby Aldrich RockefeIler Memorial Window
(Rosace) (Pocantico HiIIs, New York)
1051. The Abby Aldrich Rocke/eller Memorial Window. New York,
1956.
Publication on the occasion of the dedication of the Memorial
Window in Union Church, Pocantico HiIIs, New York, in
1956. The text gives details of the commission, Mrs.
RockefeIler's long history with the Union Church, site of the
window, citations from relevant correspondencc about the
window, and the artist's fortuitous completion of the window
two days before his death.

1052. Barr, Alfred H. "When Matisse died .... " Yale Literary
Magazine 123 (Fall 1955): 40.
Abrief account of Barr's last dealings with Matisse concerning
the stained glass window for the Abby Aldrich RockefeIler
Memorial Window at Pocantico HiIIs, New York, the designs
for wh ich Matisse had completed two days before his death on
November 3, 1954.

Apollo I Ceramic Mural (Toledo Museum of Art)

1053. "Matisse's Apollo [Toledo Museum of Art]." Ceramics
Monthly 32 (April 1984): 55.
A page-Iong note on the history of the mural's fabrication and
its acquisition by the museum. See also entries under Apollo
/ Paper cut-out in this section, above, no. 783-789.

Arbre en Fleur (Mural-ScroIl)

1054. Soby, James Thrall. "Calder, Henri Matisse, Miro, Matta:
silkscreen mural-scrolls from original designs." Arts &
Architecture 66 (April 1949): 26-28.
A short article on the first four artists to offer designs to be
silk-screened on canvas in editions of two hundred by
Katzenbach and Warren, Inc. Illustrated in black and white, the
DECORAllVE COMMISSIONS 335

designs are characteristic ofthe work ofthe artists. Matisse's

design is of two leaf-fronds flanking a rectangle of a bordered
leafy form. Matisse's scrolls were actually printed in an edition
of only thirty. Soby's article justifies such projects in the
interest of interior design of high quality and accessible price.

Chant de Rossignol (The Chinese Nightingale)

(Ballet Russes decor)
\055. Barsky, Vivianne. "Matisse at the Ballet: Le Chant du
RossignoI." In Matisse at the Ballet: Le Chant du Rossignol.
Jeursalem: The Israel Museum, 1991. Exhibition catalogue. In
English and Hebrew.
Comprehensive essay on Matisse's collaboration with
Diaghilev for the ballet, Le Chant du Rossignol. Gathers all
available scholarship on the work; richly illustrated.

\056. Cogniat, Raymond. "Henri Matisse et le theatre." Le Point

21 (July 1939): 140-42.
Despite Matisse's plastic sense, the richness of his color, and
the power of his arabesques, his theatre decors have
disconcerted the public (in 1919, Rossignol, in 1939, Rouge
et Noir). As someone who works in two dimensions, for a
theatre that is wholly three-dimensional, Matisse's solutions
have been ingenious. In Rossignol, for instance, mediating
the exigencies of the 2nd and 3rd dimensions, he placed the
emperor's bed on an inc\ined plane. Matisse grouped his
dancers in vertical formations, pyramids, etc. In both decors,
Matisse's emphasis on two-dimensionality helped abstract the
dance movement and depersonalized the dancers so that a new
and unexpected effect was produced

\057. Favelin, Corine. "Matisse decorateur de theatre: Essai de

reconstitution d'une conception scenographique." Ecrit- Voir
11 (1988): 51-61.
Describes c\osely the scenic design and costumes for the ballet,
Chant de Rossignol (1919), stressing the similarity of its
principles to those of the later ballet, Rouge et Noir (1939).
Although the former was praised as areturn to "French good
336 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

taste" by contemporary critics, the ballet must be compared to

the previous scenographic treatment of the ballet by Benois
(1914) as weil as the modernist geometries of an aborted
version by Fortunato Depero (c. 1916). Matisse's version falls
more surely within a striking modernist simplification and
abstract disposition of color groupings, than the Ballet Russes
decors of the first phase, though not as radical in its
geometricizations as Picasso's Parade or Depero's version.

1058. Goerg, Charles. "Un Manteau de Matisse pour Le Chant de

Rossignol." Musees de Geneve 264 (April 1986): 6-9.
A note on a gift to the museum, "Coutume d'un pleureur
(1920):" a white feIt robe with appliqued designs in deep blue
velvet. Author includes related documentation and sketches.

1059. McQuillan, Melissa Ann. "Henri Matisse: Le Chant de

RossignoI." In Painters and the Ballet, 1917-1926, 477-92.
Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1979.
Until the Israel Museum catalogue of 1991, this chapter of the
author's study is the most complete treatment of Matisse's
1920 ballet decor and costumes, drawn from relevant reviews,
memoirs, and dance studies.

1060. Schouvaloff, Alexander. "Stravinsky sur scene." Connaissance

arts 365/366 (July-August 1982): 64-71.
In an article as much on various ballets as on Stravinsky
hirnself, one page is devoted to photos and sketches from
Rossignol with a brief informative text.
Reviews of the ballet: Laloy, Louis. "Le Chant du
RossignoI." Comoedia (February 4, 1920); Marnold, Jean.
"Revue de la Quinzaine." Rev. des leUres modernes
(November 1, 1920); Prunieres, Henri. "Les Nouveaux Ballets
Russes." La Rev. critique 160 (March 10, 1920); Bernier,
Jean. "Les Ballets Russes a I'Opera." Comoedia illustre
(February 15, 1920).
General studies in which Matisse's ballet is mentioned:
Brillant, Maurice. "Influence multiforme des Ballets Russes."
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 337

La Rev. musicale (December 1930); Cogniat, Raymond. Les

Decorateurs de tMatre. Paris: La Librairie Theatrale, 1955;
Georges-Michel, Michel. Histoire anecdotique des Ballets
Russes. Paris: Edition du Nouveau Monde, 1923; Masson,
Andre. Le Rebelle du Surrealisme. Paris: Hermann, 1976;
Michaut, Pierre. Le Ballet contemporain. Paris: Pion, 1950;
Moussinac, Leon. La Decoration tMatrale. Paris: F. Rieder,
1922; Baer, Nancy Van Norman. The Art 0/ Enchantment:
Diaghilev' s Ballets Russes. San Francisco: Fine Art
Museums of San Francisco, 1989; Warnod, Andre. "Les
Peintres et les Ballets Russes," La Revue musicale (December
1930).

Chapel of the Rosary (Vence)

Books
1061. Billot, Marcel. La Chapelle de Vence, journal d'une creation.
Paris: Menil Fondation, Archives Courturier, 1993.
This is a carefully annotated and wonderfully rich compilation
of documents from the three-way contact between: Frere
Rayssiguier, the young Dominican who acted as project-
consultant in the development of Matisse's Chapel at Vence;
Pere Couturier, promoter of religious art by gifted
contemporary artists; and Matisse. The documents assembled
are: the journal of Rayssiguier, correspondence between
Rayssiguier and Matisse, extracts of the journal of Pere
Couturier, and the correspondence between Couturier and
Matisse. An invaluable source of information on the
development of Matisse's ideas concerning the chapel. its
decorations and appointments, and of the problems and issues
that surfaced in the construction of the chapel. Matisse's
observations on artists, writers, and art movements are
interspersed throughout and provide a rich source of new
information on his views.

1062. Bourniquel, Camille, and Jean Guichard-Meili. Les Createurs

et le sacre. Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1956.
338 INDNIDUAL WORKS

Subtitled Textes et temoinages de Delacroix a nos jours, the

text includes an unsigned introduction of idealist and
nonspecific claims for areturn to "grandeur and a rediscovery
of the past" in modern art and sets out short quotations that
concern religion or ideas of the sacred by thirty-four French
artists. The Matisse selections (PP'. 173-77) are fairly
predictable ones made in connection with his work on the
Chapel ofthe Rosary at Vence.

1063. Calmels, Norbert. Matisse: La Chapelle du Rosaire des

Dominicaines de Vence et de l'espoire. Mane: Morel Editeur,
1975.
Study of the chapel by a religious who portrays the orgins of
the project as an act of gratitude for the artist' s recovery after
surgery in 1941. Withdrawn from sale.

1064. Couturier, M.-A., M. R. Capillades, L.-B. Rayssiguier, and

A. M. Cocagnac. Les Chapelles du Rosaire a Vence et de
Notre-Dame-du-Haut a Ronchamp, I-56. Paris: Editions du
Cerf, 1955.
The introduction to this book of mainly plates is comprised of
extracts of texts already published in L 'Art Sacre, nos. 11-12,
1951.

1065. Couturier, M.-A. Propos de Matisse: propos notes par le Pere

Couturier. Paris: P A B, September 1956. Edition of 35
copies.
A miniature (c. 2 1/2 x 2 1/2") paper-cover book in which two
statements by Matisse are printed over five pages without
further text. The texts are: "J'ai dit a Picasso: oui, je fais ma
priere, let vous aussi, et vous le savez tres bien: quand tout va
mal, nous nous jetons dans la priere pour retrouver le c1imatl
de nötre premiere communion. Et vous le faites, vous aussi.
11 n'a pas dit non." Mars 1949 I "On est conduit. On ne
conduit pas. Je ne suis qu'en serviteur." "La mort n'est pas la
fin de tout, c'est une porte qui s'ouvre." Mars 1952.
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 339

1066. Couturier, M.-A. Se Garder Libre [Journal 1947-1954].

Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1962.
Posthumously published journals of the Dominican artist-
monk who worked· intensively with Matisse during the
planning and construction of the chapel. The journal reveals
Couturier's c10se contact with, besides Matisse, Braque,
Chagall, Derain, Rouault, Leger, Gide, the Duthuits, and
many odlers during this period. Very valuable commentary
on Matisse's process and direct quotes from Matisse on the
project.

1067. Couturier, M.-A. Art Sacre. Nice: Menil Fondation, 1983.

With a contribution from Dominique de Menil. Trans. by
Granger Ryan as Sacred Art. With a contribution by Pie
Duploye. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
The collected and edited writings of Marie-Alain Couturier
which inc1udes previously published works on Matisse's
Vence Chapel of the Rosary as "'eH as on Leger' s windows at
Audincourt and Le Corbusier' s church at Ronchamp.

1068. David, Christoph W., ed., with Raymond Escholier. Moderne

Kirchen: Matisse, Vence; Fernand Leger, Audincourt; Le
Corbusier, Ronchamp. Series: Horizont. Zürich: Die Arche,
1957, 1962.
An anthology of texts and statements by artists and others
connected with the design and building of these three churches,
including Pere Couturier, Matisse, Leger, Bazaine, Le
Corbusier. Brief bibliography and some plates.

1069. Finsen, Hanne, and Mikael Wivel. Matisse. Kapellet i Vence

IMatisse: Chapelle du Rosaire des Dominicaines de Vence.
Copenhagen: Ordrupgaard Museum, 1993. Exhibition
catalogue.
Richly illustrated catalogue of sketches, maquettes, letters, and
sketchbooks by Matisse as studies for the chapel and its
decoration. Finsen' s 1951 essay [Aarstideme 9, 2 (December
1951), no. 1093] is reprinted within her larger catalog essay,
340 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

whieh serupulously narrates the initiation and flowering of the

projeet for the ehapel based on primary doeumentation. Over
one hundred items, many from the Musee Matisse but others
from private eolleetions and other museums are reprodueed and
documented.
Review: Fonsmark, Anne B. "Matisse in Denmark, The
Chapel at Venee," Apollo 138 (Oetober 1993): 258.

\070. Girard. Xavier. Matisse. La Chapelle du Rosaire. J948- J95 J.

Cahiers Henri Matisse, 8. Paris: Reunion des Musees
Nationaux, 1992.
Handsomely designed book produeed by the Musee Matisse,
whieh holds the largest eolleetion of materials related to the
Chapel of the Rosary. An extensive eatalogue essay by the
direetor, Xavier Girard, is immensely informative about the
eonstruetion and history of the ehapel, the artist's artistie
proeess and his final aehievement, and the politieal and eritieal
eontroversies that have swirled about the meaning and value of
the work. Mueh eollateral historical material is brought to
be ar on the making of the ehapel, further enriehing this
metieulous and sensitive study. An indispensable resouree.

1071. Jaeques-Marie, Soeur [Monique Bourgeois]. Henri Matisse. La

Chapelle de Vence. Paris: Gregoire Gardette, 1993.
A reminiseenee about the friendship between Matisse and
Monique Bourgeois. who served as his nurse. model, and
studio assistant before entering the Dominiean order and
beeoming Soeur Jaeques-Marie. Stationed at Venee. she was
responsible for involving the artist initially in the projeeted
Dominiean ehapel. An affeetionate and informative aeeount of
a rather remarkable relationship and its remarkable
eonsequenee.

\072. Jedlieka. Gotthard. Die Henri Matisse Kapelle in Vence:

Rosenkranzkapelle der Dominikanerinnen. Frankfurt am
Main: Suhrkamp, 1955.
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 341

A workmanlike overview of the comrnissioning of the Chapel

of the Rosary at Vence and an analytic description of the
building, its windows, wall rnurals and furnishings, based on
previously published documentation, e.g., of Couturier,
Rayssiguier, Barr and Matisse himself. Of greatest interest and
value is a long interview with Matisse from March 19, 1952,
in which he speaks freely of his chapel, clears up
misconceptions, discusses his cut-paper work, and reflects on
the life he has lived after his c10se encounter with death more
than a decade past. (This important interview was translated
into French in "Autres Propos de Henri Matisse," Macula I
(1976), no. 30.) The black and white photographs of the
chapel are well chosen and c1early present all aspects of the
chapel proper but not the altar furnishings nor the vestments.

1073. Matisse, Henri. "La Chapelle du Rosaire." In Chapelle du

Rosaire des Dominicaines de Vence. Vence: La Chapelle du
Rosaire, 1951; printed by Mourlet Freres; other eds. 1955,
1956, 1958, 1963.
Short text by Matisse on the chapel as the culmination of his
life-Iong artistic effort, preceding excellent halftone
reproductions of the chapel, its decoration, its vestments;
drawings and studies for the Madonna, St. Dorninic, Stations
and crucifix. Lithographed cover with blue cut-leaf form
against a yellow ground. Flarn, no. 28, and Fourcade, no. 29.

1074. Matisse, Henri. "Chapelle du Rosaire des Dominicaines de

Vence par Henri Matisse." France Illustration 320 (December
I, 1951): 561-70. Reprinted as "La Chapelle de Vence,
aboutissement d'une vie." XXe Siede, Hommage a. Henri
Matisse, 71-73. Paris: Cahiers d' Art, 1970. Flam, no. 28,
197-98; Fourcade, no. 29, 259-60.
A detailed statement of the artist's intention in adjusting the
colors of the stained glass windows in relation to the murals
on tile, which together orchestrate the spiritual expression of
the whole decor.

1075. Percheron, Rene. Vence et la Chapelle du Rosaire, 33-47.

Paris: Dessain et Tolra, 1974.
342 INDlVIDUAL WORKS

A general treatment of the chapel and its decor; illustrated.

Articles
1076. Barker, Michael. "Stained Glass in France in the 1950's."
Journal ofthe Decorative Arts Society 1850 to the Present 15
(1991): 5-13.
A well-ilIustrated general survey of the production and use of
stained glass as an art form in France includes Matisse's
windows from the Chapel of the Rosary in Vence.

1077. Barry, Joseph A. "The Chapel of Henri Matisse." In Left

Bank, Right Bank, Paris and Parisiens, 129-136. New York:
W. W. Norton, 1951.
Author recounts a visit to Matisse 'at Vence while he was
working on the Chapel; anecdotal but with close observations
ofthe work-in-progress.

1078. Bernier, Rosamond. "Matisse Designs a New Church."

Vogue 112 (February 15, 1949): 131-32.
An extensive and vivid description of the projected chapel
be fore its building by an author who had access to the artist
and his sketches and maquettes. Two full-page color
photographs of Matisse at work on the chapel in his bedroom
at Vence accompany the article.

1079. Bertin, Celia. "A Vence Henri Matisse decore une chapelle."
Arts Plastiques 5-6 (1959): 209-214.
Eyewitness account of Matisse's activity in designing the
chapel at Vence by a writer and magazine editor who lived in
Vence.

1080. BilIot, Marcel. "Le Pere Couturier et l' Art Sacre." In Paris-
Paris 1937-1957, 197-200. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou,
1981. Exhibition catalogue.
General treatment of the role of the Dominican priest, Marie-
Alain Couturier, in the invitation to modern artists to
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 343

participate in the renewal of liturgical art that began before

World War 11 and saw actual production at Assy, Vence, and
Audincourt in 1950-51. Matisse' sChapel is placed in this
historical context; the call for a renewal of religious art had its
beginnings in the work of Maurice Denis at the beginning of
the century.

1081. Bordley, R. "Matisse's chapel at Vence." Art Digest 25

(September 15, 1951): 9+.
A general two-page description of the chapel interspersed with
quotations from Courturier and Matisse; iIIustrated with black
and white photographs.

1082. Buchanan, Donald W. "Interview in Montparnasse." Canadian

Art 8, 2 (Christmas 1950-51): 61-65.
Having seen the chapel recently, Buchanan examines work for
the chapel in the artist's apartment on the Blvd. Montparnasse
and discusses with Matisse particularly the roof-spire base
wh ich the laUer intends to enlarge.

1083. "Capella di Matisse." Emporium 111 (April 1950): 182-83.

A note describing the chapel, particularly the effect of the
colored windows against the black-and-white ceramic murals.
A full-page reproduction of a preliminary sketch for the
Madonna and Child mural is appended.

1084. "Chapel at Vence." Liturgical Arts 20 (February 1952): 43,

53.
An editorial on the initiatives in modern church construction; a
page of photographs and a plan of the chapel put out by the
Museum of Modern Art.

1085. "La Chapelle de Vence." L'lllustration (Christmas, 1951).

Extensive photographic picture-story of the inauguration of the
chapel.
344 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

1086. "Chapelle du Rosaire des Dominicains de Vence par Henri

Matisse." France illustration 7 (Noel 1951): 565-72; includes
Matisse's statement, "La Chapelle de Vence, aboutissement
d'une vie;" reprinted as XXe Siecle, special no. (1970): 70-73.

1087. Couturier, M.-A. "La Chapelle de Matisse." France

illustration 5 (December 24, 1949): 704-08.
Five pages of photographs of the artist working in this studio
on the Virgin and Child with a long charcoal-tipped stick,
reading a sacred text, etc. along with studio shots of the
maquette of the chapel and in-progress sketches. The page of
text reiterates the origin of the commission, a glowing
description of the effects of the windows on the white walls,
and praise of Matisse's increasing purity of design and
purpose, as the chapel is the "fulfillment of his life's artistic
search."

1088. Couturier, M.-A. "Church Full of Joy." Vogue 118

(December 1951): 128-32.
Illustrated picture-story on the chapel.

1089. Couturier, M.-A. "L'Eglise d' Assy et la Chapelle de Vence."

L 'Art Sacre 5-6 (May-June 1948): 109-110.
A progress report on the two churches along with an
enthusiastic description of works in progress. The author
gives the circumstances of the two church's initiations in order
to dispel errors that are circulating about their histories.

1090. Couturier, M.-A. "Religious Art and the Modern Artist."

Mag. 0/ Art 44, 7 (November 1951): 268-72.
Author offers his rationale for auempting to revivify Christian
art by commissioning religious art from the greatest living
artists, whether or not they are practicing or believing
Christians. Father Couturier was consultant for the programs
of churches at Assy, Agincourt, and the Dominican Chapel of
the Rosary at Vence. An important apologia or the post-war
phenomenon in church building commissions.
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 345

1091. Delectorskaya, Lydia. "La Veritable histoire de la Chapelle de

Vence." In Henri Matisse: roman, 183-227. Vol. 2. Paris,
1971, no. 49.
Matisse's secretary and companion, eyewitness to the events
she recounts, sets the record straight on the artist's relationship
to his nurse and sometime model, Monique Bourgeois (Soeur
Jacques-Marie), and on just how the commission to design the
chapel came about. A frank, generous, and apparently accurate
account of this special friendship and its outcome.

1092. Douaire, Richard J. with response by M.-A. Couturier.

"Pilgrimage to Assy--an Appraisal." Liturgical Arts 19,2
(February 1951): 28-31.
An on-site description and evaluation of the chapel at Assy and
a defense of Couturier's intentions in commissioning work
from great, if not necessarily believing, artists. He agrees that
the "immanent habit of art" in these men would manifest itself
in sincerely religious work. Matisse's image of St. Dominic
on a side altar is praised: "its boldness of expression is
restrained by its happy poverty of means." Couturier's
response, solicited and augmented by the editors, merely
assures the reader that the works have the approval of the Holy
See and are in full concordance with episcopal authority as to
liturgical laws.

1093. Finsen, Hanne. "Kapellet i Vence." Aarstiderne, Tidsskriftfor

Kunst 9, 2 (1951): 58-64. Reprinted in Finsen and Wivel.
Matisse. Kapellet i Vence. Copenhagen, 1993, no. 1069.
An account of a Danish student's visit to Matisse and to his
chapel just be fore its dediction; an unusually well-observed and
well-wriuen eyewitness description, with some interesting
observations by Matisse.

1094. Girard, Xavier. "The Chapel of the Rosary at Vence." In Henri

Matisse, 136-143. Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery and Art
Exhibitions Australia, 1995. Exhibition catalogue.
346 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A full, if succinct, introduction to the chapel by an author who

has written on it more extensively, no. 1070. In this essay
Girard emphasizes the metaphor of flower, sunlit glade, and
atmospheric space for song that the Chapel provides for those
within it, similes that Matisse himself acknowledged.
1095. Hammart!n, Carl-Erik. "Kapellet i Vence." Paletten 2 (1956):
42.
Brief description of the chapel, its design, and the history of its
commission.

1096. Harbison, Robert. "Modern Art and the Riviera." C Magazine

(Canada) 20 (December 1988): 62-5.
A general tour of the Riviera with its museums and churches
(including Matisse's chapel at Vence) and the Fondation
Maeght. Author reminisces about the area before its
popularity as a tourist attraction.

1097. Hasegawa, Saburo. "Matisse through Japanese Eyes." Art

News 53 (April 1954): 27-29+.
A severe critique by a contemporary Japanese artist of
Matisse's late work, especially the line drawings for the
Chapel at Vence, as work of declining quality, of too great
leisure and failure of tension, of the disengagment of aspace
that (since 1920) is too "camera-eye" and not sufficiently
spatially and emotionally involving. An important and rare
criticism.

1098. "Henri Matisse, a Small Chapel in France and a Monumental

Art Exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art." Life 31
(November 26, 1951): 108-16.
A thumb-nail (one-page) biography of the artist accompanies
full-color illustrations of Matisse in his chapel and
reproductions of notable paintings and prints, on the occasion
ofthe 1951 Matisse Retrospective at MoMA in New York and
the near-completion of the chapel at Vence.
DRAWING, GRAPHICS, BOOKS 347

1099. "Henri Matisse, La Cappella dei Rosario delle Domenicane di

Vence." La Biennale di Venezia 26 (December 1955): 39-40.
Photographs of the chapel with some of Matisse's statements
about it.

1100. Hoctin, Luce. "The Renaissance of Church Art in France."

Graphis 13 (May 1957): 224-29. Text in English, German,
and French.
A longer article on the revival of religious art through the
work of France's finest artists in the post-WorId War 11
building and rebuilding of some 4000 churches. Matisse's
chapel at Vence is dealt with briefly and given high praise;
illustrations of it incIude inside and exterior views, a c1ose-up
of the sacristy crucifix, four views of vestments, the holy
water font, and the altar's tabernacle and ciborium.

1101. Holm, Arne E. "Matisse's KapeIl i Vence." Kunsten idag

(Norway) 20, 14 (1951): 32-48, 58-61.
Author describes the setting of Vence, teils the story of how
the chapel came about, and provides a good overall description
of the design, materials, and experiential effects of the chapel
on the viewer. Concludes with reflections on Matisse's own
religious beliefs.

1102. Italiaander, Rolf. "Henri Matisse baut eine Kirche." Kunstwerk

5, 1 (1951): 52-53.
Author teIls of his visit (accidentally as he was seeking out
Chagall at the time) to Matisse's chapel, which he found
beautiful, but which did not inspire "spiritual," to say nothing
of reiigious, thoughts or feelings. In a later visit to Matisse,
surrounded by his sketches and maquettes for the chapel,
Italiaander says the artist spoke of wanting to work in other,
more enduring, materials such as sculpture, ceramics, and
architecture, if that were possible.

1103. Justema, William. "Activities of Matisse at Vence."

Liturgical Arts 20 (May 1952): 100.
348 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A letter to the magazine' s editor from a Benedictine monk and

sometime writer on religious art that is critical of the chapel
on both esthetic and religious grounds. The designs are weak;
the content without depth, despite Matisse's sincere efforts.
These judgments are made from photographs.

1\04. Lacaze, Andre, and Walter Carone. "Matisse Sacrifie 800

Millions pour Soeur Jacques dominicaine." Paris-Match 59
(May 6, 1950): 15-17.
A weIl-iIIustrated piece of journalistic sensationalism which
seeks to imply a concealed romantic attachment of Matisse to
his former nurse and model.

1\05. Lane, John W. "Matisse: Painter into Architect, His Venture

at Vence." Liturgical Arts 20 (February 1952): 61-62.
Lane appreciates the chapel for the "delicate and deep
originality of the design and decoration." The only reservation
the author has is the success of the Stations of the Cross but
excuses the unevenness of so ambitious a projecL

1\06. Langdon, Gabrielle. "A Spiritual Space: Matisse's Chapel of

the Dominicans at Vence." Zeitschrift/ur Kunstgeschichte 51,
4 (1988): 542-73
This article discusses the liturgical rites for which the chapel
was the setting and the specifically religious ends to which
Matisse had to submit his decorative scheme. The religious
iconography of the chapel, its images, and its furniture are
fully explored within the Dominican traditions of the order
which commissioned it. Matisse's relations with Couturier
and Rayssiguier are treated as weIl as those with Soeur
Jacques-Marie in this important and weIl-researched essay.

1\07. Lemaltre, Henri. "A Masterpiece ofModern Art: Religious Art

by Henri Matisse." Blackfriars 31 (1950): 35-39.
A visit to Matisse by the author reveals the artist preoccupied
with nothing but his design for the chapel in wh ich his
vocation as an artist will be fulfilled. A straightforward and
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 349

sensitive description of the project folIows. Lemaitre stresses

the purity of the work, its richness, its note of joyousness and
hope, as fitting for a house of prayer but does not impute the
truly "religious" attitudes to Matisse. Matisse, he notes,
struggles with an esthetic problem: how to "give utterance
harmoniously and simuItaneously ... to line and color."

1108. "Masterpiece Completed: Mural for Chapel in Provence." Art

Digest 25 (August 1951): 13.
Notes the dedication of the completed Chapel of the Rosary,
while Matisse lay "on a sickbed," too incapacitated, it is
implied, to attend the ceremony. Erroneously notes the chapel
having been done for "Franciscan" (sic) nuns.

1109. "Matisse Chapel." Interiors l1I (January 1952): 10.

On the occasion of the Matisse Retrospective at the Museum
of Modern Art in 1951, the author of this short review
concentrates on the ensemble of designs and maquettes of the
Chapel at Vence and its furnishings, that is, the crucifix,
vestments,and confessional door, which he finds remarkable
and moving.

1110. "Matisse Chapel." Architectural Forum 96, 5 (May 1952):

148-53.
A short, admiring description of the chapel accompanies ten
stunning photographic reproductions (three in color) of the
interior and exterior of the chapel, the altar, confessional door.
the floor plan and of the artist himself, working on an earlier
version of the rondel of the Virgin and Child from his
whee\chair.

1111. "Matisse Chapel Designs at Modern." Art Digest 26 (January

I, 1952): 24.
A paragraph-Iong notice of the delayed opening of that part of
the Matisse Restrospective at the Museum of Modern Art that
inc1uded photographs of the chapel as weil as "designs for
stained glass window and wall murals."
350 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

1112. "Matisse et ses derniers jours, ses derniers oeuvres." Paris-

Match 294 (November 13-20, 1954): 30-35.
Photo essay on Matisse in the chapel, at the first celebration
of Mass, with Henriette Darricarrereand her adult daughter,
Claude Plent; Henriette in her mature years looking very much
like the third sculptured head of her, Henriette Ill.

1113. "Die Matisse-Kapelle in Vence." Werk 40 (June 1953): 200-

04.
A short description of the chapel, with more attention than
usual to the liturgical functions that the chapel construction
facilitates, is iIIustrated with three pages of fine quality black
and white photographs of the chapel in use and under differing
light conditions, also of charcoal sketches for the Stations of
the Cross, and some altar furnishings.

1114. Monnier, Gerard. "Picasso et Matisse, celebration et solitude."

In L'Art en Europe, l'annees decisives, 1945-1953, 248-251.
Geneva: Skira and Association des Amis du Musee de Saint-
Etienne, 1987.
The author notes that Matisse's last work. dedicated to "decor"
and to an art of "utility," was drawn into the discourse on
sacred art and architecture of the late 1940s, but that the full
scope of Matisse's cut-paper work and late paintings and the
ramifications of the scale of his last ambitious mural work
were not fully realized until after the artist's death, in the late
1950s. A perceptive, if brief, discussion of the significant
strategies employed in the chapel at Vence.

1115. Murcia, M. H. "Homage to Henry Matisse." Marg 8,3 (June

1955): 91-94.
The author compares Matisse's aims, realized in the Chapel of
the Rosary, with the purity, economy of means, and
intellectual austerity of Mallarme's poetry. Matisse's works
are judged to be more universally human, more direct, than the
symbolist poet' s.
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 351

1116. "Un Nouveau projet d'Henri Matisse: La Chapelle de Vence."

Les Amis de l'art 1 (1948).
An early notice on the project then just underway.

I 1 17. "Painter Turns Architect: Designs Chapel for an Orphanage at

Vence." Architectural Forum 90 (April 1949): 210.
A photo of Matisse with the maquette for his chapel and other
in-process photos accompany a short description of the project,
then still at an early stage.

1118. Parnotte, Henri. "A Vence: l'achevement de la chapelle de

Matisse." France illustration 7 (June 30, 1951): 691-4.
Four pages of photos of the nearly-completed chapel with
construction rubble still visible and workmen putting on the
finishing touches. Abrief informational note and picture
captions are the only texts; a large-type open er states that "a
team animated by the faith of the cathedral builders works for
the completion of the chapel of Matisse."

1 119. Perl, Jed. "The Chapel of the Rosary, Vence, France." N ew

Criterion 5 (September 1986): 52-53.
Perl begins his essay on art in the South of France with a visit
to Matisse's Chapel of the Rosary at Vence and ends with an
appreciation of Large Decoration with Masks and his cut-
paper works. The themes touched on are the role of decoration
in the late work of both Picasso and Matisse, the way the
Mediterranean coast affected their later work, and the quality of
that late work, especially that of their advanced years. Full of
marvelous observations and critical judgments.

1120. Pernoud, Regine. "The Chapei ofthe Rosary." San Francisco

Museum Quarterly 1-2 (1952): 13-20.
An article of considerable interest and accuracy of detail by
Mme Pernoud, then curator of the Musee de I'Histoire de
France of the National Archives who had been teaching at the
University of Aix-en-Provence when the chapel was being
built and was privy to Matisse's developing ideas. She was
352 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

asked by the artist to write the first article on the chapel

released to the press.

1121. Pleynet, Marcelin. "Henri Matisse: La Chapelle du Rosaire a

Vence." Art Press 102 (April 1986): 80-81.
A rather brief essay by Pleynet in which he teils the story of
the chapel's making, stresses the artist's religious engagement,
especially in the making of the Stations of the Cross, and
claims that the chapel is an example of an "art of creation by
light (luminism) and an art of displacement and movement of
forms (cinetisme)."

1122. Prendeville, Brendan. "Theatre, Manet, and Matisse, the

Nietzschean Sense of Time in Art." Artscribe 14 (October
1978): 26-33.
Using the mural ApolIon and the Chapel at Vence as
examples of the Apollonian and Dionysian poles of Matisse's
art, the author relates these works to Manet's theatricality and
Nietzsche's notions of time, achieved--for the visual artist--
through dramatic space.

1123. Proulx, Alfred C. "The Matisse Chapel." Yale Literary

Magazine 123 (Fall, 1955): 37, with illustrations.
Abrief appreciation of the chapel as the "complete single
expression" of Matisse's entire life's work, a rare opportunity
even for major artists.

1124. Saint-Bris, Gonzague. "Matisse dans l'hiver de Dieu."

Decoration internationale 77 (December 1984-January 1985):
110-17.
The author insists on the totally religious nature of the chapel
and on the religious motivation of the artist in building it.
Although he often quotes Matisse's own statements, he
interprets them in ways that would seem to distort their patent
meaning if one takes into account the testimony of others
close to Matisse at the time. A tendentious article that
presents a pious Matisse, fervently seeking God. The title
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 353

derives from Matisse's simple observation that the chapel

looks its best in winter light.

1125. SalIes, Georges. "Visit to Matisse." Art News Annual 21

(1951): 34-39,79-81.
WelI-iIIustrated article on a visit to Matisse and the chapel,
with remarks centered on artistic development leading to the
chapel.

1126. Seguin, Jean-Pierre. "Matisse a Vence." Arts Mag. (April 12,

1949): 46.
A note on the commencement of the chapel and early progress
report.

1127. Slivka, Rose. "Matisse Chasubles Designed for the Vence

Chapel." Craft Horizon (January 1956): 22-25.
A detailed account of the making of the chasubles: of some
twenty designs, five were executed for the chapel, five for the
Museum of Modern Art. How the Museum procured the
second set is also narrated in detail. The chasubles are all
described and illustrated.

1128. Thibaud, Paul. "Un Christianisme litteraire, dans les murs et

hors les murs." L'Esprit 113-14,4-5 (April-May 1986): 219-
33.
In a far-ranging exploration of the possibility of faith, of
Christianity, in the modern world, the author discusses
Charles Peguy and Georges Bernanos as examples of writers
who have replaced priests as ministers of the faith. Matissse
is treated briefly as an agnostic, paradigmatic of those for
whom the symbols and teaching of Christianity can still be
bearers of a kind of human and Christian experience. Citing
Schneider on the pagan religious exaltation that Matisse
experienced in artmaking, the author points to the participation
of the viewer in that transporting experience in the artist' s late
works. By means of Christian symbols in the chapel, Matisse
used the traditional signs of faith to refer to both suffering and
354 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

happiness. A thoughtful reflection on the modern artist and

his capacity for belief.

1129. Vaa, Thora. "Matisses KapeIl i Vence." Kunst og Kultur 41

(1958): 17-24.
An article, weIl illustrated with black and white photos, which
gives an overview of the chapel, its physical setting, its
windows and wall murals. In Norwegian.

1130. "Vence Chapel: illustrations." London News 219 (July 7,

1951): 28.
Page of photographs of the completed chapel.

1131. "Vestments Designed by Matisse for the Vence Chapel:

Illustrations." Arts & Architecture 73 (May 1956): 35.
A page of photos in black and white of the five vestments
owned by the Museum of Modern that are replicas of those
designed by Matisse and used in the Chapel of the Rosary at
Vence. The maquette for the red chasuble is also pictured;
there is a short text with minimal necessary information.

1132. "Vestments for Vence." Time 59 (April 7, 1952): 75.

A short description of the vestment project undertaken by the
artist for his chapel.

1133. Vignorelli, Valerio, O.P. "La Lezione di Vence." Arte

Cristiana (1954): 33-38.
A vigorous defense of the chapel against detractors within the
church who were critical of the chapel on religious, rather than
esthetic, grounds.

1134. "What I Want To Say: Work on the Dominican Chapel at

Vence." Time 54 (October 24, 1949): 70.
A short, two-column note on Matisse's chapel, but the
reviewer secures a few fresh quotes from the artist, who
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 355

expresses sincerity and satisfaction with the results of his

immense effort.

1135. Welch, M. L. "Matisse and His Masterpiece." American

Society Legion 0/ Honor Magazine 28 (1957): 29-42.
An extended article on Matisse which gives a careful
description of the Chapel and the story of its commission and
completion. The author stresses the spiritual, even religious,
motivation of the artist and gives his whole narration a rather
edifying cast. Following this section, Welch offers a
straightforward summary of Matisse's career, accurately told.
Concluding remarks again inspirationally stress Matisse's
offering to God the "fruit of his talents" in his "masterpiece,"
the chapel at Vence.

1136. Wind, Edgar. "Traditional Religion and Modern Art." Art

News 52 (May 1953): 18-22,60-63.
Lecture given (April 1953) on the occasion of a Georges
Rouault Exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. Wind
concludes that RouauIt, the intolerant, obsessed Catholic, and
Matisse, the tolerant, disengaged pagan, both produced
religious art that is "unsacramental," that is, not theologically
compelling but moving for personal piety. An important
reflection on contemporary religious expression.
356 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Dance (Barnes Foundation Mural)

Dance (Musee d' Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris)
Unfinished Dance (Pierre Matisse Estate, Musee d' Art
Moderne de la Ville de Paris)

1137. Autourd'un chef-d'oeuvre de Matisse: Les Trois versions de La

Danse Barnes (1930-1930). Paris: Musee de I' Art Moderne de
la Ville de Paris, 1993. Exhibition Catalogue.
Handsome exhibition catalogue of the three versions of the
Barnes Foundation mural, incIuding that removed for the
traveling show from the Barnes Foundation itself. Excellent
illustrations of studies and sketches for the three versions with
pull-out reproductions. An introduction by Suzanne Page
precedes the essay by lack Flam which also appeared in the
National Gallery of Art (Washington) catalogue, no. 1143.
Pierre Schneider contributes "Vivants piliers" an essay which
reprises something of what he has already laid out in the
revised version of his monograph Matisse (1993) and his
introduction to the Matisse et [,ftalie catalogue. Xavier
Girard's essay "La Danse, la peinture aI'oeuvre," and Laurence
Louppe's "Matisse et la danse du futur," complete the
substantive essays in the catalogue. A conservation report on
the most recently discovered first version by Dominique
Gagneux and a short account of its finding on April 1992, by
the artist's granddaughter, lackie Monnier, completes the rich
collection of texts in this catalogue.

1138. Bois, Yve-Alain. "The Shift." In Henri Matisse. Eds., Roger

Benjamin and Caroline Turner. Brisbane: Queensland Art
Gallery and Art Exhibitions Australia, 1995.
A cIose reading of Matisse's three versions of the Barnes
Dance mural, in a framework of theories about the relationship
of line to color and the pictorial problem of an architectural
context.

1139. "Matisse's 40-foot Mural." Art Digest 6 (February 15, 1932):

8.
A note on the projected mural.
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 357

1140. Danto, Ginger. "The Missing Matisse." Art News

(September 1992): 37.
A column on the recently rediscovered first version of
Matisse's mural for the Barnes Foundation project, Dance.
Good historical account of the circumstances surrounding the
discovery.

1141. Dudley, Dorothy, "Notes on Art: The Matisse Fresco in

Merion." Hound and Horn 7,2 (lanuary-March, 1934): 298-
303. Flam, no. 28, 107-12; Fourcade, no, 29, 39-43.
A first-hand account of great importance of the author's visit
to the studio where Matisse was completing his mural and of
her interview with hirn upon his return to France after
installing it in Merion. Rich in extended quotations by
Matisse about his intentions and processes with respect to the
mural, the artic\e also contains material on the artist's
reactions to the United States, its painters, its cuIture.

1142. Flam, lack. "The Dance (Merion Dance Mural) (La Danse). "
In Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation, 274-
291. New York: Knopf and Lincoln University, 1993, no.
1278
A superb visual recapitulation of all the versions of the Dance
Mural inc\uding the recently discovered (1992) earliest version.
Along with the first color reproduction of the Barnes
Foundation mural are included in-progress photographs,
sketches, and gouache studies from the Barnes archives. The
catalogue entry details the history of the commission,
correcting previously held versions. Indispensable artic\e on
this work.

1143. Flam, lack. Matisse, The Dance. Washington, D. C.: The

National Gallery of Art, 1993.
This slender book, published on the occasion of the opening of
the exhibition Great French Paintings from the Barnes
Foundation at the National Gallery, is the single most
important work on the commission which produced three
358 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

works: the unfinished first version of the Barnes Commission

(discovered in 1992); the Paris version (Musee d' Art Moderne
de la Ville de Paris), begun as the second version but which, in
actuality, was completed last; and the instaHed Barnes
Foundation Mural that has recently been removed and included
in the Barnes Foundation traveling exhibition. Using the fuH
resources of the Barnes Foundation archives and photos, as
weIl as the sketches and studies from the Musee Matisse in
Nice, Flam has elaborated and enlarged his essay on the
complete story of the three versions that appeared in the Barnes
Exhibition's text (no. 1142). Flam's usual impeccable
scholarship, fresh and readable prose, and discerning eye are all
at work in this definitive and handsomely designed text. Text
in French in Autour d'un chef-d'oeuvre de Matisse, Les Trois
versions de la Danse Barnes (1930-1933), 1993, no. 1137.
Review: Bois, Yve-Alain. "Clearing Up the Mysteries," Art
News 93 (January 1994): 107.

1144. GiIlet, Louis. "La Danse d'Henri Matisse a Pittsburg (sie)."

Beaux-Arts (May 26, 1933): I, 6.
Admitting to having seen the work only in photograph (which
is reproduced in black and white), Gillet offers a brilliant
analysis of the composition, discusses the color from a
description by Simon Bussy, relates it to earlier work (Bathers
with a Turtle, Bathers by a River). treats the theme as both
"demoniac" and geometrically related to the architecture, and
generally offers high praise to the work in a prominent and
perceptive review.
Response by Despujols, Dupas, and Pougheon, "Une
Reponse? Un Manifeste?" Followed by a "Letter" from P.
Ettinger, Beaux-Arts (June 16, 1933): 2.
The three successful Art Deco mural painters deplore the
review of such an unrealized work in Gillet's extravagant
critical language which must supply what the work itself is
missmg. These men find the "impotence, the fear of
completely realized works, a kind of artistic defeatism that is
only one of numerous moral defeatisms. From which arises
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 359

the repudiation of knowledge, fear of the craftsmanship,

indifference to execution, stagnation in the merest indication
of possiblities--open door to Iiterary ramblings in which art
historians and critics have inundated us for twenty years." They
issue a plea for the recognition of the permanence of nature's
elements and of the artistic language with which to express it.
The note from Ettinger, the journal's Moscow correspondent,
calls to Gillet' sattention the panel Dance (l910)--then on
exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art in Moscow--as a
precursor of the Barnes mural. Gillet was apparently unaware
of this work.

1145. Girard, Xavier. Matisse. La Dance. Nice and Cannes: Musee

Matisse and La Malmaison, 1993. Cahiers Henri Matisse, 10.
Girard's extended catalogue essay is more broadly on the theme
of "Dance" in Matisse's work, beginning with Luxe. CaLme et
VoLupte of 1904 and culminating in his late cut-outs--dance as
"a dream of respite and magnified intensity." Overall, the
author brings out Matisse's musical and theatrical interests,
his association of dancers with primitive and pastoral
landscapes, and the artist's own decors and costumes for
Diaghilev's ballet productions of 1920 and 1939. The essay is
illustrated with the dance-related works from the Musee
Matisse in Nice that were exhibited in Nice and Cannes 1993;
these are particularly rich in studies for the Barnes Foundation
Mural.

Ivy in Flower Stained Glass (Musee du XXe Siecle de

Vienne)
1146. Bony, Paul. "Le Vitrail de Matisse pour le Musee du XXe
SiecIe de Vienne." Cahiers de La Ceramique. du Verre et des
Arts du Feu 26 (1962): 145-60.
A fairly technical reminiscence by the ceramicistlglass artist
who worked with Matisse on his major stained glass
commissions, incIuding that of the Chapel of the Rosary in
Vence. Matisse's perfectionism is recalled as weil as his
insistence that the material, the quality of the glass, be not too
rich in itself, that it serve only as a conveyer of colored light.
360 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

A weIl-iIlustrated article with one stunning hand-tipped colored

plate of a detail of the window, Le Lierre, wh ich was never
incidentally installed for the mausoleum of Albert Lasker as
originally intended.

Leda and the Swan (Door Panel)

1147. Barr, Alfred H. "Vence." In Matisse, His Art and His Public,
269-70, 493. New York, 1951.

A short account of the commission by Barr. More valuable

are the two illustrations of earlier (1944 and 1945) versions:
one, a preliminary sketch, the other, astate of the doors which
Matisse had at one time considered the definitive version.

1148. Matisse, Henri. "Letter" on Leda and the Swan doors to the
patron who commissioned them. Derriere le miroir (1958):
14-16, 18.
The artist expresses his satisfaction to Mme Enchorrina, the
wife of the Argentine diplomat who commissioned the doors,
with the way the doors have turned out, justifying their delay
in delivery.

1149. Aragon, Louis. Apologie du luxe. Geneva: Albert Skira,

1946, no. 48.
This essay includes a lyric and amusing section on this work
which was in Matisse's studio when the author did his initial
interviews earlier that year.

Nymph and Satyr / Ceramic Triptych (Osthaus Museum)

1150. Neff, John Hallmark. "An Early Ceramic Triptych by Henri
Matisse." Burlington Mag. 114 (December 1972): 848-53.
The author establishes, in this first important article on the
aIl-but-forgotten work, the history of its commission and that
of its making. Commissioned for the horne of Karl-Ernst
Osthaus in Hagen which Henry van de Velde designed, the
work is related by Neffto Matisse's style of 1907-08 and other
works of the period. The site for which the triptych was made
was intended by Osthaus to become an artists' colony and
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 361

contained works by Vuillard, Maillol, and Hodler. Of first

importance for information on Matisse's early German patrons
and his decorative commissions.

1151. Windsor, A. "Hohenhagen." Architectural Review (UK) 170,

1015 (September 1981): 169-75.
A detailed description of Hohenhagen, a garden suburb of
Hagen, Germany, where the dealer and collector Karl-Ernst
Osthaus established his horne and museum, the nucleus for an
artists' colony. Among the artworks that adorned the
buildings, Matisse's ceramic triptych is discussed.

Oceania, the Sky and Oceania, the Sea (Ascher

Panels)
1152. Reed, ludith Kaye. "Modern Decoration: Ascher panels and
bronzes at Buchholz." Art Digest 23, 16 (May 15, 1949): 9.
A review of the exhibition of Ascher panels by Matisse and
Henry Moore as well as of bronze sculptures and drawings by
both artists. Matisse's drawings for his Ronsard Amours book
illustrations were shown. Leger and Miro were represented by
small panel paintings, but these are not commented on by the
revIewer.

1153. Kavanagh, Liv. "Fine Art and Textiles: the Ascher Head
Squares and Wall Panels." Apollo 125,303 (May 1987): 332-
37.
On the occasion of an exhibition of the forty-five years of
textile work by Zika Ascher at the Victoria and Albert
Museum, the author summarizes the history of Ascher's
textile production, his esthetic, and his contacts with
important fine artists who designed head scarves for the
company. Among the lauer, Matisse did one scarf design and
the double panels, Oceanie-le- Ciel and Oceanie-la-Mer, two
silk-screened panels on tan linen which were signed in a
limited edition of thirty pairs. The correspondence between the
Aschers and Matisse is incJuded at the end of the articJe.
362 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

1154. Matisse, Henri. "Oceanie: Teinture Mural." Labyrinthe 22

(1946): 3. Plam, 1973, 109-1 10.
Statement by Matisse on the memory of the light of Tahiti,
its flora and fauna, that inspired the panels.

1155. "Une tapisserie de Matisse: Le ciel." Arts (October 24,

1947): 1.
A note on this tapestry which was exhibited for the first time
in New York.

Polynesia, The Sky and Polynesia, the Sea (Musee

National d' Art Modeme)
1156. "Une tapisserie de Matisse." Art & Decoration 8 (1948): 55.
A note on the commissioning of the tapestry design from
Matisse 1947 by Georges Fontaine, active director of the
Mobilier National, and executed at Gobelins. A description
and short appreciation follow; illustrated in black and white.

1157. Lassaigne, Jacques. "Etat de la Tapisserie." Panorama des Arts

1947. Paris: Somogy, 1948: 250-51.
A two-page summary of the revival of tapestries in
contemporary'designs, occasioned by an exhibition mounted by
Denise Majorel at the Galerie de France. From private patrons
to public commissions, according to Lassaigne, new uses are
being devised for tapestry projects. The last two sentences
mention Matisse's Polynesie. Le eiel and Le Mer. the former
being given a half-page reproduction. See also William Wood,
no. 358, for another view of the reception of Matisse's
"commercial" ventures in the decortive arts.

Rouge et Noir [L'Etrange farandole] (Ballet)

1158. "Henri Matisse: Designs for the Monte Carlo Ballet's Rouge
et Noir." Theatre Arts Monthly 23 (October 1939): 753.
Portrait drawing of Lubov Roudenko, one of the dancers from
the ballet, with a note on the production.
DECORATIVE COMMISSIONS 363

1159. Massine, Leonid. "A Recollection." Yale Literary Magazine

123 (Fall 1955): 24.
A recollection of the relation of Matisse's Barnes Foundation
mural, Dance, and the 1939 ballet, Rouge et Noir. Mention is
made of another ballet, Diana, for which Matisse was to design
the costumes and decor but which was aborted by the outbreak
of the war.

1160. "Matisse's Own Sketch of Monumental Dancing Figures for

the Backdrop of La Farandole [Rouge et Noir]." Vogue 91
(June 15, 1938): 28-32.
A beautiful full-color, double-page spread of a late ( 1938)
watercolor reprise of the Dance motif, evidently made in
preparation for the sets of the ballet. This is followed by
photographs of Matisse in his aviary by Schall and a brief
description of the artist's projects laid out in his studio, among
them, maquettes for the ballet.

1161. Michaut, Pierre. "Matisse and the Ballet." La Biennale de

Venezia 26 (1955): 43-45.
A general article on Matisse's costumes and set designs for
both Diaghilev ballets, Le Chant de Rossignol ( 1920) and
Rouge et Noir ( 1939). The illustrations are of the latter ballet.

1162. "Dans un atelier de Ia Rue Desire de Niel a Nice, le celebre

peintre Henri Matisse et le choregraphe Leonide Massine ont
con<;u un ballet abstrait." L'Eclaireur de Nice et du Sud-Est
(May 11, 1939).
A news story on the development of the ballet.

The Sheaf Ceramic Mural (Brody Collection)

1163. "Matisse's Last Mural Installed in California: Tile Wall (La
Gerbe) in the Brody home, Los Angeles." Art News 55 (June
1956): 30-31 +.
A complete documentation of the process of making the tile
mural (the maquette being then on exhibit at the Museum of
Modern Art) with first-hand commentary by Mrs. Brody of Los
364 INDIVIDUAL WORKS

Angeles. Photo of the work in place and a diagram of the

divisions of tiles devised by Matisse for for shipping and
installation.

Song (The RockefeIler Mansion Overmantel Mural)

1164. Wakabayashi, Isamu. "Henri Matisse's Overmantel Decoration
of the RockefeIler Family." Misue 886 (January 1979): 56-
63. In Japanese.
Discussion of the overmantel, now in a Japanese collection,
relating it to works similar in time and theme, also stressing
the importance of the original decor of the room in the
RockefeIler apartment. Author also compares the spatial effects
of the lower (forward) figures in the overmantel to those of the
Vence Chapel, and relates the drawings in the Chapel to those
of prehistoric cave paintings.

1165. Zervos, Christian. "Decorations de Henri-Matisse." Cahiers

d' art 14, 5-10 (1939): 165-78.
An artic1e more generally on the advantages and dangers of the
current call for collective and public mural painting, illustrated
by photographs of seven versions of the overmantel in
progress, along with nine versions of the decorative panel,
Music (1939).

Stations of the Cross, Ceramic mural (Chapel of the

Rosary, Vence)
1166. Arrouye, Jean. "Les enseignments du Chemin de Croix." In
Matisse aujourd'hui, 125-46. Cahiers Henri Matisse, 5. Nice:
Musee Matisse, 1992, no. 98.

The author undertakes an exhaustive analysis of the structure

of the Stations, not a narrative in time, but a synthetic tabular
simultaneity, designed for meditation. He discusses the work
as a medieval allegory, with its literal, tropologic, and
anagogic levels of meaning.
 VI

Fauvism

Books and Catalogues

1167. Apollonio, Umberto. Fauves et Cubistes. Paris:

Flammarion, 1959. Eng. and U. S. eds., Fauves and Cubists.
London: Batsford, and New York: Crown Publishers, 1960;
Ger. and HaI. eds., Fauves und Kubisten and Fauves e cubisti.
Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d' Arti Grafiche, 1960.
Comprehensive and well-illustrated book with eighty-four
tipped-in plates of good quality for the time. The text stresses
the continuity between the two pre-World War I movements,
Fauvism establishing the autonomy of the canvas, the use of
color for its own sake, the influence on color intensity by
form-areas and vice versa, and the greater reliance on individual
feeling and the unconscious. Cubism builds on this, aided by
the examples of Cezanne and African sculpture. The author is
perhaps too prone to rely on Apollinaire's accounts of the
movements which leads hirn to overvalue the importance of
Vlaminck in the formation of the Fauve "style." Quoting
Apollinaire, Apollonio sees Fauvism as "a sort of preface to
Cubism."
Review: Connoisseur 147 (May 1961): 101; Lynton, N.
Burlington Mag. 104 (May 1962): 220.

1168. Chasse, Charles. Les Fauves et leurs temps. Lausanne-Paris:

La Bibliotheque des Arts, 1963.

365
366 FAUVISM

A curious, well-researched book which means to vindicate all

those neglected French "colorists" who do not have the farne of
the Moreau students who were to be called Fauves. Chasse
objects to the histories that credit Gustave Moreau alone with
laying the groundwork for the intense color of the new trend.
The provinces, not Paris, were the breeding grounds for the
new colorism: Rene Seyssaud, Adolphe Monticelli, Georges
Desvallieres, Diaz de la Pena, F6lix Ziem, Jean Lemordant,
among others, were all colorists from the provinces and all
receive generous chapters in this text. The essential
characteristics ofChasse's Fauvism is heightened color (nature
based and stilliocal) and a passionate, urgent facture of evident
brushwork and considerable impasto. Van Gogh is the model--
isolated, eccentric, expressionist. It is hardly surprising that
Chasse gives Derain, Vlaminck, and Van Dongen no more
extended treatment than Auguste Chabaud and Louis Val tat.
Claims to Matisse's leadership, superiority, and importance are
treated with great skepticism, as though his longevity and self-
promotion through his writings have falsely given hirn this
position in the histories of Fauvism. Finally, it appears that
Matisse's temperament--cautious, cold-blooded, rational,
deliberative, according to the author--prevents hirn from being
a true Fauve. By Chasse's description,a Fauve is a passionate,
intuitive, and spontaneous colorist, whatever his affiliations to
the historical movement called Fauvism.

1169. Clement, Russell T. Fauves: A Sourcebook. Series: Art

Reference Collection, 17. Westport, Conn., London:
Greenwood Press, 1994.
A bibliography of the literature on Fauvism which, after a
short section on general works, consists mainly of
bibliographies of the major "Fauves." Artists included are:
Dufy, Rouault, Vlaminck, Derain, Van Dongen, Marquet,
Friesz, Camoin, Manguin, Puy, and Valtat.

1170. Crespelle, Jean-Paut. Les Fauves. Series: Les Grands

Mouvements. Neuchätel: Ides et Calendes, 1962. Trans. by
Anita Brookner as The Fauves. London: Oldbourne Press, and
Greenwich, Conn.: New York Graphic Society, 1962.
BOOKS 367

Handsome monograph, lavishly iIIustrated with one hundred

fuH-page color reproductions of good quality. The main text is
warmly anecdotal and fuH of period color, while a documentary
text, set in smaHer type and printed in the margins, pro vi des
coHateral information: contemporary events abroad, artistic
events, biographies, direct citations from artists' writings or
statements. After chapters on "The Studio of Moreau," "The
School of Chatou," and "The Painters from Le Havre," the
author picks up the stories of Rouault, Van Dongen, Valtat,
Manguin, Camoin, Puy, and Flandrin in a catchaH essay,
entitIed "Fauves and More Fauves." A short chapter, "Death
and Resurrection of Fauvism," treats German Expressionism
as a later manifestation of the French movement and the final
essay (Chapter VIII) "The World of the Fauves" details some
of the critics, dealers, and coHectors who supported Fauvism.
The last chapter lists current (c. 1960) prices for Fauve
paintings. A highly readable account of the movement, chock-
fuH of documentary information.
Review: Habasque, G. Oeil 96 (December 1962): 85.

1171. Denvir, Bernard. Fauvism and Expressionism. London:

Thames and Hudson, 1975; U. S. ed., Woodbury, N. Y.:
Barron's, 1978.
This pocket book account of European Expressionism devotes
only nine of its fifty-seven pages of text to French Fauvism.
Expressionism, according to Denvir, as an anti-rational
impulse feIt throughout Europe from the late 1880s to the
1950s (De Kooning' s Woman and Bicycle of 1952 is
reproduced) and expressed in literature, music, film, and theatre
as much as in painting. The latter was rendered expressive by
an "ecstatic use of color and emotive distortion of form,
reducing ... or dispensing with ... dependence on objective
reality" in favor of personal vision and the projection of the
artist's interior experiences. Matisse's "Iyrical" interior
experiences are a smaH part of the story; the "aggressive,
mystical, or anguished" quality of Northern European artists
dominates. Color plates are of only fair quality and, in one
case, the titIes of two are transposed.
368 FAUVISM

1172. Diehl, Gaston. Les Fauves. Paris: Nouvelles Editions

Fran~aises, 1971. Eng. ed., The Fauves. New York: Harry N.
Abrams, Inc., 1975.
A handsomely produced book with tipped-in plates of fair
quality, each work illustrated with a page-Iong commentary
by the author. The comprehensive and inclusive introductory
text treats first the "Prelude to Fauvism [1900-04]," its
"Maturity [1905-07]," and its "Denoument [1908-10]." The
following chapter "Life and Survival of a Myth" takes up the
"Dömier" students of Matisse, his American followers, and
Fauve-influenced artists in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Russia,
and Scandinavia. A later chapter treats "Drawing, Watercolors,
and Prints" as weIl as some decorated plates and sketches. The
author, who has written a scholarly book on Matisse, is on
sure ground in his narrative. The wide scope of the book may
be judged, however, by the fact that works by Matthew Smith,
Hans Purrmann, and Piet Mondrian are reproduced as
influenced by Fauvism. Seven weIl-chosen works by Matisse
are reproduced.

1173. Diehl, Gaston. Les Fauves. Oeuvres de Braque, Derain, Dufy,

Friesz, Marquet, Matisse, Van Dongen, Vlaminck. Paris:
Editions du Chene, 1943.
Large-format album of twelve plates preceded by a four-page
general introduction by Diehl. The plates are tipped-in and
surprisingly good for the period and wartime conditions. Text
has a faint Vichy echo of deploring the decadence of modem art
(Symbolism in the nineteenh century and Surrealism in the
twentieth) against which Fauvism rebels, bringing a "witness
ofplenitude and health."

1174. Duthuit, Georges. Les Fauves: Braque, Derain, van Dongen,

Dufy, Friesz, Marquet, Matisse, Puy, Vlaminck. Geneva:
Editions des Trois Collines, 1949. Trans. by Ralph
Mannheim as The Fauvist Painters, with introduction by
Robert Motherwell. New York: Wittenbom, Schultz, 1950;
Swed. ed., Stockholm: Galerie d' Art Latin.
BOOKS 369

A brilliant, wordy, self-indulgent, and absolutely indispensable

text on Fauvism's "most illustrious representative," Matisse,
by his son-in-Iaw, the Byzantine art historian and homme de
lettres, Georges Duthuit. The author disposes of most of the
other putative Fauves with a good deal of sareasm and wit,
Vlaminek being the most mereilessly skewered. In a matrix of
philosophieal and literary opinions, digressions, and feints, the
author eulogizes Matisse and, in the proeess, provides a good
bit of solid information and direet quotations from his
protagonists, whom the author has reeently interviewed.
Duthuit's Matisse is someone who never eeases to attend to,
to (literally) foeus on, the real world while ereating a
marvelous painted world as its equivalent. At his most
sueeessful, Matisse sueeeeds in transeending Bergson' s
durational time by providing epiphanie flashes of transeendent
experienee for the viewer, in whieh the latter tears free of the
eonstraints of both time and materiality.
This is a greatly "reworked and amplified" version of the five-
part artic1e, "Le Fauvisme," I Cahiers d'Art 4,5 (1929): 177-
92; 11 Cahiers d'Art 4,6 (1929): 258-68; III Cahiers d'Art 4,
10 (1929): 429-34; IV Cahiers d'Art 5, 3 (1930): 129-35; V
Cahiers d'Art 6, 2 (1931): 78-82. These have been reprinted
in their original form in Georges Duthuit. Representation et
prisence. Premiers ecrits et travaux. 95-235. Paris:
Flammarion, 1974, no. 77.
Review: Canadian Art 82 (1950): 87; Mag. oj Art 44
(Deeember 1951): 337-8; Art Bull. 34 (Deeember 1952): 328.

1175. Duthuit, Georges. Matisse periode jauve. Series: Petite

Eneyc10pedie de I' Art. Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1956. Eng. ed.
Matisse. Fauve Period. New York: Tudor Publishing, 1956.
Livre de poche format with plates preeeded by an introduetory
text. Duthuit's essay is a subtle, but substantive, diseussion
of the movement in whieh he distills his twenty years of
thinking on the topie into a text aeeessible to a wider
audienee.
370 FAUVISM

1176. Elderfield, lohn. The "Wild Beasts." Fauvism and its

Affinities. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1976.
Exhibition catalogue.
Elderfield's is an important essay which distinguishes the
Fauve movement, Fauve style(s), and the Fauve group. The
latter comprised three distinct circles, in which Matisse was
the common linchpin: the Moreau and Carriere students
(Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, Camoin, Puy and Rouault); the
artists from Chatou (Derain and Vlaminck); and the latecomers
from Le Havre (Friesz, Dufy, and Braque). Van Dongen
belonged to none of these. The fauvist style manifested itself
at the 1905 Salon des Independants as a high-color Post-
Impressionism (mostly Neo-Impressionism), was followed by
what the author calls a mixed style (broken color and some
areas of flat infilling, influenced by Seurat and Van Gogh), and
developed into the flat-color style (influenced by Gauguin,
Ingres, and non-Western sources ). Fauvism as a movement,
over after the 1907 Salon des Independants, was largely the
result of the public's and critics' response to the paintings. Its
demise partly came from increased influence of Cezanne's
work, wh ich was to lead to Cubism and the natural
disintegration of a not-very-united group of maturing young
painters. The author sensitively analyzes the changes in the
painters' styles; he also pays attention to the themes of
Fauvism--its pastoral and Mediterranean paganism, youthful
even primitive ardor in response to nature, and its idealism.
In setting these thematic concerns in a wider cultural and
historical context, Elderfield draws on Ellen Oppler' s earlier
study (1969), no. 1191> of the political, cultural, and artistic
milieu which nurtured early twentieth century art movements
in all media. Scrupulously documented and researched, this is
a key text on Fauvism, the most important until The Fauve
Landscape exhibition (1990), no. 1179, and Herbert's
reinterpretation of the cultural politics of the movement in
Fauve Painting, The Making of Cultural Politics (1992), no.
1181.
Reviews: Baldwin, Carl R. "The Fauves: Reflections on an
Exhibition, A Catalogue, and a History," Arts Mag. 50 (lune
BOOKS 371

1976): 99-102; Bremmer, Nina. Review. Pantheon 34,3

(July-September 1976): 265; Dorra, Henri. "The 'Wild
Beasts'; Fauvism and Its Affinities, at the Museum of Modem
Art." Art Journal 36 (Fall 1976): 50-54; Goldin, Amy.
"Forever Wild, a Pride of Fauves. Fauvism and Its Affinities,"
Art in America 64, 3 (May-June 1976): 90-95; Hobhouse,
Janet. "Fauve Years: A Case of Derailments," Art News 75,
6 (Summer 1976): 47-50; Kramer, Hilton. Review. New
York Times (April 4, 1976): 29; Lampert, C. "Wild Beasts:
Museum ofModem Art, New York," Studio 192 (July 1976):
78-79; RusselI, John. Review. New York Times (March 26,
1976): 20.

1177. Fauvism and Modern Japanese Painting [Fövisumu to nihon

kindai yöga]. Eds., Yori Saito and Kotaro Takamura, with
essays by R. Pickvance, I. Monod-Fontaine, T. Asano.
Tokyo: Shinbun, 1992. Exhibition catalogue. In Japanese
and English.
An exhibition catalogue on the influence of French
modemism, especially Fauvism, on twentieth-century Japanese
art, for an exhibition in wh ich 182 works were displayed. The
following essays were included: Roland Pickvance, "Post-
Impressionism, Van Gogh, and Fauvism"; Isabelle Monod-
Fontaine, "Matisse's Fauvist Paintings," and Toru Asano,
"Fauvism and Modern Japanese Painting--The Roles Played by
Yori Saito and Kotaro Takamura." The Monod-Fontaine essay
presents familiar material on Matisse but the essay by Asano
offers fascinating new material on the waves of European
modemism that affected Japanese artists who were familiar
specifically with Matisse's work. Amazingly, Matisse's "Notes
of a Painter" was published in Japanese as early as 1909,
admittedly in' an imperfect translation. Generously illustrated
and fully documented.

1178. Ferrier, Jean-Louis. Fauves. regne de la couleur. Matisse.

Derain. Vlaminck. Marquet. Camoin, Manguin. Van Dongen.
Friesz. Braque, Dufy. Paris: Pierre Terrail, 1992; Eng. ed. in
the luxury series, The Glorious World of Art, as The Fauves.
372 FAUVISM

The Reign 0/ Color. Norwalk, Connecticut: The Easton

Press, 1995.
A big, lavishly iIlustrated text with all the old-favorite 1905-
06 paintings by the major Fauves in saturated color.This has
also a workmanlike text that does not offer much new by way
of documentation or point of view but is written by a
knowledgeable and elegant writer on art. Since a number of
other general Fauve histories are out of print, perhaps such a
book fills a need in the 1990s but the format seems somewhat
anachronistic.

1179. Freeman, Judi, with contributions by Roger Benjami.n, James

D. Herbert, John Klein, Alvin Martin. The Fauve Landscape.
Los Angeles and New York: Los Angeles County Museum of
Art and Abbeville Press, 1990. Exhibition catalogue.
This exhibition catalogue deals only with what it deerns the
dominant motifs of the movement--"seascape, riverscape,
townscape, cityscape, sometimes populated, sometimes not."
The catalogue essays examine the "geography of Fauvism,"
much as the 1984-85 exhibition A Day in the Country:
Impressionism and French Landscape exhaustively analysed
the geography of that earlier movement. The catalogue is
sumptuously produced, with fine reproductions and profuse
documentary illustrations and a detailed "Documentary
Chronology, 1904-1908" by the curator, Judi Freeman, as weil
as an excellent selected bibliography.
Freeman's essay, "Surveying the Terrain, the Fauves and
Landscape," gives a general overview of the exhibition's
rationale, touching on themes of the similar nature of Fauve
landscape subjects to those of Impressionism, itself indebted to
the conventions of the picturesque overlaid with a vacationer' s
viewpoint. She shows how the Fauves, in their landscapes
with nudes, combined this practice with that of an arcadian
tradition in French "c1assical" landscapes. John Klein's essay,
"New Lessons from the School of Chatou, Derain and
Vlaminck in the Paris Suburbs," pursues these ideas in
relation to Derain's and Vlaminck's suburban and urban
landscapes, specifically in Chatou and Le Pecq and in London.
BOOKS 373

Although both chose views that were frequently reproduced on

postcards, Derain's compositions are more altered, his style
more inventive. He more than Vlaminck--whose sites were
always close to home--ventured to new locations and new
experiments with his pictorial elements.
Freeman's essay, "Far from the Earth of France, The Fauves
Abroad," investigates the work produced by Derain in London
and Friesz and Braque in Antwerp, sites to which they brought
a tourist's imagination as weil as an artist's eye. Even
Matisse's trips to Aigeria and Morocco favored Europeanized
cities that had long been tourist magnets; revealing letters
from Matisse to Manguin while in Aigeria are cited
extensively. Freeman argues, from evidence, that Derain's
first London trip was in the Fall of 1905, after his summer
with Matisse in Collioure, not in Spring of that year. Only
Derain was able to paint a powerful body of work while
abroad; for the others, the foreign experience fueled later work
painted on horne territory.
Alvin Martin and Judi Freeman's essay, "The Distant Cousins
in Normandy, Braque, Dufy and Friesz," looks closely at the
works of these Le Havre artists along their own Atlantic coast
as weil as Mediterranean towns in the shadow of Marseille,
I'Estaque, and La Ciotat. Authors discuss as weil the artistic
networks outside of Paris that nurtured the three and aided their
careers. Herbert's "Painters and Tourists, Matisse and Derain
on the Mediterranean Shore," develops the thematic core of the
exhibition and Benjamin's "Fauves in the Landscape of
Criticism, Metaphor and Scandal at the Salon" takes up the
critical discourse in which the movement was assessed. Both
of these last named essays are summarized separately under
Fauve Articles, nos. 1200 and 1236.
Review: Flam, Jack. "Taming the Beasts," New York Review
(April 25, 1991): 40-42; Thomson, Richard. "Young Men's
Painting," Times Lit. Supp. (June 28, 1991): 16.

1180. Giry, Marcel. Le Fauvisme: ses origines, son evolution.

Neuchiitel: Ides et Calendes, 1981. Trans. by Helga Harrison as
Fauvism: Origins and Development. New York: Alpine Fine
374 FAUVISM

Arts, 1981; Ger. ed., Der Fauvismus; Ursprünge und

Entwicklung. Würzburg: Popp, 1982.
An ambitious rethinking of Fauvism in terms of the
movement's subjective Iyricism, poetry, and expressionism
(these terms used synonymously); its rejection of mimetic
realism in favor of an autonomous work in "harmony with the
artist's inner life, rather than the objective world; and its
achievement of "color-space" in place of light-space or
traditional perspective. Relating Fauvism to an anarchist
(Nietzsche) and vital ist (Bergson) world-view, the author
rejects the simple notion that spontaneity and high-saturation
color identify fauvist painting. The artists he treats are
Matisse, Marquet, Derain, Van Dongen, Dufy, Friesz, and
Braque, discussing the development of each from 1900 to 1907
in careful detail. Only their painting is discussed; sculpture
and drawing are not included. Giry is especially respectful
toward and insightful on Marquet, Dufy, and Van Dongen,
artists often slighted or omitted in Fauve histories. Matisse is
not given more space than the others.
Giry claims considerable conscious rebellion (against
Impressionism as weil as academic art) on the part of Fauve
artists, and a total volitional awareness about their stylistic
decisions from 1904-1907. Although he claims to refute some
older notions of Fauvism, his final narrative adheres largely to
the traditional French reading of the movement. Giry retains
the older ideas of progressive stylistic development, authorial
awareness and control, and the core of "poeticallyricism" that
distinguishes authentic art from mere realism. Though the
text is lavishly illustrated with fine color plates and numerous
black and white reproductions, too often works which are not
iIIustrated are discussed in some detail. Published in 1981,
the text seems ten years older, as Elderfield's and Oppler's
important texts, published in the 1970s, are not overtly alluded
to, though Oppler's findings are liberally used. Fine
bibliography, both general and on the individual artists.
BOOKS 375

1181. Herbert, J ames Daniel. Fauve Painting.' The Making 0/

Cultural Politics. New Haven and London: Yale University
Press, 1992.
Author reviews Fauvism under the aegis of the "New Art
History," that is, as grounded in social history and constructed
through a variety of pre-1914 cultural discourses. First, he
demonstrates that the 1905 manner of Fauve painting, by
Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck, constitutes a kind of neo-
realism, positioning itself between the idealistic, painter-
referencing approach of Symbolism and the reformist images
of city and suburb found in contemporary photographs and
cartoons. Fauvism's "neo-realism" effected a material
similitude between the facticity of the painting medium and
that of the scene portrayed, a conflation of materialities that
escaped representation by a matching physicality. In dealing
with Matisse's representation of the nude (Carmelina and
Marquet Painting a Nude in Manguin's Studio) in Chapter 2,
Herbert draws heavily on gender studies on the gaze and the
positioning of women as spectacle (Mulvey, Gallop, Doane,
Silverman, Duncan, T. J. Clark). The third chapter deals with
the relation between possession of a site/sight by touristic
viewing and by artistic representation--both possessions
metaphorized in contemporary literature as the possession of a
passive, female "nature," but a nature that has been already
structured as "classical." From a discussion of the
Mediterranean, arcadian landscape, the author moves to the
French nationalism of the early twentieth century wh ich was
easily aligned with a Latinized French culture in the grande
tradition of Poussin and the seventeenth century. Other topics
considered in the text are the implications of colonial attitudes
toward non-European peoples and the use of African sculpture
by the Fauve artists, and the Fauves' visual play between
similarity--between European [art] and African [art]--and
inescapable difference. Thus, for example, Matisse uses the
African fetish to work out approaches to the fetishized female
body, conflating national, racial, and gender differences.
Herbert's study uses the Fauve body of paintings to play out
his own critical agenda against the nationalism, imperialism,
376 FAUVISM

colonialism, and gender chauvinism to which "neutral" or

autonomous art history seems blind.
Review: Cottington, David. "Matisse: Myth and History."
Art History 17 (June 1994): 278-84; Humble, Pau!.
Review. Brit. Journal of Aesth. 34 (April 1994): 190-2;
Whitfield, Sarah. "Review of Fauve Painting: The Making of
Cultural Politics." Burlington Mag. 135, 1081 (April 1993):
280.

1182. ledlicka, Gotthard. Der Fauvismus. Zürich: Büchergilde

Gutenberg, 1961.
In this richly iIIustrated book (ninety-six plates of which
twenty-three are in color), ledlicka gives a full treatment of the
sources of Fauvism, its history, the development of Matisse in
some detail, and individual treatments of the artists of the
"Schools" of Chatou and Le Havre, as weil as a chapter each
on the "Society" Fauve: Van Dongen, the "Outsider" Fauve:
RouauIt, and those "on the margins" of Fauvism: VaItat,
Manguin, Camoin, and Puy. ledlicka, though understanding
the deli berate and synthetic quality of Matisse' s art,
nevertheless frames Fauvism in expressionist terms that stress
individual temperament, youthful anarchism, instinctual
spontaneity, a certain violence and force of fact ure and color-
choice, and makes Van Gogh the father figure of the
movement. The terms are almost those of German
Expressionism in the broadest characterization of that
movement. Good bibliography.

1183. Laude, lean. La Peinture franraise (1905-1914) et "L'Art

negre," 2 vols. Series: Collection d'esthetique. Paris:
Editions Klincksieck, 1968.
A book of the very first order on the topic of Parisian painting
(Fauvism and Cubism) and the absorption of "lessons" from
African Art, called indiscriminately during this period (1905-
1914) "Colonial Art." The section on Fauvism is
pathbreaking both for its meticulous historical documentation
and for its extremely subtle analysis of Matisse's "project"
during the period, which involved investigation of color, li ne
BOOKS 377

and volume in all three media (painting, graphics, and

sculpture). Using African sculpture (as he used archaic Greek,
Egyptian, Oceanic, and Cambodian art) only for its ability to
help hirn solve plastic problems in his own work, Matisse did
not succumb to the exoticism or the "cult-power" of African
art as some others did. Laude brilliantly dissects the specific
plastic problems Matisse addressed in 1905-07 for which he
entered into a dialogue with "negro art." The study as a whole
is basic to our understanding of the reception and formation of
the concept "primitive" in modern European culture, and its
assimilation by particular artists and movements.

1184. Leymarie, Jean. Le Fauvisme. Series: Le Gout de notre

temps. Geneva: Skira, 1957, 1959. Trans. by James Emmons
as Fauvism; Biographical and Critical Study. Paris: Skira,
1959; revised ed., Fauves and Fauvism. New York: Skira/
Rizzoli, 1987.
Small-format, beautifully produced book with superb quality
tipped-in plates, many paired to facilitate comparisons. The
author conceives Fauvism broadly as the excited handling of
color, drastic simplification of line, and subjective pos session
of the picture surface. In a fluent and accurate narrative of the
history of Fauvism, Leymarie perhaps gives too much credit
for priority and quality to Vlaminck but is among the first to
recognize the importance of Signac's and Cross's studies and
watercolors for Matisse's free use of pointillism in 1904-05.
The text incIudes a full chapter on German Expressionism,
dominated by "psychic force" rather than the French "plastic
form." Although Van Gogh, Gauguin, and non-Western
sources are common to both French and German artists, the
North Europeans were also affected by Munch, Jugendstil, and
by the traditions of Gothic art and the German woodcut. An
altogether balanced, excellent study.
Review: Wemer, A. Arts Mag. 33 (June 1959): 14; Grenier,
J. Oeil 55-56 (July-August 1959): 70; Melquiot, J. Apollo
71 (June 1960): 211.
378 FAUVISM

1185. Marussi, Garibaldo. I Fauves. Venice: Edizioni deI

Cavallino, 1950. Exhibition catalogue.
A general treatment of Fauvism published on the occasion of
the Fauve exhibition at the 1950 Venice Biennale.

1186. Mathews, Denis. Fauvism. London: Metheun, 1956. Ger.

ed., Fauvismus. Vienna, 1956.
A sI im volume of plates with an intelligent general
introduction to the Fauve movement and its major
participants.

1187. Muller, Joseph-Emile. Le Fauvisme. Series: Aldine des Arts,

35 (1956). Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1956, 1966. Trans. by
Shir1ey E. Jones as Fauvism. London: Thames & Hudson,
and New York: Praeger Paperback, 1967.
Small-format book with fairly good color plates for its price
and an excellent text of unusual depth and range for its
relatively early date. Muller organizes his discussion around
the formation of the movement, the development of
individuals' styles, the broad contributions of Fauvism up to
1907, the reasons for the movement' s dissolution, and its
survival after 1908 in the work of Matisse and Dufy. Also of
interest is the author's incIusion of a chapter entitled
"Influences and Parallel Trends" which treats in some detail the
story of German expressionism from the Brücke to the Blaue
Reiter group, carefully distinguishing what was common to
both groups from direct influences. Besides the color plates,
many drawing and prints are included in black and white
reproduction, which highlight facets of the movement not
dominated by color.

1188. Nabi und Fauves, Zeichnungen. Aquarelle. Pastelle aus

Schweizer Privatbesitz. Zürich: Kunsthaus, 1982. Exhibition
catalogue.
This exhibition catalogue includes twenty-six drawings (1901-
1947) by Matisse and an autograph letter from Matisse to the
Swiss collectors, the Hahnlosers, dated 1945. Following a
BOOKS 379

short general introduction, Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold provides a

brief commentary on each drawing; they are beautifully
reproduced in this handsome catalogue. Jürgen SchuItze
provides a more general essay on "Die Zeichnungen der
Fauves," no. 301. to introduce the catalogue which features
only Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, and Rouault as Fauves, all
students of Moreau. Schultze notes that Fauve drawings are
too Iittle studied--as Fauvism is deemed chiefly concerned with
color--and emphasizes the "seismographic" immediacy of
Fauve drawings, which are the first record of the artist's
emotion in front of the motif. This expressivity is what is
added in these works to a somewhat standard range of Belle
Epoque motifs and subjects.

1189. Negri, Renata. Matisse e i Fauves. Series: Mensili d'arte,

27. Milan: Fabbri, 1969. Trans. by Himi1ce Novas as
Matisse and the Fauves. New York: Jupiter Art Library,
1970.
A book of sixty plates of mediocre quality is preceded by an
introductory overview essay on the "movement" and followed
by brief biographical notes on the artists who are termed
"Fauves." The latter list is inc1usive, rather than selective, but
Matisse's contribution and leadership is given pride of place.
Good on the "origins and components" of Fauvism, the author
sees the movement as a "step toward freeing the creative
imagination from any obligation to imitate nature," a
movement toward "pure painting."

1190. Neumayer, Hans. Fauvisme (Zeit und Farbe). Vienna:

Verlag Brüder Rosenbaum, 1956.
A slim pocket-book of colored plates (of indifferent quality) is
preceded by a short text of a general nature. The text and
plates (which inc1ude Gauguin and Van Gogh) cast the
movement in a broad context, as a more general colorist
impulse from the nineteenth century and spreading throughout
Europe, rather than a Parisian phenomenon of short duration
and few "true" practitioners. The Matisse works iIIustrated are
380 FAUVISM

from the 1930s, rather than from the c. 1906 period of his
development.

1191. Oppler, Ellen Charlotte. Fauvism Reexamined. New York:

Garland Publishing, 1976. Series: Outstanding Dissertations
in the Fine Arts. (Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University,
1969.)
A reprint of her Ph.D. dissertation, Oppler's study is a major
work on the history of Fauvism. For the first time, the
movement is set within a serious discussion of its relation to
Impressionism, neo-symbolism, resurgent classicism,
naturism, and other cultural and artistic trends as weIl as its
relation to Iiterary movements in Paris. Extensive original
research is coupled with a broad grasp of modern French
cultural history to produce a comprehensive context in which
to reexamine the myths about the movement, the claims of its
participants, the nature of its originality, and the extent of its
intluence. Matisse's work is given its full due, but not unduly
emphasized, since the author believes hirn to be exceptional,
rather than typical, of the movement due to his age, talent,
perseverence in more disciplined researches, and independent
course of development. Written in an effortless and c1ear style
which disguises its erudition, the study also contains an
outstanding comprehensive bibliography.
Review: Baldwin, Carl. Art Bull. 60 (March 1978): 187-88.

I 192. Payr6, J ulio E. Que es el 'fauvismo . . Un arte feliz: la pintura

de las fieras. Series: Colecci6n Esquemas. Buenos Aires:
Columba. 1955.
A modestly produced volume in aseries for a general audience;
good general text.

1193. Salmon, Andre. Le Fauvisme. Series: Tendances de la

peinture moderne. Paris: Somogy, 1956.
Salmon reviews the history of Fauvism in an unusual way,
speaking only of Vlaminck and Derain at first. primarily to
deny the former's coloristic spontaneity as essential to the
BOOKS 381

definition of his topic. Moving to Matisse, whom he had

mocked in their youth as inferior to Picasso and as having
only a dressmaker's talent, Salmon suggests that Matisse's
considered construction by "colored volumes" was the he art of
the movement's innovation, an innovation without wh ich
there would have been no Cubism, Futurism, nor most of the
subsequent innovations in painting even to the present post-
World War 11 painting. This short and eccentricly organized
essay accompanies twenty-four colored plates by artists as
varied as Van Gogh, Franz Marc, Dufy, and Schmidt-Rottluff,
each with its own page-long commentary. The four works by
Matisse are weil chosen, but date from 1926 (Decorative Nude
Against an Ornamental Background) to 1948 (Large Red
Interior).

1194. Sotriffer, Kristian. Expressionismus und Fauvismus. Vienna:

Anton Schroll and Co., 1972. Eng. ed., Modern Graphics:
Expressionism and Fauvism. New York: distributed by
McGraw-Hill, 1972.
This study, wh ich deals only with the print medium, sees
Expressionism as a time-specific movement "crystallized in a
pure and unmistakable form" that is confined to Germany. It
is therefore not surprising that French "Fauvism" receives very
little attention. One Matisse lithograph is illustrated, Nude
with Footstool (1906), and the author admits that since
French expressionism remained bound to tradition and used
color as its main element it does not fit his description of a
rebellious, even hysterical, movement that favored the
lapidary, brutal style encouraged by woodcuts. More
substantially treated among the French are Rouault, Van
Dongen, and Vlaminck.

1195. Vauxcelles, Louis. Le Fauvisme. Series: Peintres et

sculpteurs d'hier et d'aujourd'hui, 51. Geneva: Pierre Cailler,
1958.
A text originally published as various articles in 1939 is
updated with a handsomely designed format and numerous
tipped-in plates of good quality for the period. Vauxcelles
382 FAUVISM

greatly aggrandizes the role of Vlaminck and, secondarily,

Derain in the formation and continuation of Fauvism. In a
book of some one hundred twenty-five pages, the Chatou
artists are given the first sixty-five, while Matisse is accorded a
scant eight pages thereafter. Vauxcelles's style is anecdotal,
joumalistic. and amusing; he makes ample use of the artists'
own accounts of their role in the movement. without weighing
the possible self-interest of their statements. The second half
of the text is given over to secondary figures such as Marquet.
Friesz, Puy, Manguin, Camoin. Flandrin. Rouault.
Desvallieres. and Van Dongen. Matisse is seen as too
rationalist to be a true Fauve. although the movement served
as aspringboard for his liberation from realism.

1196. Wattenmaker. Richard J. The Fauves. Toronto: Art Galleries

of Ontario. 1975. Exhibition catalogue.
A short intelligent introduction to an exhibition of painters
connected with Fauvism. Author weaves a coherent narrative
around the painters and paintings in the show, establishing the
almost ad hoc development of the Fauve "style" by young
artists responding to and building on the great Post-
Impressionists, Gauguin. Van Gogh. Cezanne, and Seurat and
Co. There are five varied works of Matisse in the show,
incIuding Boy with a Butterfly Net and two 1906 horizontal-
format oil sketches on cardboard, one of which is a study for
the pointillist, Port d'Abaili [Avall).

1197. Wentinck, Charles. Modern Art and Primitive Art. 16-17.

London: Phaidon, Oxford. 1979. Published in the Netherlands
as Modeme und Primitive Kunst. 1974.
A book with startIing visual comparisons between modem and
"primitive" art but with a text that blurs differences,
sometimes carelessly uses primary sources. and generally tends
to value the "primitive" works to the extent that either they
embody the values of modem art or helped to cIarify those
values. Short section on Matisse pI aces his discovery and
appreciation of African sculpture with respect to Vlaminck's in
an ambiguous light.
BOOKS 383

1198. Werenskiold, Marit. The Concept 0/ Expressionism, Origin

and Metamorphosis. Oslo and Bergen: Universitetsforlaget,
1984. Trans. by Ronald Walford from the original Norwegian.
Werenskiold traces, with exhaustive scholarship and sound
methodology, the usage of the term "expressionism" in early
twentieth-century art and its chan ging conceptual content. She
traces expressionism's origins from Matisse's "Notes of a
Painter," via Roger Fry's post-impressionist exhibitions of
1910 and 1912, to its use in Scandinavia and Germany, at first
to label all (Fauve and Cubist) new French painting. She then
tracks its acceptance in Germany as a national style (German
Expressionism) especially from 1918 until the 1937 "Entartete
Kunst" exhibition under the Nazi government. Returning to
France, she follows the term's usage there (and its rejection by
the French as applicable to French artists) in the inter-war
years. This extremely informative and comprehensive study
conc\udes by examining the term and concept in Scandinavia,
where the presence of Matisse's former pupils allowed it to
retain something of its original signification. A useful
historical treatment of this much-used and often abused term.

1199. Whitfield, Sara. Fauvism. Series: World of Art. London:

Thames & Hudson, 1988, 1991.
A welI-written, workmanlike historical narrative of the
formation and recognition of the Fauves as a group with a
developing style. Richly iIIustrated, but with many more
reproductions (86 %) in black and white than in color. As a
rival to the inexpensive Muller paperback survey, this study
provides more context by way of exhibition and marketing
practices in Paris and, of course, incorporates more recent
scholarship. In a chapter entitled, "Dreams of Other Spaces,"
the author skillfully weaves a discussion of modern exotic
dancing, the influence of African sculpture and Gauguin's
carving, and the theme of the Golden Age into a satisfying
discussion of Matisse's and Derain's Joy 0/ Life and Golden
Age paintings and their sculpture. For Whitfield, Fauvism
rendered painting autonomous; that is, in Matisse's words, it
made painting "do what only painting can do."
384 FAUVISM

Articles
1200. Benjamin, Roger. "Fauves in aLandscape of Criticism,
Metaphor and Scandal at the Salon." The Fauve Landscape,
241-66. Edited by Judi Freeman. Los Angeles and New
York: Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Abbeville
Press, 1990, no. 1179.
This is an astute assessment of the critical discourse in which
Fauvism was received--that of personal style and artistic
filiation (remnant of the guild system), that of "decorative
landscape" in which style change was more readily accepted,
that of distinguishing and naming "movements" in order to
delimit smaller entities in mass Salon exhibitions with an eye
to dealers and the market. Benjamin notes that, after the 1907
Independents Salon, the criticism of Fauve works remained
largely negative, while the attraction of the new work to the
general viewing public and the sales to dealers and collectors
increased markedly. The author also examines how political
and social views were allied to being for or against the new art.
An important study of Fauve reception, building on
Benjamin's far-reaching study of Matisse's "Notes 0/ a
Pa inter, " no. 55.

1201. Benjamin, Roger. "The Decorative Landscape, Fauvism, and

the Arabesque of Observation." Art Bult. 75, 2 (June 1993):
295-316.
Benjamin, objecting to the recent Fauve scholarship that
concentrates on the sites represented, discusses the historical
artificiality of the painted landscape, its constructed nature, and
more particularly the relation of landscape to the decorative in
the late nineteenth century in mural painting and stage
decoration. In easel painting, the Fauves further structured the
landscape by means of the arabesque, a well-known motif
utilized in both East and West. In fact, the arabesque becomes
figure in Fauve landscapes, composed as they were with color
in direct observation of the vegetal motifs and rhythms of land-
formations. These landscapes--composed, abstract, femininely
embodied-- have direct links to the pastoral and utopian
ARTICLES 385

landscapes of tradition. A complex and erudite study of great

importance.

1202. Burgess, Gelett. "The Wild Men of Paris." ArchitecturaL

Record 27, 5 (May 1910): 400-14. Reprinted, ibid., 140
(July 1966): 237-50; Flam, no. 88, 119-20.
Probably written in November or December,1908, while
Burgess was visiting the studios of young avant-garde painters,
including Picasso, Braque, Derain, Friesz, and Herbin, among
others. Burgess emphasizes Matisse's serious character as an
experimenter seeking expression, someone whose innovations
have inspired madcap variations and misreadings by his
"disciples" (all the other artists visited). Matisse, the older
master, retains a vitality and originality his epigones might
envy. Burgess, whose French was rudimentary, seems to
misquote or misunderstand Matisse in a number of instances.

1203. Carco, Francis. "Le nu dans la peinture moderne: les Fauves."

Nouvelles Litteraires (May 1924). Reprinted in idem, Le Nu
dans La peinture moderne, 64-76. Paris: G. Cres, 1924.
Not really a discussion of the Fauve use of the figure, the
article is just a way to talk about individual artists known as
"Fauves": Marquet, Van Dongen, Derain, Vlaminck, and,
especially, Matisse. For the last named, see this material
summarized in the General Articles section, no. 420.

1204. Carmean, E. A. "Morris Louis and the Modern Tradition: I.

Abstract Expressionism; 11. Cubism; III. Impressionism; IV.
Fauvism; V. Later Matisse; VI. Principles of Abstraction."
Arts Mag. 51, 1,2,3,4 (September, October, November,
December, 1976): 70-75,112-117,122-126,116-119.
Discusses what Louis took from the example of Matisse's
work. From the style of Fauvism , Morris learned the power
of multiple, separate, and boldly colored interactive elements
and, from Matisse's late works, the concept of drawing in
colored shapes and arranging them on a surface.
386 FAUVISM

1205. Cartier, Jean-Albert. "Gustave Moreau, Professeur a l'Ecole

des Beaux-Arts." Gaz. beaux-arts (May 1963): 347-58.
An article written on the occasion of the exhibit. Gustave
Moreau et ses eleves, by the show's curator. Cartier stresses
Moreau's availability to his students, his sharing with them of
a more general culture and his personal values, his stress on an
"imagined" color, and an appreciation for the decorative. Many
direct citations by Moreau's students which testify to the
reasons for their gratitude toward their teacher.

1206. Chasse, Charles. "L'Histoire du Fauvisme revue et corrigee."

Connaiss. arts (October 1962): 54-59.
Author refutes several claims by Vlaminck on the origins of
Fauvism. For example, the famous train derailment wh ich
literally threw Vlaminck and Derain together is in part
Vlaminck' s fabrication, altered as to gravity and time for
dramatic effect. Vlaminck's claim to have introduced Derain
and Matisse is also refuted. as weil as Vlaminck's claim to
have been working in heightened color from before 1900.
Weil illustrated, with new documentation and information on
current sale prices of Fauve works.

1207. Cunne, Kar!. "Fauvisme och Kubismen i Frankrike." Ord och

Bild (1927): 655-70.
An early overview of French modernism through a discussion
of the two major movements that had been identified as crucial
to its development.

1208. Dagen, Phi lippe. "'L'Example egyptien': Matisse, Derain et

Picasso entre fauvisme et cubisme (1905-1908)." Bull. de la
Societe de I'Histoire de I/Art Franr;ais (1984): 289-302.
The author examines the effect of the "Egyptomania" of the
early years of the century on the "primitivizing" work of
Matisse, Derain, and Picasso from 1905 to 1908. He sees the
admiration for Egyptian forms of simplication as apreparation
for and prefiguration of the appreciation of African sculpture.
Matisse' s archaicized female heads of c. 1907 and the Standing
ARTICLES 387

Nude. Young GirL (1906) are singled out for analysis, as weil
as the simplifications of certain painted portraits of family
members executed between 1906 and 1913.

1209. Donne, 1. B. "African Art and Paris Studios, 1905-1920." In

Art and Society, Studies in Style. Culture. and Aesthetics.
Edited by Michael Greenhalgh and Vincent Megaw. New
York: St. Martin's Press, 1978.
A preliminary investigation of the styles of African art that
could be seen in Paris in 1905-20, as derived from early
published collections--that of Markov, Guillaume, Apollinaire,
and Clouzot, and Level. A careful historical study, especially
tracing possible African influences on Picasso, that challenges
the juxtaposition of "cubist" works and African sculpture that
is based on purely formal similarities.

1210. Dorgeles, Raymond. "Le Prince des Fauves." Fantasio

(December 1, 1910). Flam, no. 88,124-26.
A slashing, satirical attack on Matisse's work, inc1uding the ad
hominem accusation of his purveying novelties for the sake of
notoriety and monetary gain. Mean-spirited and even racist,
the author pretends to lament Matisse's native gifts, now so
manipulated as to dupe the (ignorant) public. Vitriol under the
guise of humor.

1211. Dorival, Bernard. "Fauvism." In Les Etapes de La peinture

fran~aise contemporaine. vol. 11, 71-194. Paris: Gallimard,
1944.
In this early. war-time text on Fauvism, of which
nineteen pages are devoted exc1usively to Matisse. Dorival
sets forth the characteristics of the movement: arbitrary and
intense color, deformation of (naturalistic) form, and a strong
decorative impulse. Above aIl, Fauvism aims at sensation--
immediate sensation delivered with maximum shock. Dorival
relates this spirit, this "will to power," to that of the twentieth
century with its nationalisms, its extreme political and social
movements, its taste for easily grasped slogans over reasoned
rhetoric. If Rouault is the C1audel of the movement, the author
388 FAUVISM

says, Matisse is its Valery. There is nothing more

"authentically French" than Matisse's work, characterized as it
is by "sensibility, intelligence, and will." Matisse' s work is
treated in its entirety, not just the Fauve years, but Dorival
does not attempt to reconcile his characterization of Fauvism
with the cool deliberateness and intellectuality of Matisse's
total oeuvre.

1212. Dorival, Bernard. "Fauves: The Wild Beasts Tamed." Art

News Annual (1952-53): 98-129, 174-76.
An extensive, profusely illustrated artic\e on the occasion of
the Museum of Modern Art's Fauve exhibition with the color
plates from the latter's catalogue bound into the artic1e. There
are, besides, under the rubrics, "The Fauves after Fauvism,"
"Extending into Expressionism," and "Influences in America"
a curious assortment of "side-bar" paintings dating from 1925
to 1940 that stretch any concept of Fauvism. The thoughtful
essay by Dorival, however, sees 1905 as the moment of a
seven-year-old colorist movement' s reaching the "age of
reason" in a mature manifestation of its style. Seen as the
product of a collective "c1imate" of experimentation arising
from the example and challenge of post-impressionism, the
author posits Fauvism as a "necessity," a stage in the long
historical revolution of pictorial art. Based on a need for
individualistic self-expression and the simplification of
pictorial means, Fauvism joins Cubism as the twin pillar of
an arch through which all modems have past. In 1953,
Dorival sees the French painters--Bazaine, Lapique, Esteve,
Pignon, Gischia, Manessier, Singier--as the culmination of
Fauvism rather than the emerging French or American
tachistes.

1213. Dorival, Bernard. "L'Art de la Brücke et le Fauvisme." Art de

France (\961): 381-85.
Reviewing the exhibit, Triumph der Farbe, at the Orangerie of
Charlottenburg in 1959, Dorival objects to the general
impression given by the exhibit and its catalogue that German
Expressionism and French Fauvism were parallel movements
ARTICLES 389

in which the Gennan painters were not aware of the emerging

style of their French counterparts. Dorival cites the work of
Lothar Buchheim (1956), Peter Selz (1957), and Bernard Myers
(1956) in which evidence is given of the German painters
having seen Fauve work in shows in Germany. Dorival
indicates works by Kirchner, Pechstein, and Nolde which are
cIearly indebted to Matisse and to Vlaminck. He also reiterates
the unreliability of Kirchner's personal testimony as he is
known to have backdated paintings. He does not me an to
undennine the claim to originality and quality of the Gennan
painters but to set the historical record straight about the
precedent example of the French Fauves.

1214. Dorival, Bernard. "Preface." In Le Fauvisme jranrais et les

debuts de l'expressionnisme allemand. Paris and Munich:
Musee National d'Art Moderne and Haus der Kunst, 1966.
Exhibition catalogue. A condensed version in English as
Fauves and Expressionists. New York: Leonard Hutton
Galleries, 1968. Exhibition catalogue.
Dorival's succinct but mature evaluation of the nature of
Fauvism is a significant example of the state of Fauvism
studies at this time. Seeing Fauvism as the development of
"bright chromatism of Impressionism, the divided touch of
Neo-Impressionism, and the concern for a decorative style of
the Nabis," he lists Cezanne's contribution as weil: the
accentuating and simplfying of fonns, the constructive use of
color, the idea of painting as an autonomous architecture.
The author stresses the immediate influence of Gauguin and
the Neo-Impressionists (Luxe. calme et volupte was
exhibited), and minimizes that of Van Gogh--except for
Vlaminck. What the Fauves offered that was new was: the
cIear interest in non-Western art (African, Islamic); recognition
of color sensation as a bridge between the artist and spectator,
between the objective world and the subjective experience of it;
a pursuit of intensity through reductivism (Iess yielding more,
multiplication by subtraction); and a spirit of syncopation,
dissonance, vitally cIashing oppositions--the spirit of an age of
jazz and speed.
390 FAUVISM

1215. Dorra, Henri. "The Wild Beasts: Fauvism and Its Affinities at
the Museum of Modern Art." Art Journal 34, 1 (Fall 1976):
50-54.
An extended review of Elderfield's catalogue and the exhibit at
MoMA in 1976. Dorra mosdy applauds the richness of the
show and the analytic thoroughness of the catalogue essay but
finds fine points about which to debate or quibble. According
to the reviewer, not enough credit is given to the influence of
Neo-Impressionism or of Van Gogh; Japanese prints are
slighted as a source for some of Derain' sport scenes of 1905-
06; and the symbolist themes, encouraged by Gauguin's
example, are not treated in sufficient depth.

1216. Duthy, Robin. "Buy Fauves (If You Can)." Connoisseur

210 (May 1982): 126-7.
An intelligent summary of Fauvism followed by an
assessment of the market value of Fauve works. Still not as
expensive as impressionist paintings of comparable stature,
prices are steadily rising as the importance of this movement
of the first decade of the century is recognized as is the rarity of
good 1905-07 works.

1217. Elderfield, John. "The Garden and the City: Allegorical

Painting and Early Modernism." Museum oj Fine Arts
Houston. Bulletin 7. 1 (1979-80): 3-20.
Rich reflection on the passage of the pastoral idyll or allegory
of happiness from country scenes of the Fauves (and even
Cubists) be fore World War I to scenes of newly-constructed
metropolises as allegories of social progress. The utopia of the
garden, Elderfield demonstrates. was replaced by the utopia of
the modern industrial city.

1218. "Fauves and Post-Impressionists." Minneapolis Institute Bull.

42,4 (January 24. 1953): 17-18.
A two-page notice on the Fauve exhibition that had traveled
from the Museum of Modern Art in New York for its venue in
Minneapolis, January 22-February 22, 1953. Summarizes
ARTICLES 391

Rewald's catalogue essay and points to the availablity of the

catalogue and of George Duthuit's Fauvist Painters in the
museum store.

1219. Feuerring, Maximilian. "Henri Matisse und die Fauvisten."

Prisma 1,1 (November 1946): 15-17.
This well-illustrated artic1e appearing in German shortly after
the Second World War is a tribute to Matisse and the tradition
of Post-Impressionism forty years after the 1905 Salon
d' Automne. Author gives a knowledgeable analysis of the
fauve formal characteristics and some history of Matisse's
entire career. Matisse hirnself is quoted at some length and
saluted in his 76th year as a colorist and c1assicist.

1220. Fierens, Pau!. "Matisse e il fauvisme." Emporium 88

(October 1938): 195-208.
Substantial essay on Fauvism, conc1uding that Matisse has
remained faithful to the fundamental impulses of the
movement: brilliance of color, eloquence of the arabesque, and
independence from the perceived motif. Draws on Fry and
Sembat for insights into Matisse's project.

1221. Flam, lack D. "The Speil of the Primitive; in Africa and

Oceania Artists Found a New Vocabulary." Connoisseur 214
(September 1984): 124-31.
Author sketches the concept "primitive" at the turn of the
century as a catch-all idea containing elements of areturn to
nature, revulsion against industrialism, urbanism, and social
constraints, adesire to return to basic principles and to giving
free rein to the instincts. Since African art "history" was
unknown, the work seemedtimeless, symbolic, and universal
to Matisse's and Picasso's generation. The occasion of the
artic1e is the 'Primitivism' in 20th Century Art exhibition at
MoMA and the loan of works from the Musee d'Homme,
Paris, to the Center for African Art, New York.
392 FAUVISM

1222. Flam, lack D. "Matisse and the Fauves." In 'Primitivism' in

20th century Art: Affinity 0/ the TribaI and the Modem, 211-
240. Vol. I. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1984.
Flam' s account of the relation of African and Oceanic works to
the development of Matisse's style in sculpture and in painting
from 1905-1908 builds on and clarifies (and sometimes
corrects) the earlier pioneering work on the topic by Fraser,
Goldwater, Oppler, Wilkenson, and Laude. Although the
author also deals with Vlaminck and Derain, Matisse is the
focus of the article; Flam clarifies the relation of Jeannette V
to the Bambara sculpture Matisse had recently acquired. Also
discussed are paintings such as Portrait 0/ Mme Matisse of
1913 and Seated Woman of 1915. The author also deals with
the relation beween the late paper cut-outs and Oceanic motifs.
The indispensable articIe on this topic.

1223. Fraser, Douglas. "The Discovery of Primitive Art." Arts

Yearbook I (1957): 119-33.
Wide-ranging discussion of the history of the reception of
"primitive" or "barbarian" artifacts in the West. The author
posits the ability to "read" universal psychological elements
from both European and non-European art and, although he
coins the term "avant-garde-retardataire" for Worringer's ideas
of 1908, seems unaware of his own 1950s Western biases.
The comments on Matisse (a minor part of the essay) are
perceptive in some instances (e. g., on Music, Sketch of
1907) but based on dated research; the Bambara sculpture that
Matisse once owned is pictured and used as an example of a
type of African art but apparently without awareness that
Matisse owned it in 1916. While historically rich, the essay
is esthetically universalist and formalist.

1224. Garvey, Eleanor M. "Cubist and Fauve IIIustrated Books."

Gaz. beaux-arts 63 (January 1964): 7-50.
Primarily on cubist books published by Henri Kahnweiler.
Derain' s woodcut illustrations for Apollinaire' s L' enchanteur
pourrissant (1909) and Dufy's illustrations for the same
ARTICLES 393

writer's Le Bestiare are discussed. Matisse does not feature at

all in the treatment of these early book illustrations.

1225. Gassier, Pierre. "Les Fauves." In Manguin parmi les Fauves.

Martigny: Fondation Gianadda, 1983. Exhibition catalogue.
An essay valuable for Matisse scholars due to its wealth of
citations from letters to Manguin from Matisse around 1904-
06.

1226. George, Waldemar. "Le Mouvement Fauve." L'Art vivant

54 (March 15, 1927): 206-208.
George sees the Fauve movement as the crossroad of modern
painting, where optical painting is sacrificed to plastic
expression and a way cleared for "neo-Romanticism" and the
domain of the imagination. The author describes Fauvism as
the springboard for all of Matisse's later work and even terms
the proto-Fauve male nudes of c. 1901 the precursors of
Cubism.

1227. Gide, Andre. "Promenade au Salon d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-

arts (December 1905): 475-85.
A review strongly dependent on Maurice Denis's extended
comments on Matisse , no. 463, in which the laUer is accused
of being too theoretical and is warned to heed his instinctive
gifts.

1228. Gillet, Louis. "L' Atelier de Gustave Moreau: M. Henri

Matisse." In a longer series on "Trente ans de peinture au Petit
Palais," Revue des Deux Mondes 107 (July 15, 1937): 330-
337. Reprinted in Essais sur I 'art franrais. 475-85. Paris:
Flammarion, 1938.
Reviewing the current exhibition at the Petit Palais, Gillet
comments on Fauvism as a whole and on Matisse in
particular. Fauvism is viewed as a bit of theatre or sport played
out by artists in the role of enfants terribles in reaction to
Impressionism. The best of them used it as a spring board to a
classicism that was neither of the Ecole nor the Academie.
394 FAUVISM

Matisse's constant reinvention of his techniques, his self-

renovation, is praised in a highly laudatory review of Matisse's
fifty-work mini-retrospective then on view. The author is
familiar with the work of the austere period, 1908-1918 (and
the Barnes Mural), which he prizes and admits are not well
represented in the current show. Gillet uses some perceptive
metaphors: Matisse draws on his canvases by scratching lines
"like graffiti in chalk on a wall," he organises his canvas "like
a festival, like a little machine destined to ravish the senses
and calm the mind." If Gillet finds Matisse somewhat lacking
in emotion, tenderness, human sympathy, it is because the
artist's personal drama is entirely as an artist engaged in
artistic problems. As such, however, it has produced a
lifetime of art works worthy of the Louvre.

1229. Giry, Marcel. "Le Salon d'Automne 1905." L'Information

d'histoire de ['art (January-February 1968): 16-25. Summaries
in English and German.
A carefully researched article wh ich gives precise information
on the circumstances sUITounding the constitution of the Salon
d' Automne jury of 1905, an account of the artists on view, and
a very complete survey of the reviews of the exhibition. A
long and valuable footnote comprises a complete history of the
references to the origin of the designation "fauve"--a history
definitively corrected only in 1957 with Jean Leymarie's
statement in Le Fauvisme [po 13], no. 1184, that Vauxcelles
named them as such in print in Gil Blas, Gctober 17, 1905.
Giry demonstrates that the 1905 Salon d' Independants
identified the "colorists" to one another, the 1905 Salon
d' Automne identified them to the public as a tendency but that
it wasn't until 1906 that Fauvism became a movement.

1230. Giry, Marcel. "Le Style geometrique dans la peinture vers

1907, contribution au probleme du fauvisme comme source du
cubisme." In Le Cubisme, Travaux IV, 29-34. Saint-Etienne:
University of Saint-Etienne, c.1. E. R. E. c., 1973.
Finding it difficult to accept the position that Cubism, born of
the influences of Cezanne and African sculpture, owes nothing
ARTICLES 395

to Fauvism, Giry points to a geometricizing tendency among

the Fauves already in 1907 and earlier. But this geometrie
tendency favored cireles, ellipses, and spirals in a two-
dimensional planarity, as in Matisse's work. Derain
experimented with more triangular and trapezoid al shapes as
early as 1906. Giry summons all the two-dimensional
simplification and synthesis of form found in fauve work as
evidence of a proto-Cubist impulse in Fauvisrn--in French
painting more generally--that helps to acount for the early
plastic concerns of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, for example.
Fauve simplifications look back to Art Nouveau while Cubist
analysis looks forward to African influences, of course, but
both arise from (in Levi-Strauss's words) "the weakening of
the representational function of the work of art."

1231. Giry, Marcel. "Matisse et la naissance du fauvisme." Gaz.

beaux-arts 75, 112 (May 1970): 331-34.
Giry's seminal artiele on the development of Matisse's work--
hence, the development of the fundamental characteristics of
Fauvism--from 1904 to 1906. A elose visual analysis of the
works known to Giry supported by the knowledge of the
immediate stimuli present through Paris exhibitions and
friendships. Neo-Impressionism, according to Giry, helped
Matisse discover pure, autonomous color and the exarnples of
Ingres (sinuous line and rhythm) and Gauguin (flat, dense color
areas and the exotic) led hirn to invent his own manner of
creating space by the contrast of color planes synthesized with
elliptical drawing. This essay is found expanded in the
author's treatment of Matisse and the technique of Fauvism in
his 1981 study, Le Fauvism, son origines, son evolution, no.
1180.

1232. Giry, Marcel. "Le Salon des Independants de 1905."

L'Information d'histoire de I'art (May-June 1970): 110-14.
A detailed and carefully researched account of the committees,
members and exhibitors involved in the Societe des
Independants 1905 Salon. Giry gives an account of the artists
on view and a very complete survey of the reviews of the
396 FAUVISM

exhibition. Giry concludes that conservative critics saw the

show as the proof of the degeneration and anarchy of modern
art and that more progressive critics saw too great a diversity
and lack of direction in the work of the young--some
lamenting the cacaphony, others predicting a new era to arise
from it. Neo-Impressionism' s influence was noted, but with
regret, as too dry and rational; no incipient "colorist [Fauve]"
trend is remarked.

1233. Giry, Marcel. "Ingres and Fauvism." In Actes du Colloque

international Ingres et son influence, 55-60. Montauban,
1980.
Traces the influence of Ingres on Fauvism via the exhibition
of sixty-eight of his works at the Salon d' Automne. A
drawing for the Golden Age was undoubtedly seen by Matisse
who was beginning his Joy of Life.

1234. Golding, lohn. "Fauvism and the School of Chatou: Post-

Impressionism in Crisis." British Academy Proceedings 66
(1980): 85-102. First read as a paper in Aspects of Art series,
February 7, 1980.
Richly contextual study of the development of Fauvism in the
work of Vlaminck and Derain.

1235. Goldwater, Robert. "The Primitivism of the Fauves." In

Primitivism in Modern Art. Cambridge, Mass. and London:
Belknap Press, Harvard University, 1986, 86-103. Enlarged
and revised ed. of Primitivism in Modern Painting, 1938;
revised as Primitivism in Modern Art, 1966. Reprinted in
Major European Art Movements, 1900-1945,42-90. Edited by
Patricia E. Kaplan and Susan Manso. New York: E. P.
Dutton, 1977.
Unchanged from the 1938 edition, Robert Goldwater's pioneer
study classifies French Fauvism under the rubric Romantic
Primitivism (as opposed to the Emotional [German
Expressionism], Intellectual [Picasso, Cubism and
Constructivism], and Subconscious [Dada and Surrealism,
Child-cult artists such as Klee, Miro, and Dubuffetl forms of
ARTICLES 397

the modern "Primitive"). Placed under the heading with

Gauguin's Pont Aven "school," Fauvism is as much
nineteenth century as it is twentieth. Author posits that the
Fauves admired African art for its childish or crude qualities
(signs of authenticity and sincerity) and its mysterious or
undecipherable qualities (signs of its symbolic power or
charge), attributes derived from late nineteenth-century
aesthetic desiderata rather than the African works themselves
on their own terms. The Fauve retention of romantic elements
of the paradoxical themes of remoteness/intensity,
cosmological/ personal are common to the figure-in-nature
works of Gauguin, Hodler, and Munch. The Fauves, however,
have a new approach to color, facture, and degree of
simplification. An important, foundational assessment, still
timely after fifty years.

1236. Herbert, James D. "Painters and Tourists, Matisse and Derain

on the Mediterrranean Shore." In The Fauve Landscape, 152-
174. Edited by Judi Freeman. New York and Los Angeles:
Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Abbeville Press,
1990. Exhibition catalogue, no. 1179.
Author details the importance of the mediterranean coastal
towns such as St. Tropez and Collioure as tourist sites at the
turn of the century and the new, more natural, manner of
enjoying these towns (or villages). Landscape views which
merge village and surrounding countryside, native laborers and
urban visitors, blur the differences between them. The Fauve
painters, developing a "rustic," direct, unmediated style.
suggested an unmediated relationship with nature, no culture
intervening. Differing from symbolist or impressionist
approaches where the artist's individuality is projected onto the
scene, Fauve works imply that signs of expression are the very
product of the rustic scenes portrayed. Herbert also discusses
the Kantian idea of the sublime--nature controlled by the
thinking mind--in opposition to that of Burke--the mind in
awe of ungraspable nature. Also analyzed are the concepts of
the picturesque and the grande tradition of French landscape,
both functioning in service of a rhetoric of nationalism of the
period. An important, comprehensive treatment of the theme
398 FAUVISM

of the exhbition: that Fauve landscapes are not merely signs

of plastic experimentation, but that they are richly signifying
in political and social teims.

1237. Honeyman, T. J., "Les Fauves, Some Personal

Reminscences." Scottish Art Review 12,1 (1969): 17-20.
On the occasion of aDerain retrospective at the 1967
Edinburgh Festival of the arts, Honeyman reminisces about
his acquisition of the Glasgow Art Gallery's Blackfriars
Bridge, London of 1906 in Derain's fauvist style. A
delightful, anecdotal essay with unusual information, such as
the fact that Matisse's Head of a Young Girl {AntoinetteJ of
1919 was purchased for sixty pounds; fauve works be fore
World War II could be had for one hundred fifty pounds.

1238. Hoog, Michel. "La Direction des Beaux-Arts et les Fauves,

1903-1905." Arts de France III (1963): 363-66.
New documentary information on the State's policy on
purchasing the work of living artists from Salon and gallery
exhibitions, particularly as it changed in 1905 when Roger
Marx could influence decisions, that is, at the time of the first
notoriety of the Fauves.

1239. Hoog, Michel. "Fauves." Album No. 7 de la Collection

Pierre Levy. Paris: Mourlot, 1972. Reprinted in Pierre Levy,
Des Artistes et un collectionneur, 29-34. Paris: 1976.
Hoog states that even after sixty years, Fauvism remains a
shocking and disturbing kind of painting that is not accounted
for in the usual narrow histories of French art as that of good
taste and measured discipline. Without a theory, Fauvism
marks the maturity of plastic research begun years earlier in
the studio of Gustave Moreau and subsequently stimulated by
the Neo-Impressionists. The list of fauve-type painters will
always remain in dispute but not the heritage of painting by
colored planes. Author suggests the influence of non-realist,
visionary landscape painting and non-French sources such as
Munch and Ensor on the movement, as weil as Gauguin and
Cezanne. The pagan hedonism and joy expressed by means of
ARTICLES 399

commonplace subjects and sites will remain a lasting Fauve

strain in European painting. A nuanced and balanced
assessment of Fauvism wh ich places it in a European context.

1240. Humbert, Agnes. "Les Fauves et le Fauvisme." Jardin des

arts 12 (October 1955): 713-20.
On the occasion of the Matisse Retrospective at the 1955
Salon d' Automne and the fiftieth anniversary of Fauvism,
Humbert offers a historical overview of the fauve movement in
a fresh and unsentimental account. She bai an ces the
innovations of the movement against all the techniques and
attitudes it maintained from its post-impressionist forbears. A
general section is followed by a short treatment of each major
Fauve: Braque, Derain, Dufy, Friesz, Marquet, Matisse, van
Dongen, and Vlaminck. She suggests that the example of this
very French, sunlit style is still warm enough after fifty years
to ripen the works of young French artists of 1955.

1241. Huyghe, Rene. "Le Fauvisme: les coloristes" (97-102), "Le

Fauvisme: les peintres pathetiques" (129-132); and "Le
Fauvisme: le reveil des traditions" (153-156). In Rene Huyghe
and Germain Bazin, Histoire de ['art contemporaine. Paris:
Felix Alcan, 1935. Parts of chapters IV, V, and VI;
originally published in L 'Amour de ['an 7 (1933).
Huyghe introduces three chapters on Fauvism in this modern
survey. He distinguishes three aspects of Fauvism: the first is
the original, French version of Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck
which concentrates on color as a major expressive means of
purifying and clearing away bourgeois values in art. A
youthful movement, it returned to elementary "givens" of
painting and succeeded in its revolutionary aims. Matisse's
continued use of color is rational, charming, and calculated,
not truly personal or expressive. The second chapter deals with
the expressive Fauves, Vlaminck and Rouault, and with
Jewish artists for whom Fauvism offered a means to express
the emotionality and melancholy of their racial experience.
The last chapter sees Derain leading the former Fauves to new
interest in structure, composition, and synthesis, a balance
400 FAUVISM

between attention to the real and areturn to moderation and

instincL Matisse has in common with these latter artists--
Bonnard, Guerin, Laprade, d'Espagnat, Asselin--that he retains
an essentially bourgeois sensibility, although intellectualised
and purified.

1242. Jedlicka, Gotthard. "Le Fauvisme." In XXe siecle. Hommage

a Henri Matisse, 35-39. Paris: Cahiers d'Art, 1970; an extract
from Chronique du Jour, 1929.
An intelligent analysis of Fauvism from the point of view of
its debts to and divergences from Neo-Impressionism (system
of analysis) on the one hand, and Symbolism (system of
synthesis) on the other. A balanced view which avoids the
excessive aggrandisement of the movement which, in some
French writers, is more a function of chauvinism than
historical judgment.

1243. Lassaigne, Jacques. "Les Origines du Fauvisme." In

Panorama des Arts 1947, 60-65. Paris: Somogy, 1948.
On the occasion of a Gallery Bing exhibition on the "School
of Chatou," Lassaigne asks whether Fauvism arises more from
the "calculations and reasoning of Matisse and his friends" or
the "violent and instinctive explosions of Vlaminck and
Derain?" Although the latter two Chatou natives originally
worked with a Fauve vision that was more unified and intense,
they both abandoned the mode within a matter of years.
Matisse, Dufy, Marquet, and Frieze, on the other hand, used
the mode as part of a conscious evolution in their work, a
point of departure toward a more abstract creation.

1244. Lassus, Jean deo "Les Fauves." L'Amour de ['art 6 (June

1927): 209- 1 1.
Author briefly summarizes Fauvism ("a passage, not a
school," having Van Gogh and Cezanne as its romantic and
classic forebears) before reviewing the Fauve exhibit at the
Galerie Bing. Lassus writes briefly but with great insight on
the works on view by individual Fauves. Of Matisse the
author readily admits that his best Fauve work was in Moscow
ARTICLES 401

but comments on The Gypsy, Tulips, Young Girl Reading,

among others. He points out that Matisse's gift is to be
entirely concerned with relationships (of color, form, and line)
and to make flat areas of color create the sensation of depth.
Since Seurat, he is the most astonishing colorist modernism
has produced. Fauvism, de Lassus claims, was concerned with
"construction, the object [painting] in itself," and thus led to
Cubism.

1245. Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude. "Sol." Scolies, Cahiers de

recherehes de l'Ecole Normal Superieure (Paris: P.U.F.,
1971), vol. I, 95-122; vol. 2, 89-114.
Lebensztejn uses the art historical literature on Fauvism and
German Expresssionism to point up the inadequacy of an art
history praxis that is concerned exclusively with classifications
of "movements" (schools, tendencies, styles) and that is
blighted by nationalism, loose psychological interpretations,
biography, and other contradictory and vague methodologies.
He proposes rather to examine the systems that artworks
deploy and to place these system-transformations in a
synchronic framework. For Fauvism and German
Expessionism the chronological framework is 1905-1910 and
concerns the emergence of a new system that rejects
representation for non-objectivity or abstraction. Calling for a
more rigorous structuralist methodology in art history and
condemning the present "taxonomic" methods of art historians,
Lebensztejn accuses art history of atomizing the history of
twentieth-century art into separate and unconnected "-isms" in
order to minimize the scandal, the true revolution, wrought by
the advent of abstraction around 1910. Abstract art questions
both the entire principle of representation and, by that,
painting itself. Lebensztejn, in this comprehensive critique of
the ground ("sol") of art historical method, offers as weil a
brilliant analysis of how Matisse (and, to a lesser extent, his
colorist peers) moved painting into the pre-stage of
abstraction, procuring its conditions, while drawing back from
its ultimate consequences. An important, influential artic\e.
402 FAUVISM

1246. Lehmann, Leon. "L' Art vecu, souvenirs du temps des

Fauves." Beaux-arts 134 (July 1926): 2; 135 (August 2,
1935): 2.
A reminiscence with special emphasis on Matisse and
Rouault.

1247. Leymarie, Jean. "11 Fauvismo." In L'Arte Moderna. 201-20.

3 vols. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1967-68-69.
A balanced summary of ideas and historical narrative already
developed in Leymarie's 1957 book, Le Fauvisme.

1248. Linnebach, Gabrielle. "La Brücke et le Fauvisme, une querelle

depassee." In Paris-Berlin. 70-77. Paris: Centre Georges
Pompidou, 1978. Exhibition catalogue.
An essay that attempts to put the quarrel between the mutual
influences of young French and German expressionists to rest
by finding a position between the idea of complete French
dominance and influence and that of little or no influence of
Fauves upon the Brücke artists. Admitting a certain priority
to the French, the author gives a more nuanced analysis of the
way the Germans developed, in which the fauve example is
merely one of many possibilities integrated by the Germans
into their highly individual styles.

1249. Longhi, R. "Preface." In I Fauves. Venice: Twenty-Fifth

Biennale, 1950. Exhibition catalogue.
Abrief, but vividly written, introduction to the Fauve
paintings in the Biennale exhibition, in which the writer
ac cords the short-lived movement a firmly revolutionary
character in relation to late nineteenth-century trends and even
when compared to Cubism. Dominating the first decade of the
century, its brilliance was a cIarion call to the changes that
followed.

1250. Meyer, Franz. "Introduction." In Henri Matisse. Twenty

Important Paintings. Zurich: Marlborough Fine Arts. 1971.
Exhibition Catalogue.
ARTiCLES 403

Meyer interpretes Matisse's Fauve painting as the beginning

of the functioning of color and form as vehicles for a wholly
visual experience-- one of perceptual scanning that provides the
pulsebeat of an active experience. The optical spatiality of
Matisse's work 'is consistent throughout his work and
particularly influential on contemporary artists such as Kelly
and Stella. The "twenty important paintings" in the show are
each briefly discussed in the light of the author's thesis.

1251. Mullaly, Terence. "The Fauves." Apollo 64 (December

1956): 184-89.
Workmanlike discussion of Fauve artists; unfortunately
confuses Matisse's Luxe land II of 1907 with the pointillist
Luxe, calme et volupte of 1904, a common misunderstanding
before Barr straightened it out in 1951.

1252. Myers, Bernard. "Matisse and the Fauves." American Artist

15,7 (December 1951): 70-72+.
On the occasion of the Matisse Retrospective at the Museum
of Modern Art in New York, the author provides an accessible
general explanation of Fauvism for a broad public, explaining
its sources in Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gauguin. In the case of
Matisse, a pronounced leaning on Oriental sources i~ noted in
the use of outlines, bold color, and flatness of form. Myers
finds Matisse's Bathers with a Turtle more brutal and less
anecdotal than Gauguin's Tahitian scenes; so me discussion of
Rouault, Van Dongen, and Derain.

1253. Nakayama, Kimio. "The Dawn of Modern Painting: Fauvism

and its Affinities." Mizue 855 (June 1976): 21-9. In
Japanese, English summary.
On the occasion of the Museum of Modern Art's Fauvism and
Its Affinities show, the author traces the arrival of Fauve
influences into Japan in the 1920s, along with the introduction
more generally of French modern painting into the country.
Article is preceded by fifteen pages of illustrations of Fauve
paintings from the exhibition.
404 FAUVISM

1254. Ozenfant, Amedee [Vauvrecy]. "Les Fauves, 1900-1907."

L'Esprit Nouveau 16 (1920): 1871-2.
In aseries on the history of modern painting, Fauvism is
inserted between Impressionism and Cubism as characterized
by "romanticism, taste for vivid and contrasting color,
truculence, turbulence, aggressivity, exasperation,
emancipation, off-the-mark, red flag, anarchist, sensuality of
color and of touch," in a word, the youthful style of every
gifted painter. Those for whom it is a lifelong manner are
Matisse, Van Dongen, Rouault, Vlaminck, Friesz, and Le
Fauconnier. Early Cezanne and Van Gogh are named fathers of
the movement; Gauguin's "pale exoticism" is discounted as an
"unmerited fad." An artic\e devoted to Matisse followed in the
next issue.

1255. Pancera, M. Bertello. "Note sull'arte de Henri Matisse." Arte

I (September 1930): 477-89.
A general treatment of Matisse's work under the label "Fauve,"
drawing freely from Matisse's own comments in "Notes of a
Painter" (1908).

1256. Perry, Gill. "The Decorative and the 'culte de la vie': Matisse
and Fauvism." In Primitivism, Cubism. and Abstraction. The
Early Twentieth Century. 46-82. Edited by CharIes Harrison,
Francis Frascina, and Gill Perry. New Haven and London:
Yale University Press and Open University, 1993.
Perry discusses Fauvism as an aspect of the discourse on the
"primitive," the "decorative," and the "expressive" in which
German Expressionism also participated. Challenged are the
origins of Fauvism in 1905 and the allegedly totally negative
response to Fauve works that the later literature posits as a
sign of their revolutionary nature. Author discusses in a
balanced way the relation of the "impetuosity" of the style (and
its related attitudes) to a position of social or political
radicalism and also to the colonialist attitudes inherent in the
exoticised view of African culture. The tension between the
decorative / abstract and the figurative / meaningful--even to
ARTICLES 405

Greenberg's formulation in the 1950s--is also explored.

Comparison is made with German Expressionism.

1257. Platte, Hans. "Introduction." In Matisse und Seine Freunde--

Les Fauves. Hamburg: Kunstverein in Hamburg, 1966.
Exhibition catalogue.
A fine summary of the history of Fauvism with all of its
difficulties of definition and characterization. The author
gives a nuanced historical account of the tendencies that led up
to the coming together of a group and an exhibition that
allowed the tendency to be named. Author notes that
Vauxcelles called the group "Marquet and Company" at first,
underscoring the point that line as weH as color were involved
from the beginning. Platte conc\udes that the Fauves were
able to sharpen--through their use of self-sufficient color and
line--the latent expression that underlies the appearance of
things.

1258. Puy, Michel. "Les Fauves." La Phalange (November 15,

1907): 450-59. Reprinted in L'Effort des Peintres Modernes.
61-78. Paris: Messein, 1933.
An early review of the Fauves by the brother of one of them,
Jean Puy. A first-hand account by a sensitive observer.
Knowing Matisse's temperament, he fortifies the notion of
Fauve vehemence in expression by noting that Matisse is
driven by an "internal force that he knows poorly," but which
impelled hirn to seek in his painting the psychological calm
that a resolved work of art can provide to anxiety-prone
modems.

1259. Reidemeister, Leopold. "Preface." In Le Fauvismefranr;ais et

les debuts de l'expressionnisme allemand. Paris and Munieh:
Musee National d' Art Moderne and Haus der Kunst, 1966.
Exhibition catalogue. A condensed version in English in
Fauves and Expressionists. New York: Leonard Hutton
Galleries, 1968. Exhibition catalogue.
In an essay parallel to that of Bernard Dorival's on the Fauves
in the same catalogue, Reidemeister stresses the self-taught
406 FAUVISM

nature of the Brücke members' works, their romantic desire to

form a community of artists, their conscious defiance of
tradition. After treating the independents, Christi an Rohlfs and
Paula Modersohn-Becker, the author briefly sketches the
activities of the Blue Rider artists from Munich. Rei.demeister
hopes young artists are now mature enough not to deny
national differences between schools of artists by denying the
fecund diversity of early modemism.

1260. Rewald, John. "An Introduction to the Fauve Movement." In

Les Fauves. New York: Museum of Modem Art, distributed
by Simon and Schuster, 1953. Exhibition catalogue.
A sober and careful treatment of the development of Fauvism
from its impressionist and post-impressionist roots by an
eminent scholar of these two laUer movements. Dated in
some details and emphases, it is still asolid history which
makes good use of Barr's monograph on Matisse published
two years earlier.

1261. Rosset, David. "Les Fauves dans les collections suisses." La

Galerie des arts 16 (May 1964): 22-6.
On the occasion of an exhibition in Lausanne of masterworks
from Swiss collections, the author selects the Fauve works as
the occasion to instruct his readers on the movement. Dating it
from 1900-1907, Rosset claims Fauvism is less the result of
the influence of absolutely new ideas than the repudiation of
certain traditions: cIassical perspective, drawing, and modeled
local color. The artists involved around 1906, the apogee of
the movement, changed and diverged in their mature styles so
that the art critic, like a card player, must reshuffle the deck to
account for their place in the history of art in later years.
Rosset also discusses the reason for such high-quality Fauve
works in such great quantity in Swiss collections. ArticIe is
weil illustrated with works that have individual side-bar
information.

1262. Rouault, Georges. "Evocations." In Chroniques du Jour

(April 1931): 8-9; reprinted in XXe Siede. Hommage a Henri
ARTICLES 407

Matisse, 5. Edited by G. di San Lazzaro. Paris: XXe SiecIe,

1970.
A poetic and playful evocation of the art situation around 1900
in which not much is said of Fauvism nor of Matisse, though
the author praises the latter's Moroccan paintings and his
respect for the masters of the Louvre.

1263. Salmon Andre. "Les Fauves." In La Jeune Peinture Franr,;aise,

9-40. Paris: Societe des Trente, Albert Messein, 1912.
In this mostly scornful account, Picasso's admirer Salmon
credits Matisse with some audacity around 1900 in having
researched light by way of color but finally condemns hirn for
sacrificing line to color, for being incoherent in the
development of his style, for repeating hirnself, and finally for
having merely "skilI, quick assimilation, an easily acquired but
limited science, feminine gifts." He has a minor taste, that of
a "modiste, his love for color amounts to a love of dress
sampies [chiffons]." His students are foreigners of second
rank, most of whom have returned horne to give French
painting a vaudevilIe turn in Berlin, Moscow or Scandinavia.
Though he has something in hirn of the great painter, Salmon
admits, Matisse is now an isolate--sterile, and of no
consequence.

1264. Salmon, Andre. "Vingtieme siecIe." In L'Art vivant. Paris:

Cres & Cie, 1920.
For alI Matisse's questioning of Impressionism's weaknesses,
for alI his researches into color, for alI his discoveries, the
author judges that Matisse has never been freed from the
chains of the decorative, from approaching the dressmaker' s
dOOf. To his credit, Matisse first recognized the countersigns
of those who would oppose his approach to art-by-sensibility.
Salmon admits that he had combatted Matisse in the pre-War
years because he saw hirn, until the triumph of Picasso's
superior gifts, as a dangerous master for the young.

1265. Salmon, Andre. "Les Fauves et le fauvisme." Art vivant

(May I, 1927): 321-24.
408 FAUVISM

A picaresque reminiscence of the "time of Fauvism" rather

than an essay on the movement, which, Salmon claims, had
no common doctrine but consisted of friends with a common
taste for vehemence, destruction, and rawness. Matisse,
"theoretician of Colored Volumes," is barely mentioned,
except as one who in those days (before Cubism) was
considered the leader of all free modern painting.

1266. Salmon, Andre. "Naissance du Fauvisme." L'Amour de I'art

(May 1933). Reprinted in Rene Huyghe, ed., Histoire de I'art
contemporain: la peinture, 103-05. Paris: Alcan, 1935.
Salmon colorfully evokes the pre-war period and ruefully
submits to the notion of a fauve group, although he broadens
it to include artists as diverse as Girieud, Chabaud, Verhoeven,
Tobeen, Lhote, and Delaunay in the list. He also privileges
Matisse's students as messengers of Fauvism to Central
Europe and founders of the School of Paris. He dates the
movement from 1903 to 1908, when Cubism--which owes
something to Fauvism--was born. Revolutionary in some
sense, Fauves finally wanted to return painting to its c1assical
traditions. Salmon's vivid summary of the Belle Epoque,
itself retrospectively colored in the gay hues of Fauvism, is
followed by a more factual history of the movement compiled
by Germain Bazin.

1267. Sutton, Denys. "Aspects ofthe Venice Biennale: The Fauves."

Burlington Mag. (September 1950): 263-65.
In a review of the Fauves' exhibit at the Venice Biennale,
Sutton characterizes the commonality of a diverse group by
their youth and enthusiasm, their determination to "evolve a
new and vital manner of painting," their reliance on intuition,
and their eclecticism (drawing from diverse sources, both
European and eastern). He points out their attitude as a
continuation of the symbolist tradition of poetic abstraction.
Also noted is both Matisse's and Marquet's early dependence
on Vuillard. Each artist is commented upon in turn, and
Sutton acknowledges the international impact of Fauvism
ARTICLES 409

which was perhaps more important and longer-Iasting outside

France than in Paris.

1268. Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Salon des Independants." Gil Blas

(March 20, 1906).
Vauxcelles responds to Matisse's Joy of Life painting at the
Independents by accusing hirn, in Denis's terms, of being too
theoretical in his attempt to attain the "highest synthesis," that
is, of falling prey to the dangers of "simplification and
inadequacy, schematism, and emptiness."

1269. Vauxcelles, Louis. "Les Fauves, APropos de L'exposition de

la Gazette des beaux-arts." Gaz. beaux-arts 12 (\934): 273-82.
Vauxcelles recounts the origins of the tags "Fauvism" and
"Cubism"--both connected to Matisse--while disparaging the
importance of such labels. Defining Fauvism as areaction
against Impressionism by painting in pure flat areas of color,
with simple and expressive shapes that are outlined and
unmodeled, he then proceeds artist by artist in a colorful,
anecdotal analysis of each one' s qualities. (Rouault,
distinguished from the others, is termed the leader of French
Expressionism.) Vauxcelles implies that many of the former
Fauves have sold out their heroism, bowed to public taste, and
are no Ion ger as honest and intense as they once were.

1270. Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Fauvisme aChatou." Art-Documents,

Geneva (July-August 1951): 4-6.
Author claims Matisse as the Prince of the Fauves, but not
their Father. The whole thesis of this essay is to claim
Vlaminck as the premier et fons of the movement. The
author quotes extensively from Vlaminck's own published
claims to this priority, and from another manuscript that the
artist reads aloud to hirn. The message is that Vlaminck, more
than any other of the Fauves, is one by temperament and
continues to be so in spite of the loss of a high-colored
palette. This article is substantially the first chapter of
Vauxcelles's 1958 book, Le Fauvisme, no. 1195.
410 FAUVISM

1271. Viazzi, Glauco. "Fauvismo." Domus 203 (November 1944):

419-22.
An article consisting mostly of illustrations of the major
Fauves with a general overview text drawn from available
sourees.

1272. Vlaminck, Maurice. "Avec Derain, nous avons cree le

Fauvisme." Jardin les arts (June 1955): 473.
An article in which Vlaminck attempt to rewrite or at least
distort history in order to place himself and Derain as central
and originating agents of the new movement, independent of
Matisse. An excerpt from his book. Portraits avant dices
(Paris: F1ammarion, 1943).

1273. Whitfield, Sarah. "Fauvism" (1967). In Concepts 0/ Modern

Art, 14-32. Edited by Tony Richardson and Nikos Stangos.
Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1974. and New York:
Harper and Row, !con Editions, 1974.
A wise and remarkably complete overview of a moment (1904-
07) that was, for all but Matisse. a transitional stage in the
careers of a handful of painters. Limiting herself to Matisse,
Derain, and Vlaminck, with some attention paid to Rouault
and Braque, the author disengages the movement from the
hyperbole of exaggerated claims without slighting its real
contribution to the post-impressionist development of
independent painting.

1274. Zervos, Christian. "Le fauvisme." In Histoi're de l'art

contemporain. 113-38. Paris: Cahiers d' Art, 1933.
Zervos' summary of this movement in the context of a larger
survey of major twentieth-century movements.
 VII

Collections and Collectors

1275. Coulonges, Henri. "Les Premiers eolleetionneurs de Matisse."
Jardin des arts 186 (May 1970): 22-31.
A well-illustrated aeeount of Matisse's earliest eolleetors--
Sembat, the Steins, Shehukin and Morosov, Quinn, Tetzen-
Lund and Sagen, and Barnes, to whom the author attributes a
eertain kind of "genius" to have appreeiated these bold works
so early in the eentury.

1276. Vineent, HeU:ne. La collection Agutte-Sembat du Musee de

Grenoble, historique et catalogue. Lyon: Maitrise d'histoire
d'art, Universite de Lyon, 1975.
A earefuI aeeount of the history of the eolleetion and a
seholarly eatalogue of the eolleetion.

1277. Kuh, Katherine, and Daniel Catton Rieh, eds. Twentieth

Century Art, Arensberg Collection. Chieago: The Art
Institute of Chieago, 1949. Exhibition eatalogue.

Elegantly designed sm all eatalogue of the first publie showing

of nearly all of the famous Louise and Walter Arensberg
eolleetion; short essays by Kuh and Rieh.

1278. Great French Paintings fram the Barnes Foundation,

Impressionist, Post-impressionist, and Early Modern. New
York: Knopf and Lineoln University Press, 1993. Exhibition
eatalogue.

411
412 COLLECIlONS AND COLLECfORS

Luxury catalogue to accompany selections from the Barnes

Foundation collection on its first traveling tour. Of note are
the essays: "Dr. Barnes and the Barnes Foundation" by Richard
J. Wattenmaker, "Dr. Barnes in Paris" by Anne Distel, and the
entries on the fourteen important Matisse paintings that
include Joy of Life, the Three Sisters Triptych, and the mural,
Dance. A longer entry can be found in Exh.Cat.: Washington,
D.C. 1993.

1279. Greenfeld, Howard. The Devil and Dr. Harnes: Portrait of an

American Art Collector. New York, London: Viking
Penguin, 1987; London: Boyars, 1989.
The most complete and ace urate biographical account of the
collector's life and career as adefender of modern art and
founder of his own Barnes Foundation. Corrects previous
tendentious accounts and is especially accurate with respect to
the history of Barnes's relation to Matisse and the mural
commlSSlOn.

1280. Hart, Henry. Dr. Harnes of Merion, An Appreciation. New

York: 1963.
A not-disinterested account of Dr. Barnes' s life and
achievements by a man who ended up as an editor at Scribner' s
but started out as a local reporter who met Barnes at the age of
twenty-three and remained his life-Iong friend.

1281. Schack, William. Art and Argyrol, The Life and Career of Dr.
Albert C. Harnes. New York and London, 1960.
One of the earliest biographies of Albert Barnes, with a
chapter, "Pertaining to Matisse Mostly," that is replete with
eITors. Most are cOITected in Greenfeld's book, no. 1279.
1282. Donnell, Courtney Graham. "Frederic Clay and Helen Birch
Bartlett: The Collectors." The Art Institute of Chicago
Museum Studies 12, 2 (1986): 85-102.
In an issue of this journal devoted entirely to the Helen Birch
Bartlett Collection at the Art Institute of Chicago, the author
provides a general overview of the couple's collecting pattern
COLLECIlONS AND COLLECIDRS 413

and history of their relation to the Art Institute. The issue

also includes Catherine C. Bock's article on the two Matisse
works in the collection, "Woman before an Aquarium and
Woman on a Rose Divan; Matisse in the Helen Birch
Bartlett Collection." See the summary of the article under
Individual Works, no. 973.

1283. Lee, Thomas P. The Collection of lohn A. and Audrey lones

Beck: Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings.
Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1975.
An exhibition catalogue with scholarly apparatus on the works
in this collection.

1284. Tinterow, Gary. "Heinz Berggruen collectionneur."

Collection Berggruen. Geneve: Fondation GenevArt, 1988.
Exhibition catalogue.
A long catalogue essay on the career of the German-born
collector-dealer, Heinz Berggruen. A naturalized American
citizen, he worked at the San Francisco Museum of Art and,
after World War II, at Unesco in Paris and finally as a dealer in
rare books and art works. In 1953, his gallery, Berggruen &
Cie., was responsib1e for making Matisse's cut-paper work
more weil known through a major exhibition of them in that
year. He regularly showed works by Matisse and produced
unusually handsome catalogues to accompany them.

1285. Alexandre, Arsene. "La Collection Canonne." La

Renaissance de l' art franrais 13, 4 (April 1930): 85- 108.
An article which muses on the affinities between works in a
single collection. Matisse's Still Life: Les Pensees de Pascal
was in the Canonne Collection and is illustrated.

1286. Lipman, Jean H. "Matisse Paintings in the Stephen C.

Clark Collection." Art in America 22 (October 1934): 134-
44.
A descriptive analysis of the artist's style leading up to the
Nice manner (1917-25), the period of most of the works in
414 COLLECI10NS AND COLLECfORS

Clark's collection. Each of the latter is given abrief analytic

commentary; they inc1ude: Goldfish and Sculpture (1911),
Interior with Victrola (1924), Still Life with Shrimps (1921),
and White Plumes (1919).

1287. The Cone Collection of Baltimore-Maryland; Catalogue of

Paintings-Drawings-Sculpture of the Nineteenth and Twentieth
Centuries. Lucerne: Siegfried Rosengart, 1934.
An early checklist with black and white illustrations of works
in the collection published by Etta Co ne with the assistance of
her relative, the dealer Siegfried Rosengart.

1288. The Cone Collection. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of

Art, 1967. Revised edition of The Handbook of the Cone
Collection. Baltimore, 1955. Preface by Charles Parkhurst,
Director; Foreword by George Boas; the essays "Paintings,
Watercolors and Pastels" and "Sculpture" by Gertrude
RosenthaI, Chief Curator; and "Drawings and Prints" by
Adelyn D. Breeskin.
Boas's essay teIls discreetly something of the lives lived by
the genteel Cone sisters and their brot her Ferdinand, although
he concentrates on the boldness of their foray into collecting
modern art long before other conventional American collectors
did so. Author points to the spirit of questioning that was
abroad in science, politics, and the arts in the pre-World War I
period and, minimizing the influence of the Steins on the
Cones's taste, asserts that the Cones maintained this open and
questioning attitude until their deaths. The RosenthaI and
Breeskin essays are running commentaries on the respective
works and the history of their acquisition. These are updated
in the 1967 edition; otherwise the articles are reproduced from
the 1955 Handbook.

1289. Richardson, Brenda. Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta: The Cone
Collection of the Baltimore Museum of Art. BaItimore: The
Baltimore Museum of Art, 1985. Foreward by Arnold L.
Lehman, "Two Women" by Gertrude Stein, "Dr. Caribel and
Miss Etta" by Brenda Richardson; also an Annotated
COLLECflONS AND COLLECfORS 415

Chronology of the Cone Acquisitions and a List of the

Matisse Painting and Sculpture in the Cone Collection.
This catalogue, richly illustrated and beautifully designed, is as
much about the remarkable Cone sisters themselves as their
collection. The latter, donated in 1950 and dedicated in its new
wing in 1957, not only inc1udes master work of French
modemism, but textiles, ivories, African Art, Japanese prints,
oriental rugs, and much more. Of great importance are the
Cone Archives--correspondence, diaries, c1ippings, and so on--
which round out the bequest. The Foreword by Lehman details
this history of their collecting habits and acquisitions. The
fascinating account by Richardson benefits from new archival
material and, among other things, recounts in detail the
purchases by the Cones, the role of Michael Stein in
negotiating purchases from the Gertrude Stein collection, gives
an accurate list of such treasures as the MaIlarme material from
Matisse's book, Poesies de Stephan Mal/arme. The personal
lives and customs of these vivid women are brought to life in
Richardson's brilliant essay, with a wealth of social and
psychological insight on their intimate lives as weil as their
attitudes toward their possessions.

1290. Cone, Edward T. "The Miss Etta Cones, the Steins, and
M'sieu Matisse." The American Scholar 42, 3 (Summer
1973): 441-60.
An affectionate reminiscence by a fond nephew of his aunts,
the Cone sisters, Claribel and Etta, the Steins, Michael, Sarah
and Leo, and the artist whose work they collected, Henri
Matisse. Charmingly anecdotal, but with perceptive insights
and telling quotes.

1291. Werner, Alfred. "Osthaus and the Folkwang Museum."

Arts Mag. 38,5 (February 1964): 35-41.
A history of the Hagen and Essen museums that does not
stress Matisse's early connections with Osthaus but is
illustrated by the former's Still Life with Asphodels.
416 COLLECI10NS AND COLLECfORS

1292. George, Waldemar. "La Collection Fukushima." La

Renaissance de l'artfran~ais 13,3 (March 1930): 102-108.
A survey of the collection of French modems by Fukushima
who owned works from the early Nice period, including Still
Life with PIaster Bust, Girl with Mandolin. Woman Reading
in aLandscape wh ich are illustrated. George has a superficial
line or two about these works in a survey which touts the taste
and focus of the collection.

1293. Museum of Living Art, A. E. Gallatin Collection. New

York: New York University, 1940.
A catalogue of this collection of modern art which moved from
its New York University site to the Philadelphia Museum of
Art in 1943. Gallatin writes of his collection in the
introduction; James Johnson Sweeney has a brief essay on the
paintings. There are but three prints and one Matisse painting
in the collection.

1294. Lieberman, William S., ed. Twentieth-Century Modern

Masters: The Jacques and Natasha Gelman Collection. New
York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Abrams, 1989.
An elegantly produced catalogue of this collection with
scholarly catalogue by Sabine Rewald and contributions by
specialists in the field. An especially fine commentary on
Sailor 11 (1906), no. 935, by Pierre Schneider is included as
weil as his more general essay, "The Gelmans and the
Fauves."

1295. Dorival, Bernard. "Musee National d' Art Moderne: Le Legs

Gourgaud." Rev. du Louvre 17,2 (1967): 93-102.
An earlier article on the Picasso paintings (Revue du Louvre,
1966) in the Gourgaud collection, and a still earlier note on
Matisse's Portrait of Mme Gourgaud (Bulletin des Musees de
France. April 1947), that had been bequeathed to the national
Musee National d' Art Moderne, left only Matisse's Interior
with a Goldfish Bowl of 1914 to be dealt with in this article
on the work of Bonnard, Matisse, Braque, and Leger recently
COLLECflONS AND COLLECfORS 417

donated by Baroness Gourgaud to the French Museum of

Modern Art.

1296. Picard, Denis, with Arnaud Carpentier. "Grenoble, Un musee

toujours pionnier." Connaissance arts 502 (January 1994):
36-49.
An extended article, weil illustrated, on the new addition to the
Musee de Grenoble; included is a history of the museum
and its collections--including that of the Sembats, rich in
Matisses. The direction of the museum 's programs and
acquisitions under Serge Lemoine is detailed.

1297. Klein, John, and Janet Bishop. Matisse and Other Modern
Masters, The Elise S. Haas Collection. San Francisco: San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1993. Exhibition
Catalogue. Introduction by John Lane; "When Worlds
Collide, Matisse's Femme au Chapeau and the Politics of the
Portrait" by John Klein; and "Highlights of the Collection"
by Janet Bishop.
There is an illustrated checklist of the collection including four
important Fauve period oils by Matisse that were once in the
Sarah and Michael Stein Collection: Woman with the Hat,
Landscape: Broom, final oil sketch for Joy 0/ Life, and
Portrait 0/ Sarah Stein. Also in the collection are three early
sculptures, three drawings, and an etching. The commentary
on certain important paintings by Bishop is full and sensitive;
Klein's important essay on Woman with Hat is detailed under
nO.984.

1298. Braun, Emily, with Julie Blaut and others. The Hillman
Family Collection: Manet to Matisse. New York: Hillman
Family Collection, distributed by Seattle: University of
Washington Press, 1994.
Well-documented and illustrated scholarly catalogue on the
collection; there are only two Matisse drawings and one
painting, The Pineapple of 1948, presently in the collection.
Works once owned by the Hillmans are also pictured and
documented, including two Matisse works.
418 COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS

1299. Young, Mahonri Sharp. "Ferdinand Howald: The Art of the

Collector (Letter from Columbus, Ohio)." Apollo 90
(October 1969): 340-43.
A complete account of Howald's career as a collector, the
prices of his acquisitions, and the demonstration of his taste
which included many Americans (for example, twenty-eight
lohn Marin and twenty-eight CharIes Demuth paintings) and
significant French artists (five Matisses, five Picassos, seven
Derains).

1300. "The Juviler and Erickson Collections at Auction." Arts

Mag. 36 (October 1961): 54-55.
Notes the Parke-Bernet auctions of these collections in October
and November; iIlustrates Matisse's Deux Femmes sur une
Terrasse (1925) in the collection of Mr. and Mrs. Adolphe A.
Juviler of New York and Palm Beach to be auctioned.

1301. Woods. Willis F. "The Kamperman Collection." Bult.

Detroit Art Inst. 44, I (1965): 7-18.
A survey of a collection of mostly School of Paris paintings
and works by Michigan artists given by the Kampermans to
the Detroit Institute; Matisse's Black Ribbon of the early
1920s is illustrated as weil as a lithograph Dancer Seated.

1302. Frankfurter, Alfred, ed. The Albert D. Lasker Collection,

Renoir to Matisse. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957.
Catalogue of the collection with introduction by Frankfurter
and individual commentary on the works by Wall ace
Brockway.

1303. du Plessix. Franeine. "The Albert Lasker Collection," Art

in America 56,2 (March-April, 1968): 52-59.
A lavish photographie spread in color of Albert and Mary
Lasker's New York apartment, which houses their notable
collection of modern art. The minimal text contains a good
deal of information, much supplied by Mary Lasker in arecent
COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS 419

interview. Matisse's work is highlighted, both in the photos

and text.

1304. "Modern Art and Modern Taste: The Albert D. Lasker

Collection." Art News Annual 27 (1958): 35-36.
An artic\e wh ich "sampies" several works from the Lasker
collection, reproducing them in a new seven-color offset
process done in Europe, and accompanying them with short
statements by the artist. Matisse's Interior with Phonograph,
Selfportrait (1923), and Flowering Ivy (1941) are reproduced
with a short excerpt from the 1936 interview with Teriade
entitled "Constance du Fauvisme."

1305. Kelder, Diane. Masters of the Modern Tradition: Selections

from the Collection of Samuel J. and Ethel LeFrak. New
York: LeFrak Organization, 1988.
Primarily a collection of post-impressionists and modern
French artists, a group of major works from the LeFrak
Collection is highlighted in this catalogue with scholarly
documentation.

1306. Levy, Pierre. "Henry Matisse." In Des Artistes et un

Collectionneur. Paris: Flammarion, 1976.
The history of the purchase of two Matisse paintings (and the
loss of one of them) by the collector, Pierre Levy, who also
collected primarily the work of Fauve painters, of Maurice
Marinot, and of Roger de la Fresnaye. Includes an account of a
short visit to Matisse in 1942 and abrief biography of the
artist.

1307. Piexotto, Mary H. "Famous Art Collections: The Lewisohn

Collection." Studio 117 (March 1939): 95-107.
Richly illustrated (in black and white) with works from the
Lewisohn collection, this artic\e has a running narrative and
quotes from Lewisohn's book Painters and Personality (New
York: Harper & Brothers, 1939) used as commentary to the
paintings.
420 COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS

1308. Chatelet, Albert. "Musee des Beaux-Arts de Lilie:

Quatre annees d'acquisitions d'oeuvres contemporaines." Rev.
du Louvre 18, 6 (1968): 423-30.
Recounts the attempts by an association of the Friends of
Contemporary Art to increase the museum's modern holdings.
Although Matisse was from the region, the museum owns
only a drawing, Etude de jemme devant une draperie of c.1909
(illustrated), a 1940s charcoal drawing of a woman's face, and a
copy of the artist's book Jazz.

1309. Dorival, Bernard. "Musee National d'Art Moderne, La

Donation Lung." Rev. du Louvre 11,3 (1961): 148-52.
Details the recent donation of Mme Frederic Lung to the
museum, of which Matisse's Interieur ii Nice, La Sieste of
1921-22 is reproduced. Dorival gives its provenance history
and abrief descriptive analysis of the work.

1310. August, Marilyn. "House of Maeght." Art News 85

(Summer 1986): 93-97.
Reminiscences of Adrien Maeght, son of Aime and Marguerite
Maeght, founders of the Maeght Foundation. The artic1e
contains memories about Matisse and reproduces the latter's
line drawing of Marguerite.

1311. Bernier, Rosamond. "La Musee Matisse a Nice." L'OeiL

105 (September 1963): 20-29.
Workmanlike history and tour of the newly-opened second floor
of the Musee des Arenes at Nice as a Musee Matisse. Matisse's
personal still life objects and the preliminary studies for the
Chapel at Vence are among the items displayed in this well-
illustrated artic1e.

1312. Dorival, Bernard. "Musees de Nice, Le Legs Matisse." Rev.

du Louvre 17,1 (1967): 55-61.
An account of the donation of the Matisse family of the major
holdings of the museum, not so much the site of major works
as a center of documentation on his methods, his early works,
COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS 421

his working processes. Author walks through the relatively

recently installed collection commenting on some important
works in it.

1313. Girard, Xavier. "The Musee Matisse at Nice, The

Renaissance of a Museum." Apollo 136, 370 (December
1992): 362.
An update on the state of the enlarged Musee Matisse, opening
in 1993 after four years c\osure for the renovation. Author also
outIines the other Matisse exhibitions to be held during 1993 in
Grasse, Vence, and Nice in honor of the new visibility of
Matisse in the region, enriched by donations from the Matisse
family.

1314. Jeudwine, W. R. "Modern Paintings from the Collection of

W. Somerset Maugham, 11." Apollo 64 (November 1956):
137-141.
Matisse's Girl with Sunshade (1921) and The Yellow Chair
(1940) are discussed in the context of Maugham's other modem
works and his overall taste as a collector.

1315. Dorr III, G. H. "Putnam Dana McMillan Collection."

Minneapolis Institute Bull. 50 (December 1961): 12-13, 24-
25.
Note on the acquistion of three Matisse canvases, Music
Lesson, Three Bathers. and Collioure. of the McMilIan
collection for the Minneapolis Institute.

1316. Lucas, John. "Twins Come of Age {McMillan bequests]."

Arts Mag. 36 (March 1962): 60.
A note on the acquisition of the McMillan bequests in
Minneapolis and St. Paul.

1317. Becker, John. "The Museum of Modern Western

Painting in Moscow--Part 11." Creative Art 10, 3 April
1932): 278-83.
422 COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS

The second of a two-part article on the Museum of Modern

Western Art in Moscow (which the author has recently
visited), in which twentieth-century work is discussed in some
detail. The somewhat quirky commentary is mostly
descriptive. The author, who has also seen the Matisse
retrospectives in Paris and New York in 1931, ventures the
judgment that "Matisse the painter and Matisse the decorator
had said and resaid everything that he had to say before the end
ofthe war."

1318. Ettinger, Paul. "Die modernen Franzosen in den

Kunstsammlungen Moskaus." Cicerone 8, 4 (February
1926): 111-21.
In an article which works its way in two parts through the
Moscow museums, Matisse is treated before Derain and
Picasso in the most modern collections. Author remarks that
the tradition of Russian religious icons and of folk art prepared
collectors to appreciate the strong color, simplifications, and
decorative quality of Matisse's work. Traces Matisse's use of
color from Cezanne-influenced work to the bold decoration of
the later paintings.

1319. BrettelI, Richard, and Stephen Nash, eds. A Century oj Modem

Sculpture: The Patsy and Raymond Nasher Collection. New
York: Rizzoli, 1987. Ital. ed. Un Secolo di Scultura Modema
dalla Collezione Patsy e Raymond Nasher. Florence, 1987.
Florence, Washington, DaIlas: Forte di Belvedere, National
Gallery of Art, Dallas Museum of Art: 1987. Exhibition
Catalogue.
Exhibition catalogue for the Patsy and Raymond Nasher
sculpture collection, which contains several Matisse
sculptures: Madeleine 1(1901); Woman with Necklace (1907);
Reclining Nude I (1907); Decorative Figure Seated (1908);
Two Negresses (1908); Large Nude (1923-25); and Tiari
(1930). A general essay by Stephen Nash, no. 207, places
Matisse's work in the modern figurative tradition of Rodin,
Rosso, and Maillol; individual works are completely
documented.
COLLECIlONS AND COLLECfORS 423

1320. Arnold, Matthias. "Künstler sammeln Kunst." Kunst &

Antiquitäten 2 (1988): 98-105.
The seeond half of a two-part article foeuses on Picasso's art
eolleetion; his Matisse's are given somewhat extended
treatment.

1321. Chetham, Charles Seott, ed. Modern Painting, Drawing, and

Sculpture Collected by Emily and loseph Pulitzer. Vol. 1.
New York: Knoedler and Company, and Cambridge, Mass.:
Fogg Art Museum, 1957. Exhibition eatalogue.

Catalogue to the Pulitzer Colleetion in the form of an

exhibition eatalogue, with all works shown fully doeumented
and a eommentary on eaeh. Matisse's Bathers with a Turtle,
Conservatory. and 1925 seulpture, Seated Nude. are
aeeompanied by relevant passages on the works from Alfred H.
Barr, Jr.'s Matisse. His Art and His Public (New York: 1951).

1322. lohn Quinn Collection 0/ Paintings. Watercolors. Drawings

and Sculpture. Huntington, New York: Pigeon HilI Press,
1926. Distributed by the Joseph L. Brummer and E. Weyhe
Galleries.
A substantive eatalogue of Quinn' s eolleetion, prepared at the
time of the sale of his work by the Ameriean Art Assoeiation.

1323. Lieberman, WilIiam S., ed. Twentieth Century Art /rom The
Nelson Aldrich Rocke/eller Collection. New York:
Museum ofModern Art, distributed by the New York Graphie
Soeiety, 1969. Exhibition eatalogue.
Well-doeumented eatalogue of the eolleetion with a Foreword
by Monroe Wheeler, prefaee by Nelson A. Roekefeller, and
Lieberman's essay, "The Nelson Aldrieh Roekefel1er
Colleetion," ehronicles the Roekefeller's dealings with Matisse
and their donations to The Museum of Modern Art. Matisse's
work iIIustrated.

1324. The Nelson Rocke/eller Collection. New York, 1978.

424 COLLECOONS AND COLLECfORS

A promotional pamphlet for the selling of reproductions of

works in the RockefeIler collection. Contains a good color
photograph of Matisse's overmantel, Song (1938), and Italian
Woman (1916) in pi ace in the living roorn.

1325. Von Matisse bis Picasso: Hommage an Siegfried Rosengart.

Stuttgart: Verlag Gerd Hatje, 1988.
A gallery director more than collector, Rosengart first worked
at the Thannhauser gallery when it held the Matisse
Retrospective in 1930. Thereafter, in his own gallery in
SwitzerIand, he advised and ac ted as dealer for Etta Cone of
Baltimore, whose Matisse collection became renowned. This is
a handsome, well-docurnented catalogue of an "imaginary
exhibit" in the dealer's honor with essays by Martin Kunz,
Werner Schmalenbach, Ellen B. Hirschland, Franz Meyer,
David Douglas Duncan, Pierre Daix, and others.

1326. Soby, Jarnes Thrall, and Lippard, Lucy R. The School of

Paris: Paintings from the Florence May Schoenborn and
Samuel A. Marx Collection. New York: Museum of Modern
Art, 1965, 1978. Exhibition catalogue.
Handsorne publication that functions as a catalogue to the
collection; introduction by Jarnes Thrall Soby, notes by Lucy
R. Lippard; second ed., 1978.

1327. Akinsha, Konstantin. "Irina Shchukina versus Vladimir

Lenin." Art News 93 (Summer 1993): 71-2.
A complete account of the efforts of Shchukin's daughter,
Irina, to have her father's collection reassembled in aseparate
venue, preferably his former horne, the old Trubetskoy palace.
A detailed description of the legal issues involved in copyright
disputes for reproduction royalties and the vexed problem of
works expropriated from private owners by governments that
incorporated them into national collections. An important
article on these issues.

1328. de Chassy, Eric. "L'Affaire Chtchoukine." Beaux-Arts

Mag. 119 (January 1994): 50-65.
COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS 425

A complete account of the state of the suit brought by the

heirs of Serge Shchukin to have their claim on their father's
collection in the Russian State Museums recognized. The
players are pictured, the issues outlined; the whole story is told
again in this well-iIlustrated and informative article.

1329. Ginsburg, Michael. "Art Collectors of Old Russia: The

Morosovs and the Shchukins." Apollo 98 (December
1973): 470-86.
An extended, well-researched article, with many documentary
photographs, on the major collectors of modern art in late
nineteenth- century and early twentieth-century pre-
revolutionary Russia. Comprehensive and informative.

1330. Ettinger, Paul. "Franzözische Handzeichnungen in Moskau

[Shchukine and Morosov]." Monatshefte für Bücherfreude
u. Graphiksammler (1925): 1.
A notice on the graphic works by French artists in Moscow
collections.

1331. Osborn, Max. "Die Junge Kunst in den russischen Museen

und Sammlungen." Cicerone 16, 19 (September 1924): 899-
908.
Grateful that the reported destruction of artworks during the
Russian Revolution has proved untrue, Osborn tours the now-
nationalized Soviet museums, walks through the former
mansions of Shchukin and Morosov and glowingly
pronounces modern art alive and well in the new Socialist
Republic. Matisse is mentioned without emphasis; ten
Gauguin works are reproduced because less weil known in the
west.

1332. Fauchereau, Serge. "Henri Matisse dans les Collections russes

[Shchukine and Morosov)." Beaux-Arts Mag. 49
(November 1986): 44-51.
426 COLLECfIONS AND COLLECfORS

Lavishly iIIustrated article with short but infonnative text on

the two Russian collectors whose daring and taste made the
Pushkin and Hennitage holdings possible.

1333. Kean, Beverly Whitney. All the Empty Palaces: The

Merchant Patrons of Modern Art in Pre-Revolutionary Russia.
New York: Uni verse Books, 1983.
Details the lives and collection-history of the Shchukin and
Morosov collections in pre-revolutionary Russia. Author
also describes the fate of the works after 1918 and appends a
checklist of the collection, and the texts of Shchukin's letters
to Matisse.

1334. Kostenevich, Albert G. "Matisse and Shchukin: A

Collector's Choice." The Art Institute of Chicago Museum
Studies 16, 1 (1990): 26-43, 91-2.
Much new material on the personal life of Shchukin and his
relationship to Matisse, resulting in new insights on the
interaction of the patron and artist and how that affected the
course of the work made for Shchukin.

1335. Kostenevich, Albert G. "The Russian Collectors and Henri

Matisse," Matisse in Morocco. Washington, D. C. and New
York: National Gallery of Art and Abrams, 1990. Exhibition
catalogue, no. 70.
A retellIing of the story of Matisse and his Russian patrons,
Shchukin and Morosov, this time with emphasis on their
purchase of the works painted in Morocco. Pertinent letters
are appended in the catalogue.

1336. Tancock, lohn. "Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Sculpture

[from the Norton Simon Museum of Art in Pasadenal."
Connoisseur 193, 177 (November 1976): 238-40.
A general survey of Simon's holdings which include Matisse's
Backs I, II, III and IV. No discussion of them.
COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS 427

1337. Eliel, Carol S. Degas to Picasso: Modern Masters lrom the

Smooke Collection. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County
Museum of Art, 1987.
Attractive, well-documented catalogue on the collection, edited
by Carol Elie!.

1338. KimbaIl, Fiske, "Matisse: Recognition, Patronage,

Collecting." Philadelphia Mus. Bull. 43 (March 1948): 33-
37.
Reminiscences of Sarah Stein as a friend and collector of
Matisse; an overview of other early buyers of Matisse, e.g.,
Etta Co ne and George Of, Albert C. Barnes and lohn Quinn.

1339. Kimball, Fiske. "Discovery from America." Art News 47

(April 1948): 29-31, 54.
An expanded version of the article in the Philadelphia Museum
Bulletin of March 1948. The Stein recollections are fuller
and richer, and the story of Stieglitz's and Barnes's
acquisitions are added to those in the earlier, shorter artic1e.

1340. Potter, Margaret, ed. Four Americans in Paris: The

Collections 01 Gertrude Stein and Her Family. New
York: Museum of Modern Art, 1970. Exhibition catalogue.
A handsome, simulated-Ieather-bound catalogue of the Stein
collections, completely illustrated and documented. On the
Stein collections are the essays: "A World Beyond the World:
The Discovery of Leo Stein" by Irene Gordon, "The Michael
Steins of San Francisco: Art Patrons and Collectors," and
"More Adventures" [reprinted] by Leo Stein. Of special
importance are the reprint of Gertrude Stein' s "Portraits: Henri
Matisse" and an important essay,"Matisse, Picasso, and
Gertrude Stein," by Leon Katz, no. 580. Aseries of period
photographs show the Stein living quarters at varying times,
showing (and identifying) the works in the collections at
different periods.
428 COLLECTIONS AND COLLECfORS

1341. Seckel, Helene. "27, Rue de Fleurus, 58, rue Madame: les
Stein a Paris." Paris-New York, 278-305. Paris: Centre
Pompidou, 1977, Gallimard, 1991. Exhibition catalogue.
A summary, but complete, review of the hospitality of the
branches of the Stein family in Paris to Matisse and Picasso
and the young Americans who benefited from these contacts.
This account is followed by brief biographical sketches of
Marie Laurencin, Paul Cezanne, Matisse, and Picasso and the
works by these artists in the Stein collections.

1342. Hamilton, George Heard. "The Alfred Stieglitz Collection."

Metropolitan Mus. loum. 3 (1970): 371-92.
This essay comprises a history Alfred Stieglitz' s career as a
gallery owner (291 and An American Place) and a survey of the
works that he left to the Metropolitan Museum in 1949.
Among the latter are two watercolors by Matisse which had
been exhibited at 291 in 1908 (Matisse's earliest American
show) and five drawings that had been shown in 1910. Two
other drawings by Matisse from this exhibition were purchased
for the museum's collection by Mrs. George BlumenthaI. A
major articIe, though touching on Matisse only briefly (pp.
375, 378-9).

1343. George, Waldemar. La Grande Peinture Contemporaine a La

Collection PauL Guillaume. Paris: Editions des "Arts a
Paris," 1929.
The completely reproduced collection of Guillaume, with an
elegaic but penetrating foreword on the collector, contains a
section on Matisse in which George judges Matisse to be an
optical and cerebral artist who never really emphasizes his
materials but works by the language of signs, that is, of colors
and lines, that refer finally to themselves. Each work by
Matisse in the Guillaume collection is given abrief
commentary.

1344. de Forges, M. T., and G. Allemand. "Orangerie des TuiIeries,

La Collection Jean Walter-Paul Guillaume." Revue du
Louvre 16, I (1966): 55-64.
COlLEcnONS AND COUECTORS 429

An account of this collection on the occasion of its permanent

installation at the Orangerie. Matisse' s Trois Soeurs of 1917
is mentioned in the article and his Nu Drape etendu is
reproduced.

1345. Hoog, Michel, with Helene Guichamaud and Colette Giraudon.

Catalogue de la Collection Jean Walter et Paul
Guillaume. Paris: Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Musee
de I'Orangerie, 1984.
A beautifully produced volume on the occasion of the
collection' s permanent installation in the Orangerie in Paris,
with an introduction by Michel Hoog on the two who formed
the collection and on its growth after Guillaume's relatively
early death in 1934. Each work has its own commentary and
scholarly documentation--provenance, bibliography, exhibition
history , and is reproduced with a good quality color plate.
Matisse has ten significant early Nice period works (1917-
1927), including the earliest, Three Sisters.

1346. Collection Jean Walter-Paul Guillaume. Paris:

[Orangerie des Tuileries]: 1966. Exhibition Catalogue.
A modest catalogue on the collection at the time of its first
showing in Paris after being donated to the State by Mme
Walter. Exhibition and catalogue organized by Mme H.
Adhemar.

1347. O'Brian, John. Degas to Matisse. The Maurice Wertheim

Collection. New York and Cambridge: Abrams and the Fogg
Art Museum, 1988. Japanese ed. The Maurice Wertheim
Collection and Selected Impressionist and Post-Impressionist
Paintings and Drawings in the Fogg Museum. Tokyo: The
Tokyo Shimbun, 1990. In Japanese.
Handsome scholarly catalogue on Wertheim and his collection
(which subsequently was bequeathed to the Fogg Art Museum
of Harvard University) with a fine introduction by his
daughters, Barbara Wertheim Tuchman and Anne Wertheim
Werner. An excellent general essay by John O'Brian deals in
part with Matisse. The works in the collection, Geraniums
430 COLLEcnONS AND COLLEcroRS

(1915), Still Life with Apples (1916), a suite of drawings of

Mlle Luba Roudenko (1939), and a drawing Nude Leaning on
her Left Elbow (1935-39) are given full documentation and
commentary, pp. 117-125. Bibliography and a valuable
section with "Technical Information on the Collection."

1348. Gardner, Henry G. "The Samuel and Vera White Collection."

Philadelphia Mus. Art Bull. 63, 296-97 (lanuary-March,
April-lune 1968): 74-88.
A double issue devoted to the collectors and the collection.
Seven canvases of importance bought from Bignou, Quinn,
Rosenberg, or Bernheim-leune are reproduced and documented.

1349. Bulliet, C. 1. "Winterbotharn Collection United in

Chicago." Art Digest 21, 18 (July I, 1947): 9+.
Informative early article on the unified hanging of the
Winterbotham collection at the Art Institute of Chicago.
Recounts the forcing of Matisse' s By the Window (1919) into
the museum' s collection in 1921 as the first work by the artist
in the museum' s collection and the first work to be purchased
by Winterbotham. (It has been since sold.)

1350. The Joseph Winterbotham Collection at the Art Institute of

Chicago. A special issue of The Art Institute of Chicago.
Museum Studies 20,2 (1994): 134-35.
A special issue on the collection, with an introduction, "A
Living Tradition: The Winterbothams and Their Legacy" by
Lyn Delliquadri, and commentary on Matisse's The
Geranium(1906) by Margherita Andreotti.
 VIII

Matisse and Other Artists

1351. After Matisse. New York: Independant Curators Inc., 1986.
Exhibition catalogue. Introduction by Susan Sollins, "After
Matisse" by Tiffany Bell, "Matisse: The Olympian Example"
by Dore Ashton, and "Expression Through Color" by Irving
Sandler.
A broad-ranging exhibition that demonstrates the influence of
Matisse's work in America from the 1940s through the 1970s.
Handsome, well-documented catalogue with fine illustrations
and thoughtful essays by art historians of the period. Artists
inc1uded range from Hans Hofmann to Sean Scully.

1352. Arnason, H. H. "Motherwell: the Window and the Wall." Art

News 68 (Summer 1969): 50.
Compares Motherwell's use of the window motif with
Matisse's, especially Open Window, Collioure.

1353. Barron, Stephanie, and Larry Rosing. "Matisse and

Contemporary Art, 1950-1970 and 1970-1975." Arts Mag.
49 (May 1975): 66-69.
Traces Matisse's influence on hard-edged painters (e.g.,
Youngerman, Kelly, Zox), certain colorists (e.g.,
Frankenthaler, Motherwell, Stella) and figurative artists (e.g.,
Avery, Wesseiman). Rosing discusses Lichtenstein's pastiches
of Matisse and Diebenkorn.

1354. Bioules, Vincent. "Les Matisse 'Americains.'" Art Press Int.

30 (July 1970): 18-19.

431
432 MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS

An extremely perceptive meditation, by a French painter, on

the works by Matisse in the Museum of Modern Art in New
York and the influence that they have had on American abstract
painting--in their frank materiality, their process-oriented
method of construction, and in the interest in a kind of
"musical" control of colored surfaces.

1355. Bouisset, Malten. "Entretien Viallat, la couleur et ses

supports." Beaux-Arts Mag. 59 (July-August 1988): 28-33.
An important interview with this "matissean" artist who
founded the group "Support-surface" in the late 1960s to
subvert the traditions of easel painting by creating unstretched,
unprimed, color-impregnated works on a variety of fabric
supports. Viallat speaks of Matisse's paper cut-out work La
Vague, in which the figure and ground, positive and empty
areas, are reversible as an important prototype for works in
which he designed by voids or gaps, rather than positive
forms.

1356. Broude, Norma F. "Miriam Schapiro and 'Femmage':

Reflections on the Conflict Between Decoration and
Abstraction in Twentieth-Century Art." Arts Mag. 54,6
(February 1980): 83-87. Reprinted in Feminism and Art
History, Questioning the Litany, 315-29. New York: Harper
& Row, 1982.

Discusses the "feminization" of the collage by artists such as

Miriam Schapiro (who invents the term "femmage"), who
render it in non-high art materials of a blatantly decorative
nature. Broude argues however that this mode might as weil
be considered a new mode of abstraction, and points to
predecessors such as Matisse and Kandinsky who acknowledged
the role played by decoration in their development toward
abstraction.

1357. Buck, Robert T. "Richard Diebenkorn: The Ocean Park

Paintings." Art Int. 22, 5 (Summer 1978): 29-34, 60.
Author traces and analyzes the influence on Diebenkorn ' s
nearly abstract series by the 1912-17 works of Matisse.
MAl1SSE AND OTHER ARllSTS 433

1358. Carmean, E. A. "Morris Louis and the Modern Tradition: I.

Abstract Expressionism; 11. Cubism; III. Impressionism; IV.
Fauvism; V. Later Matisse; VI. Principles of Abstraction."
Arts Mag. 51, 1,2, 3, 4 (September, October, November,
December, 1976): 70-75, 112-117, 22-126, 116-119.
Discusses what Louis learned from the example Matisse's
work: of Fauvist features, the multiplicity of separate and
boldly colored interactive elements; and in the late works,
drawing in color shapes and arranging them on a surface.

1359. Cassidy, Donna M. "John Marin's Dancing Nudes by the

Seashore: Images of the New Eve." Smithsonian Stud.
American Art 4, 1 (Winter 1990): 71-91.
A study of the iconographic sources for aseries of nudes by
the seashore that Marin commenced around 1930, when he had
seen reproductions of Matisse's Barnes Foundation Mural.
Author traces the American sources for the image of the nude
female as a symbol of anti-puritanism, freedom, and
wholesome sensuality. Marin's formal influences were French-
-Matisse, Cezanne, Rodin, Picasso--but his ideas were
fashioned in his American milieu.

1360. Clair, Jean. "L'Influence de Matisse aux Etats-Unis (with

English summary)." XXe Siede 35 (December 1970): 157-
60.
Author recapitulates the influence of Matisse in America in the
first decades through Gertrude Stein and Alfred Stieglitz; also
follows with brief discussion of Avery and Davis, the New
York School of the post-war period, Hofmann and Kelly, and
Pop Artists such as Wesselman and Kruchenik.

1361. Collins, Amy Fine. "Sequined Simulacra." Art in America

76,7 (July 1988): 51-53.
A critical discussion of the use, by fashion designers Yves
Saint Laurent and Bill Blass, of paintings by Van Gogh and
Matisse in beaded copies on the jackets of their latest outfits.
A full discussion inc1uding the reasons for the union of art and
434 MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS

fashion in the late 80s, when prices for Van Goghs had
recently reached unheard-of prices at auction. Matisse' s design
was an early Nice interior, when Matisse was at his most
luxurious and marketable.

1362. Dagen, Philippe. "Serge Fauchier, peintre 'americain'." Art

Press Int. 128 (September 1988): 35.
A younger member of the "Support I surface" group who were
influenced by Matisse and by American colorfield painters,
Fauchier continues to work in vivid monochrome fields
inflected by undulating marks that constitute "figures" or
"drawing" that do not interrupt the field.

1363. Davvetas, Demosthenes. "Inside the Tomato Jungle, Interview

with Andre Masson." Art/orum 26 (October 1987): 91-95.
An interview with the elderly Masson, primarily on his
classical themes and on his eroticism, but which contains
comments on Matisse whom Masson found interesting as a
thinker on topics other than painting.

1364. de Chassey, Eric. "Kelly et Matisse, une filiation inavouee."

Cahiers Musee national d'art modeme 49 (Autumn 1994): 41-
57.
The author traces the rapport between the work of the
American Ellworth Kelly and Henri Matisse. often barely
acknowledged by the former. Although Kelly spent the years
1949 to 1956 in France, when several large Matisse
exhibitions of late cut-paper work were mounted. the younger
artist has not always admitted the importance of these works
for hirn. Chassey nevertheless draws out the common
elements and approaches in the work of the two artists and,
while respecting Kelly's differences. plausibly demonstrates
the numerous filiations between the younger and older artist.
A subtle and convincing essay.

1365. Elderfield, John. "Morris Louis and Twentieth Century

Painting." Art Int. 21,3 (May-June 1977): 24-32.
MAllSSE AND OTHER ARllSTS 435

Matisse's influence on Louis's Unfurled and Stripe paintings,

which are seen as combining the pastoral joyousness of
Matisse's work with a certain epic and classical quality.

1366. Elderfield, John. "Language of Pre-Abstract Art: Three Good

Museum Shows Illuminate the Problems of an Art on the
Threshold of Abstraction." Artforum 9 (February 1971): 46-
51.
Elderfield combines reviews of three shows, two of which
involve Matisse, under the theme of the "language" of "pre-
abstract" art. The Four Americans in Paris show at MoMA,
although containing the Stein families' famous Fauve
Matisse's, is discussed by the author only in terms of its
Picasso works. From Naturalism to Abstraction: Three
Series, also at MoMA, features Matisse's Heads of Jeannette,
which are discussed by the author, along with two series of
increasingly abstract paintngs by Van Doesburg.

1367. Elderfield, John. "Dieben korn at Ocean Park." Art Int. 16,2
(February 1972): 20-25.
Compares Diebenkorn's art of "surfaces and of light," of edge-
bounded forms, to Matisse's in the second decade, i.e., during
the latter's Cubism-exploring years.

1368. Elderfield, John. "High Modern: An Introduction to Post-

Pollock Painting in American Art." Studio Int. 188 (July
1974): 4-7.
A subtle discussion of the role of emotion in post-Pollock,
that is, post-expressionist, painting, exemplified by Morris
Louis. Citing Michael Fried, who brings Pollock, Louis, and
Matisse together, Elderfield speaks of Matisse's non-
psychologieal, abstract "feeling" that is the "self-engrossment"
of someone for whom painting is all. His feeling is for the
maintaining of art and its place in the world as self-contained
and independent of human presence. Elderfield's argument is
richer than this summary suggests and very much tied to the
defense of "post-painterly abstraction."
436 MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS

1369. Fernand Leger: des Figürliche Werk. Cologne: Kunsthalle,

1978. Exhibition Catalogue.
Catalogue essays by Christopher Green and Siegfried Gohr,
who curated the show which ran from April 12-June 4, 1978.
Text incIudes comparative material on Leger and Matisse.

1370. Forge, Andrew, Howard Hodgkin, and Phillip King.

"Relevance of Matisse: a Discussion." Studio 176 (July
1968): 9-17.
A discussion on the artist's importance on the occasion of the
Matisse Retrospective exhibition at the Tate Gallery. There is
general agreement that Matisse has not been a key figure in
American painting between 1948-68, although Matisse's
influence will be feit in the next twenty years (1970-90). His
gift essentially relates to his handling of the figure, in which
continual invention prevented hirn from falling into any kind
of system or intellectual formulae. After a wide-ranging
discussion of color, the group concludes that Matisse may
challenge the notion of avant-garde outrageousness by his
affirmation of painting as a reasonable profession that does not
need to justify itself by continually severing itself from
tradition.

1371. Glueck, Grace. "The Twentieth Century Artists Most Admired

by Other Artists." Art News 76,9 (November 1977): 78-105.
Nearly one hundred (mostly American) artists were asked: what
specific work(s) or artist(s) of the past seventy-five years have
you admired or been influenced by the most? Picasso came out
first, with Matisse, Pollock, and Brancusi as runners-up, in
that order; Cezanne was fifth. Matisse's Bathers by a River,
Red Studio, La Musique, and various papiers decoupes were
mentioned most often by artists as influential.

1372. Goodman, Jonathan. "Larry Rivers at the Marlborough." Art

News 93 (Summer 1993): 168.
A review of Rivers' show entitled, Art and the Artist, which
featured portraits of famous artists such as Matisse, Leger, and
MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS 437

Picasso at work in their studios, each painted in a style

compatible with the artist portrayed. A reproduction of one of
the Matisse paintings accompanies the review.

1373. Gordon, Donald E. "Kirchner in Dresden." Art Bull. 48

(September- December 1966): 335-66.
An important article that establishes through documentary
evidence, despite the retrospective testimony ofE. L. Kirchner
hirnself, the influence of Matisse's work on his first
characteristically "Brücke" distortions.

1374. Gouk, Alan. "Principle, Appearance, Style." Studio 187

(June 1974): 292-5.
A discussion of new American painting with reference to
Matisse's and Hans Hofmann's ability to use their color both
for plasticity and sheer opticality.

1375. Gran, Henning. "Henrik S0rensen og Matisse. Tre brev fra

1908-12." Kunst og Kultur 53 (1970): 39-51. In Norwegian.
Well-iIIustrated article on the Norwegian painter Henrik
S0rensen, a student of Matisse and habitue of the Cafe Dome.
First attracted by Cezanne, S0rensen studied in Amsterdam
before coming to Paris. Author includes extended citations
from S0rensen' s letters to his friend, Wold-Torne, from the
period.

1376. Herrera, Hayden. "Gorky's Self-Portraits: the Artist by

Hirnself. " Art in America 64, 2 (March-April 1976): 56-64.
Cezanne, Picasso, and Matisse are discussed as influences on
Gorky's style.

1377. Hoog, Michel. "A propos de I'Automne de Michel Larianov."

Rev. du Louvre 22, 1 (1972): 25-30.
L 'Automne, one of four paintings on the seasons, is compared
with Cezanne's Automne (Musee du Petit Palais) and
Matisse's Nymph and Satyr (Hermitage).
438 MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS

1378. Kenedy, R. C. "Günter Haese." Art Int. 18 (April 1974): 30-

31+.
In his introduction to this articIe on Haese, a contemporary
German sculptor, the author claims that Matisse and Duchamp
are the two major directions or "routes" for contemporary art
(in the early 1970s). The tradition of Constructivism and
Mondrian has remained minor, aIthough Haese's work is in
that tradition and also owes much to the esthetic of Paul Klee.

1379. Landau, Ellen G. "The French Sources for Hans Hofmann's

Ideas on the Dynamics of Color-Created Space." Arts Mag.
51,2 (October 1976): 76-81.
Influence of Matisse, Cezanne, Kandinsky, and Delaunay on
Hofmann's ideas on color while he was in Paris between 1904-
1914.

1380. Lane, John R. "The Sources of Max Weber's Cubism."

College Art Journal 24, 3 (Spring 1976): 231-36.
An account of Weber's discovery of Cubism, after his primary
introduction to modem art through the teaching of Matisse and
a study of Cezanne's work under Matisse's guidance. The
Matisse material is incidental to the major theme ofWeber and
Cubism.

1381. Larson, Philip. "Brücke Primitivism: the Early Figurative

Woodcuts." Print Collectors's Newsletter 6, 6 (January-
February 1976): 158-60.
In a broad discussion of influences on early Brücke woodcuts,
Matisse is discussed as an influence and his work contrasted
with the German artists.

1382. Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude. "Eight Statements: Roy

Lichtenstein, Paul Sharits, Tom Wesselmann, Carl Andre,
Frank Stella, Brice Marden, Donald Judd, Andy Warhol." Arts
Mag. 63,4 (July-August 1975): 67-75.
Interviews with American artists (painters, a filmmaker, two
sculptors) whose first mature work appears in the 1960s.
MATISSE AND OIl-IER ARTISTS 439

Questioned about Matisse and his influence on their work,

many admit to the "law of the grandfather" by which they were
able to use the flat, surface-oriented figurative work of the
French painter to bypass their immediate predecessors, the
abstract expressionists. In spite of diversity in responses, al1
join in their great admiration for Matisse. An important
document of the period.

1383. Levin, Gail. "Patrick Henry Bruce and Arthur Burdett Frost,
Jr.: from the Henri Class to the Avant-Garde." Arts Mag. 53,
8 (April 1979): 102-6.
Details the effect that becoming pupils of Matisse had on
Bruce and Frost in turning them toward a more abstract mode
of representation and the use of pure color.

1384. -Levy, Bernard-Henri. "Yves Saint Laurent und die Erfindung

der Eleganz." Du 10 (1986): 20-35, 58-9.
An elegant essay (in German and English) on the quality of
elegance in the designs of Yves Saint Laurent, who is shown
to be a col1ector of modern art, owning a Matisse oil and paper
cut-out from 1937. The articIe is lavishly illustrated with
drawings, graphie designs, and cIothing by Laurent--some of
wh ich are unmistakably inspired by Matisse.

1385. Levy, Thomas, and Carl-Jürgen Tohmfor. Das Cafe du Dome

und die Academie Matisse. Schwetzingen: K. F. Schimper-
Verlag, 1988. In German with summaries in Eng., Fr., Ital.,
and Span.
A well-iIlustrated and informative book, published in
connection with an exhibition on the same theme at the
Galerien Herold und Levy in Hamburg in January 1989. The
(mostly) German artists who frequented the Cafe and some of
whom studied with Matisse are: Friedrich Ahlers-Hestermann
(1883-1973), Bela Czobel (1883-1976), Rudolph Grossmann
(1882-1941), George Kars [Karpeies] (1882-1942), Rudolf
Levy (1875-1942), Oscar (1974-1947) and Greta (1884-1977)
Mol1, Franz Mölken (1884-1918) and Hans Purrmann (1880-
1966).
440 MATISSE AND üTHER ARTISTS

1386. "Matisse: A Symposium." With contributions by Robert

Rosenblum, Peter Schjeldahl, Brook Adams, Lynne Tillman,
Francis M. Naumann, Jeff Perrone, Kenneth Silver, Richard
Hennessey, et al. Art in America 81,5 (May 1993): 74-87.
A collection of responses by critics, art historians, and artists
to the Matisse Retrospective exhibition at the Museum of
Modern Art that range from the positive (Ellsworth Kelly,
Francis M. Naumann, Jeff Perrone, Richard Hennessey,
Robert Kushner) to the gen der based or politically critical
(Nancy Spero and Jo Anna Isaak, Kenneth Silver), from the
impressionsitic (Jennifer Bartlett, Lynne Tillman, Gary
Indiana) to the soberly art historical (Robert Rosenblum, Peter
Schjeldahl, Charles Stuckey). Responses vary considerably in
length.

1387. Meyer, Franz. "Matisse und die Amerikaner." Henri Matisse.

Zurich: Kunsthalle, 1982. Exhibition catalogue.
Drawing from sources published in English during the
previous decade, Meyer recounts--for a European audience--the
influence of Matisse on American artists from Motherwell and
Diebenkorn to Stella and WesseIman. Quoting from
Greenberg, Meyer notes that ideas of the all-over, centrifugal
composition, the space-defining use of color, the sharp
abstraction from nature in the paper cut-out, the "making
powerful" of the decorative, and use of black as both color and
light--all are derived by the Americans from the example of
Matisse. A good summary of this material with convincing
illustrations.

1388. Millard, CharIes E. "A look at Edward Weston." Print

Collector's Newsetter 6, 3 (July-August 1975),68-70.
In broader discussion of Weston's artistic development, his
Nude (1925) is compared with Matisse's lithograph, Seated
Nude. Back Turned (1914).

1389. Monnier, Genevieve. "Breve histoire du bleu." Artstudio 16

(Spring 1990): 36-45.
MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS 441

Traces the color blue as a motif from the monochrome

painting by Alexander Rodchenko in 1925, through Matisse's
use of it, to moderns such as Yves Klein, Ellsworth Kelly,
James Turrell, and Anish Kapoor.

1390. New Decorative Works from the Collection of Norma and

William Roth. Florida: Loch Haven Art Center and
Jacksonville Art Museum, 1983. Exhibition catalogue.
Exhibition catalogue with essays by John PerreauIt, Jeff
Perrone, Carter Ratcliff, and Carrie Rickey; a general defense
of decoration--both its timelessness and its modernity--is
mounted, with Matisse as patron saint.

1391. O'Brien, John. "Greenberg's Matisse and the Problem of

Avant-Gardc Hedonism." In Serge Guilbaut, ed.
Reconstructing Modernism. Art in New York. Paris. and
MontreaI1945-64, 144-171. Cambridge, Mass. and London:
MIT Press, 1990.
A close look at Greenberg's criticism shows how much
Matisse' s example of sheer quality helped to shape Greenberg' s
mature critical opinion on the characteristics and future of the
avant-garde in painting. See Articles no. 664 for a fuller
account.

1392. Perreault, John. "The Cultivated Canvas." Art in America

70,3 (March 1982): 96-101.
An evaluation of Robert Zakanitch's oeuvre which, in its
decorative, all-over lushness of surface, shows its debt to
Monet and Matisse as weil as its sources in minimalism and
pop art.

1393. Poulain, Gaston. "L' Influence de Matisse au-dellt des

frontieres." Art present 2 (1947): 15-16.
Author muses on the lack of consistent or widespread influence
of artists such as Matisse and Bonnard; he concIudes that these
artists are too French to be transplanted, too sincerely
individual to belong to a movement or style. Poulain briefly
442 MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS

discusses artists in Scandinavia, Gennany, England, and the

United States who manifests some Matisse influence. In
America, after mentioning Max Weber and John Marin, he
notes only Milton Avery, Stuart Davis, and Audrey Skaling, a
Canadian working in New York.

1394. Renard, Delphine. "Claude Viallat, entre matiere et symbole."

Art Press Int. 78 (February 1984): 24-5.
An interview with Claude Viallat on the occasion of his
retrospective at the Centre Pompidou (1982-83) in which the
artist' s turn from referencing the work of Matisse to that of
Picasso is discussed. The recent work is not as much involved
with color and surface but with found objects and sculpture.

1395. Schoenfeld, Ann. "Grace Hartigan in the Early 1950s: Some

Sources, Influences, and the Avant-Garde." Arts Mag. 60, 1
(September 1985): 83-88.
In a special section devoted to the "heroic decades, the 1950s
and the 1980s," Grace Hartigan's debt to Matisse in the early
1950s is treated. She was influenced especially by Bather by a
River and Variation on a Still Life by de Heem. which she saw
in the 1951 Museum of Modern Art retrospective and saw in
Barr's 1951 monograph.

1396. Thorstenson, Inger Johanne. "Andre Lhote om den syntetiske

kubismen." Konsthistorisk Tidskrift 54, 1 (1985): 27-32;
summary in English.
The author calls attention to the influence of Matisse on Lhote
around 1916 when the artists ofthe vanguard were separated by
military service. The author argues that Matisse's lessons--on
color-usage in flat planes that are not bound by the contours of
objects--were incorporated by Lhote and others and helped them
develop aversion of synthetic cubism. Picasso and his work
were also available to these young painters, however, and a
combination of influences were exploited by the young men
who became theorists of the 1920s.
MATISSE AND OTHER ARTISTS 443

1397. Thorud, Svein. "En Norsk Malerinne i Paris: Magnhild

Haavardsholms dagbok fra 1909." Kunst og Kultur 61,4
(1978): 33-44.
A Norwegian student of Matisse offers her impressions in a
diary kept in 1909, of her teacher and fellow students, as weil
as other current cultural events taking place in Paris at this
time.

1398. Werenskiold, Marit. "Sigrid Hjerten som ekspresjonist, En

analyse av Självporträtt 1914." Konsthistorisk Tidskrift 52,
1 (1983): 31-43. In Norwegian, summary in English.
An analysis of an expressionist self-portrait by one of
Matisse's favorite pupils, Sigrid Hjerten, a young Swedish
woman who would marry another of Matisse's students, Isaac
Grünewald. The article details her professional and private life
as aspiring painter, mother, leader of the Swedish avant-garde
with her husband from 1914-18, and her gradual decline into
mental iIIness, for which she was ultimately institutionalized.
A sketch by fellow-student, Arvid Fougstedt, showing a suave
Matisse giving special instruction to the fashionable Ms.
Hjerten in front of a group of gaping male students, is
reproduced in this well-iIIustrated article.

1399. Werenskiold, Marit. "Matisse og Skandinavia." Louisiana

Revy 25,2 (January 1985): 42-5.
Author details the influence of Matisse on Skandinavian
artists. Although few Danish studied with hirn, there were
important exhibits of Matisse and his students in Denmark.
Sigrid Hjerten was said to be Matisse's favorite student;
Henrik S0rensen and Jean Heiberg among his most
conventional.
This page intentionally left blank
 IX

Books on Matisse for Children

1400. Amzallag-Auge, Elizabeth. Henri Matisse. La tristesse du roi.

Series: Atelier des enfants. Paris: Ed. Centre Pompidou,
1990.
A colorful interpretation of the paper cut-out for children;
attractively iIIustrated in color reproductions.

1401. Baillet, Yolande, with illustrations by Bernadette Theulet.

Matisse. Le peintre de l'essential. Tournai: Casterman, 1992.
Series: Le Jardin des Peintres.
Under the fiction of a girl finding her great-grandmother's diary
in an attic trunk, the story unfolds of an art-minded young
bride who arrives in Paris in 1900, meets the young Matisse,
and follows his career throughout her married life. The decades
are colorfully sketched and iIIustrated with period photographs;
the first-person journal is supplemented by the grandmother's
answers to the heroine's questions and by third-person side-bars
with reproductions of Matisse's paintings. Despite the
elaborate artifice of the book's structure, the young reader will
learn a good bit of accurate information on Matisse and his
times.

1402. Buchholz, Cornelia. Henri Matisse, Papiers decoupes. zur

anaLyse eines Mediums. Frankfurt am Maine, , Berne, New
York: Peter Lang, 1985. Series: Europaische
Hochschulschriften Studieren nos. 28 and 44.

445
446 BOOKS füR CHllDREN

A historical, technical, and formal discussion of Matisse' s

practice within the paper cut-out technique, simply told for a
young adult audience. The text sees the cut-paper technique as
a culmination of and solution to his earlier painting, drawing,
and sculpture problems. Traces the development of the
technique and his varied usage of the medium. Attractively
produced, accurate in its details.

1403. Coleno, Nadine, and Karine Marinacee. Petites taches au pays

de Matisse. Paris: Regards.
A slight tale for children with Matisse's work as the major
point of reference.

1404. Haas, Patrick. Le Dessin contemporaine 2. Paris: Centre

National de Documentaion Pedagogique, 1981. Twenty-four
slides, with accompanying booklet.
Introduction to and commentary on slides that, besides
Matisse's cut-paper work, includes automatie drawings by
Masson, found-object work by Broodthaers, Sol Le Witt's wall
drawings, and Smithson's Spiral Jetty. A broad approach to
drawing/design, obviously.

1405. Munthe, Nelly. Meet Matisse. London: Walker Books Ltd.,

1983. French ed. Decouper avec Matisse. Paris: Editions des
Centurion, 1983. Series: Centurion Jeunesse.
A book that informs the 10 to 15-year-old reader about
Matisse's ideas on color, cutting with a scissors as sculpture,
and the role of nature in art in simple language. The author
then sends the reader to art activities that follow Matisse's
leads. Projects incIude painting sheets of paper, cutting shapes
from them; positioning, arranging, and patterning the forms;
examining the structures of forms in nature; decorating a
folded screen, a "fjeld," with shapes and colors, and costume
design. An attractive pedagogical book, weil written and
iIIustrated, with intelligent design activities oriented to cIear
esthetic goals.

1406. Raboff, Ernst L1oyd. Henri Matisse. Series: Art for Children.
New York: Lippincott, 1988.
BOOKS FOR CHILDREN 447

Abrief biography of the French artist in simple language;

accompanied by reproductions of and commentaries upon
several major Matisse works.

1407. Robinson, Anette. Matisse. Paris: Scala.

Small book on Matisse and his work for children.

1408. Rodari, Florian. Un Dimanche avec Henri Matisse. Geneva:

Skira, 1993. Text and design by Rodari.
Simply told in the first person, the narrator (Matisse) flies into
Nice, welcomes a visitor at the Hotel Regina, and explains his
working methods and his esthetic principles. The text cIosely
paraphrases for the young reader Matisse's own words, giving
an accurate and unsentimentalized overview of the artist's
project. The photographs and reproductions are weIl chosen,
the layout attractive. A list of museums where Matisse's
original works can be found is appended at the end.
This page intentionally left blank
 X

Exhibitions and Catalogues

One-person and selected group shows

This page intentionally left blank
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 451

Paris 1896
Salon des Cent
Paris: Hall des Cent [Galeries de La Plume], April 1896.
Review: Degron, Henri. "Salon des Cent, vingtieme exposition." La
Plume 169 (May 1, 1896): 305-09 [Matisse not mentioned]; Saunier,
Charles. "Petites Expositions." Rev. encylopedique (July 11, 1896):
481-82.

Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts

Paris: Champs-de-Mars, April 25-May 1896.
Illustrated catalogue.
Review: Flat, Paul. "Les Salons de 1896." Rev. bleue politique et
litteraire 4, 5 (June 6, 1896): 722-26; Marx, Roger. "Le Salon du
Champs-de-Mars." Rev. encyclopedique 6 (April 25, 1896): 277-86.

Paris 1897
Salon de la Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts
Paris: Champs-de-Mars, April 24-May 1897.
IIIustrated catalogue.
Review: Bouyer, Raymond. L'Art et la beaute aux Salons de 1898.
Paris: L'Artiste, 1898, 36, 73; Fontainas, Andre. "La Revue du mois:
Art." Mercure de France 22 (June 1897): 590-97; Marx, Roger.
"Gustave Moreau, seine Vorlaeufer--seine Schule--seine Schueler." Pan
(May-October 1897 ): 61-64 [review of Gustave Moreau's atelier; first
mention of Matisse in German periodical]; Michel, Andre. "Le Tour
du Salon. Champs-de-Mars." Le Journal des debats politiques et
litteraires (April 23, 1897); SantilIane, J. "Le Salon du Champs-de-
Mars (deuxieme article)." Gil Blas 26 (April 26, 1897).

Paris 1899
SaLon de La Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts
Paris: Champs-de-Mars, May 1, 1899.
IIIustrated catalogue.
Review: Bouyer, Raymond. "Un Salonnier aux Salons de 1899."
L'Artiste 3 (1899): 97-192; Marx, Roger. "Les Salons de 1899." Rev.
452 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

encyclopedique 9 (July 15, 1899): 541-60; Saunier, Charles. "Petite

gazette d'art." La Revue blanche 19 (May 15, 1899): 136-40.

Paris 1901
Salon de la Societe des Artistes Independants
Paris: Grandes Serres de I'Expositon Universelle, April 20-May 21,
1901. (Ten works.)
Review: Gustave Coquiot. "Le Salon des lndependants." Gil Bias,
Apri120, 1901; Marx, Roger. "Petites Expositions." Chronique des arts
et de la curiosite (May 1901 ): 138-39; Marx, Roger. "La Saison d'Art
(de janvier a juillet 1901)." Rev. encyclopedique 1 (July 13, 1901):
649-52.

Paris 1902
Group Show (Moreau students)
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, February 1902.
Review: Charles, Fran~ois [Charles Guerin]. "Les Arts." L'Ermitage
24 (March 1902): 238.

Salon de la Societe des Artistes Independants

Paris: Grandes Serres de Ia Ville de Paris, March 28-May 5, 1902. (Six
paintings.)
Review: Charles, Fran~ois [Charles Guerin]. "Les Arts. L'Exposition
des Artistes Independants." L'Ermitage 24 (May 1902): 400; Fontainas,
Andre. "Art modeme." Mercure de France 42 (May 1902): 526-31.

Paris 1903
Salon de la Societe des Artistes Independants
Paris: Grandes Serres de Ia Ville de Paris, March 20-April 25, 1903.
(Seven paintings and one drawing.)

Review: Fagus, Felician [Georges-Eugene Hayet]. "Les Independants."

La Revue blanche 30 (April 30, 1903): 541-42; Marx, Roger. "Le
Salon des Independants." Chronique des arts et de la curiosite (March
20, 1903): 102-04; Morice, Charles. "Le XIX Salon des Independants."
Mercure de France 46 (June 1903): 389-405.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 453

Group Show
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, May 4-31, 1903. (Two paintings.)

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Petit Palais des Champs-Elysees, October 31-December 6, 1903.
(Two paintings.)
Illustrated catalogue.
Review: Marx, Roger. "Le Salon d'Automne." Chronique des arts et de
la curiosite (November 2, 1903): 283-84.

Paris 1904
Salon de la Sociite des Artistes lndependants
Paris: Grandes Serres de la Ville de Paris, February 21-March 24, 1904.
(Six paintings.)
Review: Marx, Roger. "Le Salon des Artistes Independants."
Chroniques des arts et de la curiosite (February 27, 1904): 70-72.

Exposition de peintures, pastels et dessins par MM. Camoin, Manguin,

Marquet, de Mathan, Matisse, Puy
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, April 2-30, 1904.
Catalogue with preface by Roger Marx.
Review: Marx, Roger. "Petites Expositions." Chroniques des arts et de
la curiosite (April 9,1904): 119; Saunier, Charles. "Les Petites
Expositions." Rev. universelle 4 (1904): 214; Vauxcelles, Louis.
"Notes d'art, MM. Manguin, Marquet, Henri Matisse." Gi! Blas (May
5, 1904).

Exposition des oeuvres du peintre Henri Matisse

Paris: Galerie Vollard, June 1-18, 1904. (Forty-five paintings, one
drawing.)
Catalogue with preface by Roger Marx.
Review: Marx, Roger. "Petites expositions." Chronique des arts et de
la curiosite (June 18, 1904); Morice, Charles. "Art moderne." Mercure
de France 51 (August 1904): 530-34; Saunier, Charles. "Les Petites
expositions," Rev. universelle 4 (1904): 535-38; Vauxcelles, Louis.
"Notes d'art, Exposition Henri Matisse." Gil Blas (June 14, 1904).
454 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, October IS-November 15,
1904. (Fourteen paintings, two plaster sculptures.)
Review: Blanche, Jacques-Emile. "Notes sur le Salon d'Automne."
Mercure de France 42 (December 1904): 672-90; Marx, Roger. "Le
Salon d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts 3rd per, 32 (December 1, 1904 ):
458-74; Marx, Roger. "Le Salon d'Automne, 15 octobre-14 novembre
1904." Rev. universelle 4 (1904): 641-46; Thibeault-Sisson, Fran~ois.
"Le Salon d'Automne au Grand Palais." Le Petit temps (October 14,
1904); Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Salon d'Automne." Gil Bias (October
17, 1904).

Paris 1905
Intimistes, I er Exposition (Matisse, Bannard, Vuillard, Laprade)
Paris: Galeries Henry Graves, February 10-25, 1905.
Review: Marx, Roger. "Petites expositions." Rev. universelle 5
(1905): 43.

Salon de La Societe des Artistes Independants

Paris: Grandes Serres de Ia Ville de Paris, March 24-April30, 1905.
(Eight works including Luxe, calme et volupte). Retrospectives of
Seurat, Van Gogh.
Review: Denis, Maurice. "La Reaction nationaliste." L'Ermitage (May
15, 1905); Girieud, Maxime. "Au Salon des lndependants." Le Soir
(April 11, 1905); Marx, Roger. "Le Salon des Independants." Chronique
des arts et de La curiosite (April 1, 1905): 99-1 02; Monod, Fran~ois.
"Le Salon d' Automne." Art et decoration 18 (1905): 198-210; Morice,
Charles. "Le XXI Salon des Independants." Mercure de France 54
(April 15, 1905): 542-43; Louis Vauxcelles. "Le Salon des
lndependants." Gil Bias (March 23, 1905); "Le Salon d' Automne."
£'Illustration· 63, 327 (November 4, 1905): 294-5.

Exposition, Matisse, Camoin, Manguin, Marquet

Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, April6-29, 1905.

Artistes Impressionistes, Matisse, Luce, Guerin, Schuffenecker, and

others
Paris: Prath and Magnier, June 1905.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 455

Review: Vauxcelles, Louis. "La Vie artistique." Gil Bias (June 14,
1905).

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, October IS-November 25,
1905. (Ten works.) Retrospectives of Ingres, Manet, and Renoir.
Review: Maurice Denis, "La Peinture, Le Salon d'Automne de 1905
[De Gauguin, de Whistler et de l'exces des theories]." L'Ermitage
(November 15, 1905); Geffroy, Gustave. "Le Salon d'Automne." Le
Journal (1905); Andre Gide, "Promenade au Salon d'Automne." Gaz.
beaux-arts 34, 582 (December I, 1905): 483-84; Hepp, Pierre. "Sur le
choix des maitres." L'Occident (December 1905): 263-5; Marx, Roger.
"Le Vernissage du Salon d'Automne." Chronique des arts et de La
curiosite (October 21, 1905): 267-68 [Matisse not mentioned;
advocates dropping "Moreau group" label]; Monod, Fran~ois. "Le Salon
d' Automne." Art et decoration 28 ( 1905): 198; Morice, Charles. "Le
Salon d'Automne." Mercure de France 57 (December I, 1905): 376-93;
Nicolle, R. Review. Journal de Rouen (November 20, 1905);
Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Salon d'Automne." Gil Bias (October 17,
1905); [Unsigned]. Review. Petit caporal (October 1905).

Exposition de peintures par MM. Camoin, Derain, Dufy, Manguin,

Marquet, Matisse, Vlaminck
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, October 21-November 20, 1905.
Review: Morice, Charles. "Art moderne." Mercure de France 57
(December I, 1905): 451-52; Vauxcelles, Louis. "La Vie artistique."
Gil Bias (October 26, 1905).

Exposition de peintures de MM. Camoin, Guerin, Friesz, Manguin,

Marquet, Matisse, Vlaminck
Paris: Prath and Magnier, December 1-31, 1905.

Brussels 1906
Exposition La Libre Esthetique
Brussels: February 22-March 25, 1906. (Seven works.)
Catalogue with preface by Octave Maus.

Le Havre 1906
456 EXHmmONS AND CATALOGUES

Exposition Au Cercle de !'Art Mode me

Le Havre: May 26-June 30, 1906. (Two Collioure landscapes.)

Paris 1906
Salon de Ia Societe des Artistes lndependants
Paris: Grandes Serres de Ia Ville de Paris, March 20-April 30, 1906.
(One work: Bonheur de vivre.)
Review: Boisard, A. "Salon des Independants." Le Monde illustre
(March 31, 1906); Cruey, Fran~ois. "Le Salon des Independants."
L 'Aurore (March 22, 1906); Denis, Maurice. "Le Renoncement de
Carriere, Ia superstition du talent." L 'Ermitage (June 15, 1906 );
Estienne, Charles. "Le Salon des Independants." La Liberti (March 21,
1906); Maus, Octave. "Salon des Independants." L'Art moderne (April
29, 1906); Morice, Charles. "Le XXII Salon des Independants."
Mercure de France 54 (April 15, 1906): 534-44; Review. Le Matin
d'Anvers (March 23, 1906); Jean Tavernier. "Le Salon des
Independants." Grande revue 38 (April I, 1906):101-106; Vauxcelles,
Louis. "Le Salon des Independants." Gil Bias (March 20, 1906): 1-2.

Exposition Henri Matisse

Paris: Galerie Druet, March 19-April 7, 1906. (Fifty-five paintings,
three sculptures; watercolors, drawings, lithos, woodcuts.)
Small catalogue with check-list of works exhibited; no text, two
reproductions ( Collioure, Vue de ma fenetre and Sketch for Bonheur de
vivre, nude with arms behind head) and brush and ink drawing on back
cover.
Review: Rosenthal, Leon. "Petits expositions." Chroniques des arts et
de la curiosite (March 31, 1906): 99-100.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Eiysees, October 6-November 15,
1906. (Five paintings.) Retrospectives of Carriere, Courbet, and
Gauguin; Russian Art Exhibition organized by Diaghilev.
Review: Denis, Maurice. "Le Soleil." L'Ermitage (December 15,
1906); Fontainas, Andre. "Le Salon d'Automne." L'Art moderne 42
(October 21, 1906): 332; Holl, J.-C. "Salon d' Automne." Cahiers d'art
et de litterature 5 (October 1906): 67-114; Jamot, Paul. "Le Salon
d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts 3, 36 (December I, 1906): 456-84; Kahn,
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 457

Gustave. "Lettre a un exposant du Salon d' Automne." La Phalange

(Oetober 15, 1906): 113-16; Marx, Roger. "Le Vernissage du Salon
d'Automne." Chronique des arts et de la curiosite (Oetober 6, 1906):
262-63; Mauclair, Camille. "La Crise de la laideur en peinture." La
Trois crises de la peinture actuelle, Paris: Fasquelle, 1907, 296-97;
Morice, Charles. "La IVe exposition du Salon d'Automne." Mercure de
France 64 (Deeember 1, 1906): 34-48; Vauxeelles, Louis. "Au Grand
Palais: Le Salon d'Automne." Gil Blas [supplement] (Oetober 5,
1906): I; "Au Vernissage du Salon d'Automne." Gil Blas (Oetober 6,
1906); [Unsigned.] Review. Petit Dauphinois (Oetober 1906).

Group Exposition [Fauves]

Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, November 1906.
Review: Jamot, Paul. "Petites expositions." Chronique des arts et de la
curiosite 24 (November 24, 1906): 316-17; Vauxeelles, Louis. "La Vie
artistique."Gil Blas (November 18, 1906).

Berlin 1907
Vierzehnte Ausstellung der Berliner Secession, Zeichnende Kunst
Berlin: Deeember 1907. (Eight drawings by Matisse.)

Budapest 1907
Tavaszi Kidllitds--Gauguin Cezanne Sth. Müvei
Budapest: Nemzeti Szalon, May 1907. (Drawings by Matisse.)

Hagen 1907
Nature mortes
Hagen: Folkwang Museum, November 1907. (Seven works by
Matisse.)

Le Havre 1907
2e Exposition Au Cercle d'Art Moderne
Le Havre: May-June 1907. (Two works by Matisse.)

Paris 1907
Salon de la Societe des Artistes Independants
Paris: Grandes Serres du Cours la Reine, Mareh 20-ApriI30, 1907.
(One painting, Blue nude, souvenir de Biskra, drawings, and woodeuts.)
458 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES

Review: Desvallieres, Georges. "A Propos des Independants." Grande

revue 42 (April 10, 1907): 117-24; and "Aux Serres du Cours-la-
Reine." (April 10, 1907): 139-47; Kahn, Gustave. "Review." L'Aurore
(1907); Malpel, Charles. "Le Salon des Independants," Le Telegramme
(Spring 1907); Marx, Roger. "Le Vernissage du Salon des Artistes
Independants." Chronique des arts et de la curiosite (March 23, 1907):
94-97; Morice, Charles. "Art moderne." Mercure de France 66 (April
15, 1907): 752-54; Perate, Andre. "Les Salons de 1907." Gaz. beaux-
arts 37 (May 1, 1907): 356; Thibault-Sisson, Fran\=ois. "LeSalon des
Independants." Le Petit temps (March 21, 1907); Vauxcelles, Louis.
"Le Salon des Independants." Gil Blas (March 20, 1907): 1.

Dessins, croquis, pastels et aquarelles de Camoin, Derain, Dufy, Friesz,

Manguin, Marquet, Matisse, Puy
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, March 30-ApriI15, 1907.
Review: Marx, Roger. "Petites expositions." Chronique des arts et de la
curiositee (March 30, 1907).

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, October 1-22,1907.
(Paintings including Music [Oil Sketch], and Luxe I.) Cezanne
Retrospective.
Review: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Le Salon d'Automne." Je dis tout
(October 12, 1907); Estienne, Charles. "Le Salon des 'Fauves'--
dissensions interieures." La Liberte (November 28, 1907);
Desvallieres, Georges. "Au Salon D'Automne." Grande revue 44
(October 10, 1907): 740-42; Jean-Aubry, Georges. "La peinture au
Salon d' Automne." L'Art moderne 43 (October 27, 1907); Kahn,
Gustave. Review. L'Aurore (Spring 1907); Malpel, Charles. "Le Salon
des Independants." Le Telegramme (Automne 1907); Marx, Roger.
"Le Vernissage du Salon d'Automne." Chroniques des arts et de La
curiosite (October 10, 1908): 323-28; Morice, Charles. "Art moderne."
Mercure de France 71 (November 1, 1907): 161-68; Perate, Andre.
"Salons de 1907." Gaz. beaux-arts (1907); Puy, Michel. "Les Fauves."
La Phalange (November 15, 1907): 450-59, reprinted in L'Effort des
peintres modernes, Paris: Messein, 1933; Rouart, Louis. "Reflexions
sur le Salon d'Automne, suivies d'une courte promenade au dit Salon."
L'Occident 12 (November 1907): 230-41; Thibault-Sisson, Fran\=ois.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 459

"Le Salon d'Automne." Le Petit Temps (Oetober I, 1907); Valloton

Felix. "Le Salon d'Automne." Grande revue (Oetober 25, 1907): 916-
24; Vauxeelles, Louis. "Le Salon d'Automne." Gi! Blas (September
30, 1907): 3.

Exposition Camoin, Derain, Manguiri, Marquet, Matisse, Van Dongen,

De VLaminck
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, November 1907.
Review: Hepp, Pierre. Review. Chroniques des arts et de La curiosite
35 (November 16, 1907): 332.

FLeurs et natures mortes

Paris: Galerie Bemheim-Jeune, November 14-30, 1907. (Two works
by Matisse.)
Review: Hepp, Pierre. Review. Chronique des arts de La curiosite 37
(November 30, 1907): 348; J.-F. Schnerb. "Fleurs et natures mortes;
ehez MM. Bemhiem-Jeune." Grand revue 46 (Deeember 10, 1907):
581-84.

Group Exhibition
Paris: Galerie Eugene Blot, Deeember 1907. (Two paintings.)

Portraits d'hommes
Paris: Galerie Bemheim-Jeune, Deeember 16, 1907-January 4, 1908.
(Matisse's Self-Portrait.)
Review: Hepp, Pierre. "Exposition portraits d'homme." Chronique des
Arts et de La curiosite 1 (January 6, 1908): 3.

Vienna 1907
PauL Gauguin et Les autres [Signac, Puy, Matisse, Marquet]
Vienna: Galerie Miethke, March-April 1907.

Berlin 1908-09
Henri Matisse Exhibition (with others)
Berlin: Paul Cassirer, Deeember 1908-January 1909.
Review: M[ax] O[sbom]. "Matisse Ausstellung." Kunstchronik 20
(February 5, 1909): 238-39.
460 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Le Havre 1908
Exposition Au Cercle d'Art Moderne
Le Havre: Hotel de Ville du Havre, May-June 1908.
Catalogue with preface by GuiIlaume Apollinaire.

London 1908
Group Exhibition ofthe International Society of Painters, Sculptors
and Engravers
London: New Gallery, January 1908.

Moscow 1908
Le Salon de la Toison d'or [Braque. Derain. Manguin. Marquet.
Matisse. PuyJ
Moscow: Offices of the Toison d'or, April II-May 24, 1908. (Three to
five works by Matisse.)
Review: Zolotoye Runo [Toison d'orJ (April 1908); Matisse works in
exhibition reproduced; articIe by Charles Morice, "Nouvelles tendances
de I' art fran'fais."

New York 1908

An Exhibition of Drawings. Lithographs, Water Colors and Etchings
by M. Henri Matisse
New York: The Little Galleries of the Photo Secession, April 6-25,
1908.
Review: Cary, Elizabeth Luther. New York Times; Chamberlain, J.
Edgar. New York Evening Mai! (1908), reprinted in Camera Work
(July 1908); Huneker, James. "On the Photo-Secession Exhibition."
New York Sun (July 1908), reprinted in Camera Work (July 1908);
Kerfoot, J. B. "Henri Matisse, a Retrospect." Camera Work 25
(January 1909): 45-46; The Scrip (June 1908).

Paris 1908
Salon de la Societe des Artistes Independants
Paris: Grandes Serres de la Ville de Paris, March 20-May 2, 1908.
(Matisse not exhibiting.)
Review: Denis, Maurice. "Liberte epuisante et sterile." Grande revue
April 10, 1908 [Comments negativelyon Matisse's qualities, evident in
the work of his followersl; Marx, Roger. "Le Salon des Artistes
Independants." Chronique des arts et de la curiosite 13 (March 28,
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 461

1908): 116 [admits that "Fauve" experiments in distortion and arbitrary

color leave the critic only with a question of their "good faith," critical
judgment having been rendered useless]; Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Salon
des Independants." Gil Bias (March 20, 1908).

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Eiysees, October !-November 8, 1908.
(Eleven paintings, thirteen bronzes and works in plaster; six drawings;
thirty works in all by Matisse.)
Reviews: Bovy, Adrien. "Le Salon D'Automne." Grand revue 51
(October 10, 1908): 558-69; Estienne, Charles. "Le Salon d' Automne
II." La Liberti (October 1, 1908); Hepp, Pierre. "Les Expositions."
Grande revue 52 (December 25, 1908): 603-07, and "Les
Expositions." ibid., 57 (January 10, 1909): 191-95; Hepp, Pierre. "Le
Salon d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts 3, 40 (November 1, 1908): 381-
401; Jean-Aubry, Georges. "Le Salon d'Automne." L'Art Mode me 43
(November 1, 1908): 34; Marx, Roger. "Le Vernissage du Salon
d'Automne." Chroniques des arts et de Ia curiosite 32 (October 10,
1908): 323-28; Morice, Charles. "Art modern e." Mercure de France 76
(November 1, 1908): 155-66; Peladan, M. J. "Le Salon d'Automne et
ses retrospectives--Greco et Monticelli." Rev. hebdomadaire 42
(October 17, 1908) 360-61; Thibault-Sisson, Fran~ois. "Le Salon
d'Automne." Le Petit temps (September 30, 1908); [Review of
Autumn Salon.] The Nation (October 29, 1908); with response by
Berenson, Bernard. "Letter to the Editor." The Nation (November 12,
1908); Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Salon d'Automne," Gil Bias (September
30, 1908): I.

Exposition d'aquarelles, dessins et croquis [Lebasque, Lehmann,

Manguin, Marquet, de Mathan, Matisse, Puy]
Paris: Berthe Weill Gallery, December 11-31, 1908.

Hagen 1909
Sonderausstellung
Hagen: Folkwang Museum, August 4-September 16, 1909.

Moscow 1909
2e Salon de Ia Toison d'Or
462 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Moscow: La Toison d'or [Zolotoye Runo] Offices, January 24-February

28, 1909. (Nine drawings and four paintings by Matisse.)
Review: Mercereau, Alexandre. "Henri Matisse et Ia peinture
contemporaine." Zolotoye Runo [Toison d'or] 6 (1909): illus: 3-14,
text: I-X. Russian translation of Matisse's "Notes of a Painter."

Odessa, Kiev, St. Petersburg, Riga 1909-10

Salon /zdebsky: First International Exhibition of Paintings, Sculptures,
Graphic Art and Drawings
Odessa: December 17, 1909-February 6, 1910; Kiev; St. Petersburg:
Late April, 1910; Riga: until July 7, 1910.
Catalogue: Salon. Katalog internatsional'noi vystavki Kartin,
Skul'ptury, Graviury i risunkov. 1909-1910.
Reviews: Khardzhiev, N. "Maiakovskii i zhivopis." Apollon (1910) I,
237, II: 31; "0 Salone Izdebskago." Zolotoye Runo [Toison d'or]
11112 (1909): 95; Rostislavov, A. "Khudozhestvennaia zhizn'
Peterburga." Apollon 8 (1910): 47; Tugenhold, I. "Le Nu dans !'art
fran~ais." Apollon (October-November 1910): 17-29.

Paris 1909
Salon de La Societe des Artistes lndependants
Paris: Temporary Barracks, Jardin des Tuileries, March 25-May 2,
1909. (Two paintings and two studies by Matisse.)
Review: Denis, Maurice. "De Gauguin et Van Gogh au classicisme."
L 'Occident (May 1909); Malpel, Charles. "Le Salon des Independants."
Le Telegramme (Spring 1909); Marx, Roger. "Le Vernissage du Vingt-
cinquieme lndependants." Chronique des arts et de La curiosite 13 (March
27, 1909): 99-101; Morice, Charles. "Le Salon des lndependants."
Mercure de France (April 16, 1909); Salmon, Andre. "Le Salon des
Independants." L'lntransigeant (March 26 and 27, 1909); Vauxcelles,
Louis. "Le Salon des Independants." Gil Bias (March 25, 1909).

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-E1ysees, October !-November 8, 1909.
(Two paintings.) Von Marees Retrospective.
Review: Mal pel, Charles. "Le Salon d' Automne a Paris." L e
Tetegramme (January 1909); Marx, Roger. "Le Vernissage du Salon
EXHlBmONS AND CATALOOUES 463

d' Automne."Chronique des arts et de la curiosite 32 (October 9, 1909):

255-57.

Group Exhibition
Paris: Galerie Eugene BIot, November 13, 1909. (Two paintings by
Matisse.)

Vienna 1909
International Secession Exhibition
Vienna: May-October, 1909. (Two works by Matisse.)

Berlin 1910
Berlin Secession Ausstellung
Berlin: Spring, 1910. (Two portraits by Matisse.)

Brighton 1910
Modern French Artists
Brighton: Public Art Galleries, June 1910. (Two stilllifes by Matisse.)
Catalogue 0/ the Work 0/ Modern French Artists, preface by Robert
DelI, Roger Fry's secretary.

Brussels 1910
Exposition Le Libre Esthhique: I'evolution du paysage
BrusseIs: March I2-April 17, 1910. (Two paintings by Matisse.)

Budapest 1910
Exposition Impressioniste
Budapest: Novaszhaz, April-May 1910. (Two paintings by Matisse.)

Dusseldorf 1910
Sonderbund Ausstellung
Dusseldorf: Kunstpalast, July 16-0ctober 9, 1910. (One painting,
Bathers with a Turtle, exhibited by Matisse.)

Review: Niemaeyer, Oskar. "Henri Matisse, Der Architektonische

Rythmus." Sonderbund 19/0 Denkschrift.

Florence 1910
464 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Prima mostra italiana dell'impressionismo

Florenee: Lyeeum Club, under auspiees of La voce, April 20-May 5,
1910. (One landseape by Matisse, owned by Bernard Berenson, loaned
to exhibit.)
Review: Soffiei, Ardengo. "L'Impressionismo a Firenze," La voce
(May 12, 1910).

Leipzig 1910
Exposition d'art franr;ais XVllIe, XIXe, XXe siede
Leipzig: Kunstverein, Oetober-November 1910. (Two paintings by
Matisse.)

London 1910-11
Manet and the Post-Impressionists
London: Grafton Galleries, November 8, 191O-January 15,1911. (Three
paintings, eight bronzes, twelve drawings, and a vase.)
Catalogue with prefaee by Desmond MeCarthy and notes by Roger Fry.
Review: Fry, Roger. "Art, the Post-Impressionists, 11." The Nation
(Deeember 3, 1910): 403, idem, "Post-Impressionism." Fortnightly
Rev. 89 (May 1, 1911); Holmes, C. J. Notes on the Post-
Impressionist Painters: Grafton Galleries, 1910-11. London: Philip
Lee Warn er, 1910; Konody, P. G. "Grafton Gallery Exhibition."
Observer (November 13, 1910).

New York 1910

An exhibition of Drawings, Painting [one], and Photographs of Works
by Henri Matisse
New York: The Little Galleries of the Photo Seeeession, February 27-
Mareh 20, 1910. (At least twenty-four drawings.)
Review: Cary, Elizabeth Luther. New York Times; Chamberlain, J.
Edgar. Evening Mail; Harrington, J. New York Herald; Hoeber,
Arthur. The Globe; Huneker, James G. New York Sun; Mather, Frank
Jewett. Evening Post; Stephenson, B.P. Evening Post. These are
summarized in two issues of Camera Work 30 (April 10, 1910 ): 47-
53and31 (July 1910):46-7.

Paris 1910
EXHIBITIONS AND CATALOGUES 465

Exposition Henri Matisse

Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune et Cie, February 14-22, 1910. Actually
ran from February 14 -March 5. (Sixty-five paintings, twenty-six
drawings.)
Small catalogue with check-list of works; five reproductions, one a
drawing of a seated boy for Game 01 Bowls.
Reviews: Morice, Charles. "A qui la couronne?" Le Temps (February
22, 1910); Riviere, Jacques. "Une Exposition de Henri Matisse."
Nouvelle rev.lranfaise 16 (April 1910): 531-34, reprinted in Etudes,
42-46. Paris: NRF, 1911; Salmon, Andre. "Henri Matisse." Paris-
Journal (February 15, 1910); Schnerb, J. F. "Exposition Henri Matisse
(Galerie Bernheim Jeune)." Chroniques des arts et de la curiosite 8
(1910): 59.

Salon de la Sociite des Artistes !ndependants

Paris: Temporary Rooms, Cours la Reine, March 18-May 1, 1910.
(One painting by Matisse, Girl with Tulips [Jeanne Vaderin}.)
Reviews: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Prenez garde ala peinture! Le Salon
des Independants." L'!ntransigeant (March 18, 1910); Bidou, Henri. "Le
Salons 1910." Gaz. beaux-arts 52 (May 1910): 361-78, (June 1910):
470-98, (July 1910): 26-50; Puy, Michel. "Le Dernier etat de la
peinture." [1910], reprinted in L'Effort des peintres modernes, 103-04.
Paris: Messein, 1933; Vauxcelles, Louis. "A travers les salons:
promenades aux 'Independants'." Gil Blas (March 18, 1910).

D 'Apres les maftres [First modern commercial exhibition of copies.]

Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, April 18-30, 1910. (Matisse showed a drawing
after Delacroix.)

Nus (Group show)

Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, May 17-28, 1910. (Four drawings.)

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, October I-November 8, 1910.
(Dance 11 and Music exhibited.)
Reviews: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "The Opening of the Salon
d'Automne." L'!ntransigeant (October I, 1910); Apollinaire,
Guillaume. "Le Salon d'Automne." Poesie (Autumn 1910); Benois,
466 EXHmmONS AND CATALOGUES

Alexandre. "Lettres sur I'art; impressions moskovites." Retch

(February 17, 1911), [As much a commentary on the Shchukine
collection, as the Salon]; Dorgeles, P.c.c.R. , "Le Prince des Fauves."
Fantasio 5, 105 (December 1, 1910): 299-300; F. M. "Le Salon
d'Automne." L'Art et les artistes 68 (November 1910); Fontainas,
Andre. "Le Salon d'Automne." L'Art moderne (October 15, 1910): 329-
30; Fry, Roger. "The Autumn Salon." The Nation (October 29, 1910),
idem, "Le Salon d'automne." Gaz. beaux-arts (November 1910);
Morice, Charles. "Le Salon d'Automne." Mercure de France (November
1, 1910); Mourey, Gabriel. "Le le~on du Salon d'Automne." Paris-
Journal (November 13, 1910); Rude, Leopold. "Le Salon d'Automne."
Gil Blas (September 30,1910); "Le Salon d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-
arts (November 1910): 370; Skrotsky, "Iz Parija [From Paris: Le
Salon d'Automne]. " Odesskii Listok 267 (November 20, 1910);
Tugenhold, Yakov. "Osenny salon [Salon d'Automne]." ApolIon 12
(1910); "Le Salon d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts (November 1910):
370; [Unidentified.] "Le Salon d' Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts
(November 1910).
Exposition des eleves de Gustave Moreau
Paris: Galerie Hessele, November 1910.
Review: "Les Eleves de Gustave Moreau (chez Hessele)." Bull. de l'art
ancien et moderne 490 (November 26, 1910): 286-87.

Prague 1910
Societe des artistes Manes: Les lndependants
Prague: Manes Gallery, February-March, 1919. (Six drawings and four
sculptures.)
Review: Utitz, Emil. Review. Die Kunst für alle (April 1919): 334.

Saint Petersburg 1910

Exposition de dessins, lithographies et aquarelles des artistes franfais
.contemporains
Saint Petersburg: Offices of ApolIon, February-March 1910.

Berlin 1911
XXII Berliner Secession
Berlin: April 1911. [French group around Matisse called
expressionists. ]
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 467

Paris 1911
Salon de la Sociere des Artistes Independants
Paris: Quai d'Orsay, April 21-June \3, 1911. (Two paintings, a portrait
and Manila Shawl [l'Espagnole], which is replaced by The Pink Studio
before the show ended.)
Reviews: Allard, Roger. "Salon des Independants." La Rue (May 5,
1911); Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Salon des Independants."
L'lntransigeant (April 20, 1911), and "Artistes d'aujourd'hui et les
nouvelles disciplines." ibid., (April 21, 1911); Frappier, Georges.
"L'Exposition des Independants." La Republique (April 22, 1911);
Guilbeaux, Henri. "Les Independants." Hommes du jour (April 29,
1911); Guillaume-Janneau, Charles. "Les Independants." Gil Blas
(April 20, 1911); Lecomte, Georges. "Le Salon des Independants." Le
Matin (April 20, 1911); Marx, Roger. "Le Vernissage du Salon des
Independants." Chroniques des arts et de la curiosite 2 (January 14,
1911): 123-26; Richard, Frantz. "Le Salon des Independants, deux
kilometres entre les Fauves." Gil Blas (April 21, 1911): 2; Review.
Fantasio (May 1, 1911); Salmon, Andre. "Le 27e Salon des
Independants." Paris-Journal (April 20, 1911): 5; Salmon, Andre (La
Palette). "Courrier des ateliers." Paris-Journal (April 25, 1911): 4;
"Courrier des ateliers." ibid., (April 27, 1911): 5; Vauxcelles, Louis.
"Salon des Independants." L'Aero (April 23, 1911); [Unsigned.]
"Independent artists in Paris." The Times (April 24, 1911); [Unsigned.]
"Le Salon des Independants." La Vie artistique (April 1911);
[Unsigned.] "Une Promenade au Salon des Independants." Petit journal
(April 27, 1911); "Independent Artists in Paris." Times (April 24,
1911 ).

Exposition de l' eau

Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, June 26-July 18, 1911. (Two paintings by
Matisse.)
Review: Bidou, Henry. "Exposition de l'eau." Chroniques des arts et de
la curiosite 24 (July I, 1911): 190.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, October I-November 8, 1911.
(Two paintings one of wh ich was Interior with Eggplants.)
468 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Reviews: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Le Salon d'Automne."

L'Intransigeant (Oetober 12, 1911) and Mercure de France (Oetober 16,
1911); Des Gasehons, Jaeques. "La Peinture d'apres demain." Je sais
tout (April 15, 1912); Goldsehmidt, Ernst. "Strejtog i Kunsten, Henri
Matisse." Politiken (November 24, 1911); Jean-Aubry, Georges. "Le
Salon d'Automne, 111." L'Art moderne 43 (Oetober 22, 1911); Marx,
Roger. "Le Vernissage du Salon d' Automne." Chronique des arts 31
(Oetober 7, 1911) : 242-44; Salmon, Andre. "Review." Paris-Journal
(September 30, 1911); Vauxeelles, Louis. "Au Grand Palais: Le Salon
d'Automne." Gil Blas (September 30, 1911): 1.

Cologne 1912
Sonderbund Internationale Kunstausstelllung
Cologne: Städtische Ausstellungshalle, May 25-September 30, 1912.
(Five paintings.)

Review: Fortlage, Arnold. "Die Internationale Ausstellung des

Sonderbunds in Köln." Kunst u. Künstler (November 1912): 84-93.

Leipzig 1912
Leipziger Jahresausstellung 1912
Leipzig: April 7-end of June 1912. (Two paintings.)

London 1912
Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition
London: Grafton Galleries, Oetober 5-Deeember 31,1912. (Nineteen
paintings, eight seulptures, eleven drawings, and some prints.)
Catalogue with essay by Roger Fry; frontispieee of Matisse's Girl with
Black Cat in color and six of the other thirty-nine reproduetions are of
Matisse works.
Review: "Post-Impressionist Exhibition, Matisse and Pieasso." London
Times (Oetober 4, 1912); Fry, Roger. "The Grafton Gallery: An
Apologia." The Nation (November 9, 1912): 250-51; Hind, C. Lewis.
"Ideals of Post Impressionism: Matisse Who Diseards All Tradition:
Joyous Works." Daily Chronicle (Oetober 5, 1912); Konody, P. G.
"The Comie Cubists: Laughable Pietures at the Grafton Galleries."
Daily Mail (Oetober 5, 1912); idem, "More Post-Impressionism at the
Grafton: the Frenehmen." Observer (Oetober 6, 1912); See, R.R.M.
"Les Arts: L' exposition post-impression niste a la Grafton Gallery de
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 469

Londres." Gil Blas (Oetober 4, 1912); [Unsigned.] "The Post-

Impressionsts: An Interesting Exhibition." The Morning Advertiser
(Oetober 4, 1912.

Moscow 1912
lack 0/ Diamonds [Valet de carreauJ
Moseow: January-February 1912 (Three drawings.)

Munich 1912
Neue Kunst, Erste Gesamtausstellung
Munieh: Gallery Hans Goltz, Oetober 1912. (Two paintings.)

New York 1912

An Exhibition 0/ Sculpture (first in America) and Recent Drawings by
Henri Matisse
New York: Gallery "291," March 14-ApriI6, 1912. (Six bronzes, five
works in pIaster, one terra eotta; twelve drawings.)
Reviews: Hoeber, Arthur. New York Globe; Huneeker, James. New
York Sun;; L1oyd, David. New York Evening Post; de Kay, Charles.
"Matisse-Seulpture? 'Mazette!'" American Art News 10,24 (March
23, 1912): 8; Hartmann, Sadakiehi. "One More Matisse." Camera Work
39 (July 1912): 23, 33; these are summarized in Camera Work 38
(April 1912).

Paris 1912
Salon de la Triennale
Paris: Salle de Jeu de Paume, June, 1912. (One painting by Matisse,
aeeording to Apollinaire [L'lntransigeant, June 30, 1912].)

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs Elysees, Oetober IO-November 8,
1912. (Two works.)
Reviews: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Le Salon d'Automne."
L'lntransigeant (Oetober 2, 1912); idem, "L'Art et la euriosite, origines
de eubisme." Le Temps (Oetober 14, 1912); Huneeker, James. "Deeade
of the New Art Moves Toward Big Changes." New York Sun
(November 1912); Jean-Aubry, Georges. "Le Salon d'Automne, II."
L'Art moderne 41 (Oetober 13, 1912); Kahn, Gustave. "Art [Salon
470 EXHmmONS AND CATALOGUES

d'Automne]." Mercure de France (Oetober 1912): 881; Marx, Roger.

"Le Vernissage du Salon d' Automne." Chronique des arts et de la
curiosite 31 (Oetober 5, 1912): 247-54; Vauxeelles, Louis. "Le Salon
d'Automne." Gil Blas (September 30,1912).

Zurich 1912
Moderner Bund
Zurich: Kunsthaus, July 7-31, 1913. (Four paintings by Matisse; also
exhibiting: Arp, Delaunay, Kandinsky, Klee, and Mare.)

Berlin 1913
Berliner Secession Ausstellung
Berlin, April- May 1913. (Four paintings including Dance I.)
Review: Elias, Julius. "Französische Kunst, 1913." Kunst u. Künstler
(February 1914): 292-93; Scheffler, K. "Die Jüngsten." Kunst u.
Künstler (May 1913): 391-409; Vollert, Konrad. "Die XXVI
Ausstellung der Berliner Seeeession." Deutsche Kunst u. Dekoration
(July 1913): 239-45; Waldmann, Emil. "Die Berliner Seeession." Kunst
u. Künstler (July 1913): 501-14.

Henri Matisse, Moroccan Paintings

Berlin: Kunstsalon Fritz Gurlitt, May 1-10,1913.
Review: [Unsigned.] Kunstchronik 33 (1913): 177.

Kollektionen: Henri Matisse, Franz Heckendorf, E. L. Kirchner, George

Leschnitzer
Berlin: Kunstsalon Fritz Gurlitt, November 1913. (Twelve paintings,
drawings and lithographs.)

Budapest 1913
Exhibition
Budapest: Möveszhaz, April-May 1913. (One landscape.)

London 1913-1914
Post-Impressionists and Futurists
London: Don! Galleries, Oetober 12-January 15, 1914. (Two paintings
and five lithographs.)
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 471

Exhibition organized by Frank Rutter, curator of the Leeds City Art

Gallery.

Munich 1913
11. Gesamtausstellung
Munich: Gallery Hans Goltz, August-September 1913. (Two paintings,
one sculpture.)

New York 1913

The International Exhibition of Modern Art
New York: Armory ofthe Sixty-Ninth Infantry, February 15-March 15,
1913. (Seventeen works: thirteen paintings, three drawings, one
sculpture.)
Smaller versions of the show: Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago,
March 24-ApriI16, 1913; Boston: Copley Hall, April 28-May 19,
1913.
Reviews: Cortissoz, Royal. "The Post-Impressionist Illusion." Century
Magazine 85,6 (April 1913): 812; Cox, Kenyon. Review. Harper's
Weekly (March 15, 1913); idem, "The New Art: On Cubism and
Futurism." New York Sunday Times (March 16, 1913); Mather, Frank
Jewett. "Old and New Art." The Nation (March 1913); idem, "Ne west
Tendencies in Art." The Independent (March 6, 1913); Pach, Walter.
"L'Art aux Etats-Unis." La Vie (September 6, 1913); Philpot, A. J.
"Marvels of Modernity in the Name of Art," Boston Globe (April 28,
1913); Street, Julian. "Why I Became a Cubist." Everybody's
Magazine (June 1913): 818-19; W. H. D. "Art That Merely Amuses."
Boston Evening Transcript (April 28, 1913); [Unsigned.] "The 'Ism'
Exhibition." New York Tribune (February 17, 1913).

Paris 1913
Exposition Henri Matisse, Tableaux du Moroc et Sculpture
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, April 14-19, 1913. (Fourteen paintings,
at least six drawings, and a survey of his sculpture.)
Small catalogue with six line drawings reproduced; no text.
Reviews: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Henri Matisse." L 'Intransigeant
(April 17, 1913), and "Henri Matisse." ibid., (April 28, 1913);
"Ausstellung," Kunstchronik: Wochenschrift für Kunst und
Kunstgewerbe 24,33 (May 16, 1913): 482; Jean, Rene. "Exposition
472 EXHmmONS AND CATALOOUES

Henri Matisse." Chronique des Arts et de la curiosite 16 (April 19,

1913): 125; Sembat, Marcel, "Henri Matisse." Les Cahiers
d'aujourd'hui 4 (April 1913): 185-94; Vauxcelles, Louis. "Les Arts:
Exposition Louis Charlot et Matisse." Gil Blas (April 20, 1913).

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, November 15, 1913-January
5, 1914. (One painting, Portrait of Mme Matisse.)
Reviews: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "Le Salon d'Automne: Henri
Matisse." Les Soirees de Paris (November 15, 1913): 16; idem, "M.
Berard Inaugurates the Salon d'Automne." L'Intransigeant (November
14, 1913); Benn, Joachim. "Der Pariser Herbstsalon [1913]." Die
Rheinlande (June 1914): 37-38; Dreyfus, Albert. "Der Pariser
Herbstsalon [1913]." Kunstchronik (January 16, 1914): 219-23; Fargue,
Leon-Paul. "Au Salon d' Automne." Nouvelle rev. franrais (January 1,
1914; Goldschmitt, Lucien. "Strejtog i Kunsten." Politiken (December
5, 1913, includes interview of 1912); Jean-Aubry, Georges. "Le Salon
d' Automne, 11: peinture-sculpture." L'Art moderne 49 (December 7,
1913); Salmon, Andre. "Le Salon." Montjoie! 1 (November-
December, 1913): 4; Sillart. "Salon d'Automne [Ossennii Salon]."
ApolIon 1-2 (1914): 47-63; Thibault-Sisson, Fran~ois. "Le Salon
d'Automne: La Peinture." Temps (November 16, 1913); de Thubert,
Emmanuel. "Au Salon d' Automne." L'Art de France (December 1913):
473-87; Vauxcelles, Louis. "Le Salon d'Automne." Gil Blas
(November 7, 1913; special supp.).

Exposition d'affiches originales

Paris: Galerie Druet, November 1913.
Review: Hautecoeur, Louis. "Exposition d'affiches originales."
Chroniques des arts et de La curiosite 34 (November 8, 1913): 268.

Rome 1913
Rome Secession Exhibit
Rome: Summer, 1913.
Review: Cantu, Arnoldo. "La Secessione Romana." Vita d'Arte (July-
August 1913): 44-60 [cites Matisse and other young French artists as
the most interesting; singles out Matisse's Poissons Rouges for
discussion]; Cecchi, Emilio. "Esposizione romane. Impressionisti
EXJ-DBmONS AND CATALOGUES 473

francesi." Il Marzocco (April 20, 1913); Nebbia, Ugo. "Sul

movimento pittorico contemporaneo." Emporium (December 1913):
421-38.

Vienna 1913
Die Neue Kunst [Impressionist, Expressionist, Cubist, etc.}
Vienna: Galerie Miethke, January-February 1913. (One painting.)
Catalogue with preface by Adolphe Basler. Works by Monet, Van
Gogh, Cezanne, Marchand, Matisse, Picasso, Rappaport, and Melzer
shown.
Review: FischeI, Hartwig. "Aus dem viener Kunstleben." Kunst u.
Kunsthandwerk 2 (1913): 135-37.

Berlin 1914
Henri Matisse, Sammlung des Herrn Michel Stein in Paris
Berlin: Gurlitt Gallery, Mid-July-August I, 1914. (Nineteen paintings,
seized at the outbreak ofWorld War I.)

Brussels 1914
Salon Triennial
Brussels: May 1914. (Matisse sent Bonheurde vivre)
Review: Apollinaire, Guillaume. "French Exhibitions Abroad." Paris-
Journal (May 15, 1914); Review. Bulletin [de la Galerie Bernheim-
Jeune} 7 (May 14, 1914).

Düsseldorf 1914
Exhibition (collective)
Düsseldorf: Gallery Flechtheim, Late December 1913-January 1914.
(One painting, probably The Red Studio.) Traveled to Cologne:
Deutscher Werkbund, March-October 1914.

Munich 1914
Neue Kunst
Munich: Gallery Hans Goltz, Summer 1914. (Three paintings.)

Paris 1914
Matisse not in Salon des Independants nor Salon d'Automne.
474 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

General Salon Reviews: Andre Salmon. Review. Montjoie! (March

1914): 25; Levinson, Andre. "Expositions des Quatorze, jeunes
disciples de Cezanne." Apollon 6-7 (1914): 39-45; Schnerb, J.-F. "Les
Salons de 1914: Salon des Independants (l)." Gaz. beaux-arts (April
1914): 297-308; idem, "Societe Nationale des Beaux Arts (2)." (May
1914): 405-24; idem, "Societe des Artistes fran~ais (3)." (June 1914):
491-501; idem, 4 (July 1915): 67-80.

"La Peau de !'ours" Collection vente

Paris: Hotel Drouot, March 2, 1914. (Ten early Matisse paintings
sold.)
Review: Comoedia (March 3, 1914); Delcourt. "Avant !'invasion."
Paris-Midi (March 3, 1914).

Dessins
Paris: Cercle Carre, March 23-early April, 1914.

Le Paysage du Midi
Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, June 8-16, 1914. (Two paintings by Matisse.)

Rome 1914
2nd Esposizione internazionale d'arte "della Secessione"
Rome: Spring 1914. [Canvases by Constantini, Oppo, Matisse,
Cezanne, etc.; sculpture by de Melli.]
Review: Cantu, Arnoldo. "La Seconda Secessione romana." Vita d'arte
(May 1914): 108-15; Cecchi, Emilio. "Note retrospettive de
esposizione." ll Marzocco (July 19, 1914); Review. Le Bulletin [de Ia
Galerie Bemheim-Jeune] I (January 29, 1914).

New York 1915

Henri Matisse Exhibition, Paintings, Drawings, Etchings, Lithographs
and Sculpture
New York: Montross Gallery, January 20-February 27, 1915. (Fourteen
paintings, eleven sculptures, five drawings, twenty-four etchings,
nineteen lithos.)
Catalogue with no text but well illustrated with thirteen half-tone
reproductions and Goldfish in color and Steichen's photo portrait of
Matisse.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 475

Review: "Art Notes." New York Evening Post (January 23, 1915);
Pach, Walter. "Why Matisse?" Century Mag. 89 (February 6, 1915):
633-36; "Matisse at Montross." American Art News (January 23,
1915); American Art News (February 13, 1915).

New York 1916

Exhibition of Modem Art Arranged by a Group of European and
American Artists
New York: Bourgeois Galleries, April 1916. (Matisse showed two
paintings, three drawings, seven monotypes.)

Oslo 1916
Den Franske Udstilling (Modem French Art)
Oslo: Kunstnerforbundet, November 18-December 10, 1916. (Five
paintings, ten drawings, ten etchings by Matisse; four paintings and six
drawings by Marguerite Matisse.)
Catalogue with texts by Jean Cocteau, Apollinaire, and Andre Salmon;
exhibit organized by Walther Halvorson who, with his wife Greta
Prozor, was a student of Matisse.

Paris 1916
La Triennale
Paris: Jeu de Paume, March 2-April 15, 1916. (Two drawings by
Matisse.)
Review: Kahn, Gustave. "Arts." Mercure de France (March 1916): 321-
22; Vernay, Jacques. "La Trienna1e, exposition de l'art fran<;ais." Arts
(April 1916): 25-28.

Group Exhibition
Paris: Ga1erie des lndependants, June 13, 1916. (Derain, Dufy, Matisse,
and others).

Exposition de Peinture Serie C

Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, June 19-30, 1916. (Three paintings by
Matisse.)

L'Art modeme en France (Salon d'Antin)

Paris: Barbazanges Gallery (Studio Paul Poiret), July 16-31, 1916.
(Two paintings and several drawings by Matisse in show organized by
476 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Andre Salmon; Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon in first public

showing.)
Review: Bissiere, Roger. "Beaux-Arts et curiosite, Ia logique des
expositions." L'Opinion (July 22, 1916): 95-96.

"Lyre et Palette" Exposition (organized by Salmon)

Paris: Salle Huygens (Studio of Emile Lejeune), November 19-
December 5, 1916.

Exhibition, Blanc et Nair

Paris: Bongard exhibition space, Winter 1915-1916.

Philadelphia 1916
Advanced Modem Art
Philadelphia: McClees Galleries, May 17-June 15, 1916. (Two
paintings.)

Winterthur 1916
Exposition d'artfranr;ais
Winterthur: Kunstverein, October 29-November 26, 1916; traveled to
Basel: Kunsthalle, January 10-February 4, 1917. (Three works.)
Catalogue with text by Theodore Duret.

Basel 1917
Exhibition d'art franr;ais
Basel: Kunsthalle Basel, January 10-February 4, 1917.

Frankfort 1917
Die Neue Kunst aus Frankfurter Privatbesitz
Frankfort: Kunstverein, 1917
Review: MUller-Wulkow, W. "Die Ausstellung der vereinigung fiir
Neue Kunst in Frankfurt a. Main." Das Kunstblatt (1917).

New York 1917

Group Show
New York: Bourgeois Galleries, February 10-May 10, 1917.

Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists

New York: Grand Central Palace, March 1917.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 477

Group Show
New York: Bourgeois Galleries, November 11-December II, 1917.

Paris 1917
Exposition d'un groupe d'artistes independants
Paris: Galerie Goupil, April-June 1917. (One painting, drawings.)

Exposition de Peinture Serie D

Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, May I-ll, 1917. (Two paintings by Matisse.)

Exposition de peinture modeme

Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, June 14-23, 1917. (One painting by Matisse.)

Exposition Matisse
Paris: Gal erie Paul Guillaume, December 1917.
Review: L'Eventail, December 15, 1917.

Oslo 1918
Den Franske Udstilling (Corot aMatisse)
Oslo: Kunstnerforbundet, January 18-late February, 1918; traveled to
Helsinki: Franska Konstutstallningen; Stockholm: Exhibition of
French Art; Copenhagen: Danske Kunsthandel, January 16-February 2,
1919. (Eleven paintings, five drawings, and five monotypes by
Matisse.)
Catalog with texts by Matisse on Renoir and Cezanne, by Theodore
Duret, and by Walther Halvorsen.

Paris 1918
Oeuvres de Matisse et de Picasso
Paris: Galerie Paul Guillaume, January 23-February 15, 1918. (Twelve
paintings and several watercolors and drawings by Matisse.)
Catalogue with essays by Guilluame Apollinaire.
Reviews: Bissiere, Roger. "Exposition Picasso-Matisse." Paris-Midi;
Chinet. Review. L'Eventail, March 15, 1918; Leblond, Marius-Ary.
"Les Derniers Matisse." La Vie 7 (January 1918): 32; Vauxcelles,
Louis. "Matisse et Picasso." Le Pays ( 1918).

Exposition au profit des oeuvres de guerre

Paris: Petit Palais, May-June 1918.
478 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Review: Elias, Julius. "Nach der heroischen Zeit." Kunst u. Kiinstler

(December 19, 1918): 83-97; Mille, P. "Le Salon de 1918." Gaz.
beaux-arts (April-June 1918): 198-220.

London 1919
Modern French Art: Picasso, Matisse, De rain, Modigliani, Vlaminck
London: Mansard Gallery, August !-September 1919.
Catalogue preface by Arnold Bennett; show organized by Osbert and
Sacheverell Sitwell with Leopold Zborowski.

Pictures by Henri Matisse and Sculpture by Maillol

London: The Leicester Galleries, November-December, 1919. (Fifty-one
works, including prints, three drawings, mostly recent.)
Catalogue with 1913 text by Apollinaire.
Review: "Exposition de l'oeuvre de Henri Matisse aux Leicester
Galleries." Burlington Mag. (December 1919): 281; I plate; M.S.P.
"Modern French Art." Burlington Mag. (September 1919): 120-125;
two illus.

New York 1919

Exhibition of Paintings by Courbet, Manet, Degas, Renoir, Cezanne,
Seurat, Matisse
New York: Marius De Zayas Gallery, November 17-December 6, 1919.

Paris 1919
Oeuvres recentes de Henri-Matisse
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, May 2-16, 1919.
Small catalogue with thirty-six paintings listed; ten reproductions, no
text.
Review: Cocteau, Jean. "Deformation professionelle." Le Rappel a
l'ordre (May 12, 1919), reprinted in Rappel d !'order, 1918-1926,
Paris: Stock, 1926; Hoppe, Ragnar. "My Visit with Matisse [June
1919]." Stader och Konstniirrer (1920); Lhote, Andre. "Une Exposition
Matisse." Nouvelle rev. franr;aise 70 (July 1919).

La Triennale, exposition d'art franr;ais

Paris: Ecole des Beaux-Arts, May 5-June 30, 1919.
Review: Bouyer, R. "Les Salons de 1919." Gaz. beaux-arts (April-June
1919): 144-176; de Felice, Roger. "La Peinture au Grand Palais: Ia
Triennale." Arts et decoration (July-August 1919): 65-75, [Matisse
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 479

among thirteen works illustrated]; Hamel, Maurice. "Les Salons de

1919." Les Arts 175 (1919): 2-16; 26 [plates].

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, November !-December 10,
1919.
Review: Allard, Roger. "Le Salon d'Automne: La Peinture." Nouveau
spectateur 1, 11-12 (October 25/ November 10, 1919): 5; Bouyer, R.
"Les Salons de 1919: le Salon d' Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts (October-
December 1919): 407-427; Hamel, Maurice. "Le Salon d'Automne."
Art et decoration (1919): 1-15; Sedeyn, Emile. "Le Salon d'Automne
II: Ia peinture et Ia sculpture." Art et decoration 36 (Fall 1919): 161-
172; [Unsigned.] Comoedia illustre (December 5, 1919).

Zurich 1919
Eroffnungsausstellung
Zurich: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune & Cie, June 25-August 20, 1919.

Anvers 1920
La Triennale d'Anvers
Anvers: Summer 1920.
Review: "Henri Matisse et Ia Triennale d'Anvers." Bull. de Ia vie
artistique (July 15, 1920): 462-64.

Barcelona 1920
Exposicio d'art frances d'avanguarda
Barcelona: Galerie Dalmau, October 26-November 15, 1920.

Copenhagen 1920
Matisse in the Tetzen-Lund and Sagen Collection
Copenhagen: Tetzen-Lund Apartment, early October (two days), 1920.
Before dividing the twenty works between the two collectors (originally
from the Sarah and Michael Stein collection).
Review: Petersen, Car V. "Henri Matisse--Den Steinske Samling hos
Tetzen-Lund." Politiken (October 2, 1920), in Danish.

London 1920
Paintings by Matisse
London: Carfax and Patterson, 1920.
480 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

New York 1920

Fourth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists
New York: Waldorf Astoria, April 1-11, 1920.

Paintings by Matisse
New York: Marius De Zayas Gallery, December 6-25, 1920

Paris 1920
Exposition Henri Matisse
Paris: Galerie Bemheim-Jeune , October IS-November 6, 1920.
Invitation-catalogue with check-list of fifty-eight works, eighteen of
them reproduced; preface by C. Vildrac, "Exposition Henri Matisse,"
no. 754. Matisse's Mon Deuxieme Tableau [Still Life with Books} as
frontispiece.
Vildrac also wrote the introduction for Matisse's Henri Matisse,
Cinquante Dessins, 1920, privately published on the occasion of this
exhibition and displayed in the book section of the Salon d' Automne of
1920, no. 257.
Review: Basler, Adolphe. "Die Junge Franzosische Malerei." Cicerone
12, 20 (October 1920): 740-752.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais, November 1920.
Review: Bri<;on, Etienne, "Salon d'Automne." Gaz. beaux-arts 62
(November 1920): 317-37; Grautoff, Oskar. "Von Hotel de Biron nach
Issy und Marly le Roi. Die franzosische Kunst seits 1914." Kunst u.
Kiinstler 19, 2 (November 1919): 43-59; Scheffler, K. "Wir und die
Franzosischen." Kunst u. Kiinstler 19, 4 (January 1921): 121-23;
Serruys, Yvonne. "Le Salon d'Automne ou I'ecole de discipline." La
Rev. Rhinane, Rheinische Blatter (December 1920): 112-115; [7
illus].

Venice 1920
XII Esposizione internazionale d'arte della Cittti di Venezia
Venice: May 8- October 31, 1920 (Two paintings by Matisse.)

Kurashiki 1921
The First Exhibition of French Contemporary Painting
Kurashiki, Japan, 1921.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 481

New York 1921

Paintings by Modem French Masters
New York: Brooklyn Museum, February-April 1921.

Loan Exhibition of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings

New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, May 3-September 15, 1921.

Paris 1921
Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Pa1ais, 1921
Review: Escholier, Raymond. "Le Salon d'Automne." Art et decoration
(December 1921 ): 161-81.

Berlin 1922
Exhibition (works by Matisse, Pechstein, Camoin, Kokoschka,
Beckmann)
Berlin, 1922.
Review: Glaser, Curt. "Berliner Ausstellungen." Kunstchronik u.
Kunstmarkt (January 6, 1922): 239-242.

Kurashiki 1922
The Second Exhibition of Contemporary French Painting
Kurashiki, Japan, 1922.

New York 1922

Exhibition of Contemporary French Art
New York: The Sculptor's Gallery, 1922.

Kelekian Collection Auction and Sale

New York, January 1922
Catalogue with foreword by Arsene Alexandre.
Review: The Arts (January 1922): 247.

Paris 1922
Exposition Henri-Matisse
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, February 23-March 15, 1922.
Accompanied by Charles Vildrac, Nice 1921--Seize reproductions
482 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES

d'apres les tableaux de Henri-Matisse, Paris: Editions Bemheim-Jeune,

1922, no. 755.
Review: Levinson, Andre. "Le Mouvement artistique." L'Amourde l'art
(March 1922): 85-88; Sentenac, Paul. "Les Arts." Paris-Journal (March
12, 1922).

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais, October-November 1922.
Reviews: George, Waldemar. "Salon d' Automne I." L'Amour de l'art
(October 1922): 305-317; Meriam, Jean. "A Travers le Salon
d' Automne." Art et les artistes (December 1922): 115-118 [Matisse
illus.]; Schneeberger, A. "Le Salon d' Automne." La Rev. de l'epoque
(December 1922): 84.

Paris 1923
Henri Matisse (Barnes Collection, recent purchases)
Paris: Paul Guillaume Gallery, January-February 1923.

Exposition Henri-Matisse
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, April 16-30, 1923.
Review: Lhote, Andre. "Notes." Nouvelle rev.franraise (April, 1923);
Feuillet, Maurice. Review. Le Figaro artistique 8 (November 1923):
3.

Exposition d'oeuvres d'art des XVII/e, X/Xe, et XXe siecles

Paris: Chambre Syndicale de Ia Curiosite et des Beaux-Arts, 1923.

Philadelphia 1923
Exhibition of Contemporary Paintings and Sculpture (from Barnes
Collection)
Philadelphia: The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, April 11-
May 9, 1923.

Copenhagen 1924
Henri Matisse Retrospective
Copenhagen: Ny-Carlsberg Glyptotek, September-November 1924;
traveled to Stockholm and Oslo.
Modest catalogue with thirteen reproductions; complete check-list of
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 483

works (eighty-seven paintings) shown, including Tetzen-Lund

collection. Introduction by Leo Swane to this largest exhibition of
Matisse's work to this date.
Review: Danneskiold-Samsoe, S. "Matisseutstiillningen i Kopenhamn."
Kunstbladet (1923-34): 135+; Petersen, Carl V. "Matisseutstiillningen i
Kopenhamn." Tilskueren 40, 2 (1924): 271+; idem, "Hvad er et Maleri
av Matisse vaerdt?" Dagbladet (December 6, 1924), in Norwegian.

Glasgow 1924
Works of Some of the Most Eminent French Painters of Today
Glasgow: The Galleries of Mr. Alex Reid, October 1924.

Leipzig 1924
Henri Matisse (or French painting)
Leipzig: Flechtheim Galerie, 1924.

London 1924
The CAS: Loan Exhibition of Modem Foreign Painting
London: Colnaghi's Galleries, June-July 1924.

New York 1924

Exhibition of Works by Henri Matisse
New York: Joseph Brummer, February 25-March 22, 1924.
Largest solo show by Matisse in New York since 1915 Montross
Gallery exhibition; catalogue preface by Joseph Brummer, former
student of Matisse. (Fourteen paintings, six drawings, three etchings.)
Review: "Exhibition Review." The Arts (March 1924): 169.

Henri Matisse [works chosen by the artist himself]

New York: Fearon Galleries, December, 1924.
Review: "Exhibition Review." The Arts (December 1924): 330;
McBride, Henry. "Matisse and Mestrovic." The Dial, January 25,
1925.

Paris 1924
Collection Henri Aubry
Paris: Hotel Drouot, April 7 (exhibition and sale), 1924.
484 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Exposition Henri Matisse

Paris: Galerie Bemheim-Jeune, May 6-20,1924
Small invitation-catalogue with check-list of 39 paintings, (drawings
indicated but not listed); six reproductions, no text.

Salon des Tuileries

Paris: Palais du Bois, Summer 1924.
Review: Fosca, Francois. Le Salon des Tuileries." Gaz. beaux-arts 66
(July-August, 1924): 87-102.

Exposition and Auction for Monument to Apollinaire

Paris: Paul Guillaume Gallery, June 16-21, 1924. (Over sixty artists
contribute.)

Premiere exposition des collectionneurs, organisee au profit de La

Societe des Amis du Luxembourg
Paris: Chambre Syndicale de I'Antiquite et des Beaux-Arts, 1924.

Baltimore 1925
An Exhibition of Modern French Art
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, January 9-February 1, 1925

New York 1925

Modern French Paintings
New York: Dudensing Galleries, June 1925.
Review: "Exhibition of Modern French Paintings at the Dudensing
Galleries," The Arts (June 1925): 341.

Matisse Graphics
New York: Weyhe Galleries, 1925.

Paris 1925
Dessins d'Henri Matisse et aquarelles de P. Signac and d'H. E. Cross
Paris: Galerie Bemheim-Jeune, January 1-20, 1925.

Fifty Years of French Painting, Exposition internationale des arts

decoratifs et industriels modemes
Paris: Pavilion de Marsan, Louvre, April 1925.
EXHlBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 485

Revue: Mauny, Jacques. "A Paris Chronicle." Arts 8, 2 (August

1925): 109-13.

La Triennale
Paris: Durand-Rue) Gallery, Summer 1925.

Vingt-Cinq Contemporains
Paris: Galerie Druet, Summer, 1925.

Exposition
Paris: Pavilion-Studio des Editions Berheim-Jeune, April-mid-October
1925.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Tuileries (Terrasse du bord de l'eau), September 26-November 2,
1925 (One work by Matisse.)
Review: Mauny, Jacques. "The Autumn Salon." The Arts 8,
(November 1925): 286-88, no. 633.

Henri Matisse, dessins

Paris: Galerie Quatre Chemins, November 13-28, 1925.
On the occasion of the publication of a book of Matisse's drawings
with essay by Waldemar George, no. 233.

Zurich 1925
Gemiilde und Handzeichnungen
Zurich: G. and L. Bollag, March 31-April 3, 1925. (Exhibition and
sale.)

lntemationale Kunstausstellung
Zurich: Kunsthaus Zurich, August 8-September 23, 1925.

London 1926
Opening Exhibition of the Modern Foreign Gallery
London: National Gallery Millbank, June-October 1926.

New York 1926

The John Quinn Collection
New York: Art Center, January 1926.
486 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Catalogue: The John Quinn Collection of Paintings, Watercolors,

Drawings and Sculpture, New York: Pidgeon Hill Press, 1926.

Paris 1926
Trente ans d'Art lndependant, 1884-1914, retrospective de La Societe des
Artistes Independants
Paris: Grand Palais, February 20-March 21, 1926.

Tableaux modernes, aquarelles, pastels, gravures et dessins

Paris: Hotel Drouot, May 6-7, 1916.
Catalogue of exhibition and sale of the Auguste Pellerin collection.

/Ve Salon des Tuileries

Paris: Palais de Bois, Summer 1926.
Review: Bouyer, Raymond. "Le lYe Salon Tuileries au Palais duBois."
Rev. de /'art 278 (July-August 1926): 121-28; Charensol, George. "Le
Salon des Tuileries." L 'Amour de I'art 6 (June 1926): 204-212;
Foc;illon, Henri. "Salons de 1926." Gaz. beaux-arts 68 (May 1926):
257-80; Rey, Robert. "Les Salons." Art et decoration (July 1926): 44.

Deux Toiles de Henri Matisse (Piano Lesson and Bathers by a River)

Paris: Paul Guillaume Gallery, October 8-14, 1926.

Review: Blanche, Jacques E. Review. Les Arts plastiques ( 1931 ): 247.

Bonmarriage, Sylvan. "Henri Matisse et Ia peinture pure." Cahiers d'art
I, 9 (1926): 239-40+; Kahn, Gustave. Review. Le Quotidien
(Automne 1926); [Unsigned.] Review. Le Journal des debats (1926);
Warnod, Andre. Review. Comeodia (Autumn 1926); Les Arts a Paris
(1927): 19-22 (carried summary of reviews on Matisse).

Exhibition and Auction John Quinn Collection

Paris: October 18, 1926.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: November 5-December 19, 1926. (One painting, Odalisque with
Tambourine.)

Glasgow 1927
EXI-llBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 487

A Century of French Painting

Glasgow: McLellan Galleries, May 1927.

Hamburg 1927
Europiiische Kunst der Gegenwart
Hamburg: Kunsthalle Hamburg, 1927.

Kyoto 1927
Exhibition of Western Paintings
Kyoto: Kyoto National Museum, 1927.

London 1927
Exhibition of Works by Henry Matisse
London: Alex Reid and Lefevre, June 1927

New York (and Chicago) 1927

Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings by Henri Matisse, the First
Painting 1890, the Latest Painting 1925
New York: Valentine Dudensing Gallery, January 3-31; Chicago: The
Arts Club of Chicago, February 17-27, 1927.
Review: Watson, Forbes. "Henri Matisse." The Arts (January
1927): 29-40.

Exhibition of French Art of the Last Fifty Years

New York: M. Knoedler and Co., January 17-29, 1927.

Exhibition of Modern French Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings

New York: C. W. Kraushaar Galleries, October 8-22, 1927.

Paris 1927
Exposition Henri Matisse--dessins et lithographies
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, January 24-February 4, 1927.

Review: Mauny, Jacques. "Henri Matisse." Drawing and Design 2, 10

(April 1927): 99-102, no. 634.

Les Fauves, 1904-1908

Paris: Galerie Bing, April 15-30, 1927
Catalogue with preface by Waldemar George, no. 1226.
488 EXHmmONS AND CATALOGUES

Review: George, Waldemar. "Le Mouvement fauve." L'Art vivant 54

(March 15, 1927): 206-208 (same text as catalogue, no. 1226);
Salmon, Andre. "Les Fauves et le fauvisme." L'Art vivant 3 (May I,
1927): 321-24, no. 1265.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees, November 4-December 16,
1927.

Collection d'un amateur, tableaux modernes

Paris: Hotel Drouot, December 16-17, 1927.

Pittsburgh 1927
Twenty-sixth International Exhibition of Paintings
Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute Museum, October 13-December 4, 1927.
(Matisse wins first prize.)

Washington 1927
Leaders of French Art Today
Washington, D. C.: Phillips Memorial Galley, December 1927-
January 1928.

London 1928
Drawings, Etchings and Lithographs by Henri Matisse
London: The Leicester Galleries, January 1928. (One hundred works,
including sixteen drawings.)

Second Loan Exhibition of Foreign Paintings

London: M. Knoedler and Co., February 1928.

New York 1928

Loan Exhibition of Modern French Art from the Chester Dale
Collection
New York: Wildenstein and Co., October 1928.

100 Years of French Portraits

New York: Museum of French Art, 1928.

Exhibition of Modern French Paintings, Watercolors and Drawings

New York: C.W. Kraushaar Galleries, October 1-18, 1928.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 489

A Century of French Painting

New York: M. Knoedler and Co., November 12-December 8, 1928.

Paris 1928
Collection du Docteur Soubies
Paris: Hotel Drouot, June 13-14, 1928 (Exhibition and sale).

Maftres de !'art modeme

Paris: Galerie Danthon, Fall 1928.
Exhibition organized by Andre Salmon.

L'Ecole de Paris
Paris: Salle Pleyel, Fall 1928.

Tableaux modemes provenant de la villa "Sauge pourpree" a Deauville

Paris: Hotel Drouot, December 7-8, 1928. [Exhibition and sale of the
Jean Laroche collection.]

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Grand Palais des Champs-Eiysees, November 4-December 16,
1928. (Matisse exhibits Still Life on Green Sideboard.)

Philadelphia 1928
The Inaugural Exhibition, Works from SamuelS. White Ill Collection
Philadelphia: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, March 1928.
No catalogue.

Tokyo 1928
Exhibition of Western Paintings
Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, 1928.

Venice 1928
XVI Biennale di Venezia, 1928
Venice: 1928. (Fourteen paintings, six bronzes, thirteen prints.)

Washington 1928
Tri-Unit Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture
Washington, D.C.: Phillips Memorial Gallery, February-May 1928.
490 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Cambridge 1929
French Painting of the 19th and 20th Centuries
Cambridge, Mass: Fogg Art Museum, March 6-April 6, 1929.

Andre Derain, Henri Matisse, Picasso, Charles Despiau

Cambridge: The Harvard Society for Contemporary Art, November 7-
22, 1929.
(Matisse represented by eight oils, one drawing, three lithos mostly
borrowed from New York galleries.)
Small fold-out catalogue with works listed and brief artists' biographies
by Alfred Barr, Jr.

Cleveland 1929
French Art Since 1800
Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1929.

Lucerne 1929
Peintures de !'ecole Jmpressionniste et Neo-Jmpressionniste
Lucerne, 1929.

New York 1929

Exhibition of Modern French Paintings, Water Colors and Drawings
New York: C. W. Kraushaar Galleries, October 5-28, 1929.

Henri Matisse, 1927-1929

New York: Valentine Gallery, December 9, 1929-January 4, 1930.
(Seventeen works.)
Reviews: "Valentine Gallery Shows Late Work by Matisse." Art News
28 (December 14, 1929): 3 [remarks change in Matisse's work from
1927 exhibit of Odalisque (Decorative Nude on Ornamental Ground); a
new boldness and plasticity as seen in Woman with Veil]; Marion,
Pierre. "A New York, Matisse, Galerie Valentine." Beaux-arts 227, 2
(February 20, 1930): 20.

Paris 1929
La Grande Peinture Contemporaine a La collection Paul Guillaume
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, May 25-June 7, 1929. (Sixteen
paintings, two sculptures by Matisse.)
Catalogue and book by Waldemar George, La grande peinture
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES 491

contemporaine a Ia collection Paul Guillaume, Paris: Editions des Arts

a Paris, n.d.(l929?), no.1343.

Henri Matisse, Quarante lithographies originates

Paris: Galerie Bemheim-Jeune, June 1929.
No catalogue.

Exposition de peintures et dessins de Henri Matisse

Paris: Galerie Le Portique, November 7-25, 1929.

Baltimore 1930
Cone Collection of Modern Paintings and Sculpture
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, April 1930.

Berlin 1930
Henri Matisse
Berlin: Galerie Thannhauser, February IS-March 19, 1930. (Eighty-
three paintings, nineteen bronzes, fifty-four drawings.)
Catalogue with preface by Hans Purrmann; sixty-four of the 265 works
illus., no. 687.
Review: "Exposition." Cahiers d'art 5, 2 (1930): I 07 [photos of
installation]; "Ausstellung, Berlin," Deutsche Kunst u. Dekoration 66
(May 1930): 116; [FTD]. Review of Thannhauser Exhibit. Art News
28 (March 8, 1930): 6; Grossmann, R. "Matisse and Germany."
Formes 4 (April 1930): 4; Neugass, F. "Henri-Matisse." Art et artiste
20 (April 1930): 235-40; Neugass, F. "Henri-Matisse, for His Sixtieth
Birthday." Cahiers de Belgique (March 1930); Neugass, F. "Henri-
Matisse." L'Amour de !'art 24, 106 (April 1930): 240; Scheffler, K.
"Der sechzigjahrige Henri Matisse in der Galerie Thannhauser, Berlin."
Kunst u. Kiinstler 28 (April 1930): 287-90; Terkel-Deri, Flora.
"Exhibition, Thannhauser Galerie." Art News 28 (March 8, 1930): 6;
Wolfradt, W. "Henri Matisse: zur Ausstellung in der Galerie
Thannhauser; Berlin [with English summary]." Cicerone 22, 5 (March
1930): 129-32, supp. 18.

Matisse, Braque, Picasso. 60 Werke aus Deutschen Besitz

Berlin: Galerie Flechtheim, September 21-mid-October 1930.
Notice: Cahiers d'art 5,7 (1930): 387.
492 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Bristol 1930
Contemporary French Painting, Sculpture, and Tapestries
Bristol: Association franc;aise d'expansion et d'echanges artistiques and
the Alliance franc;aise, June 1930.
Review: Wilenski, R. H. "Letter from England." Formes 7 (July
1930): 25.

Brussels 1930
Trente Ans de peinture fran~aise
Brussels: Galerie "Le Centaure" with George Petit Gallery, 1930.
Catalogue with preface by Paul Fierens.
Notice: Cahiers d'art 5, 5 (1930): 275-76.

London 1930
Modem French Masters
London: Arthur Tooth and Sons, April 2-May 3, 1930.

New York 1930

Painting in Paris from American Collections
New York: The Museum of Modern Art, January 19-February 16,
1930.
Catalogue with text by Alfred H. Barr, Jr.

La Nature Morte from Chardin to the Abstract

New York: Wildenstein and Co., 1930.

Summer Exhibition: Painting and Sculpture

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, June IS-September 28, 1930

Matisse, Picasso, Derain, Dufy, Segonzac, and others

New York: Valentine Gallery, August, 1930.

Paris 1930
Exposition de L'Art vivant
Paris: Galerie Pigalle, May 1930.

De De Lacroix a nos }ours

Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1930.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 493

Review: Zervos, C. "De Delacroix a nos jours, une expositiOn-

programme a Ia Galerie George Petit." Cahiers d'art 5, 5 (1930): 251-
58.

Exposition de peintures et de sculptures de Henri Matisse

Paris: Galerie Pierre Loeb, 1930. (At least sixteen sculptures.)
No catalogue.
Review: "Sculptures de Matisse." Cahiers d'art 5, 5 (1930): 275-76;
George, W. "Chronicles." Formes 7 (July 1930): 18, 19; Poulain,
Gaston. "Sculpture d'Henri Matisse." Formes 9 (November 1930): 9-
10, no. 210.

Pittsburgh 1930
29th International Exhibition of Painting
Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute Museum, October 16-December 7, 1930.
(Matisse was a juror; three Matisse works in show.)
Review: "Carnegie Juror on Return." Art News 28 (March 8, 1939):
12, [note that Matisse will stop in New York [Ritz Carlton, March 4]
on way to Tahiti); "Philpot of London and Storrer of Austria to Serve
on Carnegie Jury." Art Digest 4 (Deptember 1930): 7, [Matisse
photo]; "Matisse Is Coming." Art Digest 4 (January 15, 1930): 18;
Watson, Forbes. "The Carnegie International." Arts 17: I (November
1930): 65-72; idem, 2 (December 1939): 167-71+; Art News 28
(January 25): 6, [note on Matisse's participation on Carnegie Jury;
response by Matisse to rumors that his "students" were returning to
tradition, no. 759].

Basel 1931
Henri-Matisse, Retrospective
Basel: Kunsthalle Basel, August 9-September 15,1931. (Ill oils,
sixteen sculptures, twenty-eight drawings, thirty-four lithos.)
Substantial catalogue: sixteen halftones, complete list of works shown;
text with passages from Matisse's "Notes of a Painter" (1908).

Boston 1931
The Collection of John T. Spaulding
Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, May 1931-0ctober 1932.
494 EXHIDmONS AND CATALOGUES

Columbus 1931
Inaugural Exhibition
Columbus, Ohio: Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, January-February,
1931.

New York 1931

Portraits of Women, Romanticism to Surrealism
New York: Museum of French Art, January 1931.

Sculpture by Henri Matisse

New York: Brummer Gallery, January 5-February 7, 1931. (Forty-six
sculptures.) Chicago: The Arts Club of Chicago, March 13-28, 1931.
(Twenty-five works.)
Reviews: "Bronzes at the Brummer Gallery." Art Digest 5 (January
15, 1931 ): 14; "Exhibition of Sculpture in Bronze, Brummer
Galleries." Pamassus 3 (January 1931 ): 4; Flint, R. "Exhibition of
Sculptures, Brummer Galleries." Art News 29 (January 10, 1931 ): 9,
no. 192; Goodrich, Lloyd. "Exhibition of Sculpture, Brummer
Galleries." Arts 17 (February 1931): 353-55, no. 195; Herdle, G.
"Sculpture by Henri Matisse." Rochester Mus. Bull. 3 (March 1931):
6;

Pictures of People 1870-1930

New York: M. Knoedler and Co., April6-18, 1931.

Memorial Exhibition: The Collection of Miss Lillie P. Bliss

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, May 17-September 27, 1931;
Andover, Mass: Addison Gallery of American Art, October 17-
December 15, 1931.

Henri Matisse, Retrospective

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, November 3-December 6,
1931. (162 works, includng eleven bronzes, thirty-seven drawings.)
Catalogue with text by Alfred H. Barr, Jr.
Reviews: Berthelot, P. "Exposition Matisse a New York." Beaux-arts
9 (December 1931 ): 4; Brown, J. N. "Matisse Exhibition." School of
Design Bull. 20 (January 1930): 3-5; Cortissoz, Royal. "The Ideas and
Art of Henri Matisse." New York Herald Tribune (November 8, 1931);
EXHJBmONS AND CATALOOUES 495

Flint, R. "Matisse Exhibit Opens Season at Modern Museum." Art

News 30 (November 7, 1931): 5-6; Mase, C. C. "Scorn for Matisse."
Art Digest 6 (December 1931): 7; McBride, Henry. "The Museum of
Modern Art Gives a Matisse Exhibition." New York Sun (November
7, 1931 ); "Painter of the Modern French School." Pencil 12
(December 1931 ): 872; "World's Greatest Exhibition of Matisse's Art Is
Held Here." Art Digest 6 (November 15, 1931): 5.

Renoir and His Tradition

New York: The Museum of French Art, November-December 1931.

Since Cezanne
New York: Valentine Gallery, December 28-January 16, 1932.
Review: "Here Is an Answer to the American Attack on French
Modernism." Art Digest 6 (January I, 1932): 7.

Paris 1931
Henri-Matisse, Exposition organisee au profit de l'orphelinat des Arts
Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, June 16-July 25, 1931.
An elaborate book-sized catalogue with twenty-four quality halftones of
paintings and sculpture, embossed signature of artist on cover; intro. by
George Petit. Matisse exhibited 141 paintings, one sculpture; drawings
and prints not listed individually in catalogue.
Reviews: Berthelot, P. "Exposition." Beaux-Arts 9 (July 1931 ): 22-
23; Cheronnet, Louis. Chronique. Art et Decoration 60 (August 1931 ):
supp. 3: Ill; Cogniat, Raymond, ed. Matisse, Pour ou Contre?
Paris: Chronique du jour, 1931, articles by Fierens, George, Lhote, and
others; Fierens, P. "Exhibition, Georges Petit Galleries." Art News
29 (August 15, 1931 ): 20; "Matisse in Review at Georges Petit
Gallery." Art Digest 5 (August I, 1931 ): 17; McBride, H. "Matisse in
America." Art News 29 (August 15, 1931 ): 6, same art. in Creative
Art 9 (December 1931 ): 463-66 and Cahiers d'art 6, 5-6 ( 1931 ): 291-6;
McBride, H. "The Palette Knife." Creative Art 9 (October 1931 ): 269-
70; Nirdlinger, Virginia. 'The Matisse Way." Pamassus 3 (November
1931 ): 4-6; Salmon, Andre. "Letter from Paris." Apollo 14 (August
1931): 110-13; "Matisse Exhibit, Paris." Art News 29 (July II,
1931): 8.
496 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES

Pittsburgh 1931
Exhibition of Twentieth Century Paintings from the Chester Dale
Collection
Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute, May-June 1931.

Providence 1931
Henri Matisse
Providence, R. 1.: Rhode Island School of Design, 1931.

Stockholm 1931
Fransk Genombrottskonst Fran Nittonhundratalet
Stockholm: March 1931; traveled to Oslo, Goteborg, Copenhagen until
June 1931.

Amsterdam 1932
Ecole de Paris
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, April 9-May 2, 1932.

Indianapolis 1932
Modern Masters from the Collection of Miss Lillie P. Bliss
Indianapolis: John Herron Art Institute, January 1-31, 1932.

New York 1932

French Paintings
New York: Marie Harriman Galleries, 1932.

Summer Exhibition, Paintings and Sculptures

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, Summer 1932.

Henri Matisse, Exhibition of Fifty Drawings

Paris: Pierre Matisse Gallery, November 22-December 17, 1932.
(Forty-nine drawings, actually.) Exhibition of the drawings originally
reproduced in 1920, Cinquante Dessins.
Reviews: "Drawings, Pierre Matisse Gallery." Parnassus 4 (November
1932): 9; "Exhibit, Pierre Matisse Gallery." Art News 31 (November
26, 1932): 5; "Fifty Drawings by Matisse Shown for the First Time."
Art Digest 7 (December I, 1932): 13; "How an Artist Transmutes
Poetry into Line." Art Digest 7 (December I, 1932): 27.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 497

Poesies de Stephane Mallarme, with thirty original etchings by Henri

Matisse
New York: Marie Harriman Gallery, December 3-30, 1932. Shown in
Paris, Pierre Colle Gallery, February 3-10, 1933; London; Baltimore,
April 1933. (Preparatory studies included).
Review: "Matisse Etchings, Marie Harriman Galleries." Art Digest 7
(December I, 1932): 5; Breeskin, Adelyn D. "Miss Cone Presents
Matisse Etchings." Baltimore Mus. News 4 (January 1933): 2.

Stephen C. Clark Collection

New York, 1932.
Review: "S.C. Clark's Matisse Collection Shown to Aid Hope Farm."
Art News 31 (November 12, 1932): 4.

Exhibition
New York: The Art Association, 1932.

Exhibition
New York: Reinhardt Gallery, January 1932.

Northampton 1932
Special Exhibition of Three Paintings
Northampton, Mass: Smith College Museum of Art, Winter 1932-33.

Paris 1932
Collection Charles Pacquement
Paris: Hotel Drouot, December I 0-12, 1932. (Exhibition and sale.)

Barnes Mural (announced but not held)

Paris: George Petit Galley, April 1932.
Notice: "Matisse's Forty-Foot Mural." Art Digest 6 (February 15,
1932): 8.

Chicago 1933
A Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture
Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, November 20-January 20, 1933.
498 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Reviews: "Matisse, Picasso in One Gallery at the Century of Progess

Art Exhibition." Art Digest 7 (May 15, 1933): 24; Rich, Daniel
Cotton. "Exhibition of French Art, Art Institute of Chicago." Formes
33 ( 1933): 381-85.

London 1933
Henry Matisse
London: Arthur Tooth and Sons, June 22-July 8, 1933.

New York 1933

International Exhibition
New York: Rockefeller Center, 1933.

Paris 1933
Collection Eugene Blot
Paris: Hotel Drouot, June 1-2, 1933. (Exhibition and sale.)

Collection G. B. .. premiere vente

Paris: Hotel Drouot, June 8-9, 1933. (Exhibition and sale of collection
of Georges Benard.)
Review: "Fine Groups by Matisse and Bonnard Feature Auction of 'G.
B.' Collection at Hotel Drouot in Paris on June 9." Art News 31
(June 3, 1933): 3+.

Tableaux modemes offerts par /'association des Amis des Artistes

vivants
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, 1933.

Exposition d'estampes originates de H. Matisse et Raoul Dufy

Paris: Gal erie Marcel Guiot, October 25-November I0, 1933.
Catalogue-invitation with works listed; litho of Odalisque les bras /eves
derriere Ia tete on cover; Dufy etching on back.

Seurat et Ses Amis; Ia suite de l'impressionisme

Paris: Expos. de "Beaux-Arts et de Ia Gazette des Beaux-Arts,"
December 1933-January 1934.
Catalogue with preface by Paul Signac.

Philadelphia 1933
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 499

The White Collection

Philadelphia: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1933.

The Ingersoll Collection

Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1933.

Baltimore 1934
Henri Matisse
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, Fall, 1934
On the occasion of the publication of The Cone Collection Catalogue--
Paintings, Drawings, Sculptures of the nNneteenth and Twentieth
Centuries, published by Etta Cone, no. 1287.
Review: "Baltimore Sees Fifty-Two Works by Henri Matisse." Art
Digest 8 (September 1934 ): 20.

New York 1934

Henri Matisse, Paintings
New York: The Pierre Matisse Gallery, January 23-February 24, 1934.
Reviews: Morsel!. M. "Finely Arranged Matisse Exhibit Now on
Display." Art News 32 (January 27, 1934): 3-4; "Music in Matisse:
exhibition Pierre Matisse Gallery." Art Digest 8 (February 15, 1934):
14; "Twenty-six Pictures Reveal Matisse's Simple Design." Art Digest
8 (February I, 1934): 14; Wellman, R. "Exhibition, Pierre Matisse
Gallery." Pamassus 6 (February 1934): 10.

Modem Works of Art: Fifth Anniversary Exhibition

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, May 14-September 12, 1934.
Catalogue by Alfred H. Barr, Jr.

The Lillie P. Bliss Collection

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, June !-November I, 1933.

Paris 1934
Braque, Matisse, Picasso
Paris: Durand-Rue! Galleries, Spring 1934.
Catalogue.
Review: Eglington, L. Review. Art News 32 (March 17, 1934): 3-6.
500 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES

Les Fauves, L'atelier de Gustave Moreau

Paris: Exposition de Ia Gazette des beaux-arts, November-December
1934.
Catalogue by R. Cogniat, preface by L. Vauxcelles.
Review: "Au temps des Fauves." Beaux-Arts (November 16, 1934 ): I;
Baschet, Jacques. "Au temps des Fauves," L'Illustration 93: 4801
(March 3, 1935): 281-4; Guenne, Jacques. "Les Fauves au musee."
L'Art vivent 192 (April 1935): 3; Vauxcelles, Louis. "Les Fauves, a
propos de !'exposition de Ia Gazette des Beaux-Arts." Gaz. des beaux-
arts 76, 86 (December 1934): 273-82, no. 1269.

San Francisco 1934

Exhibition of French Painting, from the Fifteenth Century to the
Present Day
San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, June 8-July
8, 1934.

Brussels 1935
Exposition intemationale d'art mode me
Brussels, 1935.

London 1935
Silver Jubilee Exhibition of Some of the Works Acquired by the CAS
London: The Tate Gallery, July-August 1935.

New York 1935

Twelve Paintings by Six French Artists
New York: Durand-Rue! Galleries, 1935.

Henri Matisse Prints

New York: Brooklyn Museum of Art, Fall, 1935.
Organized by Carl 0. Schniewind.
Review: Parker, John. "The Prints of Matisse." Prints 6 (December
1935): 90-93; "Prints of Henri Matisse." Brooklyn Mus. Quart. 23
(January 1936): 34-35.

Paris 1935
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 501

Hommage du Musee Grenoble a Paul Guillaume

Paris: Petit Palais, February-April 1935.

Les Chefs d'oeuvre du Musee de Grenoble

Paris: Petit Palais, February-April 1935.
Catalogue by G. Barnaud, preface by J. Robiquet.

Matisse, dessins et sculpture

Paris: Renou et Colle Galerie, late November-early December 1935.

Saint Louis 1935

Twenty-four Paintings from the Bliss Collection [organized by the
Museum of Modern Art]
Saint Louis, Missouri: City Art Museum, February 4-March 4;
Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, March 13-April 10; Northampton:
Smith College Museum, April 18-May 19, 1935.

San Diego 1935

California Pacific International Exposition
San Diego: Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, May 29-November II,
1935.

Zurich 1935
Sammlung 1919-1935
Zurich: Kunsthaus Zurich, May 26-August II, 1935.

Belgrade 1936
Exposition de Ia peinture moderne franraise
Belgrade: Musee du Prince Paul, 1936.

Buffalo 1936
Matisse's Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon
Buffalo: Albright-Knox Gallery, October 1936.
Review: "Buffalo: the Analysis of a Matisse Canvas," Art News 35
(October 3, 1936): 18-19, no. 898.

Cleveland 1936
Cleveland Museum of Art Anniversary Exhibit
Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.
502 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

The Hague 1936

Hedendaagsche Fransche Kunst
The Hague: Gemeentemuseum, February 15-March 15, 1936.

London 1936
Drawings and Lithographs by Henri Matisse
London: Leicester Gallery, February 1936. (Fifty-two drawings.)
Review: Duthuit, Georges. "The Vitality of Henri Matisse," Listener
15, 371 (February 19, 1936): 342-4.

Mr. Walter Taylor Collection

London: The Mayor Gallery, September-October 1936.

Exhibition of Masterpieces by Braque, Matisse, Picasso

London: Rosenberg and Helft, October 5-Mid-November, 1936.
Small catalogue with annotated (exhibition and literature record)
checklist of works shown; one black and white reproduction by each
artist; nine paintings by Matisse.
Reviews: "Recent Works at Rosenberg and Helft's," Apollo 10 (August
1937): 109.

New York 1936

French Masters of the Twentieth Century
New York: Valentine Gallery, January 1936.
Review: Morsell, M. "French Masters of XXe Siecle," Art News 34
(January II, 1936): 6-7.

Matisse
New York: Marie Harrimann Gallery, February 1936.
Review: Frankfurter, A. M. "Informal Work at the Marie Harrimann
Gallery." Art News 34 (February 22, 1936): 5+.

Modern French Tapestries by Braque, Dufy, Leger, Lun;at, Henri-

Matisse, Picasso, Rouault
New York: Bignou Gallery, 1936.
Catalogue of works from the collection of Madame Paul Cuttoli, with
preface by Edouard Herriot.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 503

Review: "France with Modernistic Tapestries Points Another Way to

Serve Art." Art Digest 10 (May 1936): 8.

Modem Painters and Sculptors as Illustrators

New York: Museum of Modern Art, Aprill7-September, 1936;
traveled.

The Joseph Stransky Collection

New York: Wildenstein and Co., July 1936.

Matisse; Dance and Other Works on the Theme by Matisse and Others
New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, late October 27-November 21,
1936.
Reviews: Breuning, M. "Exhibition, Pierre Matisse Gallery."
Parnassus 8 (November 1936): 24-26; Art Digest II, 3 (November I,
1936): 23; Davidson, Martha. "Matisse's Allegory of the Dance." Art
News 35 November 7, 1936): 13-14.

Twenty-one Paintings by Henri Matisse, 1912-1936

New York: Valentine Gallery, November 23-December 19, 1936.
Reviews: "20 Paintings by Matisse Create a Sea of Decorative Color,
Valentine Gallery." Art Digest II (December I, 1936): 7; Davidson,
M. "Magic Color of Matisse." Art News 35 (December 5, 1936):
14+, no. 823.

Paris 1936
Cent Ans de Theatre Music-Hall et Cirque
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, 1936.

Exposition d'Oeuvres Recentes de Henri Matisse

Paris: Paul Rosenberg, May 2-30, 1936. (Twenty-seven recent works
including Nymph and Faun.)

San Francisco 1936

Henri-Matisse, Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture
San Francisco: The San Francisco Museum of Art, January 11-February
24, 1936. (Thirty paintings, four sculptures, one pastel, drawings, and
prints.)
504 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Reviews: Morley, G. L. M. "Museum Events: Exhibition San

Francisco Museum of Art." Parnassus 8 (March 1936): 17; "Premier
West Coast Exhibition of Matisse." Art News 34 (February I, 1936):
34.

Chicago 1937
Modem Painters and Sculptors
Chicago: The Arts Club, March 30-April 19, 1937.

London 1937
Recent Works of Henri Matisse
London: Rosenberg and Helft, Ltd., July 5-31, 1937.
Catalogue with check-list of works; three reproductions, no text.

Los Angeles 1937

Loan Exhibition of International Art
Los Angeles: Los Angeles Art Association, October-December 1937.

Lucerne 1937
Henri Matisse
Lucerne: Galerie Rosengart, 1937. (Recent paintings, thirty-four
drawings.)

Paris 1937
Les Maftres de !'art independant 1895-1937
Paris: Petit Palais, June 17-November 10, 1937.
Catalogue with preface by Raymond Escholier and text by A. Sarraut;
Matisse shows sixty-one paintings.
Reviews: Arland, Marcel. "Premier Regard sur )'exposition des Maltres
de I'Art Independant." Nouvelle rev. franr;aise (1937): 350-53;
Florisoone, M. Review. Beaux-arts (July 2, 1937): 8; Gillet, Louis.
"Trente ans de peinture au Petit Palais." Rev. deux mondes I 07 (July
15, 1937): 330-339; (August I, 1937): 562-584, no. 524.; Vauxcelles,
L. "Les Maltres de I'art independant au Petit Palais." Beaux-arts (July
2, 1937): 2.

Origines et developpement de !'art international independant

Paris: Musee du Jeu de Paume, July 30-0ctober 31, 1937. (Matisse
shows six paintings; also works from his collection including African
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 505

sculpture.)
Exhibition organized by Teriade, Zervos, and Kandinsky; catalogue.

Oeuvres recentes de Henri Matisse

Paris: Paul Rosenberg, June 1-29, 1937.
Small catalogue with three reproductions in black and white; complete
checklist of works shown: twenty-one works from 1936-37.
Review: Lhote, Andre. "James Ensor [Galerie de 1'Elysees]-Henri
Matisse [Rosenberg]." Nouvelle rev. franraise (1937), reprinted in
Ecrits sur La peinture, Paris and Brussels, 1946; Lo Duca, G. H.
"Mostra, Galleria de Paul Rosenberg." Emporium 86 (August 1937):
446-47.

Valenciennes 1937
Exposition d'art mode me
Valenciennes: Palais des Beaux Arts, April 8-May 9, 1937.

Winterthur 1937
Werke aus der Sammlung Dr. Arthur Hahnloser
Winterthur: Kunstmuseum, April 18-May 30, 1937.

Boston 1938
Picasso--Matisse
Boston: Boston Museum of Modern Art, October 19-November 11,
1938. (Twenty-four works by Picasso, fifteen by Matisse.)

Chicago 1938
Loan Exhibition of Modern Paintings and Drawings from Private
Collections in Chicago
Chicago: The Arts Club of Chicago, November 2-25, 1938.

Cleveland 1938
Twenty Oils by Matisse
Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, November 10-December 18,
1938.
Reviews: Francis, H. S. "Twenty Oils by Henri Matisse." Cleveland
Mus. Bull. 25 (December 1938): 178.
506 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

London 1938
Bonnard, Braque, Henri-Matisse, Picasso, Rouault
London: Rosenberg and Helft, Ltd., March 16-April 14, 1938. (Three
1937 paintings by Matisse.)
Catalogue with check-list of works; no text.
Review: "Recent Works at Rosenberg and Helft's." Apollo 26
(August 1937): 109.

New York 1938

Henri Matisse, Paintings and Drawings of 1918 to 1938
New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, November IS-December 10, 1938.
(Nine drawings.)
Catalogue with checklist, no text or illustrations.
Review: "Exhibition, Pierre Matisse Gallery." Art Digest 1 (December
1, 1938): 9; Davidson, M. "Recent Matisse Anthology at the Pierre
Matisse Gallery." Art News 37 (November 19, 1938): 12+; Sweeney,
James J. "Exhibition at the Pierre Matisse Galleries." Parnassus 10
(December 1938): 14.

Important Works by French Masters of the XX Century

New York: Bignou Gallery, Autumn 1938

Oslo 1938
Matisse, Picasso, Braque, Laurens
Oslo: Kunstnernes Hus, January 10-February 2, 1938; traveled to
Copenhagen: Statens Museum for Kunst; Stockholm: Liljevach
Konsthall. (Thirty-one paintings from 1896 to 1937.)
Catalogue with preface by Walther Halvorson, no. 549; essay on
Matisse by Leo Swane.
Reviews: Blomberg, Erik. "Matisse med anledning av den stora
skandinaviska utstallningen." Konstrevy (1938): 2+; Halvorsen,
Walther. "Exposition Braque, Laurens, Matisse, Picasso a Oslo,
Stockholm, Copenhague." Cahiers d'art 12, 6-7 (1937): 218-30;
excerpts from Halvorsen's catalogue preface; "Henri Matisse." Tidskrift
for Kunst-industry 11 (October 1938): 182, no. 549; Matisse-Duthuit,
Marguerite. "The School of Paris at Oslo." XXe Siecle 4 (Christmas
1938): no page numbers.
EXHIBillONS ANDCATALOOUES 507

Paris 1938
Exposition Henri-Matisse
Paris: Paul Rosenberg, October 24-November 12, 1938.
Invitation-catalogue with checklist of thirty works.
Review: "Exposition, Galerie Paul Rosenberg." Renaissance 21
(January 1939): 44, [four reproductions] Cahiers d'art 14, 1-4 (1938):
76-78.

Toledo 1938
Influences in Development of Contemporary Painting
Toledo, Ohio: Toledo Mueum of Art, November 5-December II, 1938.

Amsterdam 1939
Parijsche Schilders
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, February 25-April 10, 1939.

Boston 1939
The Sources of Modem Painting
Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, March 2-April 9, 1939.

Buenos Aires 1939

Pintura Francesa
Buenos Aires, 1939; Montevideo and Rio de Janeiro, 1940.
Review: Huyghe, Rene et Michel Fare. "L'Exposition de peinture
franc;aises au XIXe et au XXe siecle au Musee Nationale de Buenos
Ayres." Promethee (1939), special number: 1-60; 68 illus.; Huyghe
Rene. "L'Exposition d'art franc;ais organisee aBuenos Aires." Beaux-arts
(1939) 344: 3, and 347: I, [5 illus].

Chicago 1939
Exhibition of Paintings by Henri Matisse
Chicago: The Arts Club of Chicago, March 13-April 18, 1939.

London 1939
Modem Paintings and Drawings, the Property of Walter Taylor, Esq.
London: Christie's, March 3, 1939. (Exhibition and sale.)

Lucerne 1939
508 EXHffimONS AND CATALOGUES

Gemiilde und Plastiken Moderner Meister aus Deutschen Museen

Lucerne: Galerie Fischer, 1939.
Catalogue of modern works confiscated by the Nazis and sold at
international auction in June 1939.

Melbourne 1939
Melbourne Herald Exhibition
Melbourne, October 1939.

Moscow 1939
French Landscape, 19th and 20th Centuries
Moscow: Museum of Western Art, 1939.
Catalogue.

New York 1939

Art in Our Time
New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1939.

Twentieth Century French Painters and Picasso

New York: Bignou Gallery, April 17-May 13, 1939.

Copenhagen 1940
Moderne Franske lllustrerede Boger, Kobberstiksamlingen
Copenhagen: Kongelige Kobberstiksamling, Statens Museum for
Kunst, 1940.

Review: Rubow, Jorn. Review. Kunstmuseets Aarsskrifs (1940): 102-

129.

London 1940
The Montague Shearman Collection
London: The Redfern Gallery, April-May 1940.

The Eumoifopoulos and Harcourt Johnstone Collections, Catalogue of

Old and Modern Oils Paintings, etc.
London: Sotheby's, June I 0-12, 1940. (Exhibition and Sale of the
collection.)

New York 1940

EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 509

Landmarks in Modem Art

New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, December 30, 1940-January 25,
1941.

Paris 1940
LaGuerre de 1914-1918 par quelques artistes: Segonzac, Moreau,
Forain, La Fresnaye, Naudin, George-Victor Hugo
Paris: Musee des Art Decoratif, 1940.

San Francisco 1940

Golden Gate International Exposition
San Francisco: May-September 1940.

The Painting of France since the French Revolution

San Francisco: M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, December 1940-
January 1941.

Baltimore 1941
A Century of Baltimore Collecting
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1941.

Chicago 1941
Masterpieces of French Art, Lent by the Museums and Collectors of
France
Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, April 10-May 20, 1941.

Los Angeles 1941

From Cezanne to Picasso
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, January 15-March
2, 1941.

New York 1941

Masterpieces of Modem Painting and Sculpture
New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, January 5-30, 1941.

Drawings by Matisse. Small Pictures by French Painters

New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, April 15-May 3, 1941. (Twelve
drawings.)
510 EXHffimONS AND CATALOOUES

Les Fauves
New York: Marie Harrimann Gallery, October 20-November 22, 1941.
Catalogue with preface by R. Lebel; six works by Matisse.
Review: "Fauves reunited in a provocative New York Exhibit." Art
Digest 16 (November 1, 1941): 9.

Paris 1941
Henri Matisse. Dessins al'encre de chine,fusains (oeuvres recents)
Paris: Galerie Louis Carre, November 10-30, 1941. (At least thirty-
three drawings.)
Small four-page invitation-catalogue with reproductions of works from
the show; unsigned three-page introduction; no list of works.
The occasion for edition of a luxury volume of 30 reproductions
published by the gallery: Dessins par Matisse; statements by Matisse,
five hundred exemplars.
Review: Bazaine, J. "Dessins de Matisse et Duby." Nouvelle rev.
franraise, February 1942.

Portland 1941
Masterpieces of French Painting
Portland, Oregon: The Portland Museum of Art, 1941.

Washington 1941
The Functions of Color in Painting
Washington, D.C.: Phillips Memorial Gallery, February 16-March 23,
1941.

Baltimore 1942
Prints and Drawings by Matisse and Picasso from the Cone Collection
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum Print Alcoves, January 12-February 8,
1942.
Review: "Prints and Drawings by Matisse and Picasso." Baltimore
Mus. News 4 (January 1942): 8.

Eighteen Bronzes from the Cone Collection

Baltimore: Members' Room for Modern Art, October 13-November 20,
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 511

1942.
Selected maquettes from Poesies de Stephane Mallarme also shown.
Review: "Sculpture by a Painter's Hand." Baltimore Mus. News 5
(November 1942): 8.

London 1942
The Tate Gallery's Wartime Acquisitions
London: National Gallery, April-May, 1942.

Lyon 1942
Dessins fran~ais contemporains
Lyon: Jeune France, January 1942.

New York 1942

Figure Pieces in Modem Painting
New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, January 20-February 14, 1942.

Paris 1942
Les Fauves, Peintures de 1903 a 1908
Paris: Galerie de France, June 13-July II, 1942.

Inauguration provisoire du Musee National d'Art Mode me

Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, August 7, 1942.

Group show
Paris: Beaux-Arts, August 20, 1942.

Saratoga Springs 1942

Exhibition of Modem French Painting
Saratoga Springs: Skidmore College, February 8-25, 1942.

Cannes 1943
Matisse, Bannard, Picabia
Cannes: Gal erie Serguy, April 10-30, 1943.

Chicago 1943
Twentieth Century French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection
Chicago: The Art Insittute of Chicago, 1943.
512 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALCXJUES

Glasgow 1943
Spirit of France
Glasgow: Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum, 1943.

New York 1943

Ancient Chinese and Modern European Paintings
New York: Bignou Gallery, May-June 1943.

Henri Matisse, Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, I 898- I 939

New York York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, February 9-27, 1943.
Reviews: "Exhibition Pierre Matisse Galleries." Art News 42
(February 15, 1943): 23; "His Son Presents 41 Years of Henri
Matisse." Art Digest 17 (February 15, 1943): 10.

Paris 1943
Salon d'Automne
Paris: Palais des Beaux-Arts de Ia Ville de Paris, September 25-0ctober
31, 1943. (Exhibits four works.)

Albany 1944
Beauty and Is It Art?
Albany, New York: Albany Institute of History and Art, November 1-
30, 1944.

Buffalo 1944-45
French Paintings of the Twentieth Century
Buffalo: Albright Art Gallery, December 1-31, 1944; Cincinnati Art
Museum, January 18-February 18, 1945; Saint Louis: The City Art
Museum, March 8-April 17, 1945.

Edinburgh 1944
A Century of French Art
Edinburgh: National Gallery of Scotland, 1944.

New York 1944

Modem Drawings
New York: Museum of Modern Art, February 1944. (Seventeen
drawings.)
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 513

Color and Space in Modern Art since 1900

New York: Mortimer Brandt, February 19-March 18, 1944.

Manet to Picasso, Still Life

New York: Durand-Rue) Galleries, March 8-31, 1944.

Notable Modern Paintings and Sculpture ... Property of the Museum

of Modern Art
New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, May II, 1944. (Exhibition and
sale.)

Odalisques
New York: Kleemann Gallery, October 1944.
Review: "Odalisques at Kleeman Gallery." Art Digest 19 (October
15, 1944): 16; "Exhibition, Kleeman Galleries." Art News 43
(October 15, 1944): 26.

Paris 1944
Matisse, Bannard
Paris: May 26, 1944. (Exhibition and auction.)

Exposition: Themes et variations (for benefit of Swiss Red Cross)

Paris: November 25-30, 1944.

Dayton 1945
The Little Show
Dayton, Ohio: Dayton Art Institute, March 2-31, 1945.

Glasgow 1945
The Mcinnes Collection
Glasgow: Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum, 1945.

Limoges 1945-46
Peintures du Musee National d'Art Mode me
Limoges: October-November 1945; Saint-Etienne: December 1945-
January 1946; Perpignan: February 1946; Toulouse: March-April 1946;
Bordeaux: May-June 1946; Amiens: July-August 1946; Lille:
September-October 1946.
514 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

London 1945
Exhibition of Paintings by Picasso and Matisse
London: Victoria and Albert Museum, December, 1945; traveled in
1946 to Birmingham, Glasgow, Amsterdam, and Brussels.
Brief catalogue essays by Christian Zervos, "Picasso," and Jean Cassou,
"La Pensee de Matisse," no. 424. The essays contrast Picasso's
Spanishness, his ability to image suffering and universalize it through
personal understanding with Matisse's French clarity of thought and
lucidity of line and color. (Thirty works by Matisse shown.)
Reviews: Cooper, Douglas. "Exhibition of Paintings at Victoria and
Albert Museum." Phoebus 1, I (1946): 45-46; "Picasso-Matisse Furor
at the Victoria and Albert Museum." Art News 45 (March I 946): 59;
"Exhibition, Victoria and Albert Museum." Museum Journal 45
(February 1946): I 98.

New York 1945

Eleven Nudes by XX Century Artists
New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, April 10-28, 1945.

Henri Matisse Recent Drawings

New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, October 30-November 17, 1945.
(Twenty-two drawings.)
Reviews: "Drawings at Matisse Gallery." Art News 44 (November 15,
I 945): 26; "Exhibition of Drawings at Pierre Matisse Galleries." Art
Digest 20 (November I, I 945): 16.

Paris 1945
Portraits franrais
Paris: Galerie Charpentier, 1945.

Salon d'Automne, Matisse Retrospective

Paris: Palais des Beaux-Arts de Ia Ville de Paris, September 28-0ctober
29, 1945. (Thirty-seven paintings.)
Review: Parrot, Louis. "Matisse au Salon d'Automne." Labyrinthe 2,
13 (October 15, 1945): 1-4.

Henri Matisse, peintures--dessins--sculptures

Paris: Galerie Maeght, December 7-29, I 945. (Twenty-six drawings,
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES 515

two sculptures, six paintings with photographs of paintings-in-

progress.)
Nice: Palais de la Mediterranee, February 19-March 10, 1946. (Sixteen
drawings removed and one painting, Atelier de Gustave Moreau [ 1897]
added in Nice.)
Catalogue with checklist of works shown. The paintings were: La
France (eight "study" photos), La Blouse Paysanne (thirteen photos),
Dormeuse sur Ia table violette (twelve photos), Nature Morte
Coquillage (three photos), Nature Morte au Magnolia (three photos),
and Jeune Fille ii Ia pelisse.

Stockholm 1945
Grace og Philip Sandbloms Samling
Stockholm: Stockholm Foreningen for Nutida Konst, 1945.

Baden-Baden and Berlin 1946

Modeme Franzosische Malerei
Baden-Baden: Kurhaus, September 1946; Berlin: Chateau Imperial,
October 22-November 6, 1946; Innsbruck, 1946; Konstanz, 1946;
Mainz, 1946.

Brussels 1946
Vingt-quatre oeuvres de Henri Matisse
Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, May 1946.
Catalogue with preface by Jean Cassou; series: Collection des Petits
Monographies d'Art Moderne, 6.

Cambridge 1946
French Painting Since 1870, Lent by Maurice Wertheim, Class of 1906
Cambridge: Fogg Art Museum, June !-September 7, 1946.

Lille 1946
Peintures de Musee National d'Art Modeme
Lille: Galerie Michon, September-October 1946.

London 1946
Acquisitions of the CAS
London: The Tate Gallery, September-October, 1946.
516 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES

New York 1946

Paintings from New York Private Collections
New York: Museum of Modem Art, Summer 1946.
Review: Frost, Rosamond. "Collectors Come out of Privacy." Art
News 45 (July 1946): 14-20.

Six from the School of Paris [Matisse, Bannard, Rouault, Picasso,

Dubuffet, and Marchand]
New York: Pierre Matisse Galley, 1946.
Review: Louchheim, Aline B. "First from France at the Pierre Matisse
Gallery." Art News 45 (June 1946): 17-18+; Greenberg, Clement.
"Review of an Exhibition of the School of Paris." The Nation (June
29, 1946).

Paris 1946
Cent Chefs d'oeuvres des peintres de !'Ecole de Paris
Paris: Galerie Charpentier, February 27-March 24, 1946.
Review: "Exposition de peinture contemporaine: Ecole de Paris."
Labyrinthe (December 15, 1946): 5.

Les Chefs d'oeuvres des collections fran~aises retrouves en Allemagne

par Ia Commission de Recuperation Artistique
Paris: Orangerie des Tuileries, June-August 1946.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: Musee des Beaux-Arts de Ia Ville de Paris, October 4-November
10, 1946. (Three paintings.)
Review: Parrot, Louis. "Matisse au Salon d' Automne." Labyrinthe 13
(October 15, 1945): 1-4, [many reproductions].

Sainte Catherine (organized by the journal Ce Soir for the profit of the
Maison de Ia Midinette)
Paris: Palais de Chaillot, November 25, 1946.
Beautifully produced catalogue/book with original lithograph by
Matisse ; also Laurencin, Picasso, Christian Berard, Mourlot Freres;
texts by Elsa Triolet, Aragon, Eluard.
EXI-llBillONS AND CATALCXJUES 517

Prague 1946
French Modem Masters
Prague, 1946.

Amsterdam 1947
Picasso in the Stedelijk Museum; Matisse in the Stedelijk Museum
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum de Ia Ville, I947. (Twenty-four works
by Picasso, eighteen by Matisse.)
Small illustrated catalogue with checklist of works and illustrations; no
text.

Avignon 1947
Deuxieme exposition de peintures et sculptures contemporaines
Avignon: Chapelle, Palais des Papes, June 27-Deptember 30, I947.
(Twelve works by Matisse.)
Review: La Bastie, A. "Picasso et Matisse: exposition dans Ia chapelle
du Palais des Papes d'Avignon." Arts (July II, I947): 1; and
"Avignon: I' exposition d'art contemporain du Palais des Papes." Arts de
France I7-18 (I947): 116-18.

Bern 1947
Quelques oeuvres des collections de la Ville de Paris
Bern: Kunstmuseum Bern, March 29-April 14; La Chaux de Fonds:
Musee des Beaux-Arts, April 16-24; Geneva: Musee Rath, April26-
May 4; Basel: Kunsthalle Basel, May 6-28, 1947; Zurich: Kunsthaus
Zurich, June 9-August 31, 1947.

25 Jahre Kunstpflege der Stadt Bern

Bern: Kunsthalle Bern, 1947.

Freiburg im Breisgau 1947

Die Meister franzosischer Male rei der Gegenwart
Freiburg im Breisgau: October 20-November 23, 1947.

Liege 1947
Henri Matisse, dessins
Paris: A.P.I.A.W., 1947. (Forty-nine drawings)
Catalogue with some works illustrated; Matisse's text, "L'Exactitude
n' est pas Ia verite" is published for the first time.
518 EXHffiffiONS AND CATALOOUES

New York 1947

A 20th Century Selection, Paintings and Sculpture
New York: Bignou Gallery, March 4-29, 1947.

Ascher Squares Designed by Matisse, Moore, De rain, Sutherland,

Hutchins, Hodgkins, Laurencin, Cocteau, and others
New York: The American British Art Center, October 20-November l,
1947.
First showing of Ascher Squares.
Review: Lassaigne, J. "Etat de Ia tapisserie." Panorama des Arts 1947,
250-51. Paris: Somogy, 1948.

Paris 1947
Beautes de Provence
Paris: Galerie Charpentier, 1947.

a
L'lnjluence de Cezanne, oeuvres de 1903 1914
Paris: Galerie de France, January 14-February 15, 1947.

Inaugural Exhibition, Musee d'Art Moderne

Paris: Musee d'Art Moderne, June 1947.
Review: Lassaigne, Jacques. "Le Musee d'Art Moderne." Panorama
des Arts 1947. Paris: Somogy, 1948.

Salon d'Automne
Paris: October-November, 1947. (Four recent paintings by Matisse.)
Review: Cassou, Jean. "Matisse at the Salon." Art News 46
(November 1947): 50.

Jazz, Teriade edition

Paris: Librairie Pierre Beres, December 3-20, 1947.
Twenty stencil-printed plates based on original cut-outs.
Review: Lassaigne, Jacques. "Matisse." Panorama des Arts 1947, 17-
18. Paris: Somogy, 1948.

Philadelphia 1947
Masterpieces of Philadelphia Private Collections
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1947.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES 519

Rio de Janeiro 1947

Exposicao do novo libra de Henri Matisse, Jazz, editado per Teriade
Rio de Janeiro: Galerie Europa, Arte Antiga e Modema Ltd., December
3-20, 1947.

Saint Louis 1947

A Saint Louis Private Collection [Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.}
Saint Louis: City Museum of Art, Summer-Autumn 1947.

Vienna 1947
Meister der Mode men Franzosischen Male rei
Vienna: Kunstgewerbemuseum, 1947.

Amherst 1948
An Exhibition at Amherst College
Amherst: May 16-29, 1948.

Avignon 1948
Troisieme exposition - Murales
Avignon: Palais des Papes, 1948.
Matisse's Petit Palais Dance mural shown for the first time since
purchased.

London 1948
Ascher Panels Designed by Henri Matisse-Henry Moore
London: Lefebvre Galery, Fall1948.
First showing of Oceania, le ciel; Oceania, La mer.

Louisville 1948
Matisse Drawings
Louisville: J.B. Speed Art Museum, June 10-30; also shown in Beverly
Hills: Modern Institute of Arts, July IS-August S, 1948; San Francisco
Museum of Art, August 12-September 2, 1948; Minneapolis,
September IS-October 6, 1948; Washington, D. C.: Philips Gallery,
October 17- November 7, 1948; Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago,
November 21-December 12, 1948; Cincinnati: Modern Art Society,
December 20-1948-January I 0, 1949; Baltimore, January 23-February
13, 1949; Dayton, February 25-March 18, 1949; Cleveland, March 29-
April 24, 1949; and Cambridge, Mass., May 10-31, 1949. (Sixty
520 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES

drawings selected from the Philadelphia show by American Federation

of Arts for traveling.)

New York 1948

Henri Matisse, Three Decades, 1900-1930
New York: Bignou Gallery, January 27-February 28, 1948.
Reviews: "Exhibition Bignou." Art News 46 (February 1948): 42;
"Exhibition Bignou," Art Digest 22 (February 15, 1948); Greenberg,
Clement. "Henri Matisse, Eugene Boudin, John Piper, Misha
Reznikoff." The Nation (February 21, 1948).

Henri Matisse-Jav., Teriade editor

New York: Pierre Beres, January 20-February 3, 1948.

A Selection of Paintings from the Durand-Rue! Galleries (no.2)

New York: Durand-Rue) Galleries, 1948.

A Selection of Paintings from the Durand-Rue[ Galleries (no.3)

New York: Durand-Rue) Galleries, 1948.

Henri Matisse, Jav., Gift of the Artist

New York: Museum of Modern Art, October 1-31, 1948.

Paris 1948
La Femme 1800-1930
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, April-June, 1948.

Livres illustresfranr;;ais publies par les Editions George Macy, New

York
Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale, April 10-May 8, 1948.

Dance et divertissements
Paris: Galerie Charpentier, December I 948-January 1949.
Matisse's Deux femmes assises avec un violin shown.

Philadelphia 1948
Henri Matisse, Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and
Sculpture Organized in Collaboration with the Artist
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, April 3-May 9, 1948.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 521

(Ninety-three paintings, nineteen sculptures, eighty-six drawings,

prints, and illustrated books.)
Catalogue with foreword by Henry Clifford, curator, and essay by Louis
Aragon, "Henri Matisse or the French Painter" no. 364; Matisse's
"Letter to Henry Clifford;" and "Exactitude Is Not the Truth" are
published.
Review: Caspers, F. "Philadelphia Honors Matisse with Impressive
Retrospective." Art Digest 22 (April 15, 1948): 9+; Fremantle, C. E.
"Matisse in Philadelphia." Studio 136 (September 1948): 94-95;
Kimball. F. "Matisse: Recognition, Patronage, Collecting."
Philadelphia Mus. Bull 43 (March 1948): 33-47; "M. Clifford,
Conservateur du Musee de Philadelphie prepare une Retrospective
Matisse." Arts (January 24, 1947): 3; "Matisse Retrospective."
Baltimore Mus. News II (May 1948): 2-4; "Matisse Show at
Philadelphia Museum Delayed." Art Digest 21 (March 15, 1947): 12.
See Articles under their respective names, the writers who responded to
the show in the special issue of Art News 47 (April 1948): 16-54;
namely Thomas Hess, no. 557, Alfred M. Frankfurter, no. 514, and
Fiske Kimball, no. 1338.

Aries 1949
Dessins et aquarelles du XXieme siecle
Aries: Musee Aeattu, April 15-August 31, 1949.

Avignon 1949
Quatrieme exposition - Murals
Avignon: Chapel, Palais des Papes, Summer through October 1949.
Review: Watt, Alexander. "Paris Commentary." Studio 138 (October
1949): 125-27, no. 760.

Baltimore 1949
Selections from the Cone Collection
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, October 1949
Thirty-two page catalogue with illustrations; special number of
Baltimore Mus. News 13, I (October 1949): 1-32. Texts by d' Arcy
Paul, George Boas, Adelyn D. Breeskin.

Cambridge 1949
522 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Paintings from the Spaulding Collection

Cambridge: Fogg Art Museum, February !-September 15, 1949.

Chicago 1949
20th Century Art from the Louise and Walter Arensberg Collection
Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, October 20-December 18, 1949.

Dayton 1949
An Exhibition of Works by Matisse
Dayton, Ohio: Dayton Art Institute, February 24-March 16, 1949.

Detroit 1949
Masterpieces of Paintings from Detroit Private Collections
Detroit: The Detroit Institute of Arts, April 23-May 22, 1949.

Lucerne 1949
Henri Matisse Retrospective 1890-1946; Zehn Jahrhunderte
franzosischer Buch-Kunst
Lucerne: Musee des Beaux-Arts, July 3-0ctober 2, 1949. (Thirty-eight
bronzes, sixty drawings.)
Catalogue introduction by Jean Cassou, essay by Hanspeter Landolt,
no. 591. Twenty-four of the 308 works in the exhibit illustrated; no
color.
Review: "Ausstellung, Kunstmuseum, Luzern." Werk 36 (September
1949): supp. 125.

Montreal 1949
Manet to Matisse
Montreal: The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, May 27-June 26, 1949.

New York 1949

Henri Matisse, Paintings, Papiers Decoupes, Drawings, 1946-1948
New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, February 1949. (Ten cut-outs; first
public showing of paper cut-outs.)
Reviews: "Exhibition, Pierre Matisse Gallery." Art News 47 (February
1949): 44-45; "Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings at Pierre Matisse
Gallery." Art Digest 23 (February 15, 1949): 14; Greenberg, C.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 523

"Review of an Exhibition of Henri Matisse." The Nation (March 5,

1949).

Leger, Matisse, Miro, Moore: Paintings and Sculpture, Recent

Lithographs of Matisse
New York: Buchholz Gallery, May 4-28, 1949.
Review: Reed, Judith K. "Modern Decoration: Ascher Panels and
Bronzes at Buchholz Gallery," Art Digest 23, 16 (May 15, 1949): 9.

Braque, Matisse and Picasso

New York: Hugo Gallery, May 16-31, 1949.
Review: "Exhibition of Works Seen in America for the First Time,
Hugo." Art News 48 (May 1949): 46; "Big Three Duplicate: Braque,
Matisse and Picasso Exhibitions at Rosenberg and Hugo Galleries." Art
Digest 24 (November 1, 1949): 9.

The French Art of the Book

New York: Cultural Division of the French Embassy, May 11-June 5,
1945. Traveled to Hamburg, June 3-16, 1949; Frankfurt am Main,
September 1949; and Le Mans: Les Amis de I' Art, 1949.

Braque, Matisse and Picasso

New York: Paul Rosenberg, October-November 1949.
Reviews: "Big Three Duplicate: Braque, Matisse and Picasso
Exhibitions at Rosenberg and Hugo Galleries." Art Digest 24
(November I, 1949): 9; "Braque, Matisse, and Picasso; Joint
Exhibitions at Rosenberg Gallery." Art News 48 (November 1949):
51.

Osaka 1949
Exhibition of Western Paintings
Osaka: Osaka Municipal Museum of Art, 1949.

Ottowa 1949
Forty-One Paintings from the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
Collection
Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, October 7-November 12, 1949.
524 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Paris 1949
Henri Matisse, oeuvres recentes, 1947-1948.
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, June-September 1949.
(Thirteen oils, twenty-two brush drawings, twenty-one decoupages, two
printed fabrics, two tapestries, two illustrated books.) First showing of
decoupages and Oceania panels in France, and first of Polynesia
tapestries anywhere.
Catalogue with preface by Jean Cassou, checklist of the works, black
and white reproductions, extracts from Jazz, "Letter to Henry Clifford"
by Matisse; pochoir cover in color of cut-paper designs.
Review: "Ausstellung, Musee d'Art Moderne, Paris." Werk 36
(August 1949): 12-13; "Exhibition of Work, 1947-1948." Studio 138
(October 1949): 125-27; "Latest Works at the Musee d'Art Moderne,
Paris." Art News 48 (June 1949): 19; "Les Oeuvres recentes,
Exposition du Musee d'Art Moderne." Art & Decoration 3 (1949): 55;
Watt, Alexander. "Paris Commentary." Studio 138 (October 1949):
125-27; Zervos, C. "A Propos de l'exposition Matisse au Musee d'Art
Moderne de Paris." Cahiers d'art 24 (1949): 159-70.

Pasadena 1949
French Painters' Show
Pasadena: Pasadena Art Institute, Autumn, 1949.

Rio de Janeiro 1949-50

Exposicion de Pintura Francesa Contemporanea
Rio de Janeiro: October 1949; Caracas: January 1950; Santiago: Museo
Nacional de Bellas Artes, May 1950.

Winterthur 1949
Winterthurer Privatbesitz ll
Winterthur: Kunstmuseum, August 28-November 28, 1949.

Baltimore 1950
Cone Memorial Exhibition
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, January 13-March 5, 1950.

Bern 1950
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES 525

Die Fauves und die Zeitgenossen

Bern: Kunsthalle, April 29-May 29, 1950.
Catalogue with preface by A. Rudlinger.

Geneva 1950
Henri Matisse: eaux-forts
Geneva: Athenee, 1950.
Review: Werk 37, Supp. 91 (July 1950).

Milan 1950
Mostra di Matisse
Milan: Commune di Milano, November 1-21, 1950. (Thirty-four
paintings, eight lithographs.)
Small catalogue with introduction by Raymond Cogniat.

New York 1950

A Collector's Exhibition
New York: M. Knoedler and Co., February 6-25, 1950.

An Exhibition of Paintings
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1950.

Nice 1950
Matisse a Nice, peintures, dessins, sculptures, tapisseries
Nice: Galerie des Ponchettes, January 26-March 19, 1950. (Thirty-eight
paintings, twenty-three drawings, five sculptures, two tapestries.)
Catalogue with texts by Georges Salles ("Matisse a Nice") and J.
Cassarini.

Paris 1950
Salon de Mai
Paris: May 9-31, 1950.
Papier decoupe Zulma exhibited.

Henri Matisse, chapelle, peintures, dessins, sculptures

Paris: Maison de Ia Pen see Fran<;aise, July 5-September 24, 1950.
(Fifty-one bronzes, thirty-two drawings; one hundred fifteen works in
all.)
526 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Catalogue with introduction by Louis Aragon, "Au Jardin de Matisse,"

no. 365; cover by Matisse.
Reviews: "Exposition a Ia Maison de Ia Pensee Fran<;aise." Cahiers d'art
25, 2 (1950): 387-88; La Cote, Rene. "Henri Matisse, La Maison de Ia
Pensee Fran<;aise." Arts de France 3! (October 1950): 46-48.

Salon des Tuileries

Paris: October 1950.
Matisse's Deux femmes assises avec un violin shown.

Philadelphia 1950
S. White, 3rd, Collection
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1950.

Diamond Jubilee Exhibition, Masterpieces of Painting

Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, November 4, 1950-February
11, 1951.

Pomona 1950
Masters of Art from 1790-1950
Pomona: Los Angeles County Fair, September IS-October 1, 1950.

Venice 1950
XXV Biennale di Venezia
Venice, June 8-0ctober 15, 1950.
Matisse in Fauve Salon (thirty-two works), in French Salon (thirty-
nine works). He receives highest award of the Biennale.
Catalogue with intro. by Raymond Cogniat; preface by Roberto
Longhi, no. 1249.
Review: Dorival, Bernard. "Bonnard, Matisse, Utrillo." La Biennale
di Venezia I (July 1950): 18-21; Sutton, Denys. "Aspects of the
Venice Bienale, the Fauves." Burlington Mag. (September 1950): 263-
65, no. 1267.

Birmingham (N.Y.) 1951

Inaugural Exhibition
Birmingham, N.Y.: Birmingham Museum of Art, 1951.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 527

Chapel Hill 1951

XXth Century Paintings
Chapel Hill: Person Hall Art Gallery, Univ. of North Carolina, 1951.

Cincinnati 1951
History of an American, Alfred Stieglitz, 291 and After
Cincinnati: The Taft Museum, January 31-March 18, 1951.

Hamburg 1951
Henri Matisse, Gemiilde, Skulpturen, Handzeichnungen, Graphik
Hamburg: Kunsthalle, to February 1951; traveled to Dusseldorf, April
14-May 6, 1951; Munich.
Review: Rannit, Aleksis. "Ausstellung Henri Matisse, 1951."
Kunstwerk 5, 1 (1951): 53.

London 1951
L'Ecole de Paris 1900-1950
London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1951.

Marseilles 1951
Henri Matisse
Marseilles: Galerie Mouillot, December 7-29, 1951. (Twenty-eight
drawings.)
Small, eight-page catalogue with checklist and some high-quality
plates.

New Haven 1951

Pictures for a Picture of Gertrude Stein as a Collector and Writer on Art
and Artists
New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, February 11-March 11, 1951;
travels to Baltimore: Baltimore Museum ofArt, 1951

New York 1951

Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings (mostly from the Albert
D. Lasker collection)
New York: Knoedler Galleries, January 8-28, 1951. (Sponsored by
Elizabeth Arden for New York Heart Association.)
528 EXHffimONS AND CATALOOUES

Note: "Collectors Lend for Benefit." Art Digest 25, 7 (January I,

1951): I.

New York Private Collections

New York: Museum of Modern Art, June 26-September 12, 1951.

Sculpture by Painters
New York: Curt Valentin Gallery, November 20-December 15, 1951.
(Twelve sculptures by Matisse.)

The Lewisohn Collection

New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, November 2-December 2,
1951.

Duchamp to Brancusi
New York: Sidney Janis Gallery, 1951.

Henri Matisse Retrospective

New York: Museum of Modern Art, November 13, 1951-January 13,
1952; Cleveland Museum of Art, February 5-March 16, 1952; Art
Institute of Chicago, April 1-May 4, 1952; San Francisco Museum of
Art, May 22-July 6, 1952 (with supplementary works); Los Angeles
and Portland (partial shows). (Seventy-four paintings, thirty-two
sculptures, twenty-seven drawings, watercolors and prints, and studies
for the Vence chapel, six chasuble designs (nine cut-outs in all), and a
version of the altar crucifix in bronze.)
Catalogue with a Matisse chronology. Alfred H. Barr, Jr.'s book Henri
Matisse, His Art and His Public publication coincides with the
exhibition.
Reviews: "Henri Matisse: a Small Chapel in France and a Monumental
Art Exhibition at Museum of Modern Art." Life (November 26, 1951 ):
I 08-16; Fitzsimmons, J. "Henri Matisse: the Conflict and Resolution
of Opposed Tendencies, Exhibition at Museum of Modern Art." Art
Digest 26 (December I, 1951 ): 9; "Matisse at His Best; Exhibition at
the Museum of Modern Art." Art News 50 (December 1951): 40-41+;
So by, James T. "Matisse Reconsidered." Saturday Review 35 (January
5, 1952): 34-35; "Retrospective at Museum of Modern Art." Art News
50 (November 1951 ): 46; Thau, Eugene-Victor. "L'Art d'Henri Matisse
devant Ia critique Americaine." Beaux-arts (Bruxelles) 551 (December
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 529

14, 1951 ): 4. (Chicago showing) Sweet, F. A. "Henri Matisse,

Exhibition at the Institute." Chicago Art Inst .Quart. 46 (April 1952):
30-35. (San Francisco showing) "Exhibition at the San Francisco
Museum of Art." Art News 51 (June 1952): 92; Ballard, L. "Matisse
Show at the San Francisco Museum." Arts & Arch. 69 (July 1952): 7-
9; Morley, Grace L. McCann. "The Matisse Exhibition and Works by
Henri Matisse in the San Francisco Region." San Francisco Mus.
Quart. 2nd ser. 1-2 (1952): 13-20.

Paris 1951
Salon des Artistes temoins de leur temps
Paris: Musee d'Art Modeme de Ia Ville de Paris, February 2-March 4,
1951.

Oeuvres choisies du XXe siecle

Paris: Max Kaganovitch, May 25-July 20, 1951.

Le Fauvisme
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, June-September, 1951
Catalogue by G. Vienne, with preface by Jean Cassou.

Jubile, Ecole des Arts Decoratifs

Paris: Pavilion de Marsan, October 19-November 18, 1951.

Sur Quatre Murs

Paris: Galerie Maeght, 1951.

Stockholm 1951-52
Henri Matisse, Themes et variations, Le Reve, LaChapelle
Stockholm: Konstsalongen Samlaren, December 31, 1951-January 31,
1952. (Thirty-two drawings.)
Catalogue with cut-out of Boxeur negre on the cover.

Strasbourg 1951
Dessins franr;ais
Strasbourg, April 1951.

Tokyo 1951
530 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES

Retrospective Henri Matisse

Tokyo: National Museum, March 3-June 6, 1951; traveled to Kyoto
and Osaka: Municipal Museum.
Complemented by the album, Henri Matisse. Tokyo: Le Journal
Yomiuri, 1951. This catalogue has a preface ("Le Texte") by Henri
Matisse in French and Japanese and another essay in Japanese by
Asano. Cover in color designed by Matisse, three illustrations in color,
twenty-one black and white; carefully, if modestly, produced.

Albi 1952
De Toulouse-Lautrec aPicasso
Albi: Palais de Ia Berbie, July 5-September 30, 1952.

Amsterdam 1952
Honderd Meesterwerken, uit het National Museum voor Mode me Kunst
de Parijs/100 Chefs-d'oeuvre de Musee Nationale d'Art Modeme de
Paris
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, February 25-AprillO, 1952;
Rotterdam: Museum Boymans van Beuningen, April 18-May 26, 1952;
Brussels: Palais du Beaux-Arts, May 31-July 14, 1952.

Baltimore 1952
Matisse Drawings (known only through article below)
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1952.
Review: "Accolade to Henri Matisse." Baltimore Mus. News 15 (June
I 952): I -3. "The large collection of over fifty of his drawings which
were on view last month .... "

Berlin 1952
Werke franzosischen Meister der Gegenwart
Berlin: Hochschule fiir Bildende Ktinste, September I 1-0ctober 12,
1952.

Beverly Hills 1952

Henri Matisse, Loan Exhibition from Southern California Museums
and Collectors
Beverly Hills, Cal.: Frank Perls Gallery, May 22-June 30, 1952.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 531

Review: "Exhibition, Perls Gallery, Los Angeles." Art News 51 (June

1952): 87.

Dallas 1952
Some Businessmen Collect Contemporary Art
Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, April 6-28, I 952.

East Hampton 1952

19th Century Influences in French Painting
East Hampton: Guild Hall, August I 4-September 8, 1952.

Geneva 1952
Livres illustres. estampes, sculptures
Geneva: Gerald Cramer, November 1952.

Knokke-Le Zoute 1952

Matisse
Knokke-Le Zoute: /Albert Plage, Grande Salle des expositions de Ia
reserve, July I 2-August 3 I, I 952. (Thirty paintings, ten sculptures,
seven drawings, five prints, two printed fabrics.)
Catalogue with preface by George Duthuit, no. 482; rich in black and
white reproductions of early works, three-color cover of a Masque by
Matisse.

Los Angeles 1952

Henri Matisse, Selection from the Museum of Modern Art
Retrospective
Los Angeles: Municipal Department of Art, July 21-August 17, 1952;
Portland, Oregon: Portland Art Museum.
Review: Millier, A. "Exhibition to be Held in Los Angeles." Art
Digest 26 (August I 952): I 4; "Matisse Exhibition." Portland Mus.
Bull. I 4 (September I 952): I.

New York 1952

19th and 20th Century French Paintings
New York: Paul Rosenberg and Co., April, I 952.

Les Fauves
New York: Museum of Modern Art, October 8, 1952-January 4, 1953;
532 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

travels in 1953; Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, January

21-February 22, 1953; San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art,
March 13-April 12, 1953; Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto, May 1-31,
1953.
Catalogue with text by Andrew Carduff Ritchie; show organized by
John Rewald, wrote the major catalogue essay, no. 1260.
Reviews: Dorival, Bernard. "Fauves; the Wild Beasts Tamed."Art News
Annua/22 (1952): 98-129, no. 1212; Planner, Janet. "King of the Wild
Beasts." New Yorker 27 (December 22 and 29, 1951): 30-32+ and 26-
28+, no. 508 ; Myers, Bernard. "Matisse and the Fauves." American
Artist 15 (December 1951): 70-72+, no. 1252.

Ostende 1952
La Femme dans l'artfran~ais
Ostende: Kursaal, July 12-August 31, 1952.

Paris 1952
Peintres de portraits
Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1952.

La Civilization du livre, les richeses de La librairie fran~aise des origines

anosjours
Paris: Gelerie Royale, March 14-April 15, 1952.

Dessins recents de Henri Matisse

Paris: Ga1erie Maeght, May, 1952. (Sixty-two drawings.)
Reviews: "Dessins n!cents dans !'exposition aIa Ga1erie Maeght; douze
illustrations." Cahiers d'art 27, I ( 1952): 55-66.

Salon de Mai
Paris: Palais de New York, May 9-29, 1952.

Henri Matisse, gravures recentes, dessins

Paris: Galerie Berggruen, June 19-July 12, 1952.
Small elegant catalogue with all thirty works--lithographs, etchings,
lino cuts, and aquatints--illustrated; two-color lithographed cover.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 533

Symbolistes, Divisionnistes, Fauves; hommage a Gustave Moreau

Paris: Galerie Nina Dausset, November 7-29, 1952.

Cinquante ans de peinture franraise dans les collections particulieres de

a
Cezanne Matisse
Paris: Musee des Arts Decoratifs, 1952.

Affiches d'expositions realises depuis vingt-cinq ans par l'lmprimerie

Mourlot et presentees a!'occasion de son centenaire
Paris: Galerie Kleber, December 5, 1952-January 1953.

Rabat 1952
Salon d'artfranrais au Maroc
Rabat: February 25-April 5, 1952; traveled to Casablanca.

Raleigh 1952
Matisse, lithographs, etchings, bronzes
Raleigh, North Carolina: Raleigh State Art Gallery, February 10-March
2, 1952

Rennes 1952
Le Fauvisme
Rennes: Musee des Beaux-Arts, April-May 1952.

Stockholm 1952
Henri Matisse
Stockholm: Galerie Blanche, September-October, 1952.
Small invitation-catalogue with checklist of works, all prints; self-
portrait of Matisse on cover.

Toulon 1952
Chefs-d'oeuvre des illustrateursfranrais contemporains
Toulohn: Salle des Expositions du Musee-Bibliotheque, November 2-
23, 1952.

Washington 1952-53
Twentieth Century French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection
Washington: National Gallery of Art, November 22, 1952-December,
1953.
534 EXHIDffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Annecy 1953-54
De Bonnard ii Picasso
Annecy: August 1-September 1, 1953; traveled to Macon, September 5-
0ctober 5; Valence, October 11-November 11; Marseille, November
IS-December 15; Cannes, December 20, 1953-January 31, 1954;
Ni'mes, February 6-25; Sete, March 7-27; Montauban, March 31-April
28; Limoges, April 30-May 30; Orleans, June 2-25; Bourges, June 27-
July 29; Blois, July 20-August 15; Boulogne, August 22-September
20; Rabat, November 4-13; Casablanca, November 21-30, 1954.

Basel 1953
Tableauxfran~ais: Bonnard, Degas, Gauguin, Matisse, Monet, Picasso,
Redon, Soutine, Utrillo, Vlaminck, and others.
Basel: Ga1erie Chateau d'Art, E. Beyeler, March 10-April 30, 1953.
Small catalogue with documentation, black and white illustrations.

Bern 1953
Europiiische Kunst aus Berner Privatbesitz
Bern: Kunsthalle Bern, July 31-September 20, 1953.

Biel 1953-54
Meisterwerke des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
Biel: Stadtische Galerie Biel, 1953-54.

Brussels 1953
La Femme dans l'artfran~ais
Brussels, March 15-June 1, 1953

Copenhagen 1953
Henri Matisse: Sculpturer, Malerier, Farveklip
Copenhagen: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, November 6-December 6, 1953;
travels to Oslo: Kunsternes Hus, February 20-March 7, 1954;
Rotterdam: Museum Boymans van Beuningen, April 16-June 8,1954;
Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1954; and Houston: Museum of
Fine Arts, September IS-October 16, 1955. (Includes forty-five
sculptures, one hundred twenty-two drawings.)
Slim catalogue with checklist of works; preface by Haarvard Rostrup
and brief introduction by Jean Cassou. Common format but slight
differences in catalogues at each venue. Still Life with Shell ( 1940)
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 535

shown with eleven studies and two in-progress photos; The Dream with
seven studies and thirteen photos, Red Still Life with Magnolia with
sixty-eight studies and five photos.

Denver 1953
Origins and Trends of Contemporary Art
Denver: Denver Art Museum, January !!-February 15, 1953.

Fontainbleau 1953
Le Livre illustre en France au XXe siecle
Fontainbleau: Musee Nationale, June 20-July 31, 1953.

London 1953
An Exhibition of the Sculpture of Matisse and 3 Paintings with Studies
London: Tate Gallery, January 9-February 22, 1953. (Forty-eight
bronzes.)
Catalogue with preface by Philip James and introduction by Jean
Cassou, no. 186.
Reviews: "Exhibition of Sculpture and Drawings at the Tate." Apollo
57 (February, 1953): 35; "Exhibition of Sculpture at the Tate." Arch.
Rev. 113 (March, 1953): 204; "Exhibition of Sculpture at the Tate
Gallery." Art News 52 (March 1953): 43+; "Matisse Sculpture at the
Tate Gallery." Studio 145 (April 1953): 141; "Painter with a Knife:
Exhibit of Sculpture at Tate gallery." Time 61 (January 16, 1953): 64;
Sylvester, David. "The Sculpture of Matisse." The Listener (January
19, 1953), no. 216.

Minneapolis 1953
Klee Drawings, Matisse Bronzes
Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of the Arts, July 7-September 7,
1953.
Review: "Klee Drawings and Matisse Bronzes Shown at the Institute."
Minneapolis Inst. Bull. 42 (May 30, 1953): 107.

New York 1953

The Sculpture of Henri Matisse
New York: Curt Valentin Gallery, February 10-28, 1953. (Thirty-eight
sculptures, twenty-four drawings.)
536 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

Small elegant catalogue, all works reproduced, text reproduced from Barr
( 1951) chapters on sculpture; cover in color of drawing of 1942.
Reviews: "Matisse Bronzes at Curt Valentin Gallery." Art News 52
(March 1953): 40; "Matisse, sculptor; Exhibition at Valentin Gallery."
Art Digest 27 (February 15, 1953): 16.

Collector's Choice
New York: Paul Rosenberg and Co., March 17-April 18, 1953.

Henri Matisse: lithographs, linoleum cuts, aquatints, 1925-1953

New York: Galerie Chalette, 1953.
Small catalogue with all works reproduced.

Osaka 1953
Exhibition of Western Paintings of the Ohara Collection
Osaka: Osaka Municipal Museum of Art, March 30-June 25, 1953;
traveled to Tokyo and Okagama.

Palm Beach 1953

The Art of Henri Matisse
Palm Beach: Society of the Four Arts, February 6-March 1, 1953.
(Twenty-four paintings, seven drawings, fifteen prints, four sculptures.)
Small black and white catalogue with complete checklist of works and
seven illustrations.

Paris 1953
Les Peintres temoins de leur temps: Le Dimanche
Paris: Musee d'Art Moderne de Ia Ville de Paris, January 30-March 1,
1953.

Un Siecle d'art franrais 1850-1950

Paris: Petit Palais, 1953.

Henri Matisse, papiers decoupes

Paris: Berggruen et Cie., February 27-March 28, 1953.
Catalogue with intro. by E. Teriade; cover by Matisse. (First exhibition
concerned only with cutouts.)
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 537

Review: R. W. H. "Events in Paris." Apollo 57 (April 1953): 114;

Cassou, Jean. "Matisse va presenter au public ses papiers decoupes."
France-Illus. 383 (February 14, 1953): 234-5; Degand, Leon. "Les
Papiers decoupes de Matisse." Art d'aujourd'hui 2 (1953): 28, no. 322;
San Lazzaro, G. "Decoupages de Henri Matisse." XXe Siecle 4
(January 1954): 73, no. 350.

Salon de Mai
Paris: Palais de New York, May 1953.

Figures nues d'ecole fram;ais

Paris: Galerie Charpentier, 1953.

Richmond 1953
The Cone Collection
Richmond: The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1953.

Chicago 1954
Twentieth Century Art Loaned by the Members
Chicago: Arts Club of Chicago, October 1-30, 1954.
Matisse's The Conservatory of 1938 shown.

Denver 1954
Ten Directions by Ten Artists
Denver: Denver Art Museum, January 7-February 14, 1954.

Edinburgh 1954
The Diaghilev Exhibition, An Exhibition Organized by the Arts
Council of Scotland
Edinburgh: College of Art, 1954; traveled to London: Forbes House.

Geneva 1954
Tresors des Collections Romandes
Geneva: Musee Rath, 1954.

Oeuvres de Matisse et Picasso

Geneva: Galerie Cramer, July 1954

Lausanne 1954
538 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

Lithographies de Matisse
Lausanne: Maurice Bride! and Nane Cailler, March 8-27, 1954.

Le Locle 1954
Chefs-d'oeuvre illustres de In litterature universelle d'Homere a
Baudelaire
Le Locle, Switzerland: Musee des Beaux-Arts, September 11-17, 1954.

London 1954
Masterpieces from the Sao Paulo Museum of Art
London: The Tate Gallery, June 19-August 15, 1954.

Minneapoplis 1954
Matisse in Minneapolis

Minneapolis: Minn. Institute of Arts, November 16-December 5, 1954.

(Twenty-six works, ten bronzes.)

New York 1954

Henri Matisse, Loan Exhibition of Paintings
New York: Paul Rosenberg & Co. April 5-May 1, 1954.
Catalogue with all eighteen works in exhibit reproduced; no color.

Review: "Dream of Matisse; Exhibition of 18 Canvases Representing

Major Phases of his Art at Rosenberg Gallery." Art Digest 28 (April
15, 1954): 10; Hasegawa, Sabro. "Matisse Through Japanese Eyes."
Art News 53 (April 1954): 17-29+, no. 1097.

Magic of Flowers in Paintings

New York: Wi1denstein and Co., April 13-May 15, 1954.

25th Anniversary Exhibition: Paintings

New York: Museum of Modern Art, October 19, 1954-January 23,
1955.

Matisse: Aquatints, Lithographs and Linoleum Cuts, 1925-1953

New York: Chalette Gallery, December 1, 1954-January 3, 1955.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 539

Reviews: "Exhibition of Aquatints, Lithographs and Linoleum Cuts at

Chalette Gallery." Art News 53 (December 1954): 49; "Exhibition of
Prints at Chalette Galerie." Art Digest 29 (December l, 1954): 29.

Paris 1954
Xe Salon de Mai
Paris: Musee Municipal d'Art Moderne, May 7-30, 1954.
Modest sixteen-page catalogue with Matisse's La Gerbe (1953) on the
cover (first showing of the work); short texts by Bernard Dorival and
Gaston Diehl and check list of works.

Book Design and Advertising

Paris: Galerie Maeght, 1954.
Review: "Galerie Maeght, Paris: Book Design and Advertising; Three
Illustrations." Graphis 10,56 (1954); 14-16.

Henri Matisse, Lithographies rares

Paris: Berggruen et Cie, October IS-November 27, 1954.
Small elegant catalogue with quality reproductions, lithographed cover
in color; important text by Marguerite Duthuit-Matisse, no. 270.

Philadelphia 1954
Gallatin Collection
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1954.

Rotterdam 1954
Vier Euwen Stilleben in Frankrijkl La Nature mortefranr;ais du XVJ/e
siecle anos jours
Rotterdam: Museum Boymans van Beuningen, July tO-September 20,
1954.

San Francisco 1954

Paintings from the Collection of Mrs. Albert D. Lasker
San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, April 4-May
17, 1954.

Stockholm 1954
540 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Modern Utlandsk Konst, Ur Svenska Privatsamlingar

Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1954. (Twenty-two bronzes, one
painting, sixty-eight prints.)

La revue Verve, Teriade editeur

Stockholm: Galerie Samlaren, March 30-April 30, 1954.

Cezanne till Picasso

Stockholm: Liljevalchs Konsthall, September 1954. (Seventeen
sculptures.)

Foreign Pictures from Swedish Private Collections

Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, November 1954.

Tokyo 1954
Exhibition of Western Paintings in the Ohara Collection
Tokyo, 1954.

Aix-en-Provence 1955
Le Livre franr;ais
Aix-en-Provence, July 9-July 21, 1955.

Atlanta 1955
Painting School of France
Atlanta: Atlanta Art Assoc. Galleries; Birmingham Museum of Art,
1955.

Boston 1955
Matisse Bronzes and Drawings
Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, November 1-30, 1955. (Forty-six
sculptures, one hundred thirty-one drawings.)

Cambridge 1955
The Arts of Matisse: a Museum Course Exhibition
Cambridge, Mass.: Busch-Reisinger Museum, May 9-June 8, 1955.

Edinburgh 1955
French Paintings of the 19th and 20th Centuries
Edinburgh: Arts Council of Scotland, 1955.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 541

Houston 1955
Matisse Sculptures, Paintings and Drawings
Houston: Houston Museum of Fine Arts, September 18-0ctober 16,
1955.

Jerusalem 1955
Collection Ayala and Sam Zacks, Twentieth Century French Art
Jerusalem: Bezalel National Museum, 1955; travels in 1956.

Marseille 1955
Premieres etapes de la peinture mode me
Marseille: Musee Cantini, March-May 1955.

Moscow 1955
French Art, Fifteenth to Twentieth Centuries
Moscow: Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, 1955; traveled to Leningrad:
Hermitage Museum, 1956.

New York 1955

The Cone Collection New York: M. Knoedler and Co., January-
February 1955. (Nine drawings.)
Reviews: Mellow, James, "Gertrude Stein and the Cone Collection."
Arts Digest 29 (January 15, 1955): 6-7+; "Henri Matisse." Baltimore
Mus. News 18 (December 1954): 6-7; "Matisse, a Rare Collection
Record; Cone Collection." Vogue 125 (March I, 1955): 132-35.

Matisse, Etchings
New York: Museum of Modern Art, May 4-May 31, 1955.
Catalogue with text by William Lieberman.
Reviews: "Graphics: Exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art," Arts
30 (August 1956): 27; S. B. "Exhibition of Etchings and Dry Points
at the Museum of Modern Art," Art Digest 29 (May 15, 1955): 29.

An Exhibition of Paintings
New York: E. and A. Silberman Galleries, October 12-November I,
1955.
542 EXHffiffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Matisse's Chasubles
New York: Museum of Modern Art, December 20, 1955-January 15,
1956.

Paris 1955
Salon d'Automne (Retrospective Henri Matisse)
Paris: Grand Pa1ais, November 1955.
Review: Alazard, Jean. "Deux peintres: Henri Matisse." Rev.
Mediterranean 15 (1955): 405-09.

Les Peintres temoins de leur temps-IV: Le Bonheur

Paris: Musee Galliera, March 1-May 31, 1955.

Saint-Etienne 1955
Natures mortes de Gericault anos jours
Saint-Etienne: Musee d'Art et d'Industrie, April24-May 30, 1955.

Vienna 1955
Europtiische Kunst--Gestem und Heute
Vienna: Oesterreichisches Museum fiir Angewandte Kunst, June 6-July
6, 1955.

Basel 1956
Maftres de !'art mode me
Basel: Gal erie Beyeler, August -October, 1956.

Berlin 1956-57
120 Meisterwerke des Musee National d'Art Mode me
Berlin: Akademie der Ktinste, August 12-0ctober 2, 1956; Frankfurt:
SHidelsches Kunstinstitut, October 20-November 25, 1956;
Luxembourg: Musee de I'Etat, December 15, 1956-January 13, 1957;
Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, March 9-April4, 1957; London:
R. B. A. Galleries, April 13-May 18, 1957.

Brussels 1956
a
De Toulouse-Lautrec Chagall
Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, March 3-April 22, 1956.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 543

a
Livres illustres et estampes de Manet Dufy
Brussels: Bibliotheque Royale, May 25-June 16, 1952.

Cavaillon 1956
Les Chefs-d'oeuvre d'art modeme--Les peintres contemporains--Les
artistes regionaux amateurs
Cavaillon: Musee, November 10-18, 1956.

Cleveland 1956
The International Language
Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1956.

Colorado Springs 1956

Garden Clubs of America Exhibition
Colorado Springs: Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, 1956.

Grenoble 1956
Dix ans de pe inture franr;aise, I 945-1955
Grenoble: Musee de Grenoble, July !-September 23, 1956.

Limoges 1956
La Peinture franr;aise de l'impressionnisme a nos jours
Limoges: Musee Municipal, January 15-March 15, 1956.

London 1956
The Bronze Reliefs Nu de dos by Matisse
London: Tate Gallery, 1956.

Mexico City 1956

Arte Frances contemponineo
Mexico City: Museo Nacional de Artes Plasticas, October -November,
1956.

Milwaukee 1956
Still Life Exhibition
Milwaukee: Milwaukee Art Institute; traveled to Cincinnati:
Cincinnati Art Museum, 1956.

Montier 1956
544 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Peintres franrais et suisses de XXe siecle

Moutier, France: Ecole Secondaire, September-October 1956.

New Haven 1956

Pictures Collected by Yale Alumni
New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, May 8-June 18, 1956.

New York 1956

Matisse, Lithographs, Drawings, Etchings, Lino Cuts
New York: Deitsch Gallery, March 2-April7, 1956. (Seventy-five
works.)
Photocopy catalogue with checklist and prices.
Review: Arts 30 (April 1956): 49; Art News 55 (April 1956): 81.

The Prints of Henri Matisse

New York: Museum of Modern Art, June 27-0ctober 14, 1956.

Recent European Acquisitions

New York: The Museum of Modern Art, November 28, 1956-January
20, 1957.

International Collage Exhibition

New York: Rose Fried Gallery, December 1956-January 1957.

Paris 1956
Henri Matisse, exposition retrospective
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, July 28-November 18, 1956.
Catalogue with short introduction by Jean Cassou, "Henri Matisse,"
no. 426; black and white reproductions, but with the 106 works fully
documented with bibliography and exhibition record. Mourlot Freres
lithographed cut-out design by Matisse on the covers.
Reviews: Degand, Leon. "Matisse, un Genie?" Art d'aujourd'hui 2,
10 (November 1956): 28-31; "Deux grandes retrospectives a Paris:
Fernand Leger et Henri Matisse." XXe Siecle 8 (January 1957): 77;
Duthuit, Georges. "Material and Spiritual Worlds of Henri Matisse;
Retrospective at the Musee d'Art Moderne." Art News 55 (October
1956), no. 484: 22-25+; Gross, J. "Matisse Retrospective in Paris."
Burlington Mag. 98 (October 1956): 387; Humbert, Agnes. "Painter
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 545

of Happiness, Henri Matisse 1869-1954." Studio 151 (June 1956):

170-73; Watt, A. "Paris Commentary: Retrospective Exhibition at the
Museum of Modern Art." Studio 152 (November 1956): 154-55.

Portland 1956
Paintings from the Collection of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr.
Portland: Portland Art Museum; Seattle Art Museum; San Francisco:
California Palace of the Legion of Honor; Los Angeles County
Museum of Art; The Minneapolis Institute of Arts; City Art Museum
of Saint Louis; Kansas City: Willam Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art;
Detroit Institute of Arts; Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.

Prague 1956
Francouske umeni od Delacroix po soucasnot
Prague: Narodnf Galerie, January 20-end February 1956.

Toronto 1956
The Ayala and Sam Zacks Collection
Toronto: The Art Gallery of Toronto, September 11-0ctober 18, 1956;
Ottawa: The National Gallery of Canada; Winnipeg: The Winnipeg Art
Gallery; Minneapolis: The Walker Art Center; Vancouver: The
Vancouver Art Gallery.

Tournai 1956
Maltres de !'art contemporain
Tournai: Musee des Beaux Arts, 1956.

Valenciennes 1956
Cinquante chefs-d'oeuvre du Musee national d'art modeme
Valenciennes, April 14-June I; Dijon, July 2-August 25; Besan<;on,
September ]-October I; Strasbourg, October I 0-November 25; Reims,
December I, 1956-January 15, 1957.

Yverdon 1956
100 sculptures de peintres, de Daumier aPicasso
Yverdon: Hotel-de-ville, August 4-September 17, 1956; traveled to
Zurich: Kunsthaus, October 26-end November 1956.

Amsterdam 1957
546 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

Europa-1907
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, July 8-September 30, 1957.

Baltimore 1957
Cone Collection
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, February 23, 1957. (Opening of
new wing of museum.)
Review: Opening of the Cone Wing. Baltimore Mus. News 20, 3
(February, 1957): l-18. (Twelve pages of reproductions of the
collection.)

Boston 1957
Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition
Boston: Institute of Contemporary Art, January 9-February l 0, 1957.

Casablanca 1957
Salon d'Automne marocain
Casablanca: November 14-December 20, 1957.

Geneva 1957
Art et travail
Geneva: Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, June 14-September 22, 1957.

Marseille 1957
Chefs-d'oeuvre contemporains, de Bonnard aN. de Stael
Marseille: Musee Cantini, June 21-July 21, 1957.

New York 1957

Paintings and Sculpture from the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, a Loan
Exhibition
New York: M. Knoedler and Co., 1957.

Modem Painting, Drawing and Sculpture collected by Louise and

Joseph Pulitzer
New York: M. Knoedler and Co., April9-May 4, 1957; Cambridge:
Fogg Art Museum, May 16-September 15, 1957.
Catalogue edited by Charles Chatham with reproduction of the works in
the exhibition and commentary on each, no. 1321.
EXHIBffiONS ANDCATALOOUES 547

Paintings from the Siio Paulo Museum

New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, March 21-May 5, 1957.

The Albert D. Lasker Collection, Renoir to Matisse

New York: Simon and Schuster, 1957.
Catalogue with introduction by Alfred Frankfurter and commentary by
Wallace Brockway.

The George Lurcy Collection, French Modern Paintings and Drawings

New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, November 2-7, 1957. (Exhibition
and sale.)

Paris 1957
Depuis Bannard
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, March 23-Aprill957.

Collection Lehman de New York

Paris: Musee de l'Orangerie, Summer 1957.

Henri Matisse: papiers decoupes

Paris: Berggruen & Cie, 1957.
Small, elegant catalogue with Matisse four-color design on the cover;
reproductions in brilliant color, pochoir technique. Two-page
introduction by E. Teriade in which he denies that the cut-paper designs
were a diversion for the aging artist, but a capital development in his
work.

Pau 1957
Dessins de maitres modernes--Choix de dessins, aquarelles, gouaches
Pau: Musee des Beaux-Arts, June 21-September 1, 1957.

Recklinghausen 1957
Verkannte Kunst
Recklinghausen: Kunsthalle, Ruhrfestspiele, June 16-July 31, 1957.

Salisbury 1957
Panorama of European Painting, Rembrandt to Picasso
Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia: Rhodes National Gallery, July 16-
September 1, 1957.
548 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Stockholm 1957
Henri Matisse, Apollon, Collection Theodor Ahrenberg; forty-three
bronzes.
Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, organized in collaboration with the
Association of Medical Students of Stockholm, September 4-23, 1957;
traveled to Lund: Skanska Museet, 1957; Helsinki: Helssingin
Taidehall, December 10, 1957-January 6, 1958; Liege: Musee des
Beaux-Arts, May 3-July 31, 1958; Zurich: Kunsthaus Zurich (with
supplements from private collections) and Gothenburg: Kunsthallen,
March 16-April 10, 1960; Copenhagen: Raadhus, Fredrickberg, March
18-Apri1 9, 1961. (Forty-three bronzes, twenty-four drawings.)
Soft-cover catalogue with color lithograph of Apollon on cover
introduction by Bo Wennberg; text in Swedish and French. Sculptures
numbered in parentheses to correspond with same works--from
Matisse's studio in Cimiez--exhibited at the Maison de Ia Pensee
Fran~aise in Paris, 1950.
Review: "Ur Matisse Anteckningar." Paletten 19, 2 (1958): 40-44.

Henri Matisse, sculptures, dessins, lithographies, ouvrages illustres

Stockholm: Galerie Samlaren, 1957.

Tours 1957
50 oeuvres d'artistes du XXe siecle
Tours: Musee des Beaux-Arts, July-September 1957.

Arnhem 1957
Intematioonale Beeldententoostelling in de open Lucht, soonsbeek '58
Arnhem: Staadtpark Soonsbeek, May 1958.

Basel 1958
Kunst & Naturfonn
Basel: Kunsthalle, September 20-0ctober 19, 1958.

Belgrade 1958
Savremena Francesko Slikarstvo
Belgrade: January; Zagreb, March 1958.

Brussels 1958
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 549

Cinquante Ans d'art moderne

Brussels: Exposition Universelle et Internationale, Palais International
des Beaux-Arts, Aprii17-July 17, 1958. (Russian Matisse's shown in
West for first time since 1917: Portrait of Mme Matisse, Nasturtiums
and Dance, Still Life with Goldfish, Red Studio, Spanish Still Life I.)

Geneva 1958
Henri Matisse, estampes, dessins, livres illustres, sculptures
Geneva: Galerie Cramer, February 18-March 18, 1958.

Houston 1958
The Human Image
Houston: The Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, 1958.

Collage Internationale from Paris to the Present

Houston: The Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, 1958.

Liege 1958
Leger-Matisse
Liege: Musee d'Art Wallon, July-September 1958.

Luxenburg 1958
Du neo-impressionnisme a nos jours
Luxemburg: Musee de l'Etat, November 15-December 14, 1958.

Metz 1958
Peinture en France, 1905-19/4
Metz: Musee, June-July 1958.

New York 1958

Kirkeby Collection
New York: Parke-Bernet, November 19, 1958. (Auction.)

Henri Matisse, Sculpture, Drawings

New York: Fine Art Associates, Otto M. Gerson, November 25-
December 20, 1958.
Catalogue with four-page introduction by Jean Cassou; twenty good
half-tone reproductions of the twenty-one sculptures exhibited; drawings
550 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGl.JFS

neither listed nor reproduced, no. 185.

Reviews: M[unsterberg, H[ugo]. "Sculptures at Fine Arts Associates."

Arts 33 (January 1959): 56; Porter, Fairfield. "Matisse Sculpture and
Drawings [at Matisse Gallery]." Art News 57 (January 1959): 11.

Matisse, Drawings and Sculpture

New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, December 2-27 1958. (Twenty-six
drawings.)
Review: Arts 33 (January 1959): 63.

Paris 1958
Chefs d'oeuvre de Henri Matisse (au profit de l'entr'aide des travailleurs
intellectuels)
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, May 9-July, 1958. (Eighteen drawings.)
Catalogue with introduction by J. and H. Dauberville, interview with
Matisse, "Une Visite a Matisse en 1942." All contracts with
Bernheim-Jeune published here.
Reviews: "Matisse at the Galerie Bernheim-Jeune Dauberville." Apollo
68 (August 1958): 58; "Matisse Exhibitions at Bernheim-Jeune and
Berggruen." Arts Mag. 33 (November 1958): 15.

Les Affiches originales des maitres de I' Ecole de Paris

Paris: Maison de Ia Pensee Franvaise, Summer 1958.
A book of the same name based on the exhibit was published in Paris,
A. Sauret, 1959.
Review: Gasser, Samuel. "Ausstellungs-Plakate grosser Meister/
Affiches des maitres de !'Ecole de Paris," Graphis 16 (March 1960):
108-19.

Henri Matisse, dessins et sculptures inedites

Paris: Galerie Berggruen, June 20-July 1958 (Fifteen drawings, four
sculptures.)
Small elegant catalogue with quality plates; no text. Four unpublished
sculptures given good reproductions.
Review: "Drawings and Sculptures by Matisse at the Galerie Berggruen
and Hanover Gallery." Apollo 68 (August 1958): 58-9; "Matisse
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 551

Exhibitions at Bernheim-Jeune and Berggruen. "Arts Mag. 33

(November 1958): 15.

Recklinghausen 1958
SchOnheit aus der Hand, SchOnheit durch die Maschine
Recklinghausen: Kunsthalle, Ruhrfestspiele, June 14-July 27, 1958.

Reims 1958
Exposition de dessins contemporains
Reims, 1958; traveled to Bar-le-Duc; Brive-la-Gaillarde.

Rotterdam 1958
Van Clouet tot Matisse: Tentoonstelling van Franse Tekeningen uit
amerikanse collecties [De Clouet aMatisse; dessinsfranrais des
collections americains]
Rotterdam: Boymans Museum, July-September 1958; Paris: Musee de
l'Orangerie, October 1958-January 1959; New York: Metropolitan
Museum of Art, February 3-March 15, 1959.
Catalogue with introduction by Agnes Mongan.

Zurich 1958
Sammlung Emil G. Biihrle
Zurich: Kunsthaus Zurich, June ?-September 30, 1958; Berlin:
Nationalgalerie, Schlosses Charlottenburg, October 5-November 23,
1958. (Only one Matisse oil, an early view of Pont St.-Michel, in the
collection.)

Atlanta 1959
Collector's First
Atlanta: Atlanta Art Association, February 18-March 1, 1959.

Bern 1959 I Amsterdam 1960

Henri Matisse, 1950-1954: Les Grandes gouaches decoupes
Bern: Kunsthalle, July 25-September 20, 1959; traveled to Amsterdam,
Stedi1ijk Museum, April 29-June 20, 1969. (Thirty gouaches
decoupees, eight drawings, two books.)
Catalogue with major essay by Franz Meyer, no. 374; separate
catalogue in Dutch.
552 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Review: Althaus, P. F. "Bern: Gouaches Decoupees in der Kunsthalle."

Werk 46 (September 1959): supp. 190; Kuenzi, Andre. "Henri
Matisse." Gaz. de Lausanne (August 8/9, 1959); Lassaigne, Jacques.
"Les Grandes gouaches decoupes de Matisse." Lettres franraises
(August 6, 1959), no. 336; Leymarie, J. "Les Grandes gouaches
decoupees de Matisse a Ia Kunsthalle de Berne (with English
summary)." Quadrum 7 (1959): 103-114, 192 [substantially same
article in "Le Jardin du paradis." Lett res franraises (August 6, 1959),
no. 337]; "Les Grandes gouaches decoupees d'Henri Matisse." Tribune
de Geneve (August 6, 1959).

Charleroi 1959
De Maillol a nos }ours
Charleroi: Palais des Beaux-Arts, 1959; traveled to Ixelles: Musees des
Beaux-Arts; Tournai: Musee des Beaux-Arts; Luxemburg: Musee des
Beaux-Arts.

Cincinnati 1959
The Lehman Collection
Cincinnati: Cincinnati Art Museum, May 8-July 5, 1959.

Copenhagen 1959
Grace og Philip Sandbloms Samling
Copenhagen: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, 1959.

Delaware 1959
Selections from the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts
Delaware, Ohio: Ohio Wesleyan Unversity, November 13-December
13, 1959.

Geneva 1959
Le Livre illustre par Henri Matisse: dessins, documents
Geneva: Galerie Gerald Cramer, December 4, 1959-January 29, 1960.
(Twenty drawings.)
Small catalogue of an exhibition in the Gerald Cramer Gallery of
illustrated books and unusual prints from them, carefully documented
and reproduced in an edition of 1250.

Hamburg 1959
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 553

Franzosische Zeichnungen des XX Jahrhunderts

Hamburg: Kunsthalle, September 3-November 15, 1959; traveled
during 1960. (Twenty-seven drawings.)

Kassel 1959
International Ausstellung: Documenta II
Kassel, July 11-0ctober 11, 1959.

Leningrad 1959
Western European Landscape Painting, Sixteenth to Twentieth
Centuries
Leningrad: Hermitage Museum, 1959.
Catalogue in Russian.

London (Ontario) 1959

French Paintings from the Impressionists to the Present
London, Ontario: London Public Library and Art Museum, February 6-
March 13, 1959.

Minneapolis 1959
Modern Illustrated Books from the Collection of Louis E. Stern
Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, April 1-May 3, 1959.

Miami 1959
Paintings and Sculpture from the Norton Gallery Collection
Miami, Fla.: Playhouse Gallery, January 12-24, 1959.

New York 1959

Matisse, Villon: Prints
New York: New Arts Center, January 9-31, 1959.
Review: "Matisse, Villon, Prints." Art News 57 (January 1959): 15.

Henri Matisse, Drawings and Lithographs, 1905-1945

New York: Bayer Gallery, March 9-April II, 1959.

A Family Exhibit
New York: Knoedler Galleries, April6-23, 1959.

Paris 1959
554 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

a
De Gericault Matisse, chefs d'oeuvre fran~ais des collections suisses
Paris: Petit Palais, March-May, 1959.

Pau 1959
Le Dessin fran~ais de Signac aux abstraits
Pau: Musee des Beaux-Arts, 1959.

Recklinghausen 1959
Die Handschrift des Kiinstlers
Recklinghausen: Kusthalle, Ruhrfestspiele, May 23-July 5, 1958.

Schaffhausen and Berlin 1959

Triumph der Farbe, die europtiischen Fauves
Schaffhausen: Museum der Allerheiligen; traveled to Berlin:
Nationagalerie der ehemals Staatlichen Museen, 1959.

Zurich 1959
Henri Matisse, Das Plastiche Werk (Theodore Ahrenberg Collection)
Zurich: Kunsthaus Zurich, July 14-August 12, 1959. (Sixty-seven
bronzes, one wood sculpture, fifty-one drawings; one hundred ninety-
three works in all.)
Catalogue (separate from Swedish catalogue of 1957) with introduction
by Eduard Hiittinger, "Henri Matisse als Plastiker," no. 201, and essay
by Ulfe Linde, "Apollon," no. 787.

Reviews: "Das Plastische Werk, Ausstellung im Kunsthaus Zurich."

Werk 46 (September 1959): supp.193; "Das Kunsthalle Zurich Stellte
das Gesamte Plastische Werk von Matisse." Kunstwerk 13 (August
1959): 69.

Aix-en-Provence 1960
Matisse
Aix-en-Provence: Pavilion de Vendome, July 9-August 31, 1960.
(Twenty drawings, five bronzes, two tapestries, fifteen books, eight
gouaches decoupees from Jean Matisse collection, twenty-seven
paintings.)
Small catalogue with check list of works, short preface by J.-G.
Martial-Salme.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 555

Amsterdam 1960
Dix Artistes, trois etapes [Rodin, Monet, Van Gogh, Kandinsky,
Nolde, Bannard, Matisse, Mondrian, Malevitch, Klee]
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, Spring, 1960; traveled to Otterlo:
Rijksmuseum Kroller-Miiller, June 30-September 19, 1960.
Review: Sandberg, W. "Dix Artistes, trois etapes." Oeil 69
(September 1960): 42-51.

Bern 1960-61
Teriade editeur, Revue Verve
Bern: Kornfeld und Klipstein, February 6-March 12, 1960.

Henri Matisse, Das Illustrierte Werk, Zeichnungen und Druckgraphik

Bern: Kornfeld und Klipstein, December 15, 1960-January 31, 1961.
(Twenty-seven drawings, one decoupage.)
Well-documented catalogue; text by Matisse, "Commentj'ai fait mes
livres."

Baltimore 1960
French Illustrated Books of the 19th and 20th Century
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, October 15, 1960-January 14,
1961.

Chicago 1960
Inaugural Exhibition
Chicago: The Art Gallery, November 18-December 23, 1960.

Dayton 1960
French Paintings 1789-1929 from the Collection of Walter P. Chrysler,
Jr.
Dayton: Dayton Art Institute, March 25-May 22, 1960.

Dusseldorf 1960-61
Sammlung G. David Thompson, Pittsburgh/USA
Dusseldorf: Kunstmuseum DUsseldorf, December 14, 1960-January 29,
1961; The Hague: Gemeentemuseum, February 17-April9, 1961.

Goteborg 1960
556 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Henri Matisse ur Theodore Ahrenbergs Samling

Goteborg: Kunsthallen, March 16-April 10, 1960.
Catalogue with preface by Jean Cassou.

London 1960
Forty-nine Bronzes by Matisse--Property of Mr. and Mrs. Theodor
Ahrenberg of Stockholm
London: Sotheby and Co., July 4-6, 1960. (Exhibition and sale.)
Catalogue of sale, July 7, 1960.

Important Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Pictures, Drawings, and

Bronzes
London: Christie's, May 20, 1960. (Exhibition and sale.)

Nagoya 1960
Exhibition of Western Paintings of the Ohara Collection
Nagoya, 1969.

New York 1960

Modem Paintings, Sculptures, Drawings, Collected by the Late
Baroness Gourgaud
New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, March 12-16, 1960. (Exhibition and
sale.)

The Colin Collection

New York: M. Knoedler and Co., April 12-May 14, 1960.

Important Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Pictures, Drawings, and

Bronzes
New York: Christie's, May 17-20, 1960. (Exhibition and sale.)

Jazz by Henri Matisse

New York: Museum of Modern Art, June 17-September 19, 1960.

Nice 1960
Peintres a Nice et sur la Cote d'Azur, 1860-I960
Nice: Palais de Ia Mediterranee, July-September, 1960.

Paris 1960
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 557

Cent Tableaux de collections privees de Bonnard ii de Stael

Paris: Galerie Charpentier, I960.

Les Sources du XXe siecle: les arts en Europe de 1884 ii 1914

Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, November 4, 1960-January 23,
1961.
Catalogue by J. Cassou and A. Chatelet; texts by J. Cassou, G. C.
Argan, and Nicolas Pevsner.

Quimper 1960
Le Dessin franr;ais de Signac aux abstraits
Quimper, June I, I 960; travels to Pau, Rennes, Bourges, and Dijon.

Rotterdam 1960
Beeldententoonstelling floriade
Rotterdam: Musee Boymans van Beuningen, March 25-September 25,
I960.

Zurich 1960
G. David Thompson Collection: A us einer ameriknanischen
Privatsammlung, Pittsburgh
Zurich: Kunstmuseum Zurich, October IS-November 27, I960.
Review: Werk 49 (September 1962): 331-33 [note on the acquisition
two years later of the Backs 1-JV shown in the exhibit].

Albi 1961
Exposition Henri Matisse, peintures, dessins, gouaches, sculpteurs,
gravures.
Albi, France: Musee Toulouse-Lautrec, Palais de Ia Berbie, July I I-
Sepember I 5, 1961. (Sixty-three bronzes, seventy-seven drawings, ten
cut-outs from Jean Matisse collection.)
Catalogue text by Jacques Lassaigne and twelve good photogravure
reproductions. Paintings and sculptures mainly from French museums
and the collection of Jean Matisse.

Birmingham (N.Y.) 1961

lOth Anniversary Exhibition
Birmingham, N.Y.: Birmingham Museum of Art, I961.
558 EXHffiffiONS AND CATALOOUES

Bruges 1961
MeestelWerken van het Museum voor Moderne Kunst in Brussel
Bruges, 1961.

Kansas City 1961

The Logic of Modern Art
Kansas City: Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum, 1961.

New York 1961

Masterpieces; a Memorial Exhibition for Adele R. Levy
New York: Wildenstein and Co., April6-May 7, 1961.

Modern Paintings and Sculptures from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs.
Adolphe A. Juviler
New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, October 21-25, 1961. (Exhibit and
sale.)

The Last Works of Henri Matisse, Large Cut Gouaches

New York: Museum of Modern Art, October 17-December 3, 1961;
The Art Institute of Chicago, January tO-February 13, 1962; San
Francisco Museum of Art, March 12-April 22, 1962.
Modest catalogue with a workmanlike, informational essay by Monroe
Wheeler.
Review: Preston, S. "Papiers colles at the Museum of Modern Art."
Burlington Mag. l 03 (December 1961 ): 526; Sidney Tillim, "New
York Exhibitions." Arts 36 (January 1962): 29-30.

Paris 1961
Henri Matisse, les grands gouaches decoupes.
Paris: Musee des Arts Decoratifs, March 22-May 25, 1961.
Catalogue beautifully lithographed (Mourlot Freres), each of the forty-
six works is accompanied by any statement or text of Matisse on that
individual work and annotated (by Fran\=ois Mathey) with bibliography
and exhibition history. Introduction, "La Peinture sans limites," by
Jacques Lassaigne, no. 332.; high-quality photos of Matisse's studio
with cut-paper works in process.
Reviews: Frigerio, S. "Les grandes gouaches decoupes d'Henri
Matisse." Aujourd'hui 5 (May 1961 ): 36; Mellquist, J. "Paris:
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 559

Advances in Sculpture and Painting: Papiers Coupes at the Musee des

Arts Decoratifs." Apollo 74 (May 1961 ): 151; Morand, K. "Les
grandes gouaches decoupees de Henri Matisse [Musee des Arts
Decoratifs]." Burlington Mag. 103 (May 1961): 200; Schneider, Pierre.
"Matisse's Papiers decoupes at the Musee des Arts decoratifs." Art
News 60 (May 1961): 44; Watt, A. "Les Grandes Gouaches Decoupes,
Exhibition at the Musee des Arts Decoratifs." Studio 162 (July 1961):
22-23.

Tokyo and Kyoto 1961-62

Exposition d'art franrais 1840-1940
Tokyo: Musee National des Beaux Arts, November 3, 1961-January 15,
1962; Kyoto: Musee Municipal, January 25-March 15, 1962.

Wolfsburg 1961
Franzosische Male rei von De Iacroix his Picasso
Wolfsburg: Wolkswagenwerke, 1961.

Grenoble 1962
Dessins de vingtieme siecle
Grenoble: Musee de Grenoble, Fall 1962.
Review: Kueny, G. "Dessins du XXe siecle au Musee de Grenoble."
Oeil 96 (December 1962): 67-68.

London 1962
Matisse and Modigliani Drawings
London: Hannover Gallery, March 21-Apri1 19, 1962.
Small elegant catalogue with six Matisse works reproduced; no text.

Primitives to Picasso
London: Royal Academy of Arts, Winter, 1962.

Marseille 1962
Gustave Moreau et ses eleves
Marseille: Musee Cantini, June 26-September 1, 1962. (Eight
drawings, one cutout).
Catalogue with preface by Jean Cassou.

Mexico City 1962

560 EXHmmONS AND CATALOGUES

Cien Aiios de Pintura en Francia/100 Aiios de Dibujo Frances, 1850-

1950
Mexico City: Palace of the Fine Arts and the University, October
-November 1962; traveled to Caracas.

New York 1962

Modem French Paintings
New York: Wildenstein and Co., Rose Art Museum, Brandeis
University, 1962.

Masters of Seven Centuries

New York: Wildenstein and Co, March 1-31, 1962.

Modern Sculpture from the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Collection

New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, October 3, 1962-
January 6, 1963.

Exhibition
New York: Finch College, 1962.

Matisse Etchings 1929

New York: Deitsch Gallery, April 10-28, 1962.
Review: "Etchings at Deitsch." Art News 61 (May 1962): 15.

Ottawa 1962
European Paintings in Canadian Collections
Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, February 9-March 4, 1962.

Paris 1962
Les Fauves
Paris: Galerie Charpentier, March 7-May 31, 1962.
Catalogue with short promotional preface by Raymond Nocenta; many
of the one hundred fifty works in the exhibit illustrated in black and
white; thirteen works by Matisse, including Luxe, calme et volupte.
Review: Lesore, H. "Paris Letter." Apollo 76 (May 1962): 526;
Veronese, Giulia. "I Fauves," Emporium 136 (July 1962): 196;
Brookner, Anita. "Les Fauves." Burlington Mag. 54 (May 1962): 221.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 561

Minotaure
Paris: Galerie l'Oeil, May-June 1962.

Henri Matisse, Aquarelles, Dessins

Paris: Jacques Dubourg, June 6-29, 1962.
Beautifully lithographed catalogue with color reproductions of rare
Matisse watercolors; text by Matisse, "Notes sur Ia couleur,"
previously published in G. Diehl, Les Problemes de Ia peinture, 1945,
237-40; Fourcade (1972), 205-207.

San Francisco 1962

Stein Collection
San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art, March 1962.

The Collection of Henry P. Mcilhenny

San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, June 15-July
31, 1962.

Stockholm 1962
Dessins de Henri Matisse
Stockholm: Konstsalongen Samlaren, 1962.

Venice 1962
XXXI Venice Biennale lnternationale d'Arte
Venice: June 16-November 7, 1962.

Vienna 1962
Kunst von 1900 his heute
Vienna: Museum des XX. Jahrhunderts, September 21-November 4,
1962.

Warsaw 1962
Francuskie rysinki i tkaniny
Warsaw: Muzeum Narodowe, March 20; traveled to Cracow, May 1962.

Bombay 1963
Exhibition of Tapestries and Contemporary French Decorative Arts
Bombay: October 1, 1963; New Delhi: Lalit Kala Akadei; Calcutta;
Madras; Hyderabad: April 9, 1964.
562 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

Caen 1963
Exposition inaugurate
Caen: Maison de Ia Culture, 1963.

Miami 1963
Matisse?
Miami: Lowe Art Gallery, February 8-March 10, 1963.

Montreal 1963
La Peinture franraise contemporaine
Montreal: Musee des Beaux-Arts, October 3-November 3, 1963;
Quebec: Musee de Ia Province, November 18-December 15, 1963.

New York 1963

Reader's Digest Collection
New York: M. Knoedler and Co., May 15-June 8, 1963.

Twentieth Century Master Drawing

New York: Solomon Guggenheim Museum, November 1962-January
1963; travels to Minneapolis: Univers. of Minn. Art Gallery, February
3-March 15, 1963; Cambridge: Fogg Museum of Art, April 6-May 24,
1963.
Catalogue with essay by Sidney Simon.
Review: Kozloff, Max. "Notes on the Psychology of Modern Draughts-
manship." Arts Mag. 38, 5 (February 1964): 58-63, 286.

Nice 1963
Dation Matisse (inauguration of the museum)
Nice: Villa des Arenes, January 5, 1963.
Invitation with cut-paper lithographed on cover.
Review: Cooper, Douglas. "Matisse Museum." New Statesman &
Nation 65 (February 1963): 162.

Paris 1963
Deux cents aquarelles et dessins de Renoir ii Picasso
Paris: Galerie Romanet, November, 1963.
Catalogue with text by A. Romanet.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 563

Philadelphia 1963
A World of Flowers
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, May 2-June 9, 1963.

Pittsburgh 1963
Works of Art from the Collection of The Museum of Modern Art
Pittsburgh: Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, December 17, 1963-
February 1964.

Rotterdam 1963
Franse landschappen van Cezanne tot heden
Rotterdam: Museum Boymans van Beuningen, October 4-November
17, 1963.

Strasbourg 1963
La Grande aventure de l'art du XXe siecle
Strasbourg: Chateau des Rohan, June 8-September 15, 1963.

Stockholm 1963
Fran Bannard till vara dagar
Stockholm: Riksfobundet for bildande Konst, August-November 1963;
traveled to Humlebaek: Louisiana Museum, January 24-April 1964.

Washington 1963
Paintings from the Museum of Modern Art, New York
Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, December 16, 1963-March
I, 1964 (extended to March 22).

Baltimore 1964
Art of the year 1914 at the Baltimore Museum of Art
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, Fall 1964.
Review: Lanes, J. "Survey of Art in the Year 1914 at Baltimore
Museum of Art." Burlington Mag. 106 (November 1964): 528.

Basel 1964
Bilanz--1nternationale Malerei seit 1959
Basel: Kunsthalle, June 20-August 23, 1964. (One cut-out.)

Beverly Hills 1964

564 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Matisse I Picasso, drawings and graphic work

Beverly Hills: Frank Perls Gallery, November 20-December 20, 1964.
(Forty lithographs and etchings.)

Bordeaux 1964
a a
La Femme !'artiste, de Bellini Picasso
Bordeaux: Musee des Beaux-Arts, May 22-September 20, 1964.

Ghent 1964
Figuratie-Defiguratie. De Menselijke figuur sedert Picasso
Ghent: Museum voor Schoone Kunsten, July-September, 1964.

Kassel 1964
Documenta Ill
Kassel: Alte Galerie, Museum Fredericianum und Orangerie, June 27-
0ctober 5, 1964. (Two Matisse cut-outs.)

Lausanne 1964
Chefs-d'oeuvre des collections suisses de Manet aPicasso
Lausanne: Palais de Beaulieu, May !-October 25, 1964.

London 1964
{ 19}54 I { 19]64 Painting and Sculpture of a Decade
London: Tate Gallery, April 20-June 28, 1964. (One cut-out.)

New York 1964

Important European Paintings from Texas Private Collections
New York: Marlborough-Gerson Gallery, November-December 1964.

Nice 1964
Le Midi des peintres
Nice: Palais de Ia Mediterranee, February-March 1964.

Paris 1964
Oeuvres choisies de 1900 a nos }ours
Paris: Galerie Max Kaganovitch, 1964.
EXIDBmONS AND CATALOOUES 565

Henri Matisse, Gravures

Paris: Galerie Adrien Maeght, June 9-July 1964
Invitation; no checklist, one reproduction.

Collection Georges et Adele Besson

Paris: Musee du Louvre, December 11, 1964-February 8, 1965.
Catalogue with preface by J. Cassou.

Saint-Etienne 1964
Cinquante ans de collage, papiers colles, assemblages; collages du
cubism anos jours
Saint-Etienne: Musee d'Art et d'Industrie, June 23- September 13,
1964. (One Matisse cut-out.)

Saint-Quentin 1964
Les eleves de !'Ecole La Tour
Saint-Quentin: Chambre de Commerce, 1964. (Sixteen drawings.)

Vancouver 1964
The Nude in Art
Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery, November 3-29, 1964. (Two oils,
Carmelina (1903) and Nude in Interior (1951 ), and a lithograph,
Odalisque with Bowl of Fruit, were exhibited.)
Review: Emery, Tony. "The Nude in Art." Canadian Art 95 (January/
February 1965): 39-47.

Berlin 1965
Von Delacroix bis Picasso, Ein Jahrhundertfranzosischen Malerei
Austellung
Berlin: National Galerie, 1965.
Catalogue in German.

Beverly Hills 1965

Matisse Drawings
Beverly Hills: P. N. Matisse Gallery, April-May 1965. (Eighteen
drawings.)

Brussels 1965
566 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Un demi-siecle d'amities litteraires et artistiques franco-belges

Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, January 5-24; Mons, February 1-28;
Liege, March 12-April4, 1965; Namur, May 6-29, 1965.

Detroit 1965
The JohnS. Newberry Collection
Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, October 13-November 14, 1965.

Duisburg 1965
Pariser Begegnungen, 1904-1914: Cafi du Dome. Academie Matisse,
Lehmbrucks Freundeskreis
Duisburg: Wilhelm-Lehmbriick-Museum der Stadt Duisburg, October
16-November 28, 1965.

Helsinki 1965
Henri Matisse, grafik, teckningar, plakat
Helsinki: Amos Andersonin Taidemuseo, April 25-May 16, 1965.
((Drawings, prints, poster.)
Small catalogue in Finnish and Danish, introduction by Hans Eklund.

Lisbon 1965
Un Siecle de peinturefranfaise, 1850-1950
Lisbon: Fondation Gulbenkian, 1965.

London 1965
XIX and XX Century French Paintings
London: Lefevre Gallery, October 14-November 13, 1965.

Montreal 1965
J. W. Morrice
Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, September 30-0ctober 31;
Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, November 12-December 5, 1966.

New York 1965

The School of Paris: Paintings from the Florence May Schoenborn and
Samuel A. Marx Collection
New York: Museum of Modern Art, November 2, 1965-January 2,
1966.
Handsome catalogue that functions as a catalogue to the collection;
EXHIBffiONS ANDCATALOOUES 567

introduction by James Thrall Soby, notes by Lucy R. Lippard; second

ed., 1978, no. 1326.

Palm Beach 1965

Feature of the Month
Palm Beach: Society of the Four Arts, February-March, 1965.

Paris 1965
La Cage aux Fauves du Salon d'Automne 1905
Paris: Ga1erie de Paris, October 12-November 6, 1965.
Catalogue preface by J. Cassou, text by Pierre Cabanne.

Chefs-d'oeuvre de Ia peinture franfaise dans les Musees de Leningrad et

de Moscou
Paris: Musee du Louvre, September 1965-January 1966; traveled to
Bordeaux in I 966.
Review: Champa, K. "From Russia with Love." Arts Mag. 39
(September I 965): 56.

Quarante tableaux d'une collection privee [Pierre Levy, Troyes]

Paris: Galerie M. Knoedler & Cie, 1965.
Catalogue with text by Waldemar George.

Philadelphia 1965
Peale Club Collectors Show
Philadelphia: Peale House Galleries, September 23-0ctober 31, 1965.

Pittsburgh 1965
The Seashore, Paintings of the 19th and 20th Centuries
Pittsburgh: Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, October 22-December
5, 1965.

Rio de Janiero 1965

Pintura Francesca Contemporanea
Rio de Janieiro: Museum of Modern Art, June 3-July 4, 1965;
Montevideo: National Museum of Fine Arts, August-September, 1965;
Santiago: Museum of Chile, late November-Late December 1965.

Tokyo 1965
568 EXHIDmONS AND CATALOGUES

Les Fauves
Tokyo: Takashimaya, September 7-26, 1965; Osaka: Takashimaya,
October 5-17, 1965; Fukuoka: Iwataya, October 26-31, 1965.

Bordeaux 1966
La Peinture fran<;aise, collections americaines
Bordeaux: Musee des Beaux Arts, 1966.

Brussels 1966
Art fran<;ais contemporain
Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, September 16-November 13, 1966.

Cleveland 1966
Fifty Years of Modern Art, 1916-1966
Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.

Hamburg 1966
Matisse und seine Freunde, Les Fauves
Hamburg: Hamburg Kunstverein, May 25-July 10, 1966; show from
Paris and Munich, with changes. (Twenty-one paintings by Matisse.)
Catalogue with introduction by Hans Platte, no. 1257.
Review: Whitfield, S. "Matisse and the Fauves at Hamburg."
Burlington Mag. 108 (August 1966): 439.

London 1966
Henri Matisse Lithographs
London: Redfern Gallery, January 1966.

Los Angeles 1966

Henri Matisse Retrospective
Los Angeles: UCLA Art Gallery, January 5-February 27, 1966; travels
to Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, March 11-April 24; Boston:
Museum of Fine Arts, May 11-June 26, 1966 (Boston venue has its
own catalogue). (Paintings and prints, forty-seven bronzes, eighty-three
drawings.)
Major scholarly catalogue with essays by Jean Leymarie, no. 604;
Herbert Read, no. 209; and William Lieberman, no. 290. See no. 129
for a more complete description of the catalogue.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 569

Reviews: Greenberg, Clement, "Matisse in 1966." Bull. Boston Mus.

Fine Arts 64, 336 (1966): 48-76, no. 538; [Chicago site] "Henri
Matisse Retrospective." Chicago Art lnst. Cal.endar 60 (January 1966):
6-7 and 60 (March 1966): 1-5; [Boston site] Kramer, Hilton. "Matisse
as a Sculptor." Bull. Boston Mus. Fine Arts 64, 336 (1966): 49-44,
no. 203; Marmer, Nancy. "Matisse and the Strategy of Decoration."
A rtforum 4, 7 (March 1966): 28-33, no. 340; Seldis, Henry.
"Exhibition Preview: Matisse in Los Angeles." Art in America 53
(December 1965-January 1966): 76-9; Seldis, Henry. "Magic of
Matisse." Apollo 83 (April 1966): 244-55; [Review of catalogue]
Review. Art Quarterly 30 (1967): 97, 99; Werner, Alfred. [Review of
Catalogue.] "The Earthly Paradise of Henri Matisse," Arts Mag. 40
(January 1966): 30-35, no. 764; Wight, Frederick. "Matisse: Fabric vs.
Flesh." Art News 64, 9 (January 1966): 26-9, 64-65, no. 768.

Munich 1966
Der Franzosische Fauvismus und der Deutsche Friihexpressionismus
Munich: Haus der Kunst, March 26-May 15, 1966.

New York 1966

Henri Matisse, 64 Paintings
New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966.
Catalogue with seminal essay, "Matisse: the Harmony of Light," by
Lawrence Gowing, no. 99.

Gauguin and the Decorative Style

New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1966.
Handsome small catalogue with general introduction by Lawrence
Alloway and a short section on Matisse, among others, by Rose-Carol
Washton.

Paris 1966
Henri Matisse, dessins
Paris: Ga1erie Dina Vierny, January 25-February 25, 1966.

Le Fauvisme fran~ais et les debuts de l'expressionnisme allemand

Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, January 15-March 6, 1966;
Munich: Haus der Kunst, March 26-May 15, 1966; Hamburg:
Kunsthalle, May 24-July 10, 1966 (with different names and catalogues
570 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

at each venue).
Well-illustrated, solid catalogue by Michel Hoog, with prefaces by
Bernard Dorival, no. 1214, and L. Reidemeister, no. 1259.

Collection Jean Walter-Paul Guillaume

Paris: Orangerie des Tuileries, 1966.
Catalogue with commentary on Matisse works by Genevieve Allemand.
Review: De Forges, M.T. and G. Allemand," Orangerie des Tuileries,
La Collection Jean Walter-Paul Guillaume." Rev. du Louvre 16 (1966):
57.

a
Soixante maitres de Montmartre Montparnasse de Renoir aChagall
(Modem Art Foundation Oscar Chez, Geneva)
Paris: Musee Galliera, 1966.
Catalogue by 0. Ghez, F. Daulte, and E. Gribaudo.

Cent des sins et aquarelles de Renoir aPicasso

Paris: La Palette Bleue, Romanet-Rive Gauche, 1966.

Sarasota 1966
Masterpieces from Montreal
Sarasota: The John and Mabel Ringling Museum of Art, January 10-
February 13, 1966; travels to Buffalo, Rochester, Raleigh,
Philadelphia, Columbus, Pittsburgh to April 30, 1966.

Thonon-les-Bains 1966
Chefs d'oeuvre du Musee National d'Art Mode me
Thonon-les-Bains: Maison de Ia Culture, June 4-19, 1966.

Tokyo 1966-67
Masterpieces of Modern Painting from the USSR National Museum of
Western Art
Tokyo: National Museum of Art, 1966; traveled to Kyoto, 1967.
Catalogue.

Baltimore 1967
French Illustrated Books of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, October 15, 1967-January 14,
1968.
EXHIBITIONS AND CATALOGUES 571

Bucharest 1967
Exposition de dessins et d'aquarelles en France depuis Matisse
Bucharest: March, 1967; traveled to Dublin: The Municipal Gallery,
June 3-21; Prague: Palac Kinskych, July 4-August 6; Bratislava:
Vystavna sien SSVU, August 15-end September; Budapest: Palais des
Expositions, September 30-0ctober 22, 1967.

Chicago 1967
Matisse Drawings
Chicago: Holland Gallery, November, I967.

Columbus 1967
Selections from The Baltimore Museum of Art Collection
Columbus: The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, November 10-
December 3, I967.

Copenhagen 1967
Hommage de !'art franr;ais, de Courbet ii Sou/ages, des sins franr;ais du
Musee du Louvre et du Cabinet des Estampes et du Musee National
d'Art Modeme, Paris.
Copenhagen: Kongelige Kobberstiksamling, Statens Museum for
Kunst, June 3-July 30, 1967.

London 1967
Henri Matisse, Drawings
London: Victor Waddington, April 21-May 27, I 967. (Thirty-seven
drawings.)
Catalogue, carefully produced with all works illustrated, with Matisse's
"A Painter's Notes on his Drawings," from Le Point 4, 21 (July 1939),
reprinted in French and English.
Reviews: Brett, Guy. "Matisse Drawings of Last Ten Years." London
Times (May I, 1967); Gordon, A. "Exhibitions in London."
Connoisseur I65 (July 1967): 186; Lucie-Smith, E. "Matisse drawings
at Victor Waddington." Studio I73 (May 1967): 252; Mullaly,
Terence. "Union of Heart and Hand in Matisse." Telegraph (April 24,
I 967); Mullins, Edwin. "Passion for Drawing." Sunday Telegraph
(April 23, 1967); Russell, John. "London, Matisse Drawings." Art
News 66 (Summer 1967): 60; idem, "Black and White Colorist."
572 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

London Sunday Times (April 23, 1967); Sutton, Denys. "Matisse the
Draughtman." Financial Times (April 26, 1967).

Henri Matisse, Graphic Work

London: Lumley Cazalet Gallery, June !-July 7, 1967.
Review: Gordon, A. Connoisseur 165 (July 1967): 186.

Moscow 1967
Masterpieces of French Painting, 19th and early 20th Centuries, from
the Collections of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Art
Moscow: Pushkin Museum, 1967; traveled to Kharkov in 1968.

New York 1967

Selections from the Collection of Dr. and Mrs T. Edward Hanley,
Bradford, Pennsylvania
New York: Gallery of Modern Art, January 3-March 12; Philadelphia
Museum of Art, April 6-May 28, 1967.

Drawings from the Alfred Stieglitz Collection

New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, September 9-November 12,
1967. (Six drawings by Matisse.)

Matisse Drawings
New York: Albert Loeb and Krugier Gallery, November 1967.
Small elegant folio-type catalogue, with Matisse's "Notes of a Painter
on His Drawing" in English and French.
Review: Art News 66 (January 1968): 15.

First Showing of Paintings, Sculpture, Drawings

New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, December 19, 1967-January 25,
1968.

Paris 1967
Chefs-d'oeuvre des collections suisses de Manet a Picasso
Paris: Orangerie des Tuileries, 1967.
Catalogue by F. Daulte, texts by J. Chatelain, F. Daulte, and H.
Adhemar.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 573

Recklinghausen 1967
Zauber des Lichtes
Recklinghausen: Kunsthalle, Ruhrfestspiele, June 7-July 30, 1967.

Washington 1967
100 European Paintings and Drawings from the Collection of Mr. and
Mrs. Leigh B. Block
Washington: National Gallery of Art, May 4-June II, 1967; Los
Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, September 21-
November 2, 1967.

Wellesley 1967
Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Paintings in the Collection of
Doctor and Mrs. Harry Bakwin
Wellesley: Wellesley College Art Museum, 1967.

Baltimore 1968
From El Greco to Pollock: Early and Late Works
Baltimore: Museum of Art, 1968.

Beverly Hills 1968

Frank Perfs Presents: Six Sculptures by Henri Matisse
Beverly Hills: Frank Perls Art Dealer, January 15-February 15, 1968.
Catalogue with text by Alfred Barr (excerpt from his book, Matisse,
His Art and His Public, 1951 ).

London 1968
Matisse, 1869-1954, A Retrospective Exhibition.
London: Hayward Gallery, July 11-September 8, 1968. (Eight
sculptures, ten cut-outs, paintings, and graphics.)
Catalogue by Lawrence Gowing, expanding the essay of the 1966
MoM A exhibition, no. 100.
Reviews: Burr, J. "Hymn of Hedonism: Art Council's Retrospective."
Apollo 88 (July 1968): 62; Gordon, A. "Hayward Gallery Opens with
a Large Retrospective of Matisse." Connoisseur 168 (July 1968): 186-
88; Gouk, A. "Apropos Some Recent Exhibits in London." Studio
176 (October 1968): 125; Melville, R. "Matisse." Arch. Rev. 144
(October 1968): 292-94, no. 645; Roberts, K. "Exhibit at New
Hayward Gallery." Burlington Mag. 110 (August 1968): 476; Russell,
574 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

J. "Exhibit at Hayward Gallery." Art News 67 (September 1968): 21;

Schneider, Pierre. "Dans Ia lumiere de Matisse." Express (August 12,
1968).

Thirty-four Recently Acquired Lithographs and Aquatints by Henri

Matisse
London: Lumley Cazalet, Ltd., July 10-August 30, 1968.
Catalogue with two-page introduction by Susan Lambert; all works
illustrated in black and white.

Sotheby Exhbition and Sale of Diaghilev Costumes, Curtains,

Sketches
London: Scala Theatre, July 17 and 18, 1968.
Well-illustrated catalogue with introduction by Richard Buckle.
Matisse's pencil-sketch costume design for one of the Warriors in Le
Chant du Rossignol was sold for 2,200 pounds.
Review: G. W. "Dance and Drama in the Sale-Room." Apollo 90
(October 1969): 356-59.

Matisse Prints I Posters by Mourlot

London: Lumley Cazalet Gallery, August-December 1968.
Review: Burr, J. "Matisse Lithographs and Aquatints." Apollo 88
(August 1968): 138; "On Exhibition." Studio 176 (December 1968):
270.

New York 1968

Fauves and Expressionists
New York: Leonard Hutton Galleries, April 18-June 12, 1968.
Handsome catalogue with many color plates; essays by Bernard Dorival
and Leopold Reidemeister, condensed from the catalogue, Le Fauvisme
franrais et les debuts de l 'expressionnisme allemand, Paris and Munich,
1966, nos. 1214 and 1259.

Review: Rosennstein, H. "French Beasts and Tormented Teutons." Art

News 67 (May 1968): 46-47.

Primitive to Picasso
New York: M. Knoedler and Co., December 2-21, 1968.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 575

Stockholm 1968
Henri Matisse, "Apollon;" Pablo Picasso "Femme nu au rocking-
chair" (on exhibit before auction on January 31, 1968).
Stockholm: Svensk-Franska Konstgalleriet, January 1967.

Strasbourg 1968
L'Art en Europe autour de 1918
Strasbourg: A l'Ancienne Douane, May 8-September 15, 1968.

Washington 1968
Painting in France, 1900-1967
Washington: National Gallery of Art; Boston: Museum of Fine Arts;
The Art Institute of Chicago, San Francisco: M. H. de Young
Memorial Museum.

Yerevan (Armenia) 1968

French Twentieth Century Painting
Yerevon: Art Gallery of Armenia, 1968.

Basel 1969
Die Fauves
Basel: Galerie Beyeler, 1969.

Beverly Hills 1969

Matisse: Thirty-four Recently Acquired Lithographs and Aquatints
Beverly Hills, California: Frank Perls Gallery, January 13-February 17,
1969.

Buffalo 1969
Works from the Hanley Collection at Canisius College
Buffalo: Canisius College, November 23-December 23, 1969;
Columbus: Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, November 7-December 15,
1968.

Cairo 1969
La Peinture franr;aise du XXe siecle
Cairo: February; Teheran, March 15-Aprill5, 1969; Athens: Gal. d'Art
de !'Hotel Hilton, May 9-June 6; Ankara, Istanbul.
576 EXHIBillONS AND CATAL<XiUES

Geneva 1969
An Exhibition and Sale of Impressionist and Modern Art
Geneva: Christie's, November 6, 1969.

London 1969
Henri Matisse--Sculpture
London: Victor Waddington , June 12-July 12, 1969 (Sixteen bronzes
and eleven lithographs-- The Dance, put on stone in 1931132, printed in
1967.)
Small, elegant catalogue on good stock with substantial essay by
William Tucker, no. 217; checklist and reproduction of all works
shown.

Forty-nine Bronzes by Henri Matisse (Sale of Arensberg collection)

London: Sotheby and Co.: July 1969.
Catalogue, Forty-nine Bronzes by Matisse, edited and introduced by
Monroe Wheeler.

Malines 1969
Fauvismus in de Europese Kunst
Malines: Cultureel Centrum Burgmeester Antoon Spinoy, 1969.
Catalogue with preface by J. Leymarie, Em. Lanui, and D. Van Daile.

Montreal 1969
Portraits etfigures de France
Montreal: Musee des Beaux-Arts, December 1969-February 1970;
Quebec: Musee, March-April, 1970.

Moscow 1969
Matisse: Peintures Sculpture, Oeuvre Graphique, Lettres [Matiss.
Zhivopis, sku'ptura, grafika, pisma (Albom)]
Moscow: Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, March-June, 1969;
Leningrad: Hermitage, September-October, 1969. (Painting, sculpture,
prints, fifty-one drawings.) Anniversary exhibition of the artist's birth
in 1969.
An excellent well-illustrated catalogue by M. Alpatov, no. 47, in
Russian that includes twenty letters in French from Matisse to
Alexander Romm ( 1934-36) and to Morosov ( 1911-13), to
Tcherniowsky ( 1934 ), and the director of the Museum of Modern Art in
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 577

Moscow ( 1935). Leningrad: Sovetskij khudoznik, 1969. Essay on

illustrated books by Yuri Russakov, on sculpture by N. K. Kosareva,
on paintings by A. N. Izergina, and on drawings by E. C. Levitin.
Review: Kaptereva, T. "Cr6nica de Moscu." Goya 93 (November
1969): 175.

New York 1969

Matisse and Braque
New York: Borgenicht Gallery, Summer 1969.
Review: "Hommage to Matisse and Braque." Arts Mag. 43 (Summer
1969): 68; Mellow, J. "New York Letter." Art Int. 13 (Summer 1969):
48.

Twentieth Century Art from the Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller Collection

New York: Museum of Modern Art, May 26-September l, 1969.
(Seven works by Matisse.)
Catalogue with preface by Monroe Wheeler, introduction by Nelson
Rockefeller, and essay on the collection by William Lieberman.
Review: Mellow, J. "New York Letter." Art Int. 13 (Summer 1969):
48.

Paris 1969
Cent ans de peinture franfaise
Paris: Galerie Schmit, May 7-June 7, 1967.

Art et travail
Paris: Musee Galliera, October 25-November 30, 1969.

Prague 1969-70
Matisse [Ze sbirek sovetskych muzei]
Prague: National Gallery of Prague, Sternbersky Palace, December
1969-February 1970.
Small catalogue in black and white; short text.
Reviews: "Expoci6n Matisse en Ia Galeria Nacional de Praga." Goya
94 (January 1970): 263.

Saint-Paul-de- Vence 1969

578 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

A La Rencontre de Matisse
Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, July-September, 1969 (sixty-
four drawings' six cutouts).
Important, beautifully produced catalogue with text by Aragon.
Review: Peppiatt, M. "South of France: exhibitions." Art Int. 13
(October 1969): 73+.

Peintres illustrateurs; Le livre illustre mode me depuis Manet

Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, July-September 1969.

Strasbourg 1969
Les Ballets Russes de Serge Diaghilev, 1909-1929
Strasbourg: Ancienne Douane, May 15-September 15, 1969.

Toronto 1969
Henri Matisse Drawings
Toronto: The Gerald Morris Gallery, April 12-30, 1969.

Youngstown 1969
From the Collection of Ferdinand Howald
Youngstown: Butler Institue of American Art, March 2-30, 1969;
Columbus: Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, October 10-December 31,
1969.
Review: Young, M. S. "Letter from Columbus, Ohio; Ferdinand
Howald, Art of the Collector." Apollo 90 (October 1969): 343.

Basel 1970
Collection Marie Cuttoli-Henri Laugier, Paris
Basel: Galerie Beyeler, October-November 1970.
Catalogue.

Bordeaux 1970
Hommage aHenri Matisse
Bordeaux: Musee des Beaux Arts, May 2-September l, 1970. (Seven
drawings.)

Buffalo 1970
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES S79

Color and Field

Buffalo: Albright Knox Gallery, September IS-November I, 1970;
traveled to Dayton and Cleveland in 1971.

Chatillon 1970
Le Jardin de Matisse
Chatillon: Salle des Fetes, October 1970.
Simple catalogue with preface by Jean Moulin, poem by Aragon: "Le
Nouveau creve-coeur" (1947), with pullout print on coated stock of
Venus.

Copenhagen 1970
Matisse. En Retrospektiv udstilling I Henri Matisse Plakaten
Copenhagen: Statens Museum for Kunst, October 10-November 29,
1970. (Twenty-one sculptures, sixteen drawings.)
Catalogue with introduction by Hanne Finsen, texts by Denys Sutton
and Pierre Soulages.

Darmstadt 1970
III. Intemationale der Zeichnung, Sonderausstellung Gustav Klimt-
Henri Matisse
Darmstadt: Mathildenhohe, August IS-November 11, 1970. (Eighty-
two drawings.)
Substantial catalogue with text on Matisse's drawings by Werner
Haftmann, no. 280.

Dusseldorf 1970
Buchgrafik des XX. Jahrhunderts
Dusseldorf: Kunstmuseum, February- April, 1970.

Geneva 1970
Henri Matisse, trente-huit lithographies, aquatints et eauxjortes
Geneva: Galerie Georges Moos, February 19-March 2S, 1970.
Small, elegant, fully illustrated catalogue with introductory essay by
Rainer Michael Mason.

London 1970
Henri Matisse, Forty Lithographs, Etchings and Aquatints
London: Lumley Cazalet, Ltd., April 23-May 30, 1970.
580 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES

Small catalogue with all works reproduced, no text; a fine drypoint of

an odalisque on the front cover, a lithograph of Marguerite Matisse on
the back.
Review: Burr, J. "Exhibitions in London." Apollo 91 (May 1970):
394; Thomas, R. "Graphics: Lumley Cazalet Gallery, London." Art &
Artists 5 (June 1970): 70.

French Drawings and Modem Painting

London: Lefevre Gallery, December 1970.

Review: Dunlop, T. "Exhibitions in London." Apollo 92 (December

1970): 480-81.

Munich 1970
L 'Expressionnisme europeen
Munich: Haus der Kunst, March 7-May 10; Paris: Musee National
d'Art Moderne, May 26-July 27, 1970.
Catalogue with texts by J. Leymarie, P. Vogt, and L. J. F.
Wijsenbeck.
Review: Descargues, P. "Matisse parmi les expressionistes."
Connaissance arts 220 (June 1970): I 00-7.

New York 1970

Four Americans in Paris, The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her
Family
New York: Museum of Modern Art, January -March 1, 1970; modified
version of the exhibit shown later in Baltimore, San Francisco, and
Ottawa. (Thirty-four paintings, nine sculptures, fourteen prints,
seventeen drawings.)
Uniquely designed catalogue with cut-out faux-leather cover, well-
illustrated with period photographs and reproductions of works in the
show. Texts include an introduction by the curator, Margaret Potter;
"Matisse, Picasso and Gertrude Stein" by Leon Katz, no. 580; "More
Adventures" by Leo Stein, no. 740; and "Portraits: Henri Matisse,
Pablo Picasso" by Gertrude Stein, no. 736. Important essays on the
Steins and Cones as collectors.
Reviews: Elderfield, John. "The Language of Pre-Abstract Art."
Artforum 9 (February 1971 ): 46-51; Hughes, Robert. "Patrons and
EXHIBffiONS ANDCATALOOUES 581

Roped Climber." Time (December 14, 1970): 34-39; Mellow, J. R.

"Exhibition Preview: Four Americans in Paris: the Collections of
Gertrude Stein and Her Family." Art in America 58 (November 1970):
84-91; Prideaux, Tom. "Four Patron Saints in One Great Act." Life
(January, 1971): 56-65; Ratcliff, Carter. "Four Americans in Paris:
Museum of Modern Art, New York; Exhibit." Art Int. 15 (March
1971): 50; Young, M.S. "Springtime in Paris: Four Americans in
Paris at the Museum of Modern Art, New York." Apollo 93 (February
1971 ): 135-40.

Impressionist and Modern Paintings

New York: Parke-Bernet, February 25, 1970. (Exhibition and sale.)

Henri Matisse, Drawings and Graphics

New York: La Boetie, Inc., Aprii21-May 16, 1970.
Small but handsome catalogue; ten illustrations of some twenty-six
drawings and other other graphics.
Reviews: "Exhibit at La Boetie Gallery." Art News 69 (May 1970):
70; "Matisse at La Boetie Gallery." Arts 44 (May 1970): 61.

The Ferdinand Howald Collection

New York: Wildenstein and Co., May 19-July 3, 1970.

Les Fauves
New York: Sidney Janis Gallery, November 13-December 23, 1970.
Catalogue by Georges Duthuit and Robert Lebel.

Paris 1970
Chefs-d'oeuvre de Henri Matisse a!'occasion de son centenaire (au profit
de Ia Fondation des Journalistes)
Paris: Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, February 10-March 10, 1970. (Ten
drawings, among other works.)
Review: Dauriac, J. P. "Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris: chefs-d'oeuvre
de Matisse a I' occasion de son centenaire." Pantheon 28 (May 1970):
252.

Matisse
Paris: Galerie Dina Vierny, Aprii23-June I, 1970. (Twenty-one
582 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

drawings.)
A luxury catalogue with excellent reproductions; letters to Dina Vierny
from Matisse reproduced; short introduction by Pierre Schneider.

Henri Matisse, exposition du centenaire

Paris: Grand Palais, April -September 1970. (Twenty-eight bronzes,
eighteen drawings.)
Catalogue well illustrated and documented; important essay by Pierre
Schneider (see no. 154). Accompanied by portfolio of colored plates
(no color in catalogue).
Reviews: Cabanne, Pierre. "Matisse une oeuvre magnifique et une
exposition ratee." Combat (April 27, 1970); Chantelon, "Les Matisse
disperses de 1951 a 1970." Le Monde (November 4, 1970); Drweski,
A. "Grand Palais, Paris; Exhibit." Art and Artists 5 (September
1970):45; Planner, Janet [Genet]. Review. New Yorker (May 30,
1970): 86; Gallego, J. "Cronica de Parfs: Apoteosis de Matisse." Goya
96 (May 1970): 360-62; Hahn, 0. "Paris." Arts Mag. 45 (September
1970): 54; Herzogenberg, J. "A us der Arbeit der Museen: CSSR;
Matisse Ausstellung." Pantheon 28 (May 1970): 247; Hess, Thomas
B. "The Most Beautiful Exhibition in the World: Matisse at the Grand
Palais." Art News 69 (Summer 1970): 28-31 +; "Hommage a Matisse:
Grand Palais; Bibliotheque Nationale, Galerie Dina Vierny." Pantheon
28 (July 1970): 335-36; "Hommage a Matisse: Grand Palais, Paris;
exposition." Connaissance arts 218 (April 1970): 17+; Lipsi, J.
"Matisse-retrospektive, Grand Palais, Paris." Werk 57 (July 1970):
488; Marchiori, G. "Le Retour de Matisse: Grand Palais, Paris;
exposition." XXe Siecle 35 (December 1970): 3-18; "Matisse-en-
France." Oeil 184 (April 1970); Mellow, James R. "New York Letter."
Art Int. 13 (Summer 1969): 48; Millard, Charles. "Matisse in
Paris. "Hudson Rev. 23 (Fall 1970): 540-45; Moffat, K. "Matisse in
Paris: the Master's Centenary Is Royally Celebrated." Artforum 9
(October 1970): 69-71; Morris, George L. K. "Matisse Exhibition in
Paris Celebrates 100th Birthday." idem, "A Brief Encounter with
Matisse." Life 69 (August 28, 1970): 30-44, 47; Murphy, Richard W.
"Matisse's Final Flowering." Horizon 12 (1970): 26-41; Pavel,
Amelia. "Henri Matisse zum 100. Geburtstag." Rev. Roumaine
d'histoire de L'art 6 (1970):107-13; Pleynet, Marcel. "Grand Palais,
Paris; exhibit." Art Int. 14 (December 1970): 55; Preaud, Tamara.
"Pour mieux comprendre l'exposition Matisse." Jardin des Arts 186
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 583

(May 1970); "Pour Ia 1OOe anniversaire de sa naissance, exposition au

Grand Palais eta Ia Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris." Gaz. Beaux-Arts 6,
76 (December 1970): supp. 9; Restany, Pierre. "Au Grand Palais, Ia
Mostra per il Centenario." Domus 491 (October 1970): 56; Russell,
John. "Paris: Unrolling the Red Carpet." Art in America 58 (May
1970): 114; Russell, John. "Matisse en France." Oeil 184 (April
1970): 16-25; Schneider, Pierre. "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais:
Henri Matisse." Rev. du Louvre 20, 2 (1970): 87-96 [lavishly
illustrated promotional preview]; Schurr, G. "Paris: a Tribute to
Matisse at the Grand Palais." Connoisseur 174 (July 1970): 202;
Sutton, Denys. "The Mozart of Painting." Apollo 105 (November
1970): 358-65; idem, "Matisse Magic Again." Financial Times (June,
1970); "Hommage a Matisse: Grand Palais." Conaissance arts 218
(April 1970): 17+. A large clippings dossier of exhibition reviews is
at the Bibliotheque National, Reserve, Paris.

Matisse, !'oeuvre grave

Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale, April 30-Summer 1970.
Catalogue by F. Woimant (estampes) and J. Guichard-Meili (livres
illustres); essay, "Matisse et Ia splendeur des blancs," by Guichard-
Meili, no. 278.
Review: Woimant, F. "Bibliotheque Nationale: Matisse Graveur et
Peintre du Livre." Rev. du Louvre 20, 2 (1970): 97-100 [lavishly
illustrated promotional preview]; "Hommage a Matisse: Grand Palais;
Bibliotheque Nationale, Galerie Dina Vierny." Pantheon 28 (July
1970): 335-36.

Une Fete en cimmerie, les esquimaux vus par Henri Matisse

Paris: Centre Culture! Canadien, November 19, 1970-January 15, 1971.
Catalogue with texts by Pierre Schneider and Jean-Paul Riopelle, no.
1005.

Polly 1970
Henri Matisse, gravures et lithographies de 1900 a 1929
Pully: Maison Pullierane, September 3-0ctober 4, 1970.
Catalogue with introduction by Hans Hahnloser, "En visite chez Henri
Matisse," nos. 281 and 546, and an afterword by the curator-editor,
Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold, "Notes sur !'oeuvre graphique de Henri
Matisse," no. 281.
584 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

Saint-Paul-de-Vence 1970
A la rencontre de Pierre Reverdy et ses amis
Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, 1970.

Strasbourg 1970
L'Art en Europe en 1925
Strasbourg: Ancienne Douane, May 14-September 15, 1970.

Baltimore 1971
Matisse as a Draughtsman
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, January 12-February 21, 1971;
San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, March 20-
May 9, 1971; Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, May 26-July 10,
1971. (Eighty drawings.)
Catalogue with quality reproductions and excellent text and
documentation by Victor Carlson; new edition, New York: Hacker Art
Books, 1982.
Reviews: Butler, J. T. "Matisse as a Draughtsman at the Baltimore
Museum of Art." Connoisseur 176 (April 1971 ): 289; Davis, F.
"Elegant Pen of Matisse." Country Life 150 (November 4, 1971 ):
1206; "Matisse as a Draughtsman at the Baltimore Museum of Art;
Exhibit." Art News 69 (January 1971 ): 8; "Matisse as a Draughtsman,
at the Baltimore Museum." Apollo 93 (February 1971): 141-42;
Werner, A. "Baltimore Museum of Art: Exhibition; Henri Matisse."
Pantheon 29 (May 1971): 252; Review. Arts Mag. 45 (February
1971): 50.

Beyreuth 1971
Henri Matisse
Beyreuth: Centre d'Art, May 1971.

Ceret 1971
Hommage a Aragon
Ceret: Musee d'Art Moderne de Ceret, July-September 1971.

Jerusalem 1971
Henri Matisse. Prints and Drawings from a Swiss Private Collection
Jerusalem: The Israel Museum, Barbara and Isidore M. Cohen Gallery,
Autumn 1971. (Seven drawings.)
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 585

London 1971
Henri Matisse, Ten Portrait Drawings of Paul Matisse
London: Thomas Gibson Fine Art Ltd, April 14-May 22, 1971.
Small catalogue with all portraits reproduced; letter from Paul Matisse
describing the session and how he had been influenced by his
grandfather, no. 631.

Paris 1971
Delacroix at le fauvisme
Paris: Musee Delacroix, May-November, 1970.

Saint-Paul-de-Vence 1971
Exposition de Rene Char
Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, 1971; Paris: Musee d'Art
Moderne de Ia Ville de Paris, 1971.

Tel Aviv 1971

Grands maltres franfais du XXieme siecle
Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv Museum, April 19-July 1, 1971.

Tokyo 1971
One Hundred Masterpieces from the USSR Museums
Tokyo, 1971; traveled to Kyoto.
Catalogue.

Zurich 1971
Henri Matisse, Twenty Important Paintings
Zurich: Marlborough Galerie, September-October 1971.
Catalogue with introduction by Franz Meyer, no. 1250; inauguration of
Marlborough Gallery in Zurich.
Review: Daval, J. L. "Marlborough et Matisse conquerent Ia Suisse."
Art Int. 15 (October 1971 ): 49-51; Moholy, L. Review. Burlington
Mag. 113 (November 1971): 682.

Chicago 1972
Henri Matisse, Master of Graphic Art, Woodcuts and Lithographs,
I904-29
Chicago: R. S. Johnson International Galleries, Fall 1972.
Catalogue with short introduction by Johnson; forty-six illustrations.
586 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

Jerusalem 1972
Henri Matisse: Prints and Drawings
Jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1972.
Illustrated catalogue; many works from private collections.

Leningrad 1972
Art of the Portrait
Leningrad: Hermitage Museum, 1972.
Catalogue entitled Art of the Portrait: Ancient Egypt, Classical
Antiquities, The Orient, Western Europe. Leningrad, 1972. In Russian.

London 1972
Henri Matisse, Drawings 1919-1952
London: Victor Waddington, July 6-29, 1972. (Nineteen drawings.)
Small catalogue with all drawings reproduced.

Henri Matisse, Lithographs and Aquatints ( 1942-1953)

London: Hester Van Royan Gallery, July 6-August 5, 1972.

Henri Matisse Lithographs

London: Victoria and Albert Museum and Bethnal Green Museum, June
12-July 6, 1972.
Catalogue and essay by Susan Lambert, no. 239; new ed., New York:
Universe Books, 1982. Fifty of the ninety works exhibited handsomely
reproduced.

Los Angeles 1972

Jazz and the Apocalypse du Saint-Sever: Beatus et Jazz
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, April 11-May 28,
1972.
Catalogue with essay by Avigdor Arikha, no. 1010.

Munich 1972
Les Cultures du monde et !'art moderne
Munich: Haus der Kunst, June IS-September 30, 1972.

New York 1972

The Sculpture of Matisse
New York: Museum of Modem Art, February 24-May 8, 1972; traveled
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 587

to Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, June 20-August 6, 1972, and

Berkeley: University Art Museum, September IS-October 29, 1972.
(Sixty-nine sculptures, nineteen drawings.)
Catalogue with text by Alicia Legg, covering all sixty-nine known
bronzes of Matisse with related sketches, no. 177. Complete list of
sculpture exhibitions from 1904 to 1970.
Reviews: Butler, J. T. "American Way with Art; The Sculpture of
Matisse." Connoisseur 180 (August 1972): 296+; Donadio, E.
"Matisse Sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art." Arts Mag. 46
(April 1972): 62-63; Goldwater, Robert. "Sculpture of Matisse." Art in
America 60 (March 1972): 40-45, no. 194; "Museum of Modern Art,
New York; Exhibit." Art Int. 16 (May 1972): 50.

Matisse Graphics
New York: Reiss-Cohen Gallery, September 1972.
Review: Hancock, M. "Reviews." Arts Mag. 42 (November 1972): 79.

Otterlo 1972
Van Gogh tot Picasso (From Van Gogh to Picasso: 19th and 20th
c. paintings and drawings from the Pushkin Museum in Moscow and
the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad)
Otterlo, Netherlands: Rijksmuseum Kroller-Mtiller, April 30-July, 16,
1972.
Catalogue with entries by E. B. Georgievskaya, Anna Barskaya, K. I.
Panis.

Paris 1972
LXXXII/e exposition de La Societe des artistes independants I Fauves et
cubistes
Paris: Grand Palais, April 6-16, 1972. (Matisse represented by his
program for Les Mamelles des Tiresias by Apollinaire of June 24,
1917; the linocut Grand Nu assis of 1906 is the illustration.)
Catalogue well illustrated with black and white reproductions; short
preface by Claude Roger-Marx.

Elsa Triolet
Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale, 1972.
588 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Prague 1972
From Poussin to Picasso, from the Pushkin Museum
Prague: National Gallery, 1972.
Catalogue in Czech.

Strasbourg 1972
Occident-Orient: !'art mode me et !'art islamique
Strasbourg: L' Ancienne Douane, May-September 1972.
Catalogue with texts by N. Berk, Michel Hoog, and Joseph-Emile
Muller.
Review: del Castillo, A. "Aduana de Estrasburgo [Occidente-Oriente]."
Goya 109 (July 1972): 27-8.

Toulouse 1972
Sculptures, dessins, gouaches, lithographies de Henri Matisse; Art
esquimau contemporain du Canada.
Toulouse: Musee des Augustins, November 17-December 15, 1972.
Catalogue with introduction by Denis Milhau.

Wolfenbiittel 1972
Henri Matisse
Wolfenbiittel: Herzog-August-Bibliothek, July 19-September 24, 1972.
Small illustrated catalogue.

Belgrade 1973-74
Exposition de peinture mode me franfaise
Belgrade: Galerie de I' Art Modeme, 1973; Sarajevo: Musee; Ljubljana:
Galerie d'Art Modeme; Zagreb: Galerie d'Art Modeme, 1974.

Chapel Hill 1973

Matisse, His Sources and His Contemporaries; Prints and Sculptures
Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Ackland Art Center, Univ. of North
Carolina, October 7-28, 1973.
Ambitious, informative, inexpensively produced catalogue with essay
by Mary Martha Ward. "Sources" include Cezanne, Puvis de
Chavannes, Rodin, Degas, Gauguin, Lautrec, Cross; "contemporaries,"
Bonnard, Vuillard, Dufy, Derain, Picasso, Braque, Marcoussis, Miro,
etc.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 589

Chicago 1973
Twentieth Century Drawings from Chicago Collections
Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art, September IS-November II,
1973. (Five drawings by Matisse.)

College Park 1973

Twentieth Century Masterpieces from the Musee de Grenoble
College Park: University of Maryland Art Gallery, November 7-
December 21, 1973; exhibit traveled to Louisville: J. B. Speed Art
Museum, and Austin: University of Texas Art Museum. (Eighteen
drawings.)

Geneva 1973
Un dessin, une peinture - un dessin, une sculpture
Geneva: Marie-Louise Jeanneret-Art Modeme, June 21-September 20,
1973.

L'Art du XXe siecle

Geneva: Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, 1973.

Hempstead 1973
The Book Stripped Bare: A Survey of books by 20th c. Artists and
Writers
Hempstead, New York: September 17-0ctober 21, 1973.

London 1973
Ferdinand Howald, Avant-Garde Collector
London: Wildenstein and Co., June 20-July 21, 1973.

Pioneers of Modem Sculpture

London: Hayward Gallery, 1972
Review: Melville, R. Review. Arch. Rev. 154 (November 1973): 327-
30.

New York 1973

Twelve Years of Collecting from the Carnegie Institute
New York: Wildenstein Gallery, November 1973; traveled as "A French
Way of Seeing" to Atlanta: The High Museum of Art, 1973.
590 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Henri Matisse
New York: Acquavella Galleries, November 2-December 1, 1973.
Review: Jacobus, John. "An Art of Chamber-Music Proportion." Art
News 72 (November 1973): 74-76; Review. Art and Artists 8
(September 1973): 31; Review. Arts Mag. 48 (November 1973) 68;
Review. Arts Canada 30 (December 1973): 204; Review. Apollo 99
(January 1974): 67; Review. Art Int. 17 (November 1973): 31.

Paris 1973
Tableaux de ma!tresfranr;ais 1900-1955
Paris: Galerie Schmit, May 16-June 16, 1973.

Sculptures de peintres
Paris: Musee Rodin, 1973.

Hommage aTeriade
Paris: Grand Palais, May 16-September 3, 1973.
First and only exhibition of original cut-outs for Jazz.

Dessinsfranr;ais du Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, de David

aPicasso
Paris: Musee du Louvre, Cabinet des Dessins, October 25, 1973-
Janurary 7, 1974.

Theodor Pallady 1871-1956

Paris: Musee d'Art Moderne de Ia Ville de Paris, December 1973-
January 1974.

Tokyo 1973
Paris and Japan in the History of Modern Japanese Art
Tokyo: National Museum of Modern Art, September IS-November 4,
1973; traveled to Kyoto: National Museum of Modern Art, November
5-December 31.

Lavish, fully documented catalogue on artists influenced by the School

of Paris; not so specifically on Matisse.

Masters of Modern Sculpture

Tokyo: Gallery Seibu, November 8-20, 1973.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALCXJUES 591

Warsaw 1973
Maiarstwo Francuskie XVII-XX wiekowze zbiorow Ermitazu
[Exposition des maltres fran'tais, Hermitage]
Warsaw: Palais Zachentu, April4-28; Katowice, Musee Municipale,
May 3-15, 1973.

Winterthur 1973
Kiinstlerfreunde um Arthur und Hedy Hahnloser-Biihler
Winterthur: Kunstmuseum, September 23-November 11, 1974.

Zurich 1973
Henri Matisse, Graphik
Zurich: Galerie Kornfeld, March 16-May 11, 1973.
Small well-produced catalogue with fifty-four individual prints
reproduced; a suite of Dancers (6) and Sirenes (6) and a book not
reproduced. No text.

Albuquerque 1974
Florilege des Amours de Ronsard
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Art Museum, 1974.
Catalogue is Bulletin of the University of New Mexico Art Museum,
no. 8, with essay by Garo Z. Antreasian.

Houston 1974
The collection of John A. and Audrey Jones Beck; Impressionist and
Post-Impressionist Paintings
Houston, Texas: Houston Museum of Fine Arts, 1974.
Catalogue by Thomas P. Lee for the first public showing of the Beck
collection.

Leningrad 1974
Anri Matiss, Novie Knigi [Henri Matisse, Livres Nouveaux]
Leningrad: Hermitage, April 18-May 16, 1974.
Small catalogue of seventy-two works, presented to the Hermitage by
Madames M. Duthuit and L. Delectorskaya, with extended text by Yu.
Russakov; completely documented check list of works, including Une
Fete en Cimmerie, Poesies Antillaises.

London 1974
592 EXHIBITIONS AND CATALOGUES

Henri Matisse, Graphic Work

London: Lumley Cazalet, May 9-June 7, 1974.
Catalogue with texts by John Russell and J. Frank Perls.
Review: Gilmour, P. Arts Rev. 26 (May 17, 1974): 296; Apollo 99
(May 1974): 373.

Impressionist and Modern Paintings and Sculpture

London: Sotheby's, December 4, 1974. (Exhibition and sale.)

Los Angeles 1974

Twenty Years of Acquisition: Evolution of a University Study
Collection
Los Angeles: Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts, April 9-June 2,
1974.
Catalogue with foreword by Charles Young, introduction by E. Maurice
Bloch; Matisse well represented.

Marseille 1974
/30 Dessins de Matisse
Marseille: Musee Cantini, June IS-September 15, 1974.
Compact, fully illustrated and documented catalogue; includes
Matisse's text, "Exactitude n'est pas Ia verite."
Review: Peppiat, M. "Images of Delight and Fertility: Musee Cantini."
Art News 73 (November 1974): 66+; Rigden, Geoff. "130 Drawings of
Matisse." One (UK) 6 (May-June 1975): 14-17; Review. Connoisseur
187 (September 1974): 62.

Montreal 1974
Henri Matisse, lithographs, aquatints, linoleum cuts
Montreal: Waddington Galleries, September 25, 1974.

New York 1974

Cone Collection
New York: Wildenstein and Co., March-May, 1974.
Review: Cone, J. H. "The Cone Collection at the Wildenstein." Arts
Mag. 48, 7 (April 1974): 56-58.
EXJ-ITBillONS AND CATALOGUES 593

Important 19th and 20th Century Paintings and Sculpture

New York: Sotheby Parke-Bernet, May 2, 1974. (Exhibition and sale.)

Seurat to Matisse: Drawing in France; Selections from the Collection

of the Museum of Modern Art.
New York: Museum of Modern Art, June 13-September 8, 1974.
Review: Ashton, Dore. "Seurat to Matisse, Drawing in France." Art
News 73 (September 1974): 99, no. 261.

Nice 1974
Henri Matisse-sculptures
Nice: Musee Matisse, July 19-September 29, 1974. (Sixty-eight
sculptures.)
Well-illustrated and documented catalogue with short preface by Jean
Leymarie; other commentary by Colett Audibert and Henri Bernardi.

Okayama 1974
Gustave Moreau et ses eleves
Okayama: Magasin Teyaman, February 15-March 6, 1974; Hiroshima:
Magasin Teyaman, March 15-30; Tokyo: Magasin Tobu, April 6-23,
1974.

Osaka 1974
Exposition Les Fauves
Osaka: Galeries Seibu Takatsuki, November IS-December 8, 1974;
traveled to Tokyo and Kanazawa.
Catalogue Includes artists' biographies, a chronology, and a short essay
on Fauvism by Jean Melas Kyriazi. Introduction and scholarly notes by
Fran~ois Daulte in French and Japanese; all other textual material in
Japanese only. An article, "Reflections," by Matisse is simply a series
of quotations from the Apollinaire interview of 1908 and the Teriade
interview of 1929. Published by Yomiuri Shimbun Sha, which
organized the exhibition for the seventieth anniversary of the Salon
d'Automne of 1905.

Paris 1974
Dessins du Musee National d'Art Moderne, 1890-1945
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, November 22, 1974-January 20,
1975. (Seven drawings.)
594 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Catalogue by Pierre George!, Maria-Jose Stern, Marielle Tabart;

account of Matisse's gifts to the museum.

Maltres-graveurs contemporains
Paris: Galerie Berggruen et Cie., 1974.

Stockholm 1974
Henri Matisse
Stockholm: Moderna Museet, November 3, 1974-January 6, 1975
Catalogue by Nina Ohman; introduction by Ulf Linde.

Toronto 1974
Henri Matisse, An Exposition of Drawing and Sculpture
Toronto: David Mirvish Gallery, November 16-December 4, 1974. (Ten
drawings.)

Washington, D. C. 1974-75
Sculptors and Their Drawings; Selections from the Hirshom museum
and Sculpture Gaarden.
Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institute, Joseph H. Hirshorn
Museum, and Austin: Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, October 4,
1974-January 1975. Traveled to Middletown, Connecticut: Center for
the Arts Gallery, January 23-February 29 1975.
Small catalogue by Cynthia Jaffee McCabe, organiser of the show; one
sculpture and one related drawing by twelve artists.

Chicago 1975
Raiment for the Lord's Service: A Thousand Years of Western
Vestments
Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, November 15, 1975-January 18,
1976.

Grenoble 1975
Matisse au Musee de Grenoble
Grenoble: Musee de Peinture et de Sculpture, 1975.
Important scholarly catalogue by Dominique Fourcade, no. 89.

Hartford 1975
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 595

Selections from the Joseph L. Shulman Collection

Hartford, Connecticut: Wadsworth Atheneum, March 5-April13, 1975.
Catalogue with texts by James Elliott, Joseph L. Shulman, and Mark
Rosenthal.

Kobe 1975
Collections des Musees de Nice et de Ia Cote d'Azur: Renoir, Matisse,
Dufy
Kobe: Musee d'Art Moderne de Hyogo [Kobe Shimbunsha), April 12-
May 11, 1975; traveled to Utsunomiya: Musee des Beaux-Arts de
Tochigi; Sapporo: Galerie Tokyu; Nagoya: Oriental Nakamura;
Takamatsu: Centre Culture! de Ia Prefecture de Kagawa; Nara: Musee
des Beaux-Arts.
Catalogue (157 pages) with both black and white and color plates. Text
in French and Japanese.

London 1975
Matisse, Light and Colour in Line Drawing
London: Thomas Gibson Fine Art, Ltd., March 24-April 25, 1975.
Review: Forsyth, Susan. "Matisse." Arts Rev. 17, 13 (June 27,
1975): 375; Arch. Rev. 157 (June 1975): 361.
Review: Burr, James. "The Select Few." Apollo 101 (June 1975): 479-
80; Forsyth, Susan. "Matisse." Arts Rev. 17, 13 (June 27, 1975):
375.

Hommage aTeriade
London: Royal Academy of the Arts, August 9-0ctober 12, 1975.
Catalogue by Michel Anthonioz; mostly illustrations from the editor's
Grands livres.

Paris 1975
Matisse, Dessins et Sculpture I tekeningen en sculpturen
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, May 20-September 7, 1975;
Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, September 27-0ctober 26, 1975
(Sixty-nine sculptures.)
Important catalogue with introduction by Dominique Bozo and
important text by Domingue Fourcade, "'Je crois qu'en dessinj'ai pu
dire que1que chose ... "', no. 230; with works fully documented and
596 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

reproduced by Isabelle Monod-Fontaine and Nicole Barbiek,

bibliography, and list of exhibitions. Separate catalogue, Tekeningen en
sculpturen, in French and Dutch for the Brussels show; quality
reproductions with descriptive captions; introduction by Dominique
Bozo, no other text.
Review: Brenson, Michael. Art in America 63, 4 (July-August I975):
50-54; Descargues, Pierre. "Matisse en noir et blanc." Plaisir de France
4 I, 430 (June I 975): 50-54; "Dibujos y escuituras de Matisse,
Brussels." Goya I29 (November I975): I87; Micha, Rene. "The
'Creative Method' of Matisse." Art Int. I9 (October I975): 58-60;
Winter, P. Kunstwerk 28, 5 (September I975): 47-48.

James Joyce et Paris

Paris: Centre Pompidou, Bibliotheque d'information, July 16-Juiy I3,
I975.

Providence 1975
French Watercolors and Drawings from the Museum's Collections,
1800-1910
Providence, Rhode Island: Rhode Island School of Design, I 975.
Catalogue by Kermit Champa, published in Rhode Island School of
Design Museum Notes 61, 5 (April I 975): 9- I 76.

Recklinghausen 1975
Der Einzelne und die Masse
Recklinghausen: Kunsthalle, Ruhrfestspiele, May 22-July I 0, 1975.

San Francisco 1975

Henri Matisse: an Exhibition of Selected Drawings in Homage to Frank
Perfs
San Francisco: John Berggruen Gallery, Fall 1975; traveled to Los
Angeles, Margo Leavin Gallery, November 1975.
Catalogue; forty-three drawings, three prints.

Santa Cruz 1975

Les Visages, Arnovich collection
Santa Cruz, California: Cowel College Gallery, January 19-February
15, 1975; traveled to New York: Eloise Pickard Smith Gallery, 1975.
Sixty-eight lithographs by Matisse from the Jane and Peter G.
EXIDBillONS AND CATALOOUES 597

Arnovich Collection; catalogue with introduction by Gene von

Hartmann.

Sochaux 1975
Trente-trois dessins du Musee National d'Art Modeme
Sochaux: Maison des Arts et Loisirs, May 22-June 22, 1975.

Sydney 1975
Modem Masters: Manet to Matisse
Sydney: Art Gallery of South Wales, April 11-May 11, 1975;
Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, May 26-June 23, 1975; New
York, Museum of Modern Art, August 4-September l, 1975.
Well-illustrated, substantial catalogue edited by William Lieberman.
Review: (In New York) Russell, John. New York Times (August 4,
1975): 15; Canaday, John. New York Times (August 17, 1975): sec.
2: I, 21.

Toronto 1975
The Fauves
Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto, April 11-May 11, 1975.
Documented catalogue with text by Richard J. Wattenmaker, no. 1188.

Basel 1976
Autres Dimensions, collages, assemblages, reliefs . ..
Basel: Galerie Beyeler, June-September 1976.
Handsome catalogue with text by Andreas Franzke; excellent color
reproductions. In French and German.

Dresden 1976
Monet, Cezanne, Gauguin, Picasso und Matisse; Meisterwerken aus
dem Puschkin Museum, Moskau.
Dresden: Gemalde Galerie, 1976.
Catalogue.

Grand Couronne 1976

Hommage a Henri Matisse
Grand Couronne and Saint Etienne du Rouvray: May 15-June 4, 1976.
Small catalogue with short essay by Raoul-Jean Moulin. The
exhibition contained ten prints by Matisse and the work of eight
598 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

contemporary painters: Bellegarde, Lybinka, Messagier, Mihai'lovich,

P. Humbert, Risos, Tabuchi and Viseux. (Thirty-five works in all.)

London 1976
Master Drawings and Prints
London: Agnew Gallery, Summer 1976. (Drawing: Coupe de raisin by
Matisse).
Review: Melville, Robert. "Gallery, Possibly Decadent." Arch. Rev.
159 (June 1976): 377-78.

Henri Matisse, Paintings, Drawings, Color Crayons

London: Victor Waddington Gallery, June 9-July 10, 1976.
Review: Burlington Mag. 118 (August 1976): 608.

Los Angeles 1976

Matisse Prints
Los Angeles: Margo Leavin Gallery, January 1976.
Review: "Margo Leavin Gallery." Art News 75 (January 1976): 67-8.

Montreal 1976
Master Paintings from the Hermitage and the State Russian Museum
Montreal: Museum of Fine Arts, December 1976-January 1977.
Review: Bates, C. Artmagazine 8, 30 (December 1976-January 1977):
ll-13.

New York 1976

The "Wild Beasts": Fauvism and Its Affinities
New York: Museum of Modern Art, March 26-June l, 1976; traveled to
San Francisco: Museum of Modern Art, June 29-August 15, 1976; Fort
Worth: Kimball Art Museum, September 11-0ctober 31, 1976.
Important, well-illustrated, and documented catalogue by John
Elderfield, no. 1168.
Review: Dorra, Henri. "Wild Beasts--Fauvism and Its Affinities at the
Museum of Modern Art." Art Journal 36, l ((Fall 1976): 50-54;
Goldin, Amy. "Forever Wild: a Pride of Fauves." Art in America 64,
3 (May-June 1976): 90-95; Hobhouse, Janet, "Fauve Years: a Case of
Derailments." Art News 75 (Summer 1976): 47-50; Lampert, C. "Wild
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES 599

Beasts, Museum of Modern Art." Studio 192 (July 1976): 78-9; [San
Francisco venue] Werner, A. "The Life-Enhancing Work of Henri
Matisse." American Artist 40 (August 1976): 20-25+, no. 765.

Matisse - Gaudi: Ecclesiastical Design

New York: Museum of Modern Art, November 15, 1976-January 9,
1977.

Directed by J. Stewart Johnson.

Between World Wars: Drawings and Paintings in Europe

New York: Museum of Modern Art, August 20-November 19, 1976.
Organized by William Lieberman.

European Master Paintings from Swiss Collections: Post-

lmpressonism to World War II
New York: Museum of Modern Art, December 17, 1976-March 1, 1977.
Catalogue by John Elderfield, foreword by William Rubin.
Review: Russell, John. New York Times (January 9, 1977): D23.

Nice 1976
Collections des Musees de Nice et de Ia Cote d'Azur
Nice: Musee des Beaux-Arts Jules Cheret, Spring 1976.

Paris 1976
Techniques de Ia peinture, !'atelier du peintre
Paris: Musee du Louvre, June 3-November 8, 1977.
Catalogue with text by Pierre George! and Jeanne Baticle.
Review: Baticle, Jeannine. "L' Atelier du Peintre." Rev. du Louvre 26,
3 (1976): 225.

Matisse, Leger, Picasso.

Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, July 13-September 13, 1976.

Berlin 1977
Tendenzen der Zwanzigerjahre, Neue Wirkichkeit: Surrealismus und
Neue Sachlichkeit
Berlin: Orangerie, Schloss Charlottenburg, August 14-0ctober 16,
600 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES

1977; traveled elsewhere.

Substantial catalogue by W. Schmied and M. Eberle.

Buffalo 1977
The School of Paris: Drawing in France (from the Museum of Modem
Art)
Buffalo: Albright-Knox Gallery, April 29-May 5, 1977; Saint Louis:
Art Museum, June 30-August 21, 1977; Seattle: Art Museum,
September 25- November 26, 1977.
Catalogue with introduction by William Lieberman; selection from
collection of MoMA drawings, 1904 to 1954.

Claremont 1977
Works on Paper 1900-1960: From Southern California Collections
Claremont, California: Montgomery Art Gallery, Pomona College,
September 18-November 3, 1977; traveled to San Francisco: M. H. de
Young Memorial Museum, November 11-December 31, 1977.
Catalogue by Frederick S. Wight.
Review: Stofflet-Santiago, M. Artweek 8, 44 (December 24, 1977): 1,
16.

Dusseldorf 1977
Vom Licht zur Farbe: Nachimpressionistische Malerei zwischen 1886
und 1912.
Dusseldorf: Stiidtische Kunsthalle, May 27-July 10, 1977.
Substantial catalogue by J. Harten, Robert L. Herbert, and J.
Mathieson; an essay by Harten attempts to order and clarify the "isms"
included under the broad category of Post-Impressionism.

Leningrad 1977
New Acquisitions of the Hermitage 1966-77
Leningrad: Hermitage, 1977.
Catalogue in Russian.

London 1977-79
19th and 20th Century Drawings and Prints from the Courtauld
Collection
London: Arts Council of Great Britain, traveled to various British
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 601

venues from late 1977 to March 1979.

Catalogue with essay on Samuel Courtauld by Michael Harrison.

Moscow and Leningrad 1977-78

Onze Tableaux au Fonds du Centre National d'Art Mode meet Centre
Georges Pompidou
Moscow: Pushkin Museum, August 1977-January 1978; itinerary
included Leningrad: Hermitage, and Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou.
Catalogue in Russian and French by Marina A. Bessonova.

Munich 1977
Exempla 77: le culte et ses objets I Handwerk messe.
Munich: March-Aprill 1977; Paris: Chapelle de Ia Sorbonne, May 10-
August 31, 1977.

lmpressionismus, Pont-Aven, Nabis, Fauves: Skizzen und Bilder a

l'hommage de A. W. Heymel
Munich: Kunsthandel Sabine Helms, November 17-December 31,
1977.
Catalogue with thirty-eight page supplement, "Alfred Walter Heymel,
1878-1914. Geschichte einer Sammlung."

New York 1977

Painting and Sculpture in the Museum of Modern Art, /929-1967
New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
Catalogue with text of Alfred H. Barr, Jr.

Matisse: The Swimming Pool

New York: Museum of Modern Art, March 11-August 1, 1977
Installation by Alica Legg.

The Nude: Avery and the European Masters

New York: Borgenicht Gallery, Spring 1977.
Review: Ratcliff, Carter. "Remarks on the Nude." Art Int. 21 (March-
April 1977): 60-65, no. 694.

Nothing but Nudes

New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1977.
602 EXHffiiTlONS AND CATALOGUES

Review: Ratcliff, Carter. "Remarks on the Nude." Art Int. 21 (March-

April 1977): 60-65.

Twentieth Century Paintings and Sculpture, Matisse to de Kooning

New York: Xavier Fourcade Inc., March 29-April30, 1977.
Small catalogue.

Impressionist and Modern Paintings

New York: Christie's, May 10-16, 1977. (Exhibition and sale.)

Paris 1977
Musee National d'Art Mode me--Acquisitions du Cabinet d'Art
Graphique, I97I-I976
Paris: Musee National d'Art Modeme, January 31-March 28, 1977.

Apollinaire aujourd'hui
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, February 1977.

Paris-New York
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, June !-September 19, 1977, repr.
1991.
Important, lavishly produced scholarly catalogue; includes two essays
by Helene Seckel: "27, rue de Fluerus, 58, rue Madame: Les Stein a
Paris," no. 1341, and "L'Academie Matisse," no. 728.

Washington 1977-78
The Paper Cut-Outs of Henri Matisse
Washington D. C.: National Gallery of Art, September 10-0ctober 23,
1977; Detroit: Detroit Institute of Art, November 23-January 8, 1978;
Saint Louis: Saint Louis Art Museum, January 29-March 12, 1978.
Exceptional catalogue with essays by Jack Cowart, John Hallmark
Neff, Jack Ram, Dominique Fourcade; each exhibited work reproduced
with scholarly entries (bibliography, history, etc.), no. 307.
Review: Baker, Kenneth. Artforum 16, 5 (January 1978): 60-3;
Cowart, J. Saint Louis Art Museum Bulletin 14, 1 (January-March
1978): 2-5; Forgey, B. "The Matisse Cut-Outs," Art News 76, 10
(December 1977): 66-9; Harris, J. New Art Examiner 5, 6 (March
1978): 12; Hudson, A. Artmagazine 9, 36 (December 1977-January
1978): 12-17; Kramer, Hilton. New York Times (September 9, 1977):
EXI-UBillONS AND CATALOGUES 603

CIS; Motherwell, Robert. New York Times Book Review (January 4,

1978): 12, 43-3; Russell, John. New York Times (September 18,
1977): 1, 29; Wright, M. Art Int. 21, 5 (October-November 1977): 51-
2; Apollo 106, 190 (December 1977): 509.

Austin 1978
The Color of Color
Austin, Texas: University of Texas College of Fine Arts, 1978.

Basel 1978
Petits Formats
Basel: Ga1erie Beye1er, May-July 1978.

Bielefeld 1978
Graphik des 20. Jahrhunderts aus eigenem Besitz
Bielefeld: Kunsthalle, 1978.
Show organized and catalogue edited by Erich Franz; some prints by
Matisse included.

Bordeaux 1978
La Nature morte de Breughel aSoutine
Bordeaux: Galerie des Beaux-Arts, May 5-September I, 1978.

Des Moines 1978

Art in Western Europe: The Post-War Years 1945-55
Des Moines, Iowa: Des Moines Art Center, September 19-0ctober 29,
1978.
Catalogue by Lawrence Alloway; nineteen artists including Matisse.

London 1978
An Important Exhibition of Works by Henri Matisse
London: Marlborough Fine Art, Ltd., June-July, 1978.
Catalogue with notes by Nicholas Wadley.
Review: Denvir, Bernard. "La Dolce Vita." Art and Artists 13, 4
(August 1978): 12-17, no. 464; Review. "Marlborough Fine Arts." Art
Int. 226 (Summer 1978): 40-2; Mullaly, Terence. Apollo 108 (August
1978): 131-2.
604 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

Matisse, Drawings, Prints, Illustrated Books

London: Lumley Cazalet, June IS-July 28, I978.
Review: Mullaly, T. Apollo 108, 198 (August I978): 132.

Les Fauves
London: Lefevre Gallery, November I6-December 21, 1978.

Paintings from Paris, Early 20th Century Paintings and Sculptures

from the Musee d'art moderne de Ia Ville de Paris
London: Arts Council of Great Britain: May-June, 1978; traveled:
Oxford Museum of Modern Art (July 2-August I3, I978); Norwich
Castle Museum (August I9-0ctober I, I978); Manchester Whitworth
Art Gallery (October 7-November II, I978); Coventry Herbert Art
Gallery and Museum (November IS-December 3I, I978).
Catalogue by Michael Harrison and Joanna Drew; preface by Jacques
Lassaigne.
Review: Roberts. Burlington Mag. I20, 905 (August 1978): 552;
Macus. Art & Artists 13, 5 (September I978): I8-21.

New York 1978-79

The Eye of [Alfred] Stieglitz
New York: Hirschi and Adler Gallery, October 7-November 2, I978.

Matisse in the Collection of the Museum of Modern Art

New York: Museum of Modern Art, October 26, I978-January 30,
I979.
Important catalogue fully documenting the works, by John Elderfield,
no. 78, with additional texts by William S. Lieberman, no. 29I, and
Riva Castleman, no. 268.
Reviews: Bioules, V. "Matisse: Museum of Modern Art, New York;
exhibit." Flash Art/Heute Kunst 88-89 (March-April I 979): I 0- I I;
idem, Art Press Int. 30 (July I979): I 8- I 9; Blistene, B. "On Matisse:
Museum of Modern Art, New York; Exhibit (with French text)." Flash
Art/Heute Kunst 88-89 (March-April I 979): 9, 59-60; Bremer, N.
"Matisse in the Collection of the Museum of Modern Art: Exhibit."
Pantheon 37, 2 (April 1979): I 26+; Carlson, Victor. "Matisse in the
Collection of the Museum of Modern Art (review of exhibition
catalogue)." Museum News 57 (March 1979): 67; Gibson, E. "Matisse
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 605

in the Collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, Exhibit."

Art Int. 22, 10 (March 1979): 43; "Museum of Modern Art, New York;
Exhibit." Burlington Mag. 121 (January 1979): 64; "Museum of
Modern Art, New York; Exhibit." Flash Art!Heute Kunst 86-87
(January-February 1979): 39; "Promised Gifts: Museum of Modern Art,
New York: Ausstellung." Kunstwerk 32 (February 1979): 38;
Russell, John. "A Monumental Showing of Matisse's Work." New
York Times, December 3, 1978, D35; Schwartz, E. "Glory of
Matisse: Museum of Modern Art, New York." Art News 78 (January
1979): 157; Watkins, Nicholas. Burlington Mag. 122, 923 (February
1980): 136-7.

The Evelyn Sharp Collection

New York: Solomon Guggenheim Museum, April !-October l, 1978.
Catalogue by Louise Averill Svendsen with Philip Verre and Hilarie
Faberman; preface by Thomas M. Messer.

Prints by Old & Modem Masters from Durer to Matisse

New York: Lucien Goldschmidt Inc., 1978. (Two works by Matisse.)

Paris 1978
Tableaux des maitres et des peintres contemporains
Paris: Galerie Tamenaga, October 18-November 10, 1978.

De Renoir aMatisse, vingt-deux chefs-d'oeuvre des musees sovietiques

etfran~ais
Paris: Grand Palais, June 6-September 18, 1978.
Catalogue by Anne Distel and Michael Hoog under the direction of
Helene Adhemar. Eleven works from Soviet museums supplemented by
eleven cognate works from the museums of Paris; Matisse works
exhibited were Young Girl and Tulips (1910) and Arums, Iris and
Mimosas (1913).
Review: Muratova, X. Burlington Mag. 120, 905 (August 1978): 560.

Donation Picasso: Ia collection personelle de Picasso.

Paris: Musee National du Louvre, 1978.
Catalogue with introduction by Jean Leymarie; includes Picasso's
works by Matisse.
606 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES

lmportants livres illustres et oeuvres originales d'artistes modemes

Paris: Hotel Drouot, December 14, 1978. (Exhibition and sale.)

Rome 1978
Henri Matisse
Rome: Villa Medici and Academie de France, November 24, 1978-
January 28, 1979.
Catalogue with short essays by G. C. Argan, J. Leymarie, and texts by
Matisse; works exhibited are well illustrated and documented. Texts in
Italian, French, and English.
Reviews: Daix, Pierre. "Matisse a Rome: Exposition." Gaz. beaux-arts
6, 93 (March 1979): supp. 13-14; Turner, G. "Villa Medici, Rome;
Exhibit." Connoisseur 200 (February 1979): 152; "Villa Medici,
Rom a; exposici6n." Goya 155 (March-April 1980): 315-16; Domus
Int. 592 (March 1979): 48.

Saint-Tropez 1978
D'un Espace a!'autre: La Fenetre
Saint-Tropez: Musee de I'Annonciade, June 15-September 15, 1978.
Catalogue with important essays by Jean Laude (no. 902), Pierre
Schneider no. 718), Alain Mousseigne, et al. All works reproduced and
fully documented.

Baltimore 1979
Master Drawings and Watercolors of the Nineteenth and Twentieth
Centuries
Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, August 1979.
Catalogue by Victor I. Carlson, with entries by Carol Hynning Smith.
Works from the Museum's collection.

Bern 1979
Skulptur: Matisse, Giacometti, Judd, Flavin, Andre, Long
Bern: Kunsthalle, August 17-September 23, 1979.
Exhibition contrasts sculpors of two generations. Catalogue by
Marianne Schmidt-Meischer and Johann Gachnang.
Review: Pohlen, A. Kunstforum Int. 5 (1979): 198-9.

Buffalo 1979
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 607

Matisse, Picasso, Prints in the Collection

Buffalo: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, July 3-August 5, 1979.
Small catalogue by Charlotte Kotik; fourteen prints by Matisse;
thirteen by Picasso.

Modern European Sculpture, 1918-1945: Unknown Beings and Other

Realities
Buffalo: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, May 12-July 15, 1979; traveled to
Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts (July 22-September 2,
1979); San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (October
5-November 18, 1979).
Catalogue by Steven A. Nash, organizer of the exhibition, and Albert
E. Elsen. Published as Elsen's Modern European Sculpture, 1918-1945.
New York and Buffalo: George Braziller, Inc. and the Albright-Knox
Art Gallery, 1979.
Review: French. Artweek 19, 37 (November 10, 1979): 3; Schwartz,
E. Art News 78, 10 (December 1979): 60-62.

Huntington 1979
Henri Matisse: Jaz:z and Other Illustrated Books
Huntington, New York: Hecksher Museum, January 12-February 18,
1979.
Small catalogue with introduction by Katherine Lochridge and essay by
Ellen B. Hirshland. Other books included Poesies de Stephane
Mallarme, Jaz:z, Repli, Charles d'Orleans, Apollinaire; maquettes for
Verve IV, 13; ibid., VI, 21-22.

Kyoto 1979
French Painting of the late 19th and 20th Centuries from the
collections of the Hermitage, Leningrad, and the Pushkin Museum of
Fine Arts, Moscow.
Kyoto: 1979; traveled to Tokyo and Kamakura.

Leningrad 1979
New Acquisitions of the Hermitage 1978-79
Leningrad, Hermitage, 1979.
Catalogue: Monuments of Culture and Art Acquired by the Hermitage
in 1978-79, in Russian.
608 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

Peinture franfaise ( 1909-1939) des collections du Musee National d'Art

Mode me
Leningrad: Hermitage, September-October 1979; traveled to Moscow:
Pushkin Museum, November-December 18, 1979.

London 1979
Important Impressionist and Modern Paintings and Drawings
London: Sotheby's, April 1-2, 1979. (Exhibition and sale.)

Post -Impressionism, Cross-Currents in European Painting, 1880-1906

London: The Royal Academy of Arts, November 17, 1979-March 16,
1980; traveled to Washington: National Gallery of Art, May 25-
September 1, 1980. Handsome catalogue, with extensive documentation
and substantive essays.

Review: Cork, Richard. "A Post-Mortem on Post-Impressionism." Art

in America 68, 8 (October 1980): 149-53, no. 443.

Henri Matisse, Jean Arp

London: Theo Waddington Gallery, 1979.
Review: Lacey, J. Arts Rev. 31, 5 (March 16, 1979): 119.

Los Angeles 1979

Grunwald Center Acquisitions
Los Angeles: Grunwald Center for the Graphic Arts, July 1979-June
1980.

New York 1979

Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary Paintings and Sculpture
New York: Sotheby Parke Bernet, Inc., May 11-16, 1979. (Exhibition
and sale.)

Matisse and Master Drawings from the Baltimore Museum of Art

New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, August 24-
0ctober 8, 1979.
Review: Llorens, E. "La coleccion de las hermanas Cone del Museo di
Baltimore en el Museo Guggenheim," Goya 152 (September-October
1979): 101-02.
EXHIBillONS ANDCATALOOUES 609

Art of the Twenties

New York: Museum of Modern Art, November 14, 1979-January 22,
1980.
Substantial catalogue on this decade edited by William S. Lieberman
and E. Kokkinen, with works drawn from the collection (significantly
only two by Matisse--a painting and a print). No color reproductions;
slight text.

Nice 1979
Henri Matisse, acquisitions recentes
Nice: Musee Matisse, November 1979.
Reviews: "Musee Matisse, Nice; exposition," Art Int. 23 (October
1979): 44-45; "Musee Matisse, Nice; Exposition," L'Oeil 292
(November 1979): 67.

Paris 1979
L'Oeil ecoute de Gaeton Picon
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, April 18-June 18, 1979.

Matisse dans les collections du Musee National d'Art Modeme,

acquisitions recentes
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, November 14-December 31,
1979. (Includes twenty drawings.)
Substantial catalogue with text and documentation by Isabelle Monad-
Fontaine, no. 139.

Paris-Moscou /900-1930
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, 1979.
Important, lavishly illustrated, documented catalogue, includes an
introduction by Jean-Hubert Martin and Carole Naggar that deals with,
among other things, Matisse's role in the Paris-Moscow dialogue, no.
624.

Matisse-Jau.
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, 1979. (Traveling exhibition.)
Catalogue.

Le Salon d'Automne of 1905 (Seventy-fifth anniversary of Fauvism)

Paris: Grand Palais, November !-December 21, 1979.
610 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALCXJUES

Review: Mazars, Pierre. "Les Rugissements de Ia "Cage aux fauves."

Arts (October 27, 1979): 120-21 +; Vignoht, G. "La Porte etroite."
Peintre 592 (November 1, 1979): 3-7.

Pontoise 1979-1980
Aquarelles et dessins du Musee de Pontoise (acquisitions et dons
recents)
Pontoise: Musee Tavet Delacour, Pontoise, December 1, 1979-January
31, 1980.
Catalogue by Isabelle Julia and Edda Maillet, with preface by Victor
Beyer; thirty-two artists represented.
Review: "Aquarelles et dessins du Musee de Pontoise, acquisitions et
dons recents." Oeil 293 (December 1979): 88.

Washington, D. C. 1979
Matisse Prints
Washington, D. C.: Horn Gallery, May 1979.
Review: Perlmutter, J. Art Voices South 2, 3 (May-June 79): 49-52.

Basel 1980
Matisse, huiles, gouaches decoupees, dessins, sculptures
Basel: Galerie Beyeler, June-September, 1980; traveled to Madrid:
Fundaci6n Juan March, October-December 1980.
Handsome, carefully produced catalogue with excellent color plates; no
text but selected quotations by Matisse. Catalogue for Madrid venue in
Spanish, Matisse: Oleos, dibujos, gouaches decoupees, esculturas y
Libras.
Review: [Madrid venue] Figuerola-Ferretti, L., Goya (July-August
1980): 39-40; Power, K. Arts Rev. 32, 23 (November 21, 1980): 533.

Berlin 1980
Hommage a Teriade--buchillustrationen aus Frankreich
Berlin: Akademie der Kiinste, February 15-March 16, 1980.
Catalogue by Ute Schuffenhauer, Inge Zimmermann, and Horst Jorg
Ludwig.

Chicago 1980
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 611

Books Illustrated by Painters and Sculptors from 1900

Chicago: Arts Club of Chicago, September 22-0ctober 31, 1980.
Modest catalogue by J. M. Wells; scholarly documentation.

Dallas 1980
Livres d'artiste by Braque, Matisse, and Picasso from the Collection of
the Bridewell Library
Dallas, Texas: Southern Methodist University Pollock Galleries, March
4-April 11, 1980.
Small catalogue prepared by William Jordan and Decher Turner.

Ghent 1980
Henri Matisse en de Hedendaagse Franse Kunst: Vautier, Burri, de
Saint- Phalle, Cadere, Hantai; Jacquet, Klein, Messager, Pages,
Raysse, Rutault, Toroni, Viallat
Ghent: Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst, October 7-November 20,
1980. Illustrated catalogue in Dutch, French, and German, by C.
Millet, foreword by Jan Hoet.

Leningrad 1980
Henri Matisse, L'Art du livre, collection de !'Hermitage (Anri Matiss,
lskusstvo Knigi )
Leningrad: Hermitage Museum, 1980.
Carefully produced, illustrated and documented catalogue of modest
format, with extended text by Yu. Rusakov. Color illustration of Icarus
on cover, no. 252.

London 1980
Important XIX and XX Century Paintings and Drawings
London: Lefevre Gallery, November 6-December 19, 1980.

Henri Matisse: Drawings, Paper Cut-outs, Illustrated Books

London: Theo Waddington Gallery, July 2-August 2, 1980.

Los Angeles 1980

The Graphic Art of Henri Matisse
Los Angeles: FrederickS. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, September 3-
November 2, 1980.
Catalogue of Matisse graphic works in University's collections; by
612 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Lucinda H. Gedeon and Michael W. Schantz; complete list of Grunwald

Center Matisse acquisitions in 1980-81, by M. Schantz, is added.

Henri Matisse, Works on Paper

Los Angeles: Mekler Gallery, November 16-December 1980.
Small catalogue with works reproduced and completely described; no
text.

Minneappolis 1980
French Book Illustrators 1925-1980
Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of the Arts, February 7-April27,
1980.

Montauban 1980
Ingres et sa posterite jusqu'a Matisse et Picasso
Montauban: Musee Ingres, June 28-September 7, 1980.

Montpellier 1980
De Raphael a Matisse: 100 des sins du Musee Fabre
Montpellier: Musee Fabre, July-September 1980.
Catalogue with all works illustrated.

Munster 1980
Reliefs: Formprobleme zwischen Mae rei und Skulptur im 20.
Jahrhuruiert
Munster: Westfalisches Landesmuseum ftir Kunst und Kulturgeschichte;
travels to Zurich: Kunsthaus, 1981.
Lavishly illustrated catalogue with text by Ernst Gerhard Guse; 206
works in full survey of modern relief sculpture.
Review: Mai, E. Pantheon 38, 4 (October-December 1980): 324-26;
Bauermeister. Kunstwerk 33, 4 (1980): 81-82.

New York 1980

Modern Masters: European Paintings from The Museum of Modern
Art, New York
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, June 5-0ctober 12, 1980.

From Matisse to American Abstract Painting

New York: Washburn Gallery, November-December 1980.
EXI-llBillONS AND CATALOOUES 613

Small catalogue with artists Norman Bluhm, Richard Diebenkorn, A1

Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, Frank Stella,
and Jack Youngerman included.

The Painterly Print: Monotypes from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth

Century
Metropolitan Museum of Art, October 16, 1980-January 1981; traveled
to Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, January 25-March 22, 1981.
Catalogue with essay, "Modern Monotypes," by Colta lves which
discusses Matisse's work in the medium.
Review: Raynor, V. New York Times (October 17, 1980): C24;
Kramer, Hilton. New York Times (October 24, 1980): C1, C25; Fern,
A. New York Times Book Rev. (December 14, 1980): 12, 31; Field,
R. Print Collecors Newsletter 11,6 (January-February 1981): 202-4.

Paris 1980
Rene Char, manuscrits enlumines par des peintres du XXe siecle
Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale, January 16-March 30, 1980.
Catalogue by Antoine Coron; checklist of works by Char illustrated or
decorated by artists.

Matisse, dessins
Paris: Galerie Dina Vierny, May 28-July 20, 1980
Handsomely produced catalogue with short texts by Pierre Schneider and
Dina Vierny.

Cinq annees d'enrichissement du patrimoine national, 1975-1980,

donations, dations, acquisitions
Paris: Grand Palais, November 15, 1980-March 2, 1981.

Bielefeld 1981
Henri Matisse, Das Goldene Zeitalter
Bielefeld: Kunsthalle, October 18-December 13, 1981. (Includes fifty-
five drawings.)
Lavishly produced catalogue with important essays by Hans Joachim
Mahl, Ulrich Weisner, no. 763, Douglas Cooper, no. 440, Pierre
Schneider, no. 719, Lorenz Dittmann, no. 472, Gottfried Boehm, no.
262 Gerd Udo Feller, no. 497, and Werner Hofmann, no. 562.
614 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES

Reviews: Growe, B. Weltkunst 51, 23 (December 1981): 3647-9;

Leinz, G. "Das Goldene Zeitalter [Kunsthalle Bielefeld: Ausstellung]."
Pantheon 40, I (January-March 1982): 53-54; Puvogel, R.
[Kunsthalle Bielefeld; Ausstellung}. Kunstwerk 35, 1 (1982): 62-63;
Watkins, Nicholas. Burlington Mag. 125, 969 (December 1982): 771-
2.

Cannes 1981
Henri Matisse, dessins, lithographies, sculpture, collage, 1906-1952
Cannes: Galerie Herbage, March 31-June 27, 1981. (Twenty-four
drawings, three sculptures, engravings, and lithographs.)
Luxurious catalogue in French and English with preface by Douglas
Cooper to inaugurate the gallery; quality reproductions on good stock.
Review: "Henri Matisse, dessins, lithographies, sculptures, collages,
1906-1952: Gal erie Herbage." L'Oeil 311 (June 1981 ): 83-84.

Geneva 1981
Henri Matisse: gravures originales sur le theme de Pasiphae
Geneva: Galerie Patrick Cramer, December 1, 1981-January 22, 1982.
Small catalogue in folio form (edition of 2500) explaining the
publication of a book of the same name containing all of Matisse's
original gravures on the theme of Chant de Minos, even though not
finally used in the original Montherlant/Matisse book. Extract from
the book by Dominique Bozo. U.S. ed. as Original Engravings on the
Theme of Pasiphae; Chant de minos (Les Cretois). Paris: Les Heritiers
de I' Artiste, 1981. 2 vols., no. 1035.

Hiroshima and Nishinomiya 1981

Matisse et ses amis
Hiroshima: Musee des Beaux-Arts, March 14-April 5, 1981;
Nishinomiya: Musee Otani des Beaux-Arts, AprillO-May 5, 1981;
Kunamoto: Musee des Beaux-Arts Prefecture de Kunamoto, May 9-31,
1981; Tokushima: Maison de Ia Culture Regionale de Ia Prefecture de
Tokushima, June 6-28, 1981.
The Musee Matisse organized the show from their collection in
collaboration with the Otani Museum of Fine Arts, Nishinomiya.
Sumptuous catalogue in Japanese and French, preface by Colette
Audibert; careful catalogue entries by Patrick Ducourneu; well
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 615

illustrated with quality color plates of a broad spectrum of artists from

Cezanne to Giacometti (but mostly Fauves).

Munich 1981
Maler machen Bucher; illustrierte Werke von Manet bis Picasso--
Lithographien, Holzschnitte, Radierungen
Munich: Villa Stuck, July 2-September 27, 1981.
Catalogue by A. Ziersch and Erhart Kastner (Munich: Christophe Diirr
Verlag, 1981) provides a history of the illustrated book and
documentation on those exhibited.

London 1981
Henri Matisse, Drawings. Henri Laurens, Sculpture and Works on
Paper
London: Theo Waddington Galleries, 1981.
Small catalogue.

New York 1981

Henri Matisse, Important Line and Charcoal Drawings from 1905 to
1952.
New York: Wally Findlay Gallery, November 9-December 12, 1981.
Fine catalogue with many of the thirty-three unusual works--originally
from sketchbooks and studies for major paintings--illustrated.

Twentieth Century French Drawings from the Robert Lehman

Collections
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, November 10, 1981-March
14, 1982; traveled to Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Museum of Art, April
23-July 18, 1983.
Catalogue by George Szabo, introduction by Joan Carpenter.

Paddington and Victoria 1981

Matisse, Graphic Work, 1906-1950
Paddington: Stadia Graphics Gallery, March-April, 1981; Victoria:
Tolarno Galleries, May-June, 1981.
Small, well-printed three-fold catalogue with complete check-list
description of each of the thirty works shown.

Paris 1981
616 EXHlliillONS AND CATALOGUES

Matisse: Donation Jean Matisse

Paris: Bibliotheque Nationale, March 18-June 21, 1981. (Includes
twenty-nine drawings.)
Catalogue by Fran<;oise Woimant with M.-C. Miessner; essay,
"Couleurs du blanc, lumiere du noir," by Jean Guichard-Meili, no. 279.
Reviews: Bligne, Y. "Matisse." Peintre 623 (April 15, 1981): 3-4;
"Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris; exposition." Oeil 310 (May 1981): 86;
Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle. "La Donation Jean Matisse." Rev. du
Louvre 30, 3 (1980): 185-89.

Paris-Paris, 1937-1957, creations en France

Paris: Musee Nationale d'Art Moderne, May 28-November 2, 1981.
Handsome catalogue under the direction of Pontus Hulten with many
important essays on the period based on original research; richly
illustrated. See especially Marcel Billot's essay "LePere Couturier et
I' Art Sacre." no. 1080.
Review: Beckett, J. Oxford Art Journal 4, 2 (November 1981): 66-67;
Cunningham, V. Times Literary Supp. (August 7, 1981): 907; Fran<;a,
J. A. Co6quio: Arts 49 (June 1981): 50-5; Metken, G. Weltkunst 51,
10 (May 1981): 1499-1501; Micha, R. Art Int. 25, I (January 1982):
84-5; Morgan, A. New Art Examiner 9, 5 (February 1982): 6-7;
Preston, S. Apollo 114, 234 (August 1981): 121; Saure, W.
Kunstwerk 34, 5 (1981): 72-3; Taylor, J. R. Times (June 9, 1981): 8;
Trilse, C. Bildende Kunst 9 ( 1982): 434-6.

L'Ecole de Paris
Paris: Daniel Manlingue Gallery, Spring 1981.

Regards sur une collection, XIX et XXe siecles

Paris: Galerie Schmidt, May 13-July 18, 1981.
(Three works by Matisse shown.)

Saint-Paul-de-Vence 1981
Sculpture du XXe siecle 1900-1945: tradition et ruptures
Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, July 4-December 23, 1981;
traveled to Madrid: Dundaci6n Juan March.
Substantial, well-illustrated catalogue by Jean-Louis Prat.
Review: Le Targat, F. Connaissance arts 354 (August 1981 ): 48-55.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 617

Tokyo and Kyoto 1981

Matisse I Machisu ten
Tokyo: The National Museum of Modem Art, March 20-May 17,
1981; Kyoto: The National museum of Modern Art, May 26-July 19,
1981.
Handsome, well-illustrated catalogue by Kenji Adashi and Taman Miki;
longer essay by Kazuo Anazawa. In Japanese with added titles and
bibliography in English.

Henri Matisse, dessins

Tokyo: Galerie Tokoro, Aprii6-May 9, 1981.
Catalogue in Japanese and French with preface by Pierre Schneider,
essay by Dominique Fourcade ("Sur un Autoportrait Lumineux," no.
274, previously also in the Dina Vierny Catalogue, Matisse, 33 dessins
de 1905 ii 1950, Paris, 1980).

Toronto 1981
Gauguin to Moore: Primitivism in Modern Sculpture
Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, November 7, 1981-January 3, 1982.
Catalogue by Alan G. Wilkinson on the influence of non-European art
on the sculptural experimentation of modern artists.
Review: Casatel. RACAR, Rev. d'art canadienne, Canadian Art Rev.
9, 1-2 (March 1982): 195; Mato, D. Artmagazine 13, 56 (November
1981-January 1982): 12-20;

Tours 1981
Dessins de Matisse
Tours: Musee des Beaux-Arts de Tours et Musee Rabelais, July 1-31,
1981.
Mimeographed five-page catalogue by Marie-Noi:!lle Pinot de
Villechenon, introduction and check-list of works; drawing of Rabelais
in color on the cover.

Wolfenbtittel 1981
Die Welt in Biichern
Wolfenbiittel: Herzog-August-Bibliothek und Zeughaus, September 28,
1981-March 31, 1982.
Catalogue by Paul Raabe.
618 EXHffiffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Calais, Lille, Arras, etc. 1982-83

a a
De Carpeaux Matisse: Ia sculpture franraise de 1850 1944 dans les
musees et les collections publiques du Nord de Ia France
Calais: Musee des Beaux-Arts et de Ia Dentelle, March 18-June 6, 1982;
Lille: Musee des Beaux-Arts, June 15-August 31, 1982; Arras: Musee
des Beaux-Arts, September 15-November 15, 1982; Boulogne: Musee
des Beaux-Arts et d'Archeologie, December 1982-February 1, 1983;
Paris: Musee Rodin, Feburary-April 1983.
Important fully documented catalogue (Lille: Edition de I'Association
des Conservateurs de Ia Region Nord-Pas-de-Calais) with introduction
by Dominique Vieville; specialized essays by A. Pingeot, C. Martinet,
A. Le Normand-Romain, L.-M. Gohel, and F. Maison.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1982
Henri Matisse, Inauguration of the Musee Matisse et Herbin dans le
Palais Fenelon
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, October 24, 1982.
Reviews: Dauriac, J. P. "Le Cateau-Cambresis, Musee Matisse."
Pantheon 41 (October-December 1983): 391-92; "Matisse en son
musee [Cateau-Cambresis, France], exposition." Connaissance arts
367 (September 1982): 23.

Chicago 1982
Ninety Prints by Henri Matisse: The Legend of Pasiphae
Chicago: Field Enterprises, Inc., November 1-30, 1982; traveled to
other venues.
Catalogue compiled and arranged by Marguerite Duthuit and Gerard
Cramer.

Dijon 1982
La Peinture dans Ia peinture
Dijon: Musee des Beaux-Arts, November 5, 1982-January 3, 1983.

Edinburgh 1982
Henri Matisse
Edinburgh: National Gallery of Scotland, 1982.
Review: McCullough, F. Arts Rev. 34, 13 (June 18, 1982): 328.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 619

Fribourg 1982
Henri Matisse, gravures et lithographies
Fribourg: Musee d'Art et d'Histoire Fribourg, June 10-September 5,
1982.
Important completely illustrated and documented catalogue with texts
by Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold and Roger Marcel Mayou, no. 282. A
dossier of press clippings and reviews of the show is available in the
Cabinet des Estampes of the Bibiotheque Nationale in Paris.
Review: Watkins, Nicholas. Burlington Mag. 125, 969 (December
1983): 771-2.

New York 1982

Matisse, Lithographs, Etchings, Linoleum Cuts
New York: Pace Master Prints, November 5-December 18, 1982.
Small catalogue with all works reproduced; short introduction by
Alexandra Schwartz.

Matisse: Pasiphae - Chant de Minos

New York: Lucien Goldschmidt Inc., February 17-March 16, 1982.

Nice 1982
Dix ans des Musees de Nice; activites et acquisitions, 1972-1982
Nice: Espace ni~ois d'art et de culture et galerie d'art contemporain,
November 27, 1982-January 22, 1983.

Paris 1982
Album Matisse, 33 dessins de 1905 a 1950
Paris: Galerie Dina Vierny, June 9-July 20, 1982.
Handsomely produced catalogue by Mourlot Freres, fully illustrated,
with twenty-one photographs (one in color) by Helene Adant of Matisse
in the studio. A short, but important essay by Dominique Fourcade,
"Sur un autoportrait lumineux," no. 274.

San Francisco 1982

Henri Matisse, An Exhibition of Drawings
San Francisco: John Berggruen Gallery, February 17-March 24, 1982.
(Forty-one drawings.)
Catalogue with essays by John Berggruen, Wayne Thibaud, and Joseph
Goldyne.
620 EXHffimONS AND CATALOOUES

Review: French, P.O. "Representing Matisse." Artweek 13 (March 6,

1982): 16.

Tokyo 1982
Figures revolutionnaires de Cezanne aaujourd'hui
Tokyo: Bridgestone Museum, April 18-May 16, 1982.

Zurich (and Dusseldorf) 1982

Henri Matisse
Zurich: Kunsthalle, October 15, 1982-January 16, 1983; Dusseldorf:
Stadtische Kunsthalle, January 29-April 4, 1983 ..
Catalogue with commentary and excellent color illustrations of the I 08
paintings exhibited, with fourteen sculptures in black and white; essays
by Pierre Schneider, no. 351, Klaus Schrenk, no. 726, Reinhold Hohl,
no. 563, Margrit Hahnloser, no. 547, and Franz Meyer, no. 1381.
Reviews: Baumann, F. Review. Du 10 (1982): 65-66; Fellenberg,
W. Weltkunst 52, 22 (November 1982): 3271-5; Micha, R. "Matisse
a Zurich." Art Int. 26 (April-June 1983): 3-14; Nemeczek, A. "Die
wilden Jahre: Henri Matisse, Rebell und Klassiker." Art: das
Kunstmagazin 10 (October 1982): 20-40; Nicholson, David. "Notes on
Matisse." Artscribe 40 (April 1983): 20-26; Perlman, M. "Matisse en
Suisse," Art News 81 (April 1983): 135+; Schneider, P. "Matisse: ou
Ia grandeur de ce qui lutte." Connaissance arts 370 (December 1982):
100-107; Stutzer, B. Review. Pantheon 41, 1 (January-March 1983):
76-77; Verna, C. Review. Flash Art Ill (March 1983): 67; Verspohl,
F. J. Kunstforum Int. 61 (April 1983): 151-8; Watkins, Nicholas,
Review. Burlington Mag. (December 1983): 771-72; Zellweger, H.
Review. Kunstwerk 36 (February 1983): 30-32.

Nabis und Fauves, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Pastelle aus Schweizer

Privatbesitz
Zurich: Kunsthaus, October 29, 1982-January 16, 1983.
Handsome catalogue with extensive documentation; substantive essay
by Jtirgen Schultze, "Der Zeichnungen der 'Fauves' ,"no. 301, and
introduction and notes by Margit Hahnloser-Ingold. See no. 1188 for a
more complete description.

Amsterdam 1983
100 jaar bekijks: een keuzee uit de affiche-collectie in het Stedelijk
Museum Ansterdam [ 100 Years on View: A Selection from the Poster-
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 621

Collection of the Stedelijk Museum]

Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1983
Catalogue in Dutch and Englishe, with text by Friso Wiegersma.

Bordeaux 1983
Hommage ii Marcelle et Albert Marquet
Bordeaux: Galerie des Beaux-Arts, January-February, 1983.
Catalogue by Pierre Gassier; preface by Gilberte Marin-Mery. Eight
paintings by Matisse are part of the Marquet donation to the museum.

L'Isle-sur-le-Sorgue 1983
Henri Matisse: Pro trait d'Artine et autres dessins
L'Isle-sur-le-Sorgue: Musee-Bibliotheque Rene Char, Hotel de
Campredon, August 3-0ctober 16, 1983.
Sixteen-page catalogue, lovingly assembled and dedicated to the
memory of Marguerite Duthuit-Matisse; essay by Tina Jolas on the
relationship between and the shared projects of Rene Char and Matisse.
Introduction by Antoine Coron on the Artine project.

London 1983
Henri Matisse, 1869-1954; A Selection of Original Lithographs and
Linocuts
London: William Weston Gallery, 1983.

Henri Matisse: Paintings and Drawings

London: Theo Waddington Galleries, January 1983.
Review: Apollo 117,251 (January 1983): 55-7.

Celebration of the Cut-Out

London: Anatol Orient Gallery, November 1983.
Review: Royal, S. "Celebration of the Cut-Out; Anatol Orient
Gallery." Crafts 65 (November-December 1983): 51; Auchincloss, E.
"Cut to the Quick." Connoisseur 213 (November 1983): 18.

Sculpture's Dance
London, Arts Council: Southampton Art Gallery, November 1983;
traveled to other British venues until April, 1984.
Catalogue with commentary by Michael Harrison.
622 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES

Mexico 1983
Obra Grdfica Jazzy Pasiphae [Graphic work from Jazz to Pasiphiie]
Mexico: Arte Contemporeneo Intemacional, March 1983.
Well-illustrated catalogue with color plates on black ground (not true
color brilliance). Texts by Jack Flam ("Maquettes from Jazz,"
previously published in Henri Matisse, the Paper Cut-Outs,
Washington, 1977, nos. 307 and 1018) and William Liebermann
(previously published in Matisse, 50 Years of his Graphic Art, New
York, 1981, no. 243). A short commentary on Pasiphai! by Ana
Zagury.

Minneapolis 1983
Book Illustrations: The Armchair of Henri Matisse
Minnneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, June 17-August 21,
1983.
Single-fold catalogue by Sandra L. Lipschultz; checklist and short
commentary.

Oklahoma City 1983

Impressionism/Post-Impressionism, XIX and XX Century Paintings
from the Robert Lehman Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of
Art
Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Museum of Art, April 23-July 18, 1983.
Catalogue with introduction by J. Carpenter, text by George Szabo.

Paris 1983
Matisse, dessins au pinceau
Paris: Galerie Berggruen, April-May, 1983. (Twenty-nine drawings.)
Elegant, well-illustrated small catalogue with text by Pierre Schneider.
Review: "Matisse au Pinceau." Connaisseur arts 374 (September
1982): 33; Moulin, R. J. "Henri Matisse, dessins." Kunstwerk 36
(September 1983): 141-2; Goya 175-76 (July-October 1983): 64.

Bonjour Monsieur Manet

Paris: Galerie Contemporaine, Musee National d'Art Moderne, June 8-
0ctober 3, 1983.
Fine catalogue for this show (at the time of a large Manet exhibition)
of work by Matisse and Picasso at their most Manet-like and by
contemporary artists . A documentary photo of Matisse's remarks
EXIDBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 623

(L'lntransigeant, 1932) on Manet is reproduced; there is an important

essay by Dominique Fourcade, "Matisse et Manet?", no. 512. Other
essays are by Jean Clay, Marie-Laure Bemadac, and Catherine David.

Raphael et l'artfranrais
Paris: Grand Palais, November 15. 1983-February 15, 1984.
Lavish catalogue with many illustrations and scholarly documentation;
essays by Jacques Thuillier, Martine Vasselin, Jean Pierre Cuzin.
Review: Rosenberg, M. Art Journal 44, 1 (Spring 1984): 70-4.

Amsterdam 1984
LeGrande Parade: Hoogtepunten van de schilderkunst na 1940
[Highlights of Painting after 1940]
Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, December 15, 1984-April 15, 1985.
Lavish catalogue with foreword by Olle Granath; show organized by
Edy de Wilde with Karen Schampers, Alexander van Grevenstein,
Hendrik Driessen.
Review: Morgan, Stuart. "Bread and Circuses." Artforum 23 (March
1985); Sch1umberger, E. "Le droit a toutes 1es libertes." Conaissance
arts 394 (December 1984 ): 54-66.

Atlanta 1984
The Henry P. Mcilhenny collection: Nineteenth Century French and
English Masterpieces
Atlanta: The High Museum of Art, May 25-September 30, 1984.

Basel 1984
Skulptur im 20. Jahrhundert
Basel: Merian-Park, June 3-September 30, 1984.
Substantive catalogue by Theodora Vischer with many short essays
including Franz Meyer's "Henri Matisse." Show organized by Ernst
Beyeler, Reinhold Hoh1, and Martin Schwander, who commissioned
works especially for the show from Beuys, LeWitt, and Serra.
Review: Bischoff, U. Pantheon 42, 4 (October-December 1984): 389-
91.

Edinburgh and London 1984

624 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

The Sculpture of Henri Matisse

Edinburgh: City Art Center, August 3-September 15, 1984; London:
Hayward Gallery, October 4, 1984-January 6, 1985; Leeds: Leeds City
Gallery, February 18-March 24, 1985.
Exhibition organized by Catherine Lampert for the Arts Council of
Great Britain; accompanied by publication of Isabelle Monad-Fontaine's
book, The Sculpture of Matisse, London, 1984, no. 178. Well-
illustrated four-page sheet prepared for the exhibit.
Reviews: [Hayward Gallery, London; exhibit], Art & Artists 217
(October 1984): 31-32; Brown, Jonathan. "The Play of Light [Review
of two sculpture shows and their catalogs]." Times Lit. Supp. (August
31, 1984 ): 971; Haenlein, C. "Skulpturen und Zeichnungen [Hayward
Gallery, London]." Du 12 (1984): 90; Timothy Hyman, "Matisse at
Hayward." Artscribe 50 (January-February 1985): 57-58; Neve, C.
Country Life 176, 4555 (December 1984): 1776; "Matisse, dessins et
sculptures [Hayward Gallery]." Connaissance arts 392 (October 1984):
21; Spalding, F. Arts Rev. 36, 20 (October 26, 1984): 523; Watkins,
N. "Matisse's Sculpture and Drawings [Hayward Gallery]." Burlington
Mag. 126 (December 1984): 200.

Fort Worth 1984

Henri Matisse: Sculptor, Painter: a Formal Analysis of Selected Works
Fort Worth, Texas: Kimball Art Museum, May 26-September 2, 1984.
Superb catalogue by Michael P. Mezzatesta, foreword by P. Pillsbury,
no. 136.

Review: Hilton, Timothy. Times Literary Supp. (November 23,

1984): 1344-1345.

London 1984
Henry Matisse: Fifty Fine Prints: Lithographs, Etchings, Aquatints,
Linocuts, 1903-1950
London: Lumley Cazalet Ltd, October 8-November 9, 1984.
Square-format catalogue of prints, carefully documented, beautifully
reproduced. No text; La Persane (1919) on the cover.
Review: Burns, Guy. Arts Rev. 36, 19 (October 12, 1984): 495-6.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 625

Henri Matisse
London: Waddington Gallery, Fall, 1984.
Review: Burns, Guy. Arts Rev. 36, 19 (October 12, 1984): 495-6.

London and Washington 1984

The Orientalists: Delacroix to Matisse
London: Royal Academy of Arts, March 24-May 27, 1984;
Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art, July !-October 28, 1984.
(Five Matisse canvases shown.)
Lavish, well-documented catalogue (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,
1984) edited by Maryanne Stevens with substantive essays by Stevens,
Robert Irwin, Caroline Bugler, and Malcolm Warner.
Reviews: Baddeley, 0. Oxford Art Journal 7, I (1984): 69-71;
Brookner, A. Times Literary Supp. (April 6, 1984): 375; Hooker, D.
Arts Rev. 36, 7 (April 13, 1984): 1884-5; House, John. Burlington
Mag. 974 (May 1984):307-8; Jamie, R. Artscribe 47 (July-August
1984): 57; Levin, Gail. Arts Mag. 69, 2 (October 1984): 122-5;
Usherwood, N. Country Life 175,4520 (April 5, 1984): 910-11; von
Gehren, G. Weltkunst 54, 9 (May 1, 1984):1240-42; Wood, J.
Pantheon 42, 3 (July-September 1984): 285-7.

London and New York 1984-85

Drawings of Henri Matisse [with The Sculpture of Henri Matisse}
London: Hayward Gallery, October 4, 1984-January 6, 1985; New
York: Museum of Modern Art, February 27-May 14, 1985.
Catalogue, The Drawings of Henri Matisse, edited by Magdalena
Dombrowski, John Elderfield, Catherine Lampert and Nikos Stangos;
with major text by John Elderfield and introduction by John Golding
who selected the works in the exhibit, no. 230. Well-illustrated four-
page hand-out prepared for the exhibition.
Reviews: Bois, Yve-Alain. "Matisse Redrawn." Art in America 73
(September 1985): 126-31; Cohen, R. Print collectors Newletter 16, 3
(July-August 18, 1984): 104-8; Garcia-Herraiz, E. Review. Goya 186
(May-June 1985): 385; Klein, J. Art Journal 45, 4 (Winter 1985): 359-
67; Middleton, J. Royal Society Arts Journal 133, 5346 (May 1985):
428-9; Perl, Jed. "Matisse," New Criterion (June 1985): 19-27;
Spalding, F. Arts Rev. 36, 20 (October 26, 1984): 523; Vann, Philip.
626 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

"The Drawings of Henri Matisse." Contemporary Rev. 245 (December

1984): 322-24; Zellweger, H. Kunstwerk 38 (February 1985): 50.

Los Angeles 1984

Prints and Drawings. In Honor of Ebria Feinblatt, /947-1985
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1984.
Review: Davis, B. "In Honor of Ebria Feinblatt." Bull. Los Angeles
County Museum of Art 28 (1984): 45.

Montreal 1984
Iliazd, maitre d'oeuvre du livre moderne
Montreal: Galerie d'art de l'Universite du Quebec, September 5-28,
1984.

Moscow 1984
Anri Matiss: kniznaja grafika alfisi [Henri Matisse: books, graphics,
posters]
Moscow and Leningrad: Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and Hermitage,
1984.
Catalogue: Avtor-sostavitel: V. Sadkov, Leningrad: Aurora, 1984, a
small 8-page catalogue with extended essay and check list of works;
modest but elegant format.
Review: Sadkov. V. "Knizhnaya Grafika Anri Matissa [The book
illustrations of Henri Matisse]." Tvorchestvo 10 (1985): 31-2.

New York 1984

Prints by Old & Modern Masters: From Diirer to Goya and from
Delacroix to Matisse
New York: Lucien Goldschmidt, Inc., 1984.

'Primitivism' in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the

Modern
New York: Museum of Modem Art, September 27, 1984-January,
1985; Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, February 27-May 19, 1985;
Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, June 23-September 1, 1985.
Handsome, scholarly two-volume catalogue (New York and Boston:
New York Graphic Society, Little, Brown and Co., 1984) edited by
William Rubin. Many fine essays on specific aspects of the topic,
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 627

including Jack Flam's "Matisse and the Fauves," vol. I, 211-40, no.
1222.

Nice 1984
Nouvelle presentation de La collection d'objets personnels de Henri
Matisse
Nice: Musee Matisse, December 1984.
Offset brochure as catalogue.

Paris 1984
Enrichissements recents du Cabinet d'art graphique: "De Bakst a
Matisse"
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, April 18-August 20, 1984.

a
Henri Matisse: oeuvres gravees, reunies par Claude Duthuit !'occasion
de parution du Catalogue Raisonne (829 prints)
Paris: Galerie Maeght Lelong, October 4-November 15, 1984.
Catalogue: Reperes, Cahiers d'Art Contemporain, No. 16; quality
reproductions of twenty-six works, preface by Dominique Fourcade.
Review: "L' Actualite de Matisse." Connaissance arts 393 (November
1984): 106.

Henri Matisse, eaux-fortes et pointes-seches, lithogravures, linogravures

Paris: Gal erie Sagot-Le Garrec, October 4-31, 1984.
Catalogue-invitation with checklist of works.

Southport 1984
Matisse, Illustrations to the Amours of Pierre Ronsard.
Southport, England: Atkinson Art Gallery, June 4-23, 1984; travels to
Jarrow, Halifax, Liverpool, Lancaster, Frome (1984) and Ashington,
Newcastle, Hartlepool, Dewsbury, Barns ley, Coventry (1985).
Review: Art and Artists 213 (June 1984): 29.

Stockholm and Humlebaek 1984

Henri Matisse Exhibition
Stockholm: Moderna Museet, November 3, 1984-January 6, 1985;
Humlebaek: Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, January 19-April14,
1985 (slightly revised).
628 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Catalogue by N. Ohman, with foreword by Olle Granath, essay "Om

Eden" by Ulf Linde, the Teriade interview of 1952 Art News Annual,
21, in Swedish, also Matisse's "Notes of a Painter"; well illustrated in
color and by black and white photos.
Danish catalogue in Louisiana Revy 25, 2 (January 1985), where
whole issue is devoted to the exhibition. Texts by John Russell, Pierre
Schneider, UlfLinde, Dominique Fourcade, Marit Werenskiold,
Gertrude Kobbe Sutton; complete checklist of the works, profusely
illustrated.

Berlin, Erfurt, Prague 1985-86

Aspects du dessin contemporain en France
Berlin-Est: Centre Culture! Fran~ais, November 27-December 23, 1985;
Erfurt: Fischer Museum, January-February 1986; Prague: Centre
Culture! Fran~ais, Spring 1986.

Besan~_;on 1985
Dessins et estampes de Ia collection Georges et Adele Besson
Besan~on: Musee des Beaux-arts et d'archeologie, 1985.

Bologna 1985
Vent'anni d'arte in Francia 1960-1980
Bologna: Galleria Comunale Arte Modema, March-April 1985.
Exhibition of fifty-six artists working in France, organized by Marcel in
Pleynet and with a catalogue (Bologna: Grafis Edizionai, 1985) edited
by Pleynet. Matisse and Picasso are offered as sources for the
subsequent development of painting in France.

Dallas 1985
Classical Myth in Western Art: Ancient through Modern
Dallas: Meadows Museum & Sculpture Court, November 1, 1986-
January 1987; Amarillo: Amarillo Art Center, January 12-March 2,
1987.
Exhibition organized thematically around specific classical myths, with
thirty-six works shown, including one by Matisse; substantial
catalogue essay detailing the rationale for the show by Carl Kilinski, its
curator. Sponsored by the Eugene McDermott Foundation and the
Meadows School of the Arts and the Texas Committee for the
Humanities.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 629

Edinburgh, Nantes, Humlebaek, Brussels 1985-86

Colour since Matisse: French Painting in the 20th Century [Depuis
Matisse ... La couleur: une approche de La peinture franr;aise au XXe
siecle]
Edinburgh: August 10- end September 1985; Nantes: Musee des Beaux-
Arts, October 11-November 25, 1985; Humlebaek: Louisiana Museum
of Modem Art, December 21, 1985-February 6, 1986; Brussels: Palais
des Beaux-Arts, February 22-April 6, 1986.
Handsome, full-color catalogue with introduction by Sarah Wilson,
texts by Yves Miurnier.

Lausanne 1985
De Cezanne aPicasso dans les collections romandes
Lausanne: Fondation de I'Hermitage, June 15-0ctober 20, 1985.
Catalogue by Fran<_<ois Dault; very general treatment of all modern
movements.

London 1985
Paper: exhibition of works by Degas, Renoir, Pissarro, Van Gogh,
Vuillard, Cezanne, Valtat, Redan, Leger, Matisse, Moore, Bannard, and
others.
London: Thomas Gibson Fine Art, June 4-July 12, 1985.
An elegant catalogue with tipped-in plates; two Matisse drawings from
the Nice period in the show.

From Maner to Hackney: Modern Artists' Illustrated Books

London: Victoria and Alberta Museum, March 20-May 19, 1985.
Substantial catalogue by Carol Hogben and Rowan Watson.

Master Prints Old and Modern: An Exhibition of Fine Prints from the
18th to the 20th Century
London: Thomas Agnew & Sons, October 2-31, 1985.
Small catalogue.

Los Angeles 1985

The Spirit of Appreciation: Masterpieces from the Cone Collection of
the Baltimore Museum of Art
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, October 6-
630 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

November 24, 1985; Fort Worth: Kimball Art Museum, December 14,
1985-February 9, 1986.
Review: M. Schipper, "From the Beginnings of Modernism," Artweek
16 (November 9, 1985): 1.

Mulhouse 1985-86
a
Henri Matisse, selection d'ouvrages /'occasion de /'exposition cinq
peintres et quatre ecrivains
Mulhouse: Bibliotheque Municipale, December 15, 1985-February 15,
1986.
Catalogue.

New York 1985

Henri Matisse, Selected Drawings from 1907 to 1952; An Exhibition
Organized with Heinz Berggruen.
New York: Maxwell Davidson Gallery, April16-May 18, 1985.
Small illustrated catalogue.

Drawings from the Collection of Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Victor Thaw,
Part 11.
New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, September 3-November 10,
1985; Richmond: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, February 17-April
13, 1986.
Catalogue with introduction by Eugene Thaw, texts by Cara D.
Denison, William E. Robinson, Julia Herd, and Stephanie Wiles.

Paris 1985
De Co rot aPicasso
Paris: Galerie Schmit, May 10-July 20, 1985.

Matisse, vingt dessins

Paris: FIAC, Grand Palais (Galerie Berggruen), October 5-13, 1985.
Small catalogue by Berggruen et Cie.

Presentation des gouaches de Jazz

Paris: Musee National d'Art Modeme, 1985.

Leron d'anatomie, le nu dans les collections du Cabinet d'Art Graphique

Paris: Musee National d'Art Modeme, October 7-December 1, 1985.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 631

Tanlay 1985
Henri Matisse: 75 dessins; Cinq dessinateurs: les chemins de Ia creation
Tanlay, France: Chateau de Tanlay, and Yonne: Centre d'Art
contemporaine, June 23-September 30, 1985.
Two part show: I) Seventy-five Matisse drawings and books; portrait
photos of Matisse by Cartier-Bresson; II) drawings and prints by
contemporary artists Gerard Berenger, Pierre-Edouard, Pierre Gaste,
Jeorg Ortner, and Philippe Segeral.
Catalogue with preface and essay, "Matisse et le portrait," by Pierre
Schneider, [an excerpt adapted from his 1984 book, Matisse, no. 157];
twenty-five photographs of Matisse by Henri Cartier-Bresson.
Review: "Matisse portraitiste." Connaissance arts 401-402 (July-
August 1985): 92.

Tokyo 1985
Henri Matisse, Drawings, Prints
Tokyo: Fuji Television Gallery, December 6-21, 1985.

Venice and Rome 1985

From Cezanne to Picasso: Forty-two Masterpieces from Soviet
Museums
Venice: Napoleonica and Correr Museum, February 23- April 14, 1985;
Rome: Capitoline Museum, April 23-June 15, 1985.
Catalogue, Da Cezanne a Picasso: 42 capolavori dai musei sovietici,
Milan: EJecta, 1985, edited by Albert Kostenevich who was also curator
of the show.

Washington, D.C. 1985

French Drawings from the Phillips Collection
Washington, D. C.: Phillips Collection, November 23, 1985-January
12, 1986.

Wichita 1985
Prints by Henri Matisse-- The Legend of Pasiphae
Wichita, Kansas: Wichita State University, Fall 1985.
Review: American Artist 49 (November 1985): 14.

Baltimore 1986
632 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES

The Spirited Line, Works on Paper, 1898-1950

Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, September 7-November 2, 1986.
On the occasion of the reopening of the Cone Collection, thirty-nine
drawings, 170 prints, all twelve of the artist's illustrated books.
No catalogue.
Reviews: Gibson, Erik. "The Cones of Baltimore," New Criterion 5
(October 1986): 59-66; Review, Drawing 8 (September-October 1986):
60-61.

Basel 1986
Aus Privaten Sammlungen: Monet, Renoir, Gauguin, Cezanne, Braque,
Picasso, Matisse, Laurens, et al.
Basel: Die Gal erie, February 8-April I 6, 1966.
Catalogue in German and English.

Boston 1986
Boston Collects: Contemporary Painting and Sculpture
Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, October 22, 1986-February I, 1987.
Catalogue by Theodore E. Stebbins and Judith Hoos Fox.

Chicago 1986
Modern Master Drawings: Forty Years of Collecting at the University
of Michigan
Chicago: Arts Club of Chicago, March 31-August, 1986; Grand
Rapids: Grand Rapids Art Museum, September 20-November 2, 1986;
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, February 24-April
5, I 987.
Catalogue by Charles H. Sawyer, with essay on the history of the
collection.

Essen 1986
Aktdarstellungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: Aquarelle, Zeichnungen
und Druckgraphiken aus dem Bestand des Graphisches Kabinetts
Essen: Folkwang Museum, July 13-September 21, 1986.
Catalogue by Hubertus Froning.

Fort Worth 1986

Matisse Prints from the Museum of Modern Art
Fort Worth, Texas: Kimball Art Museum, October 5-November 30,
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 633

1986; Corpus Christi: Art Museum of South Texas, January 3-

February 28, 1987; Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery, March 11-May
10, 1987; Cincinnati: Cincinnati Art Museum, June 3-September 7,
1987: Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, September 26-
November 15, 1987; Iowa City: University of Iowa Museum of Art,
January 2-February 27, 1988.
Well-produced documented catalogue, no. 225, with substantive essays
by Riva Castleman, no. 268, and John Hallmark Neff, no. 294.

Iowa City 1986

The University of Iowa Museum of Art: 101 Master Works
Iowa City, Iowa: The University Museum of Art, April-August, 1986.
Scholarly catalogue by Robert Hobbs.

Leverkusen 1986
Jm Lichte der Agypter {In the Light of the Egyptians]
Leverkusen: Stadtisches Museum, Spring, 1986.
Matisse sculpture shown.
Review: Glozer, L. Wolkenkratzer Art Journal 2 (April-June 1986):
78-81.

Lille 1986
Matisse, peintures et dessins du Musee Pouchkine et du Musee de
l'Ermitage
Lille: Musee des Beaux Arts, October 4, 1986-January 5, 1987.
Valuable catalogue with introduction by Albert G. Kostenevich on the
Shchukin collection; texts by Kostenevich on the development of
Matisse's style, others by E. B. Georgievskaja, A. S. Kantor-
Gukovskaja, and V. A. Misin. Excellent documentation and
reproductions of seldom reproduced works.
Reviews: Fauchereau, Serge. "Henri Matisse dans les collections
russes." Beaux-Arts Mag. 40 (November 1986): 45-51; "Matisse
[Review]." L'Oeil 377 (December 1986): 81; "Matisse venu du froid."
Connaissance arts 416 (October 1986): 34; Oursel, Herve. "Matisse,
peintures et dessins du musee de I'Ermitage et du musee Pouchkine."
Rev. du Louvre 36, 6 ( 1986): 454-55.

London 1986
634 EXHffiffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Recent French Acquisitions

London: National Gallery of Art, 1986.
Review: Levey, M. "French Acquisitions of Recent Years at the
National Gallery," Apollo 123 (June 1986): 385.

In Tandem: The Painter-Sculptor in the Twentieth Century

London: Whitechapel Gallery, March 27-May 25, 1986.
Catalogue with introduction by Nicolas Serota, major essay by L.
Cook, which traces the history of artists working in both media from
the Renaissance. Along with Matisse, work by Degas, Gauguin,
Kirchner, Picasso, and others shown.

Munich 1986
Albertina, Wien: Zeichnungen, 1450- I 950
Munich: Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, 1986.
Catalogue by Walter Koschatzky, featuring one hundred drawings from
the Albertina in Vienna; history of collection is given and types of
drawings detailed.

New York 1986

After Matisse
New York: Queens Museum, March 30-May 25, 1986.
An exhibition organized by the Independent Curators Incorporated;
catalogue by Tiffany Bell, Dore Ashton, and Irving Sandler, no. 1351.
Thirty-seven American artists included with work from 1936 to 1984.

Nice 1986
Matisse et Tahiti
Nice: Galerie des Ponchettes, July 4-September 30, 1986.
Catalogue: Matisse et Tahiti, Cahiers Henri Matisse 1, edited by
Xavier Girard with an important interview with Pierre Schneider, no.
722.

Matisse: photgraphies
Nice: Musee des Beaux-Arts Jules Cheret, July 4-September 30, 1986.
Catalogue: Matisse: photographies, Cahiers Henri Matisse 2, edited by
Xavier Girard with an important essay by Jean-Francois Chevrier, no.
432.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 635

Notice: Girard, Xavier. "Matisse Photographies." Art Press 10 (January

1987): 32-33.

Henri Matisse, !'art du livre

Nice: Musee Matisse, July 4-September 30, 1986; traveled, augmented,
to Lyons, 1986.
Catalogue: Henri Matisse, !'art du livre, Cahiers Henri Matisse 3, no.
235, with introduction by Yu. Roussakov, and two essays--Jerome
Peignot, "Henri Matisse: calligraphe de I' amour," and Christian
Arthaud, "L'Emotion premiere." A complete bibliography and
chronology of illustrated books, albums, books, revues, monographs,
catalogues, posters, and programs with Matisse illustrations or designs.
Handsomely produced in the format of the first four Cahiers Henri
Matisse.

Paris 1986
Extraits de Ia Collection du Reader's Digest
Paris: Musee Marmottan, April8-May 11, 1986.

Matisse
Paris: Galerie Maeght, November 1986. [On the occasion of the
publication of the book, L 'Apparente facilitl . .Henri Matisse,
peintures de 1935 a 1939 by Lydia Delectorskaya, no. 72.]

Saint-Paul-de-Vence 1986
Peintres-illustrateurs du XXe siecle
Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, March 22-May 4, 1986.

Tempe 1986
Matisse and the Printed Page, Ninety Prints by Henri Matisse
Tempe, Arizona: Arizona State University Art Collections, January-
February 1986; Oklahoma City: Oklahoma City Museum of Art,
April 15-May 3, 1986.
Exhibition of linoleum prints made for Pasiphae, only eighteen of
which were used in the published book.
Review: Weiman, L. Southwest Art 15 (February 1986): 82.

Tokyo 1986
636 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES

Matisu-Matisse
Tokyo: Shueisha, Art Gallery 10, 1986. Series: Gendai Sekai no
Bijutsu.
Catalogue by To no Yoshiaki and Ishioka Eiko.

Toulouse 1986
Matisse: Ajaccio-Toulouse: 1898-1899, une saison de peinture
Toulouse: Musee Paul-Dupuy, October 9-December 15, 1986; Nice:
Galerie des Ponchettes: December 19, 1986-January 30, 1987.
Catalogue: Matisse: Ajaccio-Toulouse: 1898-1899, Cahiers Henri
Matisse. 4 with texts by Pierre Schneider, no. 721, Xavier Girard, no.
530, and Alain Mousseigne, no. 625.
Review: Gouttenoire, B. "Henri Matisse." L'Oeil 377 (December
1986): 80.

Warsaw 1986-87
Paris en quatre temps
Varsovie: Galerie Zacheta, October 12, 1986-February 12, 1987.

Washington, Los Angeles, New York 1986

Impressionist to Early Modern Painting from the USSR
Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art, May 1-June 15; Los
Angeles County Museum of Art, July-August 12; New York:
Metropolitan Museum of Art, August 23-0ctober 5, 1986
Excellent catalogue by Albert Kostenevich and Marina Besanova (Los
Angeles: Armand Hammer Foundation, 1986).
Review: Renshaw, Janet. "A Russian Revelation." Art and Artists 239
(August 1986): 19-22; Schipper, Merle. "A Time of Greatness."
Artweek 17 (July 26, 1986): 5.

Washington 1986-87
Henri Matisse, The Early Years in Nice 1916-1930
Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, November 2, 1986-March
29, 1987.
Important catalogue, no. 69, with essays by Jack Cowart, Dominique
Fourcade and Margrit Hahnloser-Ingold, nos. 450, 513, and 548. See
no. 69 for an extended description of the catalogue.
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 637

Reviews: Gibson, Eric. "American Round-up." Studio Int. 200, 1016

(May 1987): 32-34; idem, "The New Matisse: Explorations of Interior
Space." ibid., 1017 (August 1987): 48-49; Gi1ot, F. "Henri Matisse at
Peace." Arts and Artists (October 1988): 92-96; Hobhouse, Janet.
"Odalisques: What Did These Sensuous Images Really Mean to
Matisse?" Connoisseur 217 (January 1987): 60-67; Kramer, Hilton.
"Matisse Triumphant: Who Was the Greatest Painter of the Twentieth
Century?" Art and Antiques (February 1987): 91 +; Neff, John.
Review. "The Exhibition in an Age of Mechanical Reproduction."
Artforum 25, 5 (January 1987): 86-90; Masheck, Joseph. "On Art:
Matisse in Nice." New Leader 7011 (January 12-26, 1987): 23-4; Perl,
Jed. "Matisse: into the Twenties." New Criterion 5 (February 1987): 6-
13; Schiff, B. Smithsonian 17, 8 (1986): 80-86; Silver, Kenneth.
"Matisse's Retour a I'Ordre." Art in America 75, 6 (June 1987): 110-
23, 167-69; Watkins, Nicholas. Review. Burlington Mag. 129, 1009
(April 1987): 273-74.

Gifts to the Nation: Selected Acquisitions from the Collections of Mr.

and Mrs. Paul Mellon
Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, July 20-0ctober 19, 1986.

Buffalo 1987
Modern Masters from the Permanent Collection
Buffalo: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, January 16-March 15, 1987.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1987
Henri Matisse, Pasiphae-Chant de Minos
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, June 27-0ctober 4, 1987.
Elegant catalogue with brief introductions by Dominique Szymusiak
and Jean Guichard-Meili.

Dallas 1987
A Century of Modern Sculpture, The Patsy and Raymond Nasher
Collection
Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1987; travels to Florence: Forte di
Belvere; Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art.
Handsome catalogue with major essay by Stephen Nash, no. 207; also
published in Italian, no. 1319.
638 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Flaine 1987
Arbres
Flaine: Centre d'Art, February 6-April 16, 1987.

Jerusalem 1987
Peintre dans Ia lumiere de Ia Mediterranee
Jerusalem: Israel Museum, July 16-September 1987; Marseille: Musee
Cantini, October-November 1987.
Substantial catalogue by Yona Fischer, Elisabeth Merian, and Jean
Lacambre; in French and Hebrew.

Liege 1987
Henri Matisse: !'oeuvre grave
Liege: Musee d'Art Modeme, November 20, 1987-January 3, 1988.
Very handsome catalogue by Fran~oise Dumont, with introductory
essay by Jean Guichard-Meili.

Los Angeles 1987

Degas to Picasso: Modern Masters from the Smooke Collection
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, April 16-June 28,
1987.
Catalogue by Carol S. Elie on the Nathan and Marion Smooke
collection which is strong in works by Degas, Matisse, and Picasso.

Lugano 1987
Impressionisten und Post-Impressionisten aus sowjetischen Museen II
Lugano: Villa Favorita, August 9-November 15, 1987.
Excellent catalogue (Milan: EJecta, 1987; English and Italian eds.) with
texts by Albert Kostenevich, Marina Besanova, and E. Georgievskaya.

Lyon 1987
Henri Matisse, /'art du livre; Matisse dans les collections du Musee de
Beaux-Arts de Lyon
Lyon: Musee des Beaux-Arts, Palais Saint-Pierre, April 9-June 4,
1987; Nancy: Musee des Beaux-Arts, May 3-June 30, 1986.
Matisse: L'Art du livre by Christian Arthaud and Dominique
Brachlianoff; Milan: Mondadori, 1987, published on the occasion of
this exhibit as catalogue. Brachlianoffs essay focuses on the portrait of
the antique dealer Georges Demotte, painted in 1918, no. 914.
EXlllBillONS AND CATALOOUES 639

Reviews: Gouttenoire, Bernard, "Matisse et le livre.' L'Oeil 382 (May

1987): 85.

New York 1987

/liazd and the Illustrated Book
New York: Musuem of Modern Art, June 18-August 18, 1987.

Paris 1987
Henri Matisse, dessins et gravures (Matisse: Le rythme et La ligne)
Paris: Ecole Nationale superieure des beaux-arts, February 25-May 10,
1987.
Small fold-out catalogue-guide to the exhibition; the latter was the
occasion for the commemorative volume, Le rythme et La ligne, by
Jacqueline and Maurice Guillaud, no. 109, a luxury volume that also
served as a kind of catalogue.

Review: Watkins, Nicholas. "Matisse," Burlington Mag. 129 (June

1987): 417-18. A review of the book (catalogue) as well as the
exhibition.

Maftres impressionnistes et modernes

Paris: Galerie Daniel Malingue, November IS-December 19, 1987.
Small catalogue with each work's provenance.

Stuttgart 1987
Henri Matisse, "Der Rucken"
Stuttgart: Neuerwerbung desr Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, 1987.
Small catalogue with text by Ina Conzen-Meairs.

Tokyo 1987
Les Chefs-d'oeuvre du Musee Matisse et les Matisses de Matisse
Tokyo: Isetan Museum of Art, Shinjuku, October 22-November 17,
1987; Yamaguchi: Prefectoral Museum of Art of Yamaguchi,
November 20-December 27, 1987; Osaka: Daimaru Museum of Art,
Shinsaibashi, January 3-February 18, 1988; Yokohama: Sogo
Museum of Art, February 10-March 27, 1988.
Excellent catalogue (Tokyo: Art Life, 1987) edited by Norio Shimada,
in French and Japanese; commentaries on the works by Xavier Girard
640 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

and Nicholas Watkins. Illustrations in color of works in Japanese

collections less often seen in the West.

Venice 1987
Henri Matisse: Matisse et l'ltalie
Venice: Napoleonica and Museo Correr, place Saint-Marc, May 30-
0ctober 18, 1987.
Catalogue with illustrations of all the works and full entries (exhibition
history, bibliography) by Tamara Preaud. Also four essays--by Pierre
Schneider (curator), no. 723, Attilio Codognato, no. 437, Xavier Girard
and Christian Arthaud, no. 532, and Giandomenico Romanelli , no.
704--that explore the role of Italy and Italian art on Matisse's work.
Review: Di Piero, W. S. "Matisse's Broken Circle." New Criterion
(May 1988): 25-35; Meyer, Laure. L'Oeil 386 (Summer 1987): 80;
Minola de Galliotti, M. Goya 202 (January-February, 1988): 238.

Yamanashi, Shirakaba, Kiyoharu 1987

Verve, hommage a Teriade
Yamanashi: Shirakaba, Kiyoharu, December 15, 1987-February 15,
1988; Yamaguchi: Municipal Museum, March 8-April3, 1988;
Yokohama: Takshimaya Art Museum, April 21-May 3, 1988.

Andros 1988
Henri Matisse
Andros, Greece: Musee de l'art modeme (Foundation Basil and Elise
Goulandris), July 3-September 30, 1988.
Handsome catalogue by Kyriakos Koutsomallis in Greek and French.

Barcelona and Madrid 1988

Henri Matisse: Pinturas y dibujos de los Museos Pushkin de Moscu y
el Ermitage de Leningrads
Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, Centro de Arte Reine Sofia; Barcelona:
Ajuntament de Barcelona, Museu Picasso, 1988.
Review: Socias Palau, J. Goya 207 (November-December 1988): 173-
74.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1988
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 641

Henri Matisse, autoportraits

Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, June 4-September 11, 1988.
Well-illustrated substantive catalogue with many seldom-seen drawings
not in public collections. Substantive essay by John Klein on
Matisse's self-portraits, "Matisse et l'autoportrait: Demarche
individuelle et relation avec le public," no. 584.

Geneva 1988
Collection Heinz Berggruen
Geneva: Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, June 16-0ctober 30, 1988.
Catalogue with texts by Gary Tinterow, "Heinz Berggruen
Collectioneur," and John Rewald, "Les Cezanne de Ia Collection
Berggruen;" full documentation and reproduction of all the works
exhibited. Excellent chronology and bibliography of the gallery.

Jerusalem 1988
Monet to Matisse: Modern Masters from Private Swiss Collections
Jerusalem: Israel Museum, October 1988-January 1989.
Catalogue in English and Hebrew, edited by Stephanie Rachum.

Kaiserslautern and Regensburg 1988

Matisse und seine deutschen Schiller
Kaiserlautern: Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern, May 28-July 17, 1988;
Regensburg: Ostdeutsche Galerie, July 28-September 18, 1988.
Extensive, well-documented catalogue edited by Gisela Fiedler-Bender,
Heinz HOfchen, and Wolfgang Stolte. The German students of Matisse
are: Friedrich Ahlers-Hestermann, Otto Richard-Langer, Rudolph Levy,
Marg and Oskar Moll, Franz Ni::ilken, Hans Purrmann, Walter A.
Rosam, and William Straube.
Review: Bauermeister, V. "Matisse und seine deutschen Schiller."
Kunstwerk 41 (August 1988): 94-95; Meyer-Ti::innesmannm, Carsten.
"Drei Matisse-Schiller aus Hamburg." Weltkunst 58, 18 (September
15, 1988): 2604-06.

Liege 1988
Chefs d'oeuvre des Musees de Liege aLausanne
Liege: Musee de !'art Wallon; Lausanne: Fondation de !'Hermitage,
November 24-March 12, 1989.
642 EXHlliillONS AND CATALCXJUES

Works from the Musee d'art modeme, Paris, and the Musee de I' art
Wallon in Liege, Belgium.
Review: Daulte, F. Review. L'Oeil 400 (November 1988): 58-65.

London 1988
Henri Matisse, Etchings, Lithographs, Linocuts, Aquatints and
Illustrated Books
London: Waddington Galleries, September 28-0ctober 22, 1988.

Henri Matisse: Sculpture, Dawings and Prints, 1904-1952

London: Lumley Cazalet, June 22-July 29, 1988.
Square-format catalogue with Matisse's Dance I reproduced on the
cover; four sculptures, nine drawings, thiry-seven prints all in superb
quality reproduction, fully documented.
Review: Burns, Guy. Arts Rev. 40, I (July I, 1988): 446.

Lucerne 1988
Von Matisse bis Picasso: Hommage an Siegfried Rosengart
Lucerne: Kunstmuseum Luzern, June 19-September II, 1988.
Important catalogue with substantive essays and many illlustrations;
see no. 1325 for a detailed description.
Review: Von Kageneck, C. "Von Matisse bis Picasso." Kunstwerk
41 (February 1989): 72-73.

Nantes, Nimes, Saint-Etienne 1988-89

Henri Matisse, dessins: Collection du Musee Matisse
Nantes: Musee des Beaux-arts, December 22, 1988-January 22, 1989;
Nlmes: Musee des Beaux-arts, February 15-March 27, 1989; Saint-
Etienne: Musee d'Art Moderne, Summer 1989.
Important catalogue by Xavier Girard, Genevieve Monnier, and
Christian Arthaud, published as Cahier Henri Matisse 6 (Paris:
Maeght, 1988), no. 236. A small paper-cover catalogue was also
produced as a bulletin (#10) from the Musee des Beaux-arts at Nimes.
Review: "Matisse en Voyage." Connaissance arts 443 (January 1989):
123.

New York 1988

EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 643

Prints of Henri Matisse

New York: Museum of Modern Art, Paul J. Sachs Gallery, August 6-
November 6, 1988.
Small catalogue by Riva Castleman and Diane Upright.

Paris 1988
a
Le Peintre et l'affiche de Lautrec Warhol
Paris: Musee de I' affiche et de Ia publicite, March-April 1988; traveled
to five other venues in Europe.
Catalogue in French and English (Paris: Spadem-Adagp, 1988).

Les Annees 50
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, June 29-0ctober 17, 1988.
Lavish, superbly documented catalogue.

Maftres impressionistes et modernes

Paris: Gal erie Daniel Malingue, November 10-December 24. 1988.
Catalogue.

San Francisco 1988

Decorative. ..
San Francisco: Iannetti-Lanzone Gallery, May 1987.
Review: Gregor, K. "The Decorative at Issue," Artweek 19 (June 4,
1988): I.

Sydney 1988
Biennnale de Sydney
Sidney: Art Gallery of New South Wales, May 17-July 3, 1988;
Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, August 4-September 25,
1988.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1989
Matisse, fleurs, feuillages, des sins
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, July 8-September 30, 1989.
Catalogue with fine introduction by Isabelle Monod-Fontaine;
beautifully produced with photos by Helene Adant given to the museum
by Lydia Delectorskaya.
644 EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES

Reviews: Thomas, G. "Dessins de fleurs: Musee Matisse." Oeil 408-

9 (August 1989): 88.

Cluny 1989
Matisse et !'heritage antique
Cluny: Ecuries de Saint-Hugues, June 17-September 10, 1989.
Fold-out catalogue, carefully prepared by Brigitte Maurice, conservator
of the museum.

Hamburg 1989
Das Cafe du Dome und die Academie Matisse
Hamburg: Galereen Herold und Levy, January 1989.
Exhibition of some nine artists influenced by Matisse. The book of the
same name by Thomas Levy and Carl-Jtirgen Thomfor is detailed in no.
1385.

Hanover 1989
Das Buch des Kiinstlers: die schOnsten Malerbiicher aus der Sammlung
der Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbiittel
Hanover: Kestner-Gesellschaft, April 18-July 16, 1989.
Fine catalogue by Harriet Watts.

L'lsle sur Ia Sorgue 1989

Henri Matisse dessins! Cornelius Zitman, sculptures et dessins
L'Isle de Ia Sorgue: Musee Campredon, May 1989.
Small catalogue (Bern: Bentelli, 1989) with introduction by Pierre
Schneider for an exhibition of drawings from the Dina Vierny
collection; drawings from 1922-1947 handsomely reproduced.

London 1989
Henri Matisse, Edgar Degas
London: Waddington Galleries, June 21-July 15, 1989.
Catalogue of thirty-one portrait and figure studies by Matisse and ten
sculptures in bronze by Degas; no text.

Important Works on Paper

London: Lefevre Gallery, June 26-July 28, 1989.
Catalogue, works mainly nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES 645

~arcq-en-Baroeul 1989-1990
Gustave Moreau et ses eleves: Rouault, Matisse, Marquet, Manguin, et
al
Marcq-en-Baroeul: Fondation Septentrion, October 22, 1989-January
28, 1990.
Slender, paperbound catalogue with major text by Genevieve Lacambre;
preface by Dominique Paulette. Exhibition organized thematically;
some valuable data gathered in the catalogue.

~unich 1989
Von Courbet bis Picasso: Schiitze des Museums Sao Paulo
Munich: Villa Stiick, March 15-May 28, 1989.
Substantial documented catalogue by Ettore Camesasca and Manfred
Fath (Milan: Mazzotta, 1989).

New York 1989

Matisse, Drawings from 1915-1951
New York: Helen Serger/ La Boetie, Inc., October 26-December 16,
1989.
Well-documented and illustrated small catalogue with essay by Michael
O'Brien; dedication to Pierre Matisse, recently deceased. Reproduction
of unusual pencil portrait of Pierre Matisse by his father.
Review: Perl, Jed. New Criterion 8 (March 1989): 60-61.

Twentieth Century Modem Masters: The Jacques and Natasha Gelman

Collection
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, December 12, 1989-April I,
1990.
Handsome catalogue edited by William Lieberman, no. 1294, with
important essay by Pierre Schneider on Matisse's fauve Sailor 11 of
1906, no. 935.

Paris 1989
Oeuvres de Matisse
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, May 24-August 27, 1989.
Exhibition on the occasion of the publication of Isablelle Monad-
Fontaine's revised and enlarged catalogue of the museum's collection of
Matisse, Matisse: Oeuvres de Henri Matisse du Musee national d'art
moderne, no. 140.
646 EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOOUES

Reviews: Monnier, G. "La Joie et Ia science: Matisse et les arts

graphiques." Connaissance arts 449-450 (July-August I989): 80-87;
"Ligne complete." Connaissance arts 448 (June 1989): 9.

Philadelphia 1989
Masterpieces of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: The
Annenberg Collection
Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, May 2I-June I989;
Washington, D. C.: National Gallery of Art, Summer I 990; Los
Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, August I6-November
4, I990.
Well-produced catalogue with texts by Colin B. Bailey, Joseph J.
Rishel, and Mark Rosenthal.

Rome 1989
Magnificat: La Grande arte e il religioso oggi: Omaggio a Paulo VI
Rome: Chiatro Nord della Basilica di Sant'Eustorgio, December 2,
1989-February I 990.
Works from the Vatican collection; catalogue by curator Giorgio
Mascherpa, texts by Paul VI and, on contemporary art, by Mascherpa.

Saint-Paul-de- Vence 1989

L'Oeuvre ultime, de Cezanne aDubuffet
Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, July 4-0ctober 4, I 989.
Catalogue with preface by Jean-Louis Prat.

San Francisco 1989

Matisse: Works from Bay Area Collectors
San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 1989.
Small four-fold single-sheet brochure with color illustrations of four
paintings, three black and whites of drawing and sculpture; John Lane
introduction with historical commentary on works in the show.

Valence 1989
Henri Matisse, !'art du livre
Valence: Centre de Recherche et d'action culturelle, November I2,
1989-January 23, I990.
Catalogue originally used in Nice in 1986 (Cahiers Henri Matisse 3),
no. 235, used for this show.
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 647

Bern 1990-91
Henri Matisse 1869-1954: Skulpturen und Druckgraphik-Sculptures et
Gravures
Bern: Kunstmuseum Berne, November 30, 1990-February 10, 1991.
Catalogue essays by Xavier Girard, "La sculpture de Henri Matisse:
echanges et transpositions," and by Sandor Kuthy, "Le Gravure de Henri
Matisse: Ia traduction directe et Ia plus pure de son emotion." Works are
richly illustrated and described but without other documentation. Texts
in French and German.

Le Cateau-Cambrt!sis 1990
Matisse: Les Platres originaux des bas reliefs Dos I, J/, J/1, IV
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, July 1990.
Important catalogue by Dominique Szymusiak and Isabelle Monod-
Fontaine; the original plaster versions of the four Backs, recently given
to the Museum, beautifully reproduced. See no. 987 for fuller
description of catalogue.

Colmar 1990
Collages: collections de musees de provinces
Colmar: Musee d'Unterlinden, June 30-September, 1990; Villeneuve
d' Ascq: Musee d'art modeme du nord, September 1990-April 1991.
A fine catalogue with a number of essays: Germain Viatte on "Notre
avenir est dans I' air," Irene Elbaz on "Les Premiers collages, les
premiers papiers colles," Sylvie Lecoq-Raymond on "Le Collage
dadalste ou Ia peinture contestee," Marc Borman on "Aspects du collage
dans les annees soixante," and Joelle Pijaudier on "Annees 80."

Libourne 1990
La Tapisserie et les maftres de !'art au XXe siecle
Liboume: Musee des Beaux-arts et d'archeologie, August 4-0ctober 19,
1990.
Matisse's Le Ciel the only one of his works exhibited.

London 1990
Henri Matisse, The Lithographs, 1913-1930
London: Waddir.gton Galleries, 1990.
Very beautifully produced catalogue with excellent reproductions of all
thirty-one documented works; no text.
648 EXHIBmONS AND CATALOGUES

On Classic Ground: Picasso, Leger, De Chirico, and the New

Classicism 1910-1930
London: Tate Gallery, June 6-September 2, 1990.
Important, well-documented catalogue edited by Elizabeth Cowling and
Jennifer Mundy; a major publication on the theme of the "return to
classicism" during these decades.
Review: Snell, Robert. "A Dialogue with Tradition (Early Modernist
Art, Tate Gallery)." Times Lit. Supp. 4551 (June 22, 1990): 669.

Los Angeles, New York, and London 1990-91

The Fauve Landscape
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, October 4-
December 30, 1990; New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art,
February 19-May 5, 1991; London: Royal Academy of Arts, June 10-
September 1, 1991.
Sumptuous, well-documented catalogue by Judi Freeman with
contributions by Roger Benjamin, no. 1200, John Klein, James D.
Herbert, no. 1236, and Alvin Martin. See no. 1179 for a complete
description of the catalogue.
Reviews: Dudar, Helen. "In Turn-of-the-Century Paris, An Explosion
of Brash New Art." Smithsonian (1990); Flam, Jack D. "Taming the
Beasts." New York Rev. Books (April 25, 1991): 40-42; Julius,
Muriel. "Fauvism and the Supremacy of Color [London venue]."
Contemporary Rev. 259 (August 1991): 93-97; Kramer, Hilton.
"Fauvism sans Matisse." Modern Painters 4, 2 (Summer 1991): 18-21;
Philips, J. "The Fauve Landscape (Metropolitan Museum of Art; Travel
Exhibition)." American Artist 55 (October 1991 ); Pissarro, J. "The
Fauve Landscape, Metropolitan Museum of Art [Traveling Exhibit]."
Burlington Mag. 133 (February 1991 ): 144-46; Thomson, Richard.
"Young Man's Painting." Times Lit. Supp. (June 28, 1991): 16;
"Biggest Matisse Ever [Museum of Modern Art, New York, Exhibit]."
Connoisseur 221 (February 1991 ): 33.

New York 1990

Matisse Drawings
New York: La Boetie, February 1990.
Review: Perl, Jed. Review. New Criterion 8 (March 1990): 60-61.
EXHIBITlONS AND CATALOOUES 649

Gifts of Associates: 1975-1990

New York: Museum of Modern Art, November 27, 1990-February 19,
1991.
Catalogue with text by Riva Castleman; gifts are all prints.

Paris 1990
De Manet ii Matisse: sept ans d'enrichissements au Musee d'Orsay
Paris: Musee d'Orsay, December 1990.
Review: Bouyeure, C. "De Manet a Matisse: sept ans
d'enrichissements au Musee d'Orsay." Oeil 425 (December 1990): 72-
79.

Tokyo 1990
Maste!Works: Paintings from the Bridgestone Museum of Art
Tokyo: Bridgestone Museum of Art, 1990.
Catalogue with text by Yasuo Kamon.

Vence 1990
Henri Matisse: hommage de Ia ville de Vence
Vence: Centre Culture! de Vence (henceforth the Centre Culture! Henri
Matisse), July 6-28, 1990. (One tapestry, five engravings, eleven
books, six posters, twenty photos.)
Small handsome catalogue of photographs of the artist at Vence, the
Chapel of the Rosary, and drawings made in Vence, with prefaces by
Christian Iacono (Mayor ofVence) and Zia Mirabdolbaghi (Director of
Cultural Affairs); major text by Xavier Girard. Matisse's Le Ciel
lithographed on cover.

Washington 1990
Matisse in Morocco, The Paintings and Drawings, 1912-1913
Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, March 18-June 3, 1990;
New York: The Museum of Modern Art, June 20-September 4, 1990;
Moscow: State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, September 28-
November 20, 1990; St. Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum,
December 15, 1990-February 5, 1991.
Catalogue, no. 70, with important essays by Pierre Schneider, no.
724, Jack Cowart, no. l 031, John Elderfield, no. 488, Albert
Kostenevich, no. 1335; complete scholarly catalogue entries (paintings)
and documentation by Laura Coyle and Beatrice Kernan. (Washington
650 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUES

and New York: National Gallery of Art and Abrams, 1990. Trans by
Anne Michel, except for essays by Pierre Schneider and John Elderfield.
French ed: Matisse au Maroc, Peintures et Dessins, 1912-13, Paris:
Adam Biro, 1990), no. 70. A slim paper-bound catalogue with text in
Russian also appeared in 1990; good color reproductions.
Reviews: "Aux Couleurs de Tanger [National Gallery of Art, traveling
exhibit]." Connaissance arts 457 (March 1990): 21; Benjamin, Roger.
"Matisse in Morocco: a Colonizing Esthetic?" Art in America 78
(November 1990): 156-65+; Bernier, Rosamond. "Travels with
Matisse." House and Garden (March 1990): 162-67+; Bryson,
Norman. Times Literary Supp. 4554 (July 13-19, 1990): 749; Handler,
Ruth. "Visionen vom iridischen gliick." Art: das Kunstmagazin 7
(1990): 82-9; Hughes, Robert. "A Domain of Light and Color:
Morocco's Impact on Matisse Is Traced in a Radiant Show." Time
136, 1 (July 2, 1990): 53-54; "Matisse in Morocco: the Paintings and
Drawings 1912-1913." Drawing 11 (March-April 1990): 131-32;
Meyer, L. "Matisse au Maroc [Museum of Modern Art]." Oeil 420
(July-August 1990): 113; Perl, Jed, and Andre L. Talley. "Matisse's
Eastern Eden." Vogue 180, 3 (March 1990): 430-45; Plagens, Peter.
"Bright Light of Tangiers." Newsweek 115, 13 (March 26, 1990): 50-
51; Watson, Nicolas. Burlington Mag. 133, 1054 (June 1991): 43-43;
Wilkin, K. "Matisse in Morocco." New Criterion 8 (June 1990): 30-
36.

Boston 1991
Matisse, Picasso, and Impressionist Masters from the Cone Collection
Boston: Boston Museum of Fine Arts, October 2, 1991-January 19,
1992.

Canberra 1991
Manet to Matisse, French Illustrated Book
Canberra, Australia: Australia National Gallery, 1991.
Catalogue by Christine Dixon and Cathy Leaky.

Dijon 1991
Les Chefs-d'oeuvre du Musee Matisse de Nice
Dijon: Musee des Beaux-Arts, July 6-0ctober 6, 1991.
Catalogue by Xavier Girard (Cahiers Henri Matisse 7), handsomely
illustrating a rich selection of oils, bronzes, drawings, prints, as well as
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOOUES 651

other books and objects from the collection, especially its wealth of
material related to the Chapel at Vence. The extended essays by Girard
interpret the works in broad thematic and stylistic contexts; the works
are fully documented in provenance, exhibition history, and
bibliography, no. 96.

Jerusalem 1991
Matisse at the Ballet: Le Chant du Rossignol
Jerusalem: Israel Museum, Fall 1991.
Small but well-illustrated and informative catalogue by curator,
Vivienne Barsky, in English and Hebrew; the definitive work on this
ballet, no. 1055.

Nagoya 1991
Henri Matisse Retrospective [Machisu ten]
Nagoya: Nagoya City Art Museum, the Chunichi Shimbum, August
24-September 29, 1991; Hiroshima: Hiroshima Musuem of Art,
October 5-November 4, 1991; Kasama: Nishido Museum, November 9-
December 8, 1991.
Handsome catalogue with colored plates of an exhibition drawn from
the Hermitage Museum (twenty-five selected oils and fourteen drawings)
and from American, European, and Japanese collections (seventy-two
other works.) Essays in English and Japanese include: "Henri Matisse
and the Russian Collectors," by Albert Kostenevich, "Matisse in
Russia in the Autumn of 1911," Y. A. Russakov, and "Matisse, 1908,
The Red Room [Harmony in Red], " by the curator and editor of the
catalogue, Katsunori Fukaya.
Review: Oeil 438 (January-February 1992): 89.

Saarbriicken 1991
Henri Matisse: Zeichnungen und Skulpturen
Saarbriicken: Saarland Museum, May 12- July 7, 1991. (Forty-nine
bronzes, 180 drawings, 142 lithographs, etchings, and aquatints, fifteen
book and multiple contributions to the editions, serigraphs, tapestries,
ceramics, and maquettes for the chapel at Vence.)
Handsome, carefully-produced catalogue, edited and with a sensitive
general introduction by Ernst-Gerhard Giise, good quality reproductions
of all works exhibited, and commentaries on about one-third of the
drawings (thirty-five out of ninety-seven) by Xavier Girard, Christian
652 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOOUF.S

Arthaud, and Ernst-Gerhard Gtise, and over half of the sculptures

(twenty-three out of forty-one) by Ernst W. Uthemann; each work
given scholarly historical and bibliographic documentation. Drawings
from the Musee Matisse in Nice have notes reproduced from Henri
Matisse, Dessins, Collection du Musee (Cahiers Henri Matisse 6 ),
1988, no. 236. Abridged English edition, Matisse, Drawing and
Sculpture, Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1991, trans. by John Ormrod with
Ian Taylor, no. 237.

Basel 1992
transFORM: PictureObjectSculpture in the 20th century
Basel: Kunstmuseum and Kunsthalle, June 14-September 17, 1992.
(Matisse's Blue Nude, the Frog was shown.)
Review: Flash Art 165 (Summer 1992): 69.

Le Cateau-Cambresis, Cambrai, Tourcoing, etc. 1992

De Matisse aaujourd'hui, La sculpture du XXe siecle dans les Musees et
du Fonds Regional d'art contemporain du Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse et Cambrai: Musee des Beaux-
Arts, February 15-April 26, 1992; Tourcoing: Musee des Beaux Arts,
May 8-June 28, 1992; Calais: Musee des Beaux-Arts et Dunkerque:
Musee d'Art Contemporain et Musee des Beaux-Arts, July IO-
September 14, 1992; Arras: Musee des Beaux-Arts, late September-
through October, 1992.
Exhibition in several parts: "Du Renouvellement a Ia continuite de Ia
tradition, 1900-1920," "Sculpture comme attitude," and "Sculpture
anglais." Well-illustrated and documented catalogue by Jean Etienne
Grislain with texts by Patrick Le Nouene and an important essay by
Roger Benjamin, "L'Arabesque dans la modernite, Henri Matisse
sculpteur," no. 183, with a list of all sculptures by Matisse exhibited in
Paris and principal foreign exhibitions from 1904-1913.
Review: Nouene, P. "De Matisse a aujourd'hui, Ia sculpture du XXe
siecle dans les Musees et le Fonds Regional d'art contemporain du
Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Rev. du Louvre 42 (April 1992): 127-8;
Connaissance arts 481 (March 1992): 20.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1992
EXHIBillONS AND CATALOGUES 653

Matisse et Baudelaire
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, June 27 -September 1992.
Handsome catalogue edited by Dominique Szymusiak.
Review: Giovannoni, L. "Matisse et Baudelaire." Rev. du Louvre 42
(June 1992): 97-98.

Grasse 1992
Matisse, comme dans les dahlias
Grasse: Villa Fragonard, July 27-September 30, 1992.
Catalogue is Cahiers Henri Matisse 9 in the beautifully produced series
published by Xavier Girard of the Musee Matisse. Curator of this
exhibit which features works that contain flowers, Girard is the author
of two short essays in the catalogue, "Com me dans les dahlias, II" and
"Le mystere de Ia chambre claire." The third brief essay is "Trouver Ia
joie dans les arbres," by Christian Arthaud.

London 1992-94
Matisse, the Inuit Face [Matisse, Visage inuit]
London: Canada House, October 16, 1992-February 26, 1993;
Washington, D. C.: Canadian Embassy, March 21-June 11, 1993;
Calgary: Glenbow Museum, June 26-August 14, 1993; Musee de
Quebec, November 10, 1993-January 9, 1994; Art Gallery of Nova
Scotia, January 22-April 3, 1994; Winnipeg Art Gallery, April 24-June
19, 1994.
An exhibition of all known drawings and prints--charcoal, pencil,
aquatint, lithographs--made by Matisse from a collection of Inuit masks
belonging to Georges Duthuit. From the Matisse Archives and the
collection of Jean-Paul Riopelle, the works are reproduced in a fine
catalogue with foreword by Michael Regan, curator of the show,
assisted by Patricia Anderson; short text by Claude Duthuit, and a
splendid essay, "Surrealism, Structuralism and the French Collecting of
American Ethnography" by J. C. H. King, Museum of Mankind.

Martigny 1992
De Goya aMatisse, estampes de la collection Jacques Doucet
Martigny: Donation Pierre Gianadda, March 14-June 8, 1992.
A handsome and well-documented catalogue.
Review: Domus 739 (June 1992): xvi.
654 EXHffiffiONS AND CATALOGUES

Nagoya, Kyoto, Tokyo 1992-3

Fauvism and Modem Japanese Painting [Fovisumu to nihon kindai
yoga]. Nagoya: Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, October 30-December
20, 1992; Kyoto: National Museum of Modern Art, January 5-February
14, 1993; Tokyo: National Museum of Modern Art, February 24-March
28, 1993.

Richly produced and fully documented catalogue, with essays in

Japanese and English (Monod-Fontaine essay in Fench). Tokyo:
Shinbun, 1992. The essays include: Roland Pickvance, "Post-
Impressionism, Van Gogh, and Fauvism"; Isabelle Monod-Fontaine,
"Matisse's Fauvist Painting;" and Toru Asano, "Fauvism and Modern
Japanese Painting --The Roles Played by Yori Saito and Kotaro
Takamura." See no. 1177 for a fuller discussion of the essays.

New York 1992

Henri Matisse, A Retrospective
New York: Museum of Modern Art, September 24, 1992-January 12
( 19), 1993. Exhibit was extended one week.
Large, important catalogue by John Elderfield with Beatrice Kernan; all
works illustrated in color, substantive new chronology of the artist's
life by Judith Cousins, and an important essay, "Describing Matisse,"
by Elderfield. See no. 79 for a complete description of this catalogue.
Reviews: Alexander, Max. "Matisse Sizzles at Red-Hot MOMA."
Variety 349, 12 (January 18, 1993): 1-2; Barringer, Felicity. "Matisse:
'He's Kind of Cast a Spell on Me."' Art News 92, 4 (April 1993):
150; Bernier, Rosamond. "An Insider's Glimpse." Newsweek,
September 28, 1992: 44; Cembalist, Robin. "Just Wdd About Henri."
Art News 92 (February 1993): 41-42; "Colorful Seducer." Economist
325, 7779 (October 3, 1993): 94; Crisp, George. Review. Arts Rev.
44 (November 1992): 545-6, back cover; Danto, Arthur. "Henri
Matisse." The Nation 255, 15 (November 9, 1992): 553-56; Drawing
14 (September I October 1992): 58-59; Dubner, Stephen. "MoMA
Splashes a Once-in-a-Lifetime Matisse Extravaganza Across Its Walls."
New York 25, 36 (September 14, 1992): 66-67 and cover; "Exhibition
of the Year: Henri Matisse, a Retrospective." Apollo 136 (December
1992): 349; Feaver, William. "Saint Modern Art." Art News 91
(October 1992): 108-13; Flam, Jack. "Passions of Matisse." New York
Rev. Books, November 5, 1992: 28-32; Fraser, Kennedy. "Matisse
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 655

and His Women." Vogue 182, 9 (September 1992): 544; Gardner,

James. "Homeboys of the Bourgeoisie [Matisse and Magritte]."
National Rev. 44, 21 (November 2, 1992): 64-65; Golding, John.
"New York, Henri Matisse: A Retrospective." Burlington Mag. 134,
l 0077 (December 1992): 833-36; Gopnik, Adam. "The Unnatural."
New Yorker 68, 34 (October 12, 1992): 106-113; Heron, Patrick.
"Late Matisse." Modern Painters 6, l (Spring 1993): 10-19; Robert
Hughes, "Matisse: The Color of Genius." Time, September 28, 1992:
67-69; Kimmelman, Michael. "A Matisse Encore with Picasso for Just
a Week." New York Times, Living Arts 142 (January 22, 1993): B6,
Cl2; Kramer, Hilton. "Reflections on Matisse." New Criterion ll
(November 1992): 4-7; Larson, Kay. "This Side of Paradise." New
York 25, 39 (October 5, 1992): 105-06; Larson, Kay. "The Name
Game [Lothar Baumgarten , Guggenheim; Henri Matisse, MoMA]."
New York 26, 7 (February 15, 1993): 108-09; Lyon, Christopher.
"Seeing Matisse Whole." MoMA Members Quart. 13 (Fall 1992): 2-12
[group interview with Catherine Bock-Weiss, Yve-Aiain Bois, Jack
Flam, John Neff, and William Tucker with Elderfield's catalogue essay
as point of departure]; Madoff, Steven H. "Matisse: Imagining
Paradise." Art News 91, 10 (December 1993): 107-08; "A Matisse
Collage." Art and Antiques 9, 8 (October 1992): 66-73; "Matisse:
Creativity and Experimentation." USA Today 121, 2572 (January
1993): 20-27; "Matisse, The Year Starts Here." Mirabella (September
1992): 58-61; McLean, Alison, "Matisse: A Rare Look." Smithsonian
23, 7 (October 1992): 48-53; Nochlin, Linda. '"Matisse' and Its Other
[Russian Avant -Garde at Guggenheim]." Art in A me rica 81 , 5 (May
1993): 88-97; Perl, Jed. "Blockbusting Matisse." Salmagundi 97
(Winter 1993): 10-20; Phillips, Jonathan. "Matisse: Master of Color."
American Artist 47, 612 (July 1993): 20-29; Pissarro, J. "Henri
Matisse: A Retrospective." Apollo 736, 370 (December 1992); Peter
Plagens. "The Most Beautiful Show in the World." Newsweek
(September 28, 1992): 40-47; Raver, Anne. "Where the Plants Are as
Indolent as Odalisques." New York Times 142, B5, C7; Rosenblum,
Robert, Peter Schjeldahl, Brook Adams, Lynne Tillman, Francis M.
Naumann, Jeff Perrone, Kenneth Silver, Richard Hennessey, et a!.
"Matisse: A Symposium." Art in America 81, 5 (May 1993): 74-87;
Russell, John. "Matisse au MoMA." Connaissance arts 487
(September 1992): 76-82+; Wilkin, Karen. "Matisse at MoMA."
Partisan Rev. 60, l (Winter 1993): 78-94; idem, "After the
656 EXHffimONS AND CATALOGUES

Retrospective: Matisse and Picasso." Hudson Rev. 46 (Spring

1993):195-200; Zerner, Henri. "Matisse and the Colors of Light."
Times Lit. Supp. 4677 (November 20, 1992): 13-14.

Nice 1992
Donation Marie Matisse
Nice: Galerie des Ponchettes, Summer 1992.

Nimes 1992
Henri Matisse: sculptures et gravures
Nlmes: Musee des Beaux-Arts, Summer 1992.

Oberlin 1992
The Living Object: Art Collection of Ellen H. Johnson
Oberlin, Ohio: Allen Memorial Art Museum of Oberlin College, 1992.
Review: Brown, E. A. "The Living Object, collection of Ellen H.
Johnson." Bull. Allen Memorial Art Mus. 45, 1-2 (1992): 75.

Paris 1992
La Dation Pierre Matisse
Paris: Musee National d'Art Moderne, June 18-September 13, 1992.
Handsome informational catalogue with essay, "Pierre Matisse,
compagnon en route," by Pierre Schneider.
Review: Burns, Guy, "Letter from Paris." Arts Rev. 44, 9 (September
1992): 413; Monod-Fontaine, I. "Dation: Oeuvres provenant de Ia
collection Pierre Matisse (attribue adifferents institutions de province)."
Rev. du Louvre 42 (April 1992): 19-29; Picard, D. "Manifeste, a
quelle fin?" Connaissance arts 485-86 (July-August 1992): 86.

Bahnhof Rolandseck 1993

Pflanzenwelten-Bliitentriiume: Ellsworth Kelly, Paul Klee, Henri
Matisse.
Bahnhof Rolandseck: Stiftung Hans Arp und Sophie Tauber-Arp
October 23, 1993-January 2, 1994.
Catalogue, beautifully produced and illustrated, by Siegfried Gohr;
thirteen Matisse works.

Cannes 1993
EXHIBmONS AND CATALOOUES 657

Matisse, La Danse
Cannes: La Malmaison, January-March 1993.
A very handsone catalogue (Cahiers Henri Matisse, I 0) by Xavier
Girard on the studies for the Barnes Foundation Mural. These include
paintings, drawings, cut-paper designs, and sculpture, no. 1145.
Girard's essay is both informative and poetic and deals with the works
in the exhibition in a general way, dealing above all with the artist's
love of the theme of the dance.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1993
Matisse, sculptures-dessins, dialogue
Le Cateau-Cambn!sis: Musee Matisse, November 6, 1993-February 6,
1994.
A handsome catalogue of an exhibition that pairs individual sculptures
with their pertinent drawings, creating between them the dialogue of the
title that offers surprising and rewarding affinities. A sensitive
introductory essay by Dominique Szysmusiak; illustrations are large
and beautifully reproduced--each work is given documentation by
Laurent Giovannoni, one of the show's organizers. An exhibition that
offers a fascinating meditation on the rapport between Matisse's graphic
and sculptural thinking.
Review: "Matisse: Sculptures-Dessins, dialogue." Cimaise 227
(November-December 1993): 54; Review. Rev. du Louvre 43 (June
1993): 101; Rose, Matthew. "No Wait at Musee Matisse in Cateau-
Cambresis," Art & Antiques (January 1994): 15.

Compiegne 1993
Tisserands de legende: Chane! et le tissage en Picardie
Compiegne: Abbaye de Royallieu, December 1993.
An exhibit that celebrates both the work of Coco Chane I and the
weaving industry in Picardy, the northern region of France from which
Matisse's family came. It was the weavers of Matisse's native region
who supplied the luxury fashion and home decoration industries with
woven and patterned fabrics. Among other essays in this small, but
richly produced, catalogue is Hilary Spurling's informative "Henri
Matisse et les tisseurs de Bohain," no. 355.

Copenhagen 1993
658 EXHffiillONS AND CATALOGUES

Matisse. Kapellet i Vence

Copenhagen: Ordrupgaard Museum, 1993.
An extremely well-documented and beautifully produced catalogue in
Danish and English, edited by Hanne Finsen with Mikael Wive), for an
exhibition unusually rich in materials pertaining to the gestation,
flowering, and final realization of the Chapel of the Rosary at Vence.
Over one-hundred items, many from the Musee Matisse, but others
from private collections and other museums, are reproduced and
documented, using letters and sketchbooks as well as published sources,
no. 1069.
Review: Fonsmark, Anne-Birgitte. "Matisse in Denmark, The Chapel
at Vence." Apollo 138 (October 1993): 258.

Minneapolis 1993
Minnesota Celebrates Matisse
Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, October 10, 1993-January
9, 1994.
Small, handsome catalogue by George Keyes with Patrick Shaw Cable;
general essay by Keyes. Works in all media from Minnesota
collections.

New York 1993

Homage to Matisse
New York: Sidney Janis Gallery, Summer 1993.
Revue: Pinchbeck, Daniel. "Homage to Matisse, Sidney Janis Gallery,"
Art & Antiques 15 (Summer 1993): 27.

Henri Matisse, illustrated books

New York: La Boetie, October 1993.
Elizabeth Phillips and Monica Strauss, curators.
Review: Perle, Jed. "Booked." New Criterion 11 (May 1993): 37-43.

Nice 1993
Matisse--Paintings, Stage Scenes, Costumes and Accessories
Nice: Musee Matisse, July to August 1993.
Review: "Matisse a Nouveau" [on the reopening of the museum in its
renovated building], Connaissance arts 497 (July-August 1993): 8. A
EXHIBffiONS AND CATALOGUES 659

special issue of Connaissance arts was also published to highlight the

reopening.

Exposition Dossier lll: Window in Tahiti, Fauteuil rocaille et Chapel

at Vence; Exposition c'ontemporain /-Claude Viallat, Pierre Buiraglio:
Variations on Window in Tahiti, Fauteuil rocaille et Chapelle de Vence
Nice: Musee Matisse, September-November 1993.

Matisse: L'Enlevement d'Europe

Nice: Musee Matisse, December 1993.

Paris 1993
Henri Matisse, 1904-1917
Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, February 25-June 21, 1993.
Substantive, richly illustrated catalogue by Dominique Fourcade and
Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, curators of the exhibition. An important
essay by Yve-Alain Bois, "L' Aveuglement," no. 403, is followed by a
detailed chronology, based on new documentation of the years in
question, by Monod-Fontaine and Claude Laugier. Fourcade and Eric de
Chassey have also assembled an "Anthologie," a valuable selection of
critical comments and writings--often rare--from the period, concerning
the works in the exhibition.
Review: Daix, Pierre. Matisse." Connaisance arts 492 (February
1993): 24-33; Girard, Xavier. "Matisse, L'Espace de Ia couleur."
Beaux-Arts Mag. 110 (March 1993): 54-75; Review. Rev. du Louvre
43 (February 1993): I08-9.

Autour d'un chef-d'oeuvre de Matisse; Les Trois versions de La Danse

Barnes ( 1930-33)
Paris: Musee d'Art Moderne de Ia Ville de Paris, November 18, 1993-
March 6, 1994; traveled to Philadelpha: Philadelphia Museum of Art,
April-June 12, 1994.
Handsome catalogue that reprints Jack Flam's essay on the three
versions of Dance, no. 1143, with contributions by Pierre Schneider,
Xavier Girard, Laurence Louppe, Jackie Monnier Matisse, and Germain
Viatte. Dominique Gagneux provides a conservation report and
Jacqueline Munck details the history of the Paris version's acquisition
and its exhibition history. See no. 1137 for a complete description of
the catalogue.
660 EXHIBmONS AND CATALCXJUES

Review: de Chassy, Eric." La Danse a Trois Temps." Beaux-Arts Mag.

110 (December 1993): 84-9; Shone, Richard. "Paris: L'Hiver de
!'Amour; Matisse," Burlington Mag. 136 (Apri11994): 256-57.

Saint Louis 1993

Matisse, Image Into Sign
Saint Louis: The Saint Louis Art Museum, February 19-April 25,
1993.
Slim full-color catalogue af all twenty-five paintings and paper cutouts
exhibited; substantial text, "Image into Sign," by Jack Flam, the
show's curator, no. 507. Of the works exhibited--primarily from the
1930s and 1940s--five important paintings and three drawings were
loaned from the Musee National d'Art Moderne in Paris.

Stuttgart 1993
Henri Matisse: Zeichnungen und gouaches decoupees
Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, December II, 1993-Febrary 20, 1994.
Large elegant catalogue edited by Ulrike Gauss, curator, with
contributions--by Lydia Delectorskaya, no. 1045, Xavier Girard, no.
1048, Jack Flam, no. 1047, Ortrud Dreyer, no. 269, Richard
Hennessey, no. 332, and Andreas Stolzenburg, no. 1028--that revolve
primarily around the series Themes et variations and Jazz. Text in
German, also in French or English when either was the original
language of the essay.

Vence 1993
Chapelle du Rosaire, 1948-51: etudes
Vence: Chateau de Villeneuve, Summer 1993.

Washington, D.C. 1993

Great French Paintings from the Barnes Collection
Washington: National Gallery of Art, May -August 15, 1993; Paris:
Centre Georges Pompidou, September 1993-January 2, 1994; Tokyo: ;
Philadephia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1994.
Catalogue, published by Alfred A. Knopf in association with Lincoln
University Press, on the impressionist, post-impressionist and early
modern works from the Barnes Foundation Collection, that serves for
the international exhibition with all its venues. Essays by Richard K.
Wattenmaker, "Dr. Albert C. Barnes and the Barnes Foundation," and
EXIDBmONS AND CATALOOUES 661

Anne Distel, "Dr. Barnes in Paris," precede entries by distinguished

scholars on paintings by, among others, Manet, Renoir, Monet,
Gauguin, Cezanne, Picasso, Soutine, and, of course, Henri Matisse.
Jack Flam writes substantive entries on the important works by
Matisse in the Barnes Collection including The Joy of Life ( Bonheur de
Vivre), The Red Madras Headdress, Interior with Goldfish, Seated
Riffian, The Three Sisters Triptych, The French Window at Nice, and
The Dance Mural, no. 1142, among others. Flam brings his formidable
knowledge and the latest documentation to bear on these paintings,
which are for the first time reproduced in quality color plates--a major
concession which overturns Dr. Barnes' longstanding interdiction on
color reproductions of his paintings. This is a publication of highest
importance on a major body of important, long-sequestered Matisse
works, no. 1278.
Review: Editorial. Burlington Mag. 135, 1083 (June 1993): 379;
Kimball, Roger. "Betraying a Legacy: the Case of the Barnes
Foundation." New Criterion (June 1993): 9-13; Philadelphia Mus. of
Art Bull. 89 (Winter-Spring 1994): 16, 21; [Paris venue] Lloyd, Jill.
"Pennsylvania Station in Paris." Times Lit. Supp. (October I, 1993):
17.

Le Cateau-Cambresis 1994
Henri Matisse, sculpures, dessins, les annees Fauve
Le Cateau-Cambresis: Musee Matisse, Autumn 1994-February 1995.
(Seventy works.)
Review: Rose, Matthew. "No Wait at Musee Matisse in Cateau-
Cambresis," Arts & Antiques (January 1994): 15.

Liverpool and London 1994-5

Venus Redefined: Sculpture by Rodin, Matisse, and Contemporaries
Liverpool: Tate Gallery, Liverpool, 1994-5
Exhibition of modern sculpture using themes related to Venus;
compiled and edited by Judith Nesbitt.

Philadelphia 1994
The Dance and Fifty Studies
Phildelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, April-June 12, 1994.
662 EXHffimONS AND CATALOGUES

A modified version of the exhibition of the three versions of The

Dance, which first were exhibited in Paris in 1993-4.

Brisbane, Canberra, Melbourne 1995

Henri Matisse
Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery, March 29-May 16, 1995; Canberra:
National Gallery of Australia, May 27-July 9, I 995; Melbourne:
National Gallery of Victoria, July I 9-September 23, I 995.
The first full-scale retrospective exhibition of Matisse in Australia; in
all media, with an ambitious, well-illustrated catalogue (Brisbane:
Queensland Art Gallery and Art Exhibitions Australia, I 995) edited by
Caroline Turner and Roger Benjamin. Important essays contributed by
Roger Benjamin, nos. 389 and 390, Yve-Alain Bois, no. 1138, John
Elderfield, no. 272, Jack Flam, no. 3 I 8, Xavier Girard, no. 1094, Anne
Kirker, no. 285, John Klein and Elizabeth Childs, no. 73 I, Laurie J.
Monahan, no. 840, Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, no. 650, Richard Shiff,
no. 73 I, and Caroline Turner, no. 220, are included.
Index of Authors Bell, Quentin, 384
Numbers in index refer to entry Bendiner, Kenneth, 385, 386
numbers Benjamin, Roger, 55, 56, 183,
387, 388, 389, 390, 794,
Ahlers-Hestermann, Friedrich, 1200, 1201,
360 Berenson, Bernard, 391, 392
Allard, Roger, 361 Berger, Klaus, 393
Allemand, G., 1344 Berger, John, 394
Alpatov, Mikhail, 47 Bernier, Rosamond, 57, I 078,
Amzallag-Auge, Elizabeth, 1400 1311
Anazawa, Kazuo, 362 Bertin, Celia, 315, I 079
Apollonio, Umberto, 1167 Bertram, Anthony, 58
Aragon, Louis, 48, 49, 222, Besson, Georges, 59, 395
363, 364, 365, 366, 1009, Bettini, Sergio, 396
1149, Beutler, Christian, 60
Argan, Guilio Carlo, 182 Billot, Marcel, 1061, 1080
Arikha, Avigdor, 1016 Bioules, Vincent, 1354
Amason, H. H., 1352 Bishop, Janet, 875, 1297
Arnold, Matthias, 367, 368, Blunt, Anthony, 397
1320 Board, Marilyn Lincoln, 398
Arrouye, Jean, 1166 Bock [Bock-Weiss], Catherine
Ashton, Dore, 261, 369 C., 61, 399, 400, 796, 881,
Asplund, Karl, 370 972, 973
Aubery, Pierre, 371 Boehm, Gottfried, 262
Auchincloss, Eve, 1015 Bois, Yve-Alain, 184, 263, 264,
August, Marilyn, 1310 401, 402, 403, 1138
Baillet, Yolande, 1401 Bonmariage, Sylvain, 404
Baker, Kenneth, 314 Bonnard, Pierre, 26
Ballou, M. G., 864 Bony, Paul, 1146
Barker, Michael, 1076 Bordley, R., 1081
Barnes, Albert C., 50, 372, 890, Bothner, Roland, 989
924, 855 Boudou, Dominique, 985
Barnes, Rachel, 51 Bouisset, Marten, 1355
Barotte, Rene, 373 Bourniquel, Camille, 1062
Barr, Alfred H., Jr., I, 52, 53, Bouvier, Marguette, 405, 1010
374, 867, 1052, 1147 Bowness, Alan, 62, 265
Barron, Stephanie, 1353 Brachlianoff, Dominique, 914
Barry, Joseph A., 1077 Brandi, Cesare, 306
Barsky, Vivianne, 1055 Branzi, Silvio, 407
Basler, Adolphe, 54, 375, 376, Brassai', Gyula H., 408, 409
377, 378 Braun, Emily, 1298
Baticle, Jeannine, 904 Braune, Heinz, 894
Baynes, Ken, 379 Brauner, Heidi, 306
Bazaine, Jean, 380 Breeskin, Adelaid D., 266, I 00 I,
Beat, Jack, 959 1037
Becker, John, 1317 Breton, Andre. 813
Bell, Clive, 381, 382, 383 Brettell, Richard R., 974, 1319

663
664 INDEX OF AUiliORS

Brezianu, Barbu, 25, 410 Clark, E., 900

Brill, Frederick, 63 Clement, Russell T., 66, 1169
Broude, Norma, 316, 1356 Cocteau, Jean, 435, 436
Bryson, Norman, 411 Codognato, Attilio, 437
Buchanan, Donald W., 412, Coellen, Ludwig, 438
1082 Cogniat, Raymond, 439, 696,
Buchheim, Lothar-Giinther, 223 852, 908, 982, I 056
Buchholz, Cornelia, 1402 Coleno, Nadine, 1403
Buck, Robert T., 1357 Collins, Amy Fine, 1361
Buettner, Stephen, 413 Comtesse, Alfred, 1038
Bulliet, C. J., 1349 Cone, Edward T., 806, 1290
Burger, Fritz, 414 Cooke, H. L., 839, 879
Burgess, Gelett, 415, 1202 Cooper, Douglas, 440
Bussy, Jane Simone, 416 Coquiot, Gustave, 441
Bussy, Simon, 3 Cork, Richard, 443
Cabanne, Pierre, 417 Costesco, Eleanora, I 041
Calmels, Norbert, 1063 Coulanges, Henri, 444, 443,
Camoin, Charles, 31 1275
Cantu, Arnaldo, 419 Courthion, Pierre, 5, 67, 68,
Cappadonna, Diana, 805 319, 445, 446, 447, 448
Carco, Francis, 420, 421, 1203 Cousinou, Olivier, 781
Carlson, Earl Gustav, 946 Couturier, Marie-Alain, 6, I 064-
Carlson, Victor, 267 1067, 1088, 1089, 1090
Carmean, E. A., 1204, 1358 Cowart, Jack, 69, 70, 226, 307,
Carone, Walter, 1104 320, 321, 449, 450, 804,
Carra, Massimo, 132 1031
Carrier, David, 422, 824 Craven, Thomas, 451, 452, 453
Carter, Malcolm N., 421 Crawford, J., 1032
Cartier, Jean-Albert, 1205 Crespelle, Jean-Paul, 1170
Cassidy, Donna M., 1359 Crowninshield, Frank, 936
Cassou, Jean, 64, 185, 186, Cunne, Karl, 1207
224, 317' 424, 425, 426, Cuno, James B., 868
427, 810, 896 Curtis, John, 454
Castleman, Riva, 225, 268 Daftari, Feveshteh, 71
Cauman, John, 428 Dagan, Philippe. 455, 869,
Cavallius, Gustaf, 784 1208, 1362
Cena, Olivier, 65 Daix, Pierre, 456
Charensol, Georges, 430 Daniels, A., 944
Charlot, Jean, 429 Danto, Arthur C., 457
Chasse, Charles, 1168, 1206 Danto, Ginger, 1140
Chaste!, Andre, 431 Daiibler, Theodore, 458
Chatelet, Albert, 1308 David, Christoph W., 988
Chetham, Charles, 80 I, 1321 Davidson, Martha, 823
Chevrier, Jean-Fran~ois, 432 Davvetas, Demosthenes, 1363
Childs, Elizabeth, 318 De Baranano, K. M., 459, 941
Chu, Petra Ten-Doesschate, 433 de Bissy, C. 460
Clair, Jean, 26, 434, 1360
INDEX OF AUll-IORS 665

de Chassey, Eric, 918, 921, 809, 816, 848, 858, 1176,

1328, 1364 1217, 1365-1368
de Forges, M.T., 1344 Eldridge, Charles, 489
Degand, Leon, 322, 461, 462 Elgar, Frank, 80
Delectorskaya, Lydia, 72, 1017, Eliel, Carol S., 1337
1045, 1091, 1012 Ellenius, Allan, 783
Demski, Eva, 844 Elliot, Eugene C., 490
Denis, Maurice, 463 Elsen, Albert E., 178,189, 190,
Denvir, Bernard, 464, 1171 273
De Pesloiian, C., 46 Eluard, Paul, 491, 1038
De Piero, W. S. 471 Escholier, Raymond, 81, 82,
De Stefani, Alessandro, 466 492, 493
Desvallieres, Georges, 467 Essers, Volkmar, 83
Diehl, Gaston, 73, 74, 75, 323, Esteban, Claude, 494
468, 469, 470, 1039, 1172, Ettinger, Paul, 1318, 1330
1173 Faern, Jose, 84
Dittmann, Lorenz 472 Failing, Patricia, 954
Donne, J. B., 1209 Fairbrass, Sheila, 940
Donnell, Courtney G., 1282 Farese-Sperken, C., 826
Dorgeles, Raymond, 121 0 Farr, Dennis, 913
Dorival, Bernard, 187, 473, 474, Fauchereau,Serge, 1332
475, 932, 1211-1214, 1295, Faure, Elie, 85, 495, 496
1309, 1312 Favelin, Corine, I 057
Dorr, III, G.H., 1315 Feller, Gerd Udo, 497
Dorra, Henri, 1215 Fels, Florent, 86, 498
Douaire, Richard J., 1092 Fergonzi, Flavio, 499
Dreyer, Ortrud, 269 Fermigier, Andre, 500
Duchamp, Marcel, 476 Ferrier, Jean-Louis, 87, 501,
Duchein, Paul, 477 1178
Dudley, Dorothy, I 141 Feuerring, Maximilian, 1219
du Plessix, Francine, 1303 Fierens, Paul, 502, 1220
Durozoi, Gerard, 75 Findlay, Michael, 855
Duthuit, Claude, 177, 227, 228, Finsen, Hanne, 1069, 1093
932 Fischer, Erik, 231
Duthuit, Georges, 77, 308, 324, Flam, Jack, 27, 28, 88, 89, 191
478-484, 1086, 1174, 1175 503-507' 802, 811' 820, 845,
Duthuit-Matisse, Marguerite, 865, 870, 880, 891' 892,
227, 270 909, 922, 923, 933, 937,
Duthy, Robin, 485, 1216 938, 945, 956, 957, 958,
Dvorak, Franz, 229 964, 981, 986, 1046, 1047,
Eckstrom, Kevin, 1042 1142, 1143, 1221, 1222
Edson, Laurie, 825 Flanner, Janet, 508
Eglinton, Guy, 486 Flint, Ralph, 192, 509
Eichhorn, Linda, I 007 Forbes, Cleaver, 510
Einstein, Carl, 487 Forge, Andrew, 1370
Elderfield, John, 78, 79, 188, Forgey, B., 325
230, 271' 272, 309, 488, Foster, Joseph Kissel, 511
666 INDEX OF AtmiORS

Fourcade, Dominique, 29, 30, Golding, John, 99, 534, 1234

90, 232, 274, 275, 326, 512, Goldschmidt, Ernst, 32
513, 253, 254, 827' 862, Goldwater, Robert, 194, 1235
906, 918, 919, 921 Golman, Judith, 277
Fournet, Claude, 91, 193 Goodman, Jonathan, 1372
Francis, H. S., 842 Goodrich, Lloyd, 195
Frankfurter, Alfred M. , 514, Gopel, Barbara and Erhard, I 00
1302 Gordon, Donald E., 1373
Franzke, lrmela, 327, 328 Gottlieb, Carla, 535, 872
Fraser, Douglas, 1223 Gouk, Alan, 196, 876, 1372
Freeman, Judi, 1179 Gowing, Lawrence, 101, 102,
Frost, Rosamond [Rosamond 103, 852
Bernier], 912 Grafly, Dorothy, 536
Fry, Roger, 92, 93, 515 Gran, Henning, 1375
Fukuzawa, lchiro, 142 Grand, Paule Marie, 197
Gagnon, P., 915 Grautoff, Otto, 537
Gardner, Henry G., 1348 Greenberg, Clement, 104, 538,
Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 8, 767 539
Garvey, Eleanor M., 1224 Greene, David B., 540, 877
Gasser, Samuel, 276 Greenfield, Howard, 1279
Gassier, Pierre, 1225 Grohmann, Will, 541
Gaunt, William, 516 Grossmann, R. 542
Gauthier, Maximilian, 517 Gruen, John. 543
Geldzahler, Henry, 518, 1003, Grunewald, Isaac, I 05
1030 Guadagnini, Walter, 106
George, Waldemar, 94, 233, Gueguen, Pierre, 198, 544
234, 519, 520, 1226, 1292, Guichard-Meili, Jean, 107, I 08,
1343 278, 279, 310, 545, 982,
Georges-Michel, Michel, 521 Guillard, Jacqueline and Maurice,
Gide, Andre, 522, 1137 109
Gilbert-Rolfe, Jeremy, 523 Giise, Ernst-Gerhard, 237
Gillet, Louis, 524, 525,1144, Haas, Karen E., I 004
1138 Haas, Patrick, 1404
Gilot, Fran~oise, 95, 526, 527, Hadler, Mona, I 021
528 Haftmann, Werner, 280
Ginsburg, Michael, 1329 Haglund, E., 888
Girard, Xavier, 96, 97, 98, 235, Hahnloser, Hans R., 281, 546,
236, 529-532, 828, I 070, 861
1048, 1094, 1145, 1313 Hahnloser [Hahnloser-lngold],
Giraudy, Daniele, 31 Margrit, 238, 282, 547, 548
Giry, Marcel, 871, 1180, 1230- Hall, D., 907
1233 Halvorson, Walther, 549
Glaser, Curt, 533 Hamilton, George Heard, 550,
Glenn, Constance, I 020 1342
Glueck, Grace, 950, 1371 Hammaren, Carl-Erik, 1095
Goerg, Charles, I 058 Hampl, Patricia, 975
Goldin, Amy, 329, 330, 331 Handler, Ruth, 551
INDEX OF AUlliORS 667
Harbison, Robert, I 096 Jouffroy, Alain, 576
Harris, Frank, 552 Jouhandeau, Marcel, 577
Hart, Henry, 1280 Justema, William, II 03
Hasegawa, Saburo, I 097 Kampis, Antal, 117
Heilmaier, Hans, 283, 553 Kandinsky, Vasili, 579
Hennessey, Richard, 305, 332 Kane, Thomas A., 746
Herbert, James Daniel, 1181, Katz, Leon, 580
1236 Kavanagh, Liv, 1153
Herbert, Robert, 882 Kawashima, Riichiro, 118
Heron, Patrick, 556, 925 Kean, Beverly Whitney, 1333
Herrera, Hayden, II 0, 1376 Kelder, Diane, 1305
Hess, Thomas B., 557, 558 Kenedy, R. C., 1378
Hildebrandt, Hans, 239, 240 Kenner, Hugh, I 049
Hilton, Alison, 559 Kerber, 0., 581
Hines, Jack, 895 Kery, Bert-Aiain, 785
Hobhouse, Janet, 560, 561, 997 Kijima, Shunsuke, 202
Hoctin, Luce, II 00 Kimball, Fiske, 1338, 1339
Hodgkin, Howard, 1370 King, Antoinette, 284, I 002
Hofmann, Werner, 199, 562 King, Philip, 1370
Hohl, Reinhold, 563 Kirgo, George, 582
Holland, Nicolle M., 1022 Kirker, Anne, 285
Hollander, John, 926 Klein, John R., 119, 318, 583,
Holm, Arne E., 200, I 101 584, 984, 1297
Honeyman, T. J., 1237 Klimov, Rostislav, 830
Hoog, Michel, 807, 1238. 1239, Kober, Jacques, 120
1345, 1377 Kostenevich, Albert, 34, 121,
Hoppe, Ragnar, 565, 566 122, 831, 832, 1334, 1335
Hori, Hidehiko, 829 Kozloff, Max, 286
Hori, Kosai, 883 Kramer, Hilton, 203, 585
Horter, Earl, Ill Kronsky, Betty, 586
Humbert, Agnes, 241, 1240 Kueny, Gabrielle, 287
Hunecker, James B., 567, 568 Kuh, Katherine, 1276
Hunter, Sam, 112 Kunio, Motoe, 587
Huppert, Janine C., 33 Kuspit, Donald, 588, 589, 590
Hiittinger, B., 201 Labaume, Vincent, 123
Huyghe, Rene, 113, 569, 570, Lacaze, Andre, I I 04
1241, LageriOf, Margaretha Rossholm,
Ikegami, Chuji, 168 786
ltaliaander, Rolf, II 02 Lambert, Susan, 242
Izerghina, A., 114 Landau, Ellen G., 1379
Jacques-Marie, (Soeur), 1071 Landolt, Hanspeter, 591
Jacobus, John. 115, 571, 927 Lane, John R., I 106, 1380
Jedlicka, Gotthard, 116, 572, Langdon, G.,
573, 574, 817, 1072, 1182, Larson, Philip, 288, 592, 1381
1242 Lassaigne, Jacques, 124, 333,
Jeudwine, W. R., 1314 334, 1025, 1157, 1243
Jodido, P., 575 Lassus, Jean de., 1244
668 INDEX OF Aun-IORS

Laude, Jean, 594, 902, 905, Lyman, John, 616

1183 Lyons, Lisa, 617
Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude, 595, MacChesney, Clara T., 619
1245, 1382 Mai, Ekkehard, 620, 621
Lebovici, Elizabeth, 596 Malingue, Maurice, 246
Lee, Thomas P., 1283 Manguin, Henri, 9
Legg, Alicia, 179 Mannering, Douglas, 133
Lehmann, Leon, 1246 Marcel, Philippe, 622
Leigh, D. M., 910 Marchiori, Guiseppe, 134, 338,
Leinz, Gottlieb, I 026 623
Lejard, Andre, 125, 126, 597 Marechal, Andrea, 339
Lemaltre, H., 1107 Marinacee, Karine, 1403
Lemassier, J., 598 Marmer, Nancy, 340
Leroy, Fran~oise, 599 Marque!, Albert, 24
Leveque, Jean-Jacques, 127, 600 Marshall, Neil, 341
Levey, Michael, 916 Martin, Jean-Hubert, 624
Levin, Gail, 1383 Martin, Paule, 625
Levine, Stephen Z., 335 Marussi, Garibaldo, 1185
Levinson, Andre, 601 Masheck, Joseph, 342, 343, 626
Levy, Bernard-Henri, 1384 Massine, Leonid, 1159
Levy, Pierre, 1306 Masson, Andre, 627
Levy, Rudolph, 602 Mathews, Denis, 1186
Levy, Thomas, 1385 Matisse, Henri, I 0-15, 25-46,
Lewis, Wyndham, 603 629, 630, 1073, 1074, 1148,
Leymarie, Jean, 128, 129, 336, 1154
337, 604, 605, 1184, 1247 Matisse, Paul, 631
Lhote, Andre, 606, 607, 608, Matisse, Pierre, 16, 632
609 Mauny, Jacques, 633, 634
Liberman, Alexander, 610 McBride, Henry, 17, 135, 635-
Lieberman, William S., 243, 640
244, 289, 290, 291, 292, McEwen, John, 641
1294, 1323 McGuire, Penny, 642
Liessegang, Susanne, 130 McQuillan, Melissa Ann, I 059
Linde, Ulf, 185, 787 Meier-Graefe, Julius, 643, 644
Linker, Kate, 611, 612, 976 Melville, Robert, 645
Linnebach, Gabrielle, 1248 Mercereau, Andre, 646
Lipchitz, Jacques, 204 Metken, G., 205
Lipman, Jean H., 1286 Meyer, Franz, 344, 1250, 1387
Livingston, Jane, 951 Mezzatesta, Michael P., 136
Longhi, Roberto, 1249 Micha, Rene, 293
Longstreet, Stephen, 245 Michaut, Pierre, 1161
Loring, John, 613 Milhau, Denis, 647
Liibecker, Pierre, 131 Milhaud, Darius, 648
Lucas, John, 955, 1316 Millard, Charles E., 1388
Luz, Maria, 36, 312 Milner, Frank, 137
Luzi, Mario, 132 Minemura, Tashiaki, 138
Luzzato, Guido, 615 Mitchell, Breon, I 012
INDEX OF Aun-IORS 669

Moll, Greta, 917 Olander, William, 295

Monahan, Laurie J., 840 Olsen, Valerie Loupe, 825, 1027
Moncrief, Elspeth, 854 Ono, Masaharu, 995
Monnier, Genevieve, 965, 1389 Oppler, Ellen Charlotte, 1191
Monnier, Gerard, 649, 1114 Orienti, Sandra, 146
Monod-Fontaine, Isabelle, 139, Osborn, Max, 1331
140, 141, 180, 206, 650, Ozenfant, Amadee, 668, 1254
901, 987 Pach, Walter, 18, 669, 670, 671
Montherlant, Henry de, 651 Page, Suzanne, 1055
Moore, Felicity St. John, 841 Palmer, Mildred, 672
Moore, Thurston, 1050 Pancera, M. Bertello, 673, 1255
Morris, George L. K., 652 Parker, John, 296
Morse, C. R., 653 Parnotte, Henri, 1118
Morsell, Mary, 654 Payr6, Julio E., 1192
Moulin, Raoul-Jean, 249 Peltier, Philippe, 592
Mourlot, Fernand, 250 Percheron, Rene, 1075
Mousseigne, Alain, 655 Perl, Jed, 297, 674, 675, 1119
Mullally, Terence, 1251 Pernoud, Regine, 1036, 1120
Muller, Joseph-Emile, 1187 Perreault, John, 1392
Munsterberg, Hugo, 656 Perrone, Jeff, 849
Munthe, Nelly, 1405 Perry, Gill, 1256
Murcia, M. H., 1115 Peyre, Henri, 676
Murphy, Richard W., 657 Philips, Jonathan, 677
Myers, Bernard, 1252 Picabia, Francis, 678
Naesgaard, Ole, 884 Picard, Denis, 1296
Naggar, Carole, 554 Piexotto, Mary H., 1307
Nakahara, Yusuke, 142, 878 Pigue!, Philippe, 679
Nakayama, Kimio, 1253 Pissarro, Joachim, 680
Nash, Steven A., 207, 1319 Platte, Hans, 1257
Neff, John Hallmark, 225, 294, Pleynet, Marcelin, 147, 681,
311, 345-348, 658, 833, 682 683, 1121
1150 Poland, R., 684
Negri, Renata, 1189 Porter, Fairfield, 209
Neret, Gilles, 143, 312 Potter, Meg, 1340
Neugass, Fritz, 659, 660 Poulain, Gaston, 210, 1393
Newberry, John D., Jr., 1044 Preaud, Tamara, 643
Newmayer, Hans, 1190 Prendeville, Brendan, 788, 1122
Nicolson, Benedict, 661 Prichard, Matthew Stewart, 8,
Nirdlinger, Virginia, 662 767
Nochlin, Linda, 663, 928 Proulx, Alfred C., 1123
Noel, Bernard, 144 Purrmann, Hans, 686, 687, 688
Noghid, I., 791 Puttfarken, Thomas, 873
Norling, Ole, 208 Puy, Jean, 19, 689
O'Brian, John, 145, 664, 665, Puy, Michel, 690, 1258
666, 1347, 1391 Raboff, Ernst Lloyd, 1406
Ocampo, Estella, 667 Radulescu, Neagu, 148
Ogawa, Masataka, 175 Ragon, Michel, 691
670 INDEX OF Atm-IORS

Rannit, Aleksis, 692 Salles, Georges, 710. 711, 1125

Raphael, Max, 693 Salmon, Andre, II 04, 1263-
Ratcliff, Carter, 694, 834 1266
Rau, Bernd, 818 Saito, Axel, 712
Raymond, Marie, 695 San Lazzaro, G., 350, 713
Read, Herbert, 211, 212 Schacht, Roland, 154
Reed, Judith Kaye, 1152 Schack, William, 1281
Reff, Theodore, 85 I , 977 Schapiro, Meyer, 714
Refsum, T., 697, 837, 853, 860 Scheffler, Karl, 715
Reichardt, J., 698 Scheiwiller, Giovanni, 155, 716
Reidemeister, Leopold, 1259 Schlagheck, Irene, 717
Reiff, Robert, 885, 929, 861 Schneider, Pierre, 156, !57,
Renard, Delphine, 1394 214, 351, 352, 718-724,
Rendall, Julian, 149 819, 935, 1005
Renshaw, Janet, 699 Schnier, Jacques, 725
Reverdy, Pierre, 306, 700 Schoenfeld, Ann, 1395
Rewald, John, 1260 Schouvaloff, Alexander, I 060
Rich, Daniel Catton, 1277 Schrenk, Klaus, 726
Richardson, Brenda, 1289 Schultze, Ji.irgen, 301
Rihani, Ameen, 701 Schwartz, Paul W., 948
Rinuy, Paul-Louis, 213 Schwob, Rene, 727
Riopelle, Jean, I 005 Schyle, Pauline, 35
Riviere, Jacques, 702 Seckel, Curt, 236
Robinson, Annette, 1407 Seckel, Helene, 728, 1341
Robinson, W., 961 Seguin, Jean-Pierre, 1126
Rodari, Florian, 1408 Selz, Jean, 158
Roddon, Guy, 939 Sembat, Marcel, 159, 729, 792
Roger-Marx, Claude, 2, 251, 298 Severini, Gino, 160
Romains, Jules, 85, 703 Shenker, Israel, 730
Roman, Jozsef, 150 Shiff, Richard, 731, 732
Romanelli, Giandomenico, 704 Shone, Richard, 1039, 1040
Romm, Aleksandr G., 151, 152 Sicre, Jose Gomez, 42
Rosenberg, Paul, 20 Siegel, Jeanne, 963
Rosenthal, Gertrude, 993 Silver, Kenneth, 733
Rosing, Larry, 1353 Skansky, V. 734
Roskill, Marc, 705, 847 Slivka, Rose, 1127
Rosset, David, 1261 Smith, Elaine, 1008
Rouault, Georges, 1262 Snodgrass, W. D., 930
Rousseau, Claudia, 803 Soby, James Thrall, 1056, 1326
Rouveyre, Andre, 21, 706, 707 Solmi, Sergio, 302
Rudikoff, Sonya, 299 Sotriffer, Kristian, 1194
Russakov, Jurij [Rusakov, Yu.], Soupault, Philippe, 813
252, 708 Sowers, Robert, 353
Russell, John, 153, 349 Spies, Werner, 354
Russoli, Franco, 300 Spurling, Hilary, 355, 735
Saint-Bris, Gonzague, 1124 Stein, Gertrude, 22, 736-739
Salinger, Marguerite, 966 Stein, Leo, 740
INDEX OF AUTI-IORS 671

Stolzenburg, Andreas, I 028 Wakabayashi, lsamu, 1164

Sutton, Denys, 161, 356, 1267 Ward, Mary Martha, 258
Svrcek, K. 8., 162 Warnod, Andre, 757
Swane, Leo, 163 Watanabe, Junichi, 168
Sylvester, David, 216 Watkins, Nicholas, 169, 170,
Szymusiak, Dominique, 254, 171
979, 987 Watson, Forbes, 758, 759
Taillander, Yvon, 741 Watt, Alexander, 760
Takashina, Shuji, 168 Wattenmaker, R. J., 313, 1196
Tancock, John, 1336 Weber, Max, 761
Taylor, M., 1000 Weekes, Ann Owens, 762
Teriade, E., 742, 743, 744 Weisner, Ulrich, 763
Terrasse, Antoine, 745, 746 Weiss, Peg, 920
Testori, Gianni, 255 Welch, M. L., 1135
Thau, Eugene-Victor, 747 Wenneberg, 8o, 789
Thibaud, Paul, 1128 Wentinck, Charles, 1197
Thiebaud, Wayne, 715 Werenskiold, Marit, 172, 705,
Thiel, Erika, 164 1198, 1398, 1399
Thirion, J., 748 W,erner, Alfred, 764, 765, 1291
Thorstenson, Inger J., 1396 Werth, Leon, 85, 766
Thorud, Svein, 1397 Werth, Margaret, 173, 874
Tinterow, Gary, 1284 Wescher, Herta, 357
Tohmfor, Carl-Jiirgen, 1385 Whitehall, W. M., 767
Toklas, Alice 8., 749 Whitfield, Sara, 1199, 1273
Tomas, F., 812 Wight, Frederick S., 768
Trapp, Frank A., 165, 750, 751, Wilkin, Karen, 221, 769, 770
799 Williams, William Carlos, 808
Tucker, William, 181, 217, 218, Will-Levaillant, Fran'roise, 771
219 Wilson, Sara, 174
Turner, Caroline, 220 Wind, Edgar, 1136
Urbanelli, Lora S., 1029 Windsor, A., 1151
Vaa, Thora, 1129 Wive!, Mikael, 989
Vallier, Dora, 752 Woimant, Fran'roise, 304
Valloton, Felix, 886 Wollen, Peter, 772
Valsecchi, Marco, 256 Wollheim, Richard, 773, 903
Vauxcelles, Louis, 14, 23, 1195, Wood, William, 358
1268, 1269, 1270, Woods, Willis F., 1301
Verdet, Andre, 166, 167, 753 Wright, Willard Huntington, 774
Viazzi, Glauco, 1271 Yanaihara, lsaku, 175
Vignorelli, Valerio, O.P., 1133 Yavorskaya, N., 775
Vildrac, Charles, 85, 257, 754, Young, Mahonri Sharp, 1299
755, 756 Zarate, V. Gonzales de, 776
Vincent, Helene, 1276 Zerner, Henri, 777
Vlaminck, Maurice, 1272 Zervos, Christian, 176, 259,
Vogel, Carol, 911 305, 359, 778, 779, 780,
Volboudt, Pierre, 303 1165, 1274
Wagner, Anni, 894 Zoubova, Maria, 260
This page intentionally left blank
Index of Subjects and Byzantine affinities with M,
Themes 481, 710
Numbers in index refer to entry Ceramics and M, 327, 328,
numbers 1053, 1150, 1151, 1163,
1166
Abstraction and M, 316, 383, Cezanne, 470, 492, 731, 734
695, 698 Chagall, Marc, and M, 353, 430
Ajaccio, M in, 530, 721; Ex h. Chapel of the Rosary, Vence, 44,
cat. Toulouse 1986 45, 1061-1136
American art and M, 98, 145, Clarnete, Lisette, 465, 510
428, 489, 509, 539, 614, Collage and M, 316, 320, 359;
629, 630, 636, 639, 664. Exh. cat. Saint Etienne 1964,
665, 666, 728, 747, 876, Basel 1976, Colmar 1990
1338, 1339 Colonial orientalism and M, 70,
Arabesque and M, 211, 269,545, 98, 388, 389, 733, 772, 1179
763, 1201 Color, 169, 396, 472, 490, 497,
Art nouveau and M, 645, 750 569, 570, 595, 653, 677,
Barr, Alfred H., and M, I, 52, 53, 774, 1351' 1358, 1374,
145, 665 1379; Exh. cat. Buffalo 1970,
Baudelaire and M, 491, 610, Austin 1978, Edinburgh 1985
1007, 1008, 1038; Exh. cat. Cone, Claribel and Etta, 4, 806,
Canberra 1991, Le Cateau- 993, 994
Cambresis 1992 Conservation of M's work, 284,
Bergson and M, 628, 1047, 791
1174 Copies by M, 295, 387, 732,
Bonnard and M, 26, 434, 446, 794
608, 746, 1393; Exh. cat. Courbet and Matisse, 483
Paris 1944 Couturier, 0. P., Marie-Alain, 6,
Book design and illustration by 1061, 1064-1067, 1080,
M, 228, 231, 235, 252, 266, 1081, 1087-1090, 1092,
285, 289, 299, 304, 613, 1106
I 020, 1224; Exh. cat. Paris Cubism, 99, 267, 466, 482, 617
1948, New York 1949, Paris Dance and M, 447, 821-834,
1954, Geneva 1959, 1055-1060, 1137-1145,
Huntington 1979, Chicago 1158-1162; Exh. cat. New
1980, Dallas 1980, York 1936, Paris 1948,
Minneapolis 1980, Paris London 1968, Jerusalem
1980, Munich 19981, Saint 1991, Nice 1993
Paul-de-Vence 1986, Lyon Decorative, the, and M, 306,
1987, Valence 1989, Canberra 311, 316, 323, 329, 335,
1991, New York 1993 340, 341, 342, 345, 346,
Bourgeois, Monique, see Jacques 347, 351, 833, 1200, 1201,
Marie, Soeur 1256, 1390; Exh. cat. New
Braque and M, 466, 549, 574, York 1966, San Francisco
641; Exh. cat. New York 1969 1988
Hussy, Simon and Jane, and M, Drawing and M, 222, 224, 226,
3, 416 229-233, 236, 237, 240, 241,

673
674 INDEX OF SUBJECfS AND THEMES

244-249, 251, 253-257, 259- Golberg, Mecislas, and M, 371

265, 267, 269, 271-275, 278, Golden Age, 719, 722, 763,
279, 280, 283, 284, 286, 834, 868, 869, 871, 873, 874,
287, 291, 292, 298, 293, 1176, 1199, 1217; Exh. cat.
297, 300-303, 305, 1000, Bielefeld 1981
1002-1006, !011, 1030, Goldfish bowl as theme in M's
1031, 1032, 1037-1041, work, 587, 612, 849, 851
I 043-1048 Gouaches decoupes, see Paper
Duality in Matisse, 500, 520, Cut-outs
601 Greenberg, Clement, and M,
Duchamp and M, 476, 589 104, 145, 664, 732
Egyptian influence on M, 455 Grenoble, Museum of Fine Arts,
Exotic themes in M's work, 592, 90, 287
663, 772 Gris, Juan, and M, 267, 617
Expressionism and M, 105, 361, Impressionism and M, 482, 714,
814, 946 731
Fakes and M, 277, 295 Ingres and M, 537, 871, 1233;
Fauve aspects of M's work, 301, Exh. cat. Montauban 1980
367, 486, 487, 521, 610, Inuit (Eskimo) Art, 1005, I 006;
814, 815, 1167-1274, 1294; Ex h. cat. Paris 1971, Toulouse
Exh. cat. Paris 1979 1972, London 1992
Fauvism Italy and M, 136, 419, 499, 532,
and Cubism 1167, 1207, 723, 931; Exh. cat. Venice
1208, 1226, 1230, 1266; 1987
and Expressionism, 1171, Iturrino and Matisse, 459
1179,1184,1187,1198, Jacques-Marie, Soeur (Monique
1213, 1239, 1245, 1248, Bourgeois), 1071, 1091,
1256, 1259, 1373, 1381; 1104, 1106
and Japanese art, 1177, 1253; Japanese Art and M, 393, 885;
and landscape, 1179, 1200, Exh. cat.Tokyo 1973, Nagoya
1201, 1236; 1992
and Nabis, 1188, Exh. cat. Kandinsky and M, 414, 444, 579
Zurich 1982 Klee, Paul, and M, 431; Exh. cat.
and Negro art, 1183, 1197, Minneapolis 1953, Bahnhof
1209, 1221, 1222, 1223, Rolandseck 1993
1235 Leisure and M, 343
Film, M. in, 618 Liebermann, Max, and M, 573
Fry, Roger, and M, 92, 93, 443, Lyman, John, and M, 616
626, 731, 732 Maillot and M, 730
Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 8, 767 Mallarme and M, 424, 612, 976,
Gauguin and M, 440, 492, 727 1037, 1038, 1115
German Art and M, 360, 541, Manet and M, 512, 742, 788
542, 578, 581, 602, 615, 687, Manguin, Henri, and M, 9, 475
688, 715, 826, 1213, 1248; Market value of M's work, 358,
Exh. cat. Paris and Munich 433, 442, 485, 666, 793,
1966, Kaiserslautern 1988, 854- 857, 1216
Hamburg 1989
INDEX OF SUBJECfS AND TIIEMES 675
Marquet and Matisse, 475; Exh. Odalisques, 398, 545, 560, 561,
cat. Bordeaux 1983 592, 634, 674, 772, 973
Masson, Andre, and M, 627, Pach, Walter, 428, 669, 670,
1363 671, 761
Matisse, Paul, and M, 631; Ex h. Pallady, Theodore, and M, 25,
cat. London 1971 410; Exh. cat. Paris 1973
Matisse, Pierre, 16, 543, 575, Paper Cut-outs, 36, 41, 306-326,
632, 666, 717; Exh. cat. Paris 329, 332, 334, 336, 337,
1992 338, 344, 347, 349, 350,
Matisse-Duthuit, Marguerite, and 354, 356, 359, 358
M, 408 Patterning and M, 330, 341
Metaphor and M, 425, 437, 523, Persian influence on M, 71
786, 976 Photography and M, 432, 531;
Miro, Joan, and M, 640 Exh. cat. Nice 1986
Models, Matisse's relation to, Picasso and Matisse, 57, 79, 95,
445, 460, 465, 713 142, 368, 374. 381, 382,
Montherlant, Henri de, and M, 436, 438, 456, 511, 514,
33, 651 526, 528, 529, 549, 563,
Moreau, Gustave, and M, 751, 574, 580, 649, 675, 682,
1205, 1228; Exh. cat. Paris 737, 740, 770, 771, 807,
1952, Marseille 1862, 872, 1114; Exh. cat. Paris
Okayama 1974, Marcq-en- 1918, Boston 1938, Oslo
Baroeul 1989-90 1938, Baltimore 1942,
Morocco and M, 70, 388, 389, London 1945, Amsterdam
488, 493, 505, 551, 587, 1947, New York 1949, Geneva
592, 634, 667, 724, 733, 1954, Bologna 1985
1031 Popular Front and M, 775
Moscow, M in, 47, 114, 122, Portraits and M, 46, 119, 794,
559, 624, 699, 708 984
Mourlot and M, 250, 417 1144, Posters and M, 250, 276
1164, 1165; Exh. cat. Postmodernism and M, 422, 588
A vignon 1948, Avignon 1949 Prichard, Matthew Stewart, and
Musee Matisse et Herbin, Le M, 8, 767
Cateau-Cambresis, II, 254 Prints and M, 223, 225, 227,
Musee Matisse at Nice, 12, 532, 234, 238, 239, 242, 243,
748 244, 247, 258, 268, 270,
Nabis and M, 301, 496, 1188; 276, 277, 281, 282, 285,
Exh. cat. Zurich 1982 288, 290, 294, 296, 298, 304
Neo-lmpressionism and M, 61, Purrmann, Hans, and M, 37, 100,
881, 882 615, 686, 688
Nice Period, early (1917-1930), Puvis de Chavannes and M, 313,
6~ 85, 87, 257, 395, 45~ 352
479, 513, 527, 537, 544, Renoir and M, 395, 552, 818
548, 565, 571, 585, 605, Retour a !'order, 435, 456, 518,
634, 668, 674, 733, 756; 647, 733
Exh. cat. Nice 1980, Rodin and M, 273, 989
Washington, D.C. 1986
676 INDEX OF SUBJECTS AND THEMES

Rouault, Georges, and M, 175, York 1949, New York 1955-

776, 1008, 1136, 1246, 1262 56, Chicago 1975
Sacred themes in M's work, 157, Theatre and M, I 055, I 056,
414, 481, 484, 599, 679, 1057, 1060; Exh. c~.
719, 805, 849, 1106, 1121, Edinburgh 1954, London
1128, 1136 1968, Strasbourg 1969,
Scandinavia and M, 163, 172, Libourne 1990, Compiegne
370, 1375, 1397, 1398, 1399 1993, Nice 1993
Schneider, Pierre, and M, 156, Themes and Variations, 269,
157, 679 I 045-1 048; Exh. cat. Paris
Sculpture and M, 177-221, 237, 1944, Stockholm 1951
986-998; Exh. cat. London Vence, Matisse in, 449; Exh.
1969, Nice 1974, Bern 1990- cat. Vence I 990
91 Vierny, Dina, 730
Self-Portraits by M, 119, 274, Window as theme in M's work,
400, 504, 584, 683 413, 434, 460, 535, 594,
Signs, language of, in M's work, 714, 807, 812, 898, 900, 901
98, 269, 350, 40 I, 424, 611, Woman as theme in M's work,
681, I 0 18; Ex h. cat. Saint 413, 561, 590, 592, 663, 762
Louis 1993 World War I and M, 518, 650,
Stained glass and M, 348, 353, 70 I; Ex h. cat. Paris 1940
1051, 1052, 1076, 1146
Stein, Gertrude, and M, 22, 40,
580, 626, 736-739; Exh. cat.
New Haven 1951, San
Francisco 1962, New York
1970
Stein, Sarah and Michael, 39,
648, 671; Exh. cat. New York
1970
Studio as theme in M, 503, 594,
683, 904, 905, 906, 925,
927, 928
Surrealism and M, 386, 813
Symbolism and M, 369, 825
Tahiti, M in, 35, 318, 531, 722;
Exh. cat. Nice 1986
Teriade, E., and M, 641; Exh.
cat. Stockholm 1954,
Bern 1960, Paris 1973, Berlin
1980, Yamanashi 1987
Textiles and M, 318, 333, 339,
351, 355, 1054, 1058, 1127,
1131, 1132, 1152-1155; Exh.
cat. New York 1936, New York
1947, London 1948, New
Index of Artworks
Titles in French
Numbers in index refer to entry numbers

Les Acanthes (The Acanthuses), paper cut-out, 1953, 353

Academie de l'homme (Male figure study), 1900, 781
Ananas (Pineapple), 1948, 1292
Annelies aux tulipes blanches et anemones (Annelies, White Tulips and
Anemones), 1944, 782
Apollon (Apollo), paper cut-out, 1953, 783-789; Exh. cat. Stockholm
1968, Stockholm 1957
Apollon (Apollo), ceramic mural, 1953, 1053
Arbre en fleur (Flowering tree), mural scroll, 1948, I 054
L'Asie (Asia), 1946, 793
L'Atelier du quai Saint-Michel (Studio, Quai Saint-Michel). 1916-17, 790,
947, 948
L'Atelier rose (Pink Studio), 1911, 341, 503
L'Atelier rouge (The Red Studio), 1911, 78, 503, 683, 925-930, 1371
Autoportrait (Self-portrait), 1906, 683
Baignade (Three Bathers), 1907, 955
La Baigneuse, fond bleu (Bather), 1909, 795
Baigneuses a Ia tortue (Bathers with a Turtle), 1908, 770, 800-803, 1144,
1252, 1321
Balthazar Castiglione (Balthazar Castiglione), 1904, 794
Les Betes de La mer (Beasts of the Sea), paper cut-out, 1950, 320, 704, 805
La Blouse roumaine (Romanian Blouse), 1940, 71, 1041
Boca/ de poissons rouges, interieur (Interior with a Goldfish Bowl), 1914,
130, 1295
Bonheur de vivre (Joy of Life), 1905-06, 50, 79, 372, 374, 750, 866-874,
1199, 1233, 1268
Le Cafe marocain [maure} (Arab Cafe), 1913, 505,729, 791,792
Capucines a "La Dance" 1 (Nasturtiums with "The Dance" 1), 1912, 603,
894
Capucines a "La Dance" 2 (Nasturtiums with "The Dance" 2), /912, 699,
895, 896, 897
Carmelina (Carmelina), /903-04, 504, 1181
Cauchemare de /'elephant blanc (Nightmare of the White Elephant), print IV
from "Jazz", 1947, 1029
La Chaise [Lorraine} aux peches (The [Lorraine} Chair with Peaches), 1919,
654, 815
La Chant (Song), overmantel mural, 1938, 72, 305, 359, 1164, 1165

677
678 INDEX OF AR1WORKS

Chant de Rossignol (Song of the Nightingale), ballet, 1919, 521, 1055-

1060; Exh. cat. London 1968, Strasbourg 1969, Jerusalem 1991
LaChapelle du Rosaire de Vence (Chapel of the Rosary at Vence), 1951,
236, 483, 528, 550, 788, 1061-1136; Exh. cat. New York 1976
La Chasse ("The Hunt" after A.Carracci), 1894-95, 90
Chemin de Croix (Stations of the Cross), 1951, 380, 1105, 1121, 1166
Le Cirque (Circus), print from "Jazz, " 1947, 999
La Coiffure (The Coiffure), 1907, 420, 817, 818
Compartiment de non-fumeurs (Motorcar), pen and ink, 1934, I 032
La Conversation (The Conversation), 1909-12, 504, 567, 699, 819, 820
Les Crevettes roses (Pink Shrimp), 1920, 911, 1286
La Danse ( 1), esquisse de paneau decoratif (Dance [ 1], decorative panel),
1909, 821. 822, 823
La Danse (2) (Dance 2), 1910, 130, 311,346,750,824-834
La Danse (The Dance), Unfinished mural, 1931, 157, 465, 1137-1145
La Danse (The Dance), Barnes mural, 1932-33, 1137-1145
La Danse (The Dance), Reworked Barnes mural now in Paris, 1933, 1137-
1145
La Danseuse (Dancer), paper cut-out, 1949, 314
Danseuse assise (Seated ballet dancer), lithograph, 1927,
Danseuse reposant dans unfauteuil (Dancer Resting in an Armchair),
charcoal, 1939, 1000
La Desserte (The Dinnner Table), 1897, 835-838, 852
Deux femmes sur une terrasse [balcon] (Two Women on a Balcony), 1921,
1300
Deuxfillettes, fond jaune et rouge (Two Girls in a Yellow and Red Interior),
1947, 556, 957
Deux negresses (Two Negresses), bronze. 1907, 206, 997, 998
L'Enfant au filet a papillons (Boy with Butterfly Net), 1907, 814, 815
L'Enlevement d'Europe (Abduction of Europa), 1927-29, 839, 840, 841
L'Escargot (The Snail), paper cut-out, 1953, 334, 939, 940
L 'E:trange farandole, Rouge et noir (The Strange Farandole, Red and Black),
ballet, 1937, 1159-1162
Etude d'une femme devant une draperie (Study of a Woman in Front of a
Drape), charcoal, 1909, 1308
La Famille du peintre (The Painter's Family), 1911, 339, 504, 697
Femme assise dans une fauteuil jaune (Woman in a Yellow Armchair), 1940,
1314
Femme assise devant une fenetre (Woman Seated by a Window), 1918-19,
983
Femme a La bowl des poissons (Woman with Goldfish Bowl), 1921, 971,
972
La Femme au chapeau (Woman with the Hat), 1905, 739, 984, 1297
Femme au taboret (Woman on a High Stool), 1914, 654
Femme debout devant une fenetre (Woman Standing in Front of the
Window), 1919, 1349, 1350
Femme devant un aquarium (Woman Before an Aquarium), 1923, 973-977
INDEX OF AR1WORKS 679

Femme a Ia gandoura bleue (Woman in Blue Gandurah), 1950, 979

Femmes a Ia riviere (Bathers by a River), 19I6, !65, 215, 311, 346, 404,
479, 770, 796-799, 1144, 1371, 1395
Femmes et singes (Women and Monkeys), paper cut-out, I952, 349
Fenetre (Rosace) de Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (Rose Window), I954, 1051,
1052
La Fenetre (The Window), I9I6, 684, 968
La Fenetre bleue (Blue Window), I9I3, 503, 812, 813
Fenetre ouverte a Tanger (Open Window, Tangiers), I912-I3, 903
Une Fete de Cimmerie, book, I963, 252, 1005, 1006
Fete des fleurs (Festival of Flowers), I923, 842
Figure [nul decorative sur fond ornamental (Decorative Figure on an
Ornamental Ground), I926, 430, 638, 647, 654
Fleurs de neige (Snow Flowers), paper cut-out, I95I, 334
Les Fleurs du mal (Flowers of Evil by Baudelaire), book, I946, 1007, 1008
Fleurs et ceramique (Flowers and Ceramic Plate), I913, 843, 844
Florilege des Amours de Pierre Ronsard, book, I948, 1009-1013; Exh. cat.
Southport 1984, Albuquerque 1974
Le Genou /eve (Seated Odalisque, Raised Knee), I922, 937
Le Gerbe (The Sheaf), ceramic mural, I953, 1163; Exh. cat. Paris 1954
Grande decoration aux masques (Large Decoration with Masks), paper cut-
out, I953, 349, 675, 1119
Grande falaise: les deux raies (Two Rays), I920, 958
Grand interieur rouge (Large Red Interior), I948, 540, 876, 877, 878
Grand nu assis (Large Seated Nude), bronze, 1925-29, 992, 1321
La Grande robe bleue et mimosas (Woman in Blue Dress), 1937, 72, 698,
978
Harmonie jaune (Harmony in Yellow), 1928, 854, 855, 856
Harmonie rouge I La Desserte (Harmony in Red), 1908, 699, 750, 852, 853
L'Homme nu (Male Model, Bevilaqua), 1900, 202
L'ldole (The Idol), 1905-06, 858
lnterieur aux aubergines (Interior with Eggplants), 1911, 90, 130, 697,
862
lnterieur au cahier noir (Interior with Black Notebook), 1918, 861
lnterieur a lafilette I La Lecture (Girl Reading), 1905-06, 847, 848
lnterieur jaune et bleu (Yellow and Blue Interior), 1946, 985
lnterieur, Nice (Woman Reading at a Dressing Table), 19I9, 981
lntereur a Nice (Interior at Nice), 1919, 859, 860
lnterieur a Nice, le sieste (Interior at Nice, The Siesta), 1922, 1309
Interieur au phonographe (Still Life with Phonograph), 1924, 504, 1286,
1304
lnterieur au rideau egyptien (Interior with Egyptian Curtain), 1948, 863
Interieur au vase etrusque (Interior with Etruscan Vase), 1940, 864
lnterieur au violin (Interior with Violin), 1917-18, 504
L'ltalienne (Italian Woman), 1916, 420
Jardin d'hiver (Conservatory), 1938, 305, 1321
680 INDEX OF AR1WORKS

Jardin marocain I Les Pervenches (Moroccan Garden I Periwinkles), 1912,

888
Jazz, book, 1947, I25, I26, I74, 23I, 32I, 334, 349, IOI4-10238; Exh.
cat. Paris I947, Rio de Janiero I947, New York I948, New York
I 960, Huntington I 979, Paris I 979, Paris· I 985
Jeunefille a l'ombrelle (Girl with Sunshade), 1921, I3I4
Jeunefille aux tulipes; Jeanne Vaderin (Girl with Tulips), 1910, 284, I002
LeJeune marin I et II (Sailor I and//), 1906, 443, 935
Les Joueuses de dominos (Game of Dominoes), 1919-20, 846
La Leron de musique (Music Lesson), 1917, 50, 372, 890, 39I, 892
La Leron de piano (Piano Lesson), 1916, 78, 404, 423, 479, 743, 909,
9IO
Leda (Leda and the Swan), triptych door panel, 1946, 48, I I47, I I48, I I49
Le Lierre enfleur (Ivy in Flower), stained glass, paper cut-out, 1953, I I46,
I304
La Liseuse sur fond nair, Ia table rose (Woman Reading on a Black
Background), 1939, 982
Lorette au turban (Lorette in Turban and Yellow Vest), 1917, 874
Le Luxe I (Luxe 1), 1908, 883-886
Le Luxe II (Luxe 11) 1908, 883-886
Luxe, calme et volupte (Luxe, calme et volupte), 1904-05, 79, 352, 88 I,
882
Ma Chambre au Beau-Rivage (My Room at the Beau Rivage) 1917-18, 893
Marguerite lis ant (Marguerite Reading), 1906, 90
Les Marocains (Moroccans), 1916, 78, 505
Marquet peignant un nu dans l'atelier de Manguin (Marque! Painting a Nude
in Manguin's Studio), 1904, 475, 118I
La Mer vue a Collioure (View of the Sea, Collioure), 1906, 964
Les Mille et une nuits (A Thousand and One Nights), paper cut-out, 1950,
953, 954
Mile Luba Roudenko, four pen and ink drawings, 1939, 1347
Mme Matisse: madras rouge (Red Madras Headress: Mme Matisse), 1907,
923, 924
Moroccan sketchbook and drawings, 1912-13, 1031
La Musique (Music), 1910, 311, 346, 414, 420, 824-834, I371
La Musique (Music), 1939, 359, 889
La Nappe rose: citrons et anemones (Pink Tablecloth), 1925, 912
Nature morte, 1927-29 (Booth, Detroit), 942
Nature morte, ananas, compotier, fruits, vase d'anemones (Still Life with
Pineapple, Compote, Fruits, and Vase of Anemones), 1925, 943
Nature morte d'apres "La Desserte" de David de Heem (Variation on a Still
Life by de Heem), 1915, 78, 959, 1395
Nature morte aux asphodeles (Still Life with Asphodels), c. 1909, 1291
Nature morte bleue (Blue Still Life), 1907, 811
Nature morte aux coloquintes (Still Life with Plaster Bust), 1916, 945,
1292
Nature morte, Espagne (Spanish Still Life), 1910-11, 459, 941
INDEX OF ARlWORKS 681

Nature morte auxfruits etfleurs (Still Life with Fruits and Flowers), brush
and ink, 1947, 1044
Nature morte au geranium (Geraniums), 1915, 1347
Nature morte au pelargonium (Still Life with Geranium), 1906, 135
Nature morte: Les Pensees de Pascal (Still Life: Les Pensees de Pascal),
1924, 1285
Nature morte aux poissons rouges (Still Life with Goldfish), 1912, 944
Nature morte aux pommes (Still Life with Apples), 1916, 1347
Nature morte au tapis rouge [oriental] (Still Life with Red Rug), 1906, 90
Nature morte, Seville (Seville Still Life), 1910-11, 459, 941
Nature morte a Ia statuette (Still Life with Plaster Figure), 1906, 946
Nature morte sur table de marbre (Still Life on a Marble Table), 1941, 427
La Negresse (Negress), paper cut-out, 1953, 334
Notre Dame, fin l'apres-midi (Notre Dame in the Late Afternoon), 1902,
898
Nu (Female Nude), pen and ink, c. 1900, I 003
Nu (Male Nude), pen and ink, c. 1900, 1030
Nu assis I LeGrand bois (Seated Nude, Large Woodcut), 1906, 90, 402
Nu assis, bras derriere le dos (Seated Nude, Arms Behind Her Back), bronze,
1909, 187
Nu assis, bras /eves (Seated Nude with Arms Raised), lithograph, 1924,
1042
Nu bleu 1-IV (Blue Nude I-IV), paper cut-out, 1952, 224, 334, 809, 810
Nu bleu IV (Blue Nude IV), paper cut-out, 1952, 206, 224, 334
Nu bleu, souvenir de Biskra (Blue Nude, Souvenir of Biskra), 1907, 187,
42~ 561, 806, 807, 808
Nu couche (Reclining Nude) 1924, 922
Nu couche I (Reclining Nude/), bronze, 1927, 187, 201, 995
Nu couche, Aurore (Reclining Nude/Aurora), terra cotta), 1908, 215
Nu couche a Ia chemise (Reclining Figure with Chemise), bronze, 1906,
993, 994
Nu debout etfougere noire (Standing Nude with Black Fern), brush and ink,
1948, 1043
Nude dos 0, I, II, Ill, IV(Backs 0, I, II, Ill, IV), 1908-31, 178, 199,201,
203, 215, 986-989, 1336; Exh. cat. London 1956, Le Cateau-
Cambresis 1990
Nu rose, Grand nu couche (Pink Nude, Large Reclining Nude), 1935, 72,
305, 354
Nymphe dans laforet, Faune et verdure (Nymph in the Forest/La Verdure),
1942, 72, 206, 683
Le nymphe et le satyre (Nymph and Satyr), 1907, 1150, 1151, 137
Oceanie, le ciel (Oceania the Sky), silkscreened panel, 1946, 1152-1155
Oceanie, le mer (Oceania the Sea), silkcreened panel, 1946, 1152-1155
Odalisque assise (Seated Odalisque), 192 (ex. Clark), 936
Odalisque rouge (Odalisque in Red), 1922, 899
Odalique sur un divan rose (Woman on a Rose Divan), 1920, 980
Odalisque au tamborin (Odalisque with a Tambourine), 1925-26, 900
682 INDEX OF AR1WORKS

Le Paravent mauresque (Moorish Screen), 1921, 887

Pasiphae, book, 1944, 1033, 1034, 1035; Exh. cat. Geneva 1981,
Chicago 1982, New York 1982, Tempe 1986, Mexico 1983, Wichita
1985, Le Cateau-Cambresis 1987
Paysage: les genets (Landscape: Broom), 1905, 875
Le Peintre dans son atelier (The Painter in his Studio), 1916-17, 130, 427,
904, 905, 906
Le Peintre et son modi!le; interieur d'atelier (The Painter and his Model),
1919, 504
Petit torse (Small Torso), bronze, 1929, 215
La Perruche et la sirene (The Parakeet and the Mermaid), 1952, 309, 379,
908
Les Persiennes (French Window at Nice), 1919, 50, 845
La Piscine (The Swimming Pool), paper cut-out, 1952, 284, 314, 349, 358,
949, 950, 1002; Exh. cat. New York 1977
Les Plumes blanches (White Plumes), 1919, 965-967, 1286
Poemes de Charles d'Orleans, book, 1950, 231, 1036
Poesies Antillaises de J.-A. Nau, book, 195411972, 252
Poesies de Stephane Mallarme, book, 1932, 266, 1037, 1038, 1289; Exh.
cat. New York 1932
Les Poissons rouges (Goldfish), 1912, 427, 849
Poissons rouges: interieur (Interior with Goldfish), 1912, 130
Poissons rouges: interieur (Interior with Goldfish) [Barnes], 1912, 865
Les Poissons rouges et sculpture (Goldfish and Sculpture), 1912, 503, 850,
851, 1286
Polynesie, le ciel (Polynesia, the Sky), tapestry, 1946, 333, 358, 1150,
1151
Polynesie, le mer (Polynesia, the Sea), tapestry, 1946, 333, 358, 1156,
1157
Les Pommes (Apples), 1916, 790
Porte-fenetre a Collioure (Open Window, Collioure), 1914, 901, 902, 1352
Portrait d'Andre De rain (Portrait of Andre De rain), 1905, 913
Portrait d'Antiquaire Demotte (Portrait of the Antique Dealer Demotte),
1918, 913
Portrait d'Auguste Pellerin /I (Portrait of Auguste Pellerin II), 1917, 534.
Portrait de Greta Moll (Portrait of Greta Moll), 1908, 916, 917,918
Portrait de Greta Prozor (Portrait of Greta Prozor), 1916, 919
Portraits de Mary Hutchinson (Portraits of Mary Hutchinson), charcoal,
1936, 1039
Portraits de Mrs. Gilbert (Maude) Russell (Portraits of Mrs. Gilbert [Maud]
Russell), charcoal, 1937, I 040
Portrait de la baronne Gourgaud (Portrait of baroness Gourgaud), 1924, 1295
Portrait au visage rose et bleue (Portrait of a Face in Rose and Blue), 1937,
915
Portrait de Yvonne Landsberg (Portrait of Yvonne Landsberg), 1914, 920,
921
La Pose hindoue (The Hindu Pose), 1923, 857
INDEX OF ARlWORKS 683

Le Repos des modeles, fond ornemental et damier (The Repose of the

Model), 1928, 931
Le Reve (The Dream), oil, 1935, 141
Le Reve (The Dream), poster, 1937, 1001
Le Rifain assis (Seated Riffian), 1912-13, 50, 938
La Robe tilleul (The Yellow Dress), 1931, 465, 510
La Rose (The Rose), 1905-06, 933
Rouge et nair, L'Etrangefarandole (Red and Black, The Strange Farandole),
ballet, 1939, 1158-1162
Route a Clamart (The Road to Clamart), 1917, 932
Ruban nair (The Black Ribbon), 1922, 130 I
La Sceance de peinture (The Painting Lesson), 1918-19, 907
Le Serf (The Serf), bronze, 1903, 196, 202, 208, 994, 996
La Serpentine (Serpentine), bronze, 1909, 203, 206
Souvenir d'Oceanie (Memory of Oceania), paper cut-out, 1953, 309
La Table de marbre rose (The Rose [Pink] Marble Table), 1917, 934, 991
Tete blanche et rose (White and Pink Head), 1915, 130
Tete de Lorette aux longues boucles (Lorette with Long Locks of Hair),
1916-17, 880
Teres de Jeannette/, II, ll/, IV, V (Jeannette 1-V), bronze, 1910-1916, 201,
203, 206, 990, 991, 1222, 1366
LeThe (Tea), 1919, 607, 951, 952, 1216
Themes et variations (Themes and Variations), book, 1942, 326, 1045-
1048
Le Tiare (Tiari), bronze/ marble, /930, 198, 204, 215
Tristesse du roi (Sorrows of the King), paper cut-out, /952, 504
Les Trois soeurs (The Three Sisters Triptych), /917, 50, 956
Ulysses de James Joyce (Ulysses by James Joyce), book, /935, 1049,
1050; Exh. cat. Paris 1975
Vase de fleurs (Vase of Flowers), 1924, 960
Venus a Ia coquille /, II, (Venus in the Shell/, II), bronze, 1930, 1932,
206, 994
La Vigne (The Vine), paper cut-out, 1953, 353
Le Vis (The Winepress), paper cut-out, 1951, 969, 970
La Vague (The Wave), paper cut-out, 1952, 1354
Une Vue de Notre-Dame (View of Notre Dame, Spring), 1914, 963
Vue de Collioure, eglise (View ofCollioure with Church), /905. 961,962
684 INDEX OF AR1WORKS

Titles in English
Abduction of Europa (L'Enlevement d'Europe), 1927-29, 839, 840, 841
Acanthuses (Les Acanthes), paper cut-out, 1953, 353
Anm!lies, White Tulips and Anemones (Annelies aux tulipes blanches et
anemones), 1944, 782
Apollo (Apollon), paper cut-out, 1953, 783-789
Apollo (Apollon), ceramic mural, 1953, 1053
Apples (Les Pommes), 1916, 790
Arab Cafe (Le Cafe marocain [maure}), 1913, 505,729,791,792,
Asia (L'Asie ), 1946, 793
Backs 0, 1, 11, 111, 1V (Nude dos 0, 1, 11, 111, 1V), 1908-31, 178, 199,, 201,
203, 215, 986-989, 1336; Exh. cat. London 1956, Le Cateau-
Cambn!sis 1990
Balthazar Castiglione (Balthazar Castiglione), 1904, 794
Bather (La Baigneuse, fond bleu ), 1909, 795
Bathers by a River (Femmes a Lariviere), 1916, 165, 215, 311, 346, 404,
479, 770, 796-799, 1144, 1371, 1395
Bathers with a Turtle (Baigneuses a La tortue), 1908, 770, 800-803, 1144,
1252, 1321
Beasts of the Sea (Les Betes de La mer), paper cut-out, 1950, 320,804,805
The Black Ribbon (Ruban noir), 1922, 1301
Blue Nude 1-1V ( Nu bleu I-IV), paper cut-out, 1952, 224, 334, 809, 810
Blue Nude IV (Nu bleu IV), paper cut-out, 1952, 206, 224, 334
Blue Nude, Souvenir of Biskra (Nu bleu, souvenir de Biskra), 1907, 187,
420, 561, 806, 807, 808
Blue Still Life (Nature morte bleue ), 1907, 811
Blue Window (La Fenetre bleue), 1913, 503, 812, 813
Boy with Butterfly Net (L'Enfant au filet a papillons), 1907, 814, 815,
1196
Carmelina (Carmelina), 1903-04, 504, 1181
The {Lorraine] Chair with Peaches (La Chaise [Lorraine] aux peches), 1919,
654, 816
Chapel of the Rosary at Vence (LaChapelle du Rosaire de Vence), 1951,
236, 483, 528, 550, 788, 1061-1136; Exh. cat. New York 1976
Circus (Le Cirque), printfrom "Jazz," 1947, 999
The Coiffure (La Coiffure), 1907, 420, 817, 818
Conservatory (Jardin d'hiver), 1938, 305, 1321
The Conversation (La Conversation), 1909-12, 504, 567, 699, 819, 820
Dance ( 1), decorative panel (La Danse ( 1), esquisse de paneau decoratif ),
1909, 821, 822, 823
Dance 2 (La Danse [2]), 1910, 130, 311, 346, 750, 824-834
The Dance (La Danse), unfinished mural, 1931, 157, 465, 1137-1145
The Dance (La Danse), Barnes mural, 1932-33, 1137-1145
The Dance (La Danse), reworked Barnes mural now in Paris, 1933, 1137-
1145
Dancer (Danseuse), paper cut-out, 1949, 314
INDEX OF AR1WORKS 685

Dancer Resting in an Armchair (Danseuse reposant dans un fauteuil),

charcoal, /939, 1000
Decorative Figure on an Ornamental Ground (Figure [nu] decorative sur fond
ornamental), 1926, 430, 638, 647, 654,
The Dinner Table (La Desserte), 1897, 835-838, 852
The Dream (Le Reve), oil, /935, 141
The Dream (Le Reve), poster, 1937, 1001
Europa and the Bull (L'Enlevement d'Europe), 1927-29, 839, 840, 841
Female Nude (Nu), pen and ink, c. 1900, 1003
Festival of Flowers (Fete des fleurs), /923, 842
Une Fete de Cimmerie, book, 1963, 252, 1005, 1006
Florilege des Amours de Pierre Ronsard, book, /948, 1009-1013
Flowering tree (Arbre en fleur), mural scroll, 1948, I 054
Flowers and Ceramic Plate (Fleurs et ceramique), 1913, 843, 844
Flowers of Evil by Baudelaire (Les Fleurs du mal), book, I946, 1007, 1008
French Window at Nice (Les Persiennes), I9I9, 50, 845
Game of Dominoes (Les Joueuses de dominos), I9I9-20, 846
Geraniums (Nature morte au geranium), 19I5, 1347
Girl Reading ( Interieur a Ia filette I La Lecture), 1905-06, 847, 848
Girl with Sunshade (Jeunefille a l'ombrelle), 1921, 1314
Girl with Tulips (Jeune fille aux tulipes; Jeanne Vaderin), 19IO, 284, I 002
Goldfish (Les Poissons rouges), I 9 I 2, 427, 849
Goldfish and Sculpture (Les Poissons rouges et sculpture), I9I2, 503, 850,
851' 1286
Harmony in Red (Harmonie rouge I La Desserte), I908, 699, 750, 852, 853
Harmony in Yellow (Harmonie jaune), I928, 854, 855, 856
The Hindu Pose (La Pose hindoue), I923, 857
"The Hunt" after A.Carracci (La Chasse), 1894-95, 90
The Idol (L'Idole), /905-06, 858
Interior at Nice (Interieur a Nice), I9/9, 859, 860
Interior at Nice, The Siesta ( lnterieur a Nice, le sieste), 1922, 1309
Interior with Black Notebook (Interieur au cahier noir), I9I8, 861
Interior with Eggplants (Interieur aux aubergines), 1911, 890, 130, 697.
862
Interior with Egyptian Curtain (/nterieur au rideau egyptien), I948, 863
Interior with Etruscan Vase (lnterieur au vase etrusque), I940, 864
Interior with Goldfish (Poissons rouges: interieur) [Barnes}, 19I2, 865
Interior with a Goldfish Bowl (Boca! de poissons rouges, interieur), 19I4,
130, 1295
Interior with Violin ( Interieur au violin), 19 I 8, 504
Italian Girl (L'Italienne), I9I6, 420
Ivy in Flower (Le Lierre enfleur), stained glass, paper cut-out, I953, 1146,
1304
Jazz, book, 1947, 125, 126, 174, 231, 321, 334, 349, 462, 1014-1028;
Exh. cat. Paris 1947, Rio de Janiero 1947, New York 1948, New York
1960, Huntington 1979, Paris 1979, Paris 1985
686 INDEX OF AR1WORKS

Jeannette 1-V (Tetes de Jeannette I, II, 1/1, IV, V), bronze, 1910-1916, 201,
203, 206, 990, 991, 1222, 1366
Joy of Life (Bonheur de vivre), 1905-06, 50, 79, 372, 374, 750, 866-874,
1199, 1233, 1268
Landscape: Broom (Paysage: les genets), 1905, 875
Large Decoration with Masks (Grand Decoration aux masques), paper cut-
out, 1953, 349, 675, 1119
Large Red Interior (Grand interieur rouge), 1948, 540, 876, 877, 878
Large Seated Nude (Grand nu assis), bronze, 1925-29, 992, 1321
Leda and the Swan (Leda), triptych door panel, 1946, 48, 1147, 1148, 1149
Lorette in Turban and Yellow Vest (Lorette au turban), 1917, 879
Lorette with Long Locks of Hair (Tete de Lorette aux tongues boucles),
1916-17, 880
Luxe I (Le Luxe/), 1908, 883-886
Luxe II (Le Luxe If), 1908, 883-886
Luxe, calme et volupte (Luxe, calme et volupte), 1904-05, 79, 352, 881,
882
Male figure study (Academie de l'homme), c.1900, 781
Male model, Bevilaqua (L'Homme nu), oil, c.1900, 202
Male Nude (Nu), pen and ink, c. 1900, 1030
Marguerite Reading (Marguerite lisant), 1906, 90
Marquet Painting a Nude in Manguin's Studio (Marquet peignant un nu dans
!'atelier de Manguin), 1904, 475, 1181
Memory of Oceania (Souvenir d'Oceanie), 1953, 309
Mile Luba Roudenko, four pen and ink drawings, 1939, 1347
Moorish Screen (Le Paravent mauresque), 1921, 887
Moroccan Garden I Periwinkles (Jardin marocain/ Les Pervenches), 1912.
888
Moroccans (Les Marocains), 1916, 78, 505
Moroccan sketchbook and drawings, 1912-13, 1031
Motorcar (Compartiment de non-fumeurs), pen and ink, 1934, 1032
Music (La Musique), 1910, 311, 346, 414, 420, 824-834, 1371
Music (La Musique), 1939, 359, 889
Music Lesson (La Leron de musique), 1917, 50, 372, 890, 891, 892
My Room at the Beau Rivage (Ma Chambre au Beau-Rivage), 1917-18, 893
Nasturtiums with "The Dance" I (Capucines a "La Dance" 1), 1912, 603,
894
Nasturtiums with "The Dance" 2 (Capucines a "La Dance" 2), 1912, 699,
895, 896, 897
Negress (La Negresse), paper cut-out, 1953, 334
Nightmare of the White Elephant (Cauchemare de /'elephant blanc), print IV
from "Jazz", 1947, 1029
Notre Dame in the late Afternoon (Notre Dame, fin l'apres-midi), 1902, 898
Nymph and Satyr (Le nymphe et le satyre), 1907, 1150, 1151, 1371
Nymph in the Forest/La Verdure (Nymphe dans laforet, Faune et verdure),
1942, 72, 206, 683
Oceania the Sea (Oceanie, le mer), silkcreened panel, 1946, 1152-1155
INDEX OF AR1WORKS 687

Oceania the Sky (Ocianie, le ciel), silkscreened panel, 1946, 1152-1155

Odalisque in Red (Odalisque rouge), 1922, 899
Odalisque with a Tambourine (Odalisque au tamborin), 1925-26, 900
Open Window, Collioure (Porte-fenetre a Collioure), 1914, 901,902, 1352
Open Window, Tangiers (Fenetre ouverte a Tanger), 1912-13, 903
The Painter and his Model (Le Peintre et son modele; interieur d'atelier),
1919, 504
The Painter in his Studio (Le Peintre dans son atelier), 1916-17, 130, 427,
904, 905, 906
The Painter's Family (La Famille du peintre), 1911, 339, 504, 697
The Painting Lesson (La Sceance de peinture), 1918-19, 907
The Parakeet and the Mermaid (La Perruche et Ia sirene), 1952, 309, 379,
908
Pasiphae, book, 1944, 1033, 1034, 1035; Exh. cat. Geneva 1981,
Chicago 1982, New York 1982, Mexico 1983, Wichita 1985, Tempe
1986, Le Cateau-Cambn!sis 1987
Piano Lesson (La Lq:on de piano), 1916, 78, 404, 423, 479, 743, 909,
910
Pineapple (Ananas), 1948, 1298
Pink Nude, Large Reclining Nude (Nu rose, Grand nu couche), 1935, 72,
305, 354
Pink Shrimp (Les Crevettes roses), 1920, 911, 1286
Pink Studio (L'Atelier rose), 1911, 341, 503
Pink Tablecloth (La Nappe rose: citrons et anemones), 1925, 912
Poemes de Charles d'Or/eans, book, 1950, 1036
Poesies Antillaises de 1.-A. Nau, book, 195411972, 252
Poesies de Stephane Mallarme, book, 1932, 266, 1037, 1038, 1289; Exh.
cat. New York 1932
Polynesia, the Sea ( Polynesie, le mer), tapestry, 1946, 333, 358, 1156,
1157
Polynesia, the Sky ( Polynesie, le cie/), tapestry, 1946, 333, 358, 1156,
1157
Portrait of Andre De rain (Portrait d'Andre De rain), 1905, 913
Portrait of the Antique Dealer Demotte (Portrait d'Antiquaire Demotte ).
1918, 914
Portrait of Auguste Pellerin 11 (Portrait d'Auguste Pellerin 11 ), 1917. 534.
Portrait of a Face in Rose and Blue (Portrait au visage rose et bleue), 1937,
915
Portrait of Greta Moll (Portrait de Greta Moll), 1908, 916,917,918
Portrait of Greta Prozor (Portrait de Greta Prozor), 1916, 919
Portraits of Mary Hutchinson (Portraits de Mary Hutchinson), charcoal,
1936, I 039
Portraits of Mrs. Gilbert (Maud) Russell (Portraits de Mrs. Gilbert [Maude]
Russell), charcoal, 1937, I 040
Portrait of the baroness Gourgaud (Portrait de Ia baronne Gourgaud ), 1924,
1295
688 INDEX OF ARlWORKS

Portrait of Yvonne Landsberg (Portrait de Yvonne Landsberg), 1914, 920,

921
Reclining Figure with Chemise (Nu couche a Ia chemise), bronze, 1906,
993, 994
Reclining Nude/Aurora (Nu couche, Aurore), terra cotta), 1908, 215
Reclining Nude 1 (Nu couche 1}, bronze, 1927, 187, 201,995
Reclining Nude (Nu couche) 1924, 922
Red and Black, The Strange Farandole (Rouge et nair, L'Etrangefarandole),
ballet, 1939, 1158-1162
Red Madras Headress: Mme Matisse (Mme Matisse: madras rouge), 1907,
923, 924
The Red Studio (L'Atelier rouge), 1911, 78, 503, 683, 925-930, 1371
The Repose of the Model (Le Repos des modeles, fond ornemental et
damier), 1928, 931
The Road to Clamart (Route a Clamart), 1917, 932
The Romanian Blouse (La Blouse roumaine), 1940, 72, 1041
The Rose (La Rose), /905-06, 933
The Rose (Pink) Marble Table (La Table de marbre rose), 1917, 934,991
Rose Window ( Fenetre [Rosace] de Abby Aldrich Rockefeller), 1954, I051,
1052
Sailor 1 and 11 (LeJeune marin 1 et 11 }, 1906, 443, 935
Seated ballet dancer (Danseuse assise), lithograph, 1927, 1301
Seated Nude, Large Woodcut (Nu assis I LeGrand bois), 1906, 90,402
Seated Nude, Arms Behind Her Back (Nu assis, bras derriere le dos), bronze,
1909, 187
Seated Nude with Arms Raised (Nu ass is, bras /eves). lithograph, 1924,
1042
Seated Odalisque (Odalisque assise), 1923 (ex. Clark), 936
Seated Odalisque, Raised Knee (Le genou !eve), 1922, 937
Seated Riffian (Le Rifain assis). 1912-13, 50,938
Self-portrait (Autoportrait), 1906, · 683
The Serf (Le Serf), bronze, 1903, 196, 202, 208, 994, 996
Serpentine (La Serpentine), bronze. 1901, 203, 206
Seville Still Life (Nature morte, Seville}, 1910-11, 459, 941
The Sheaf (Le Gerbe), ceramic mural, 1953, 1163; Exh. cat. Paris 1954
Small Torso (Petit torse), bronze, 1929, 215
The Snail (L'Escargot), paper cut-out, 1953, 334, 939, 940
Snow Flowers ( Fleurs de neige), paper cut-out, 1951, 334
Song (La Chant), overmantel mural, 1938, 72, 305, 359, 1164, 1165
Song of the Nightingale (Chant de Rossignol), ballet, 1919, 521, 1055-
1060; Exh. cat. London 1968, Strasbourg 1969, Jerusalem 1991
Sorrows of the King (Tristesse du roi), paper cut-out, 1952, 504
Spanish Still Life (Nature morte, Espagne), 1910-11, 459, 941
Standing Nude with Black Fern (Nude bout et fougere noire), brush and ink,
1948, 1043
Stations of the Cross (Chemin de Croix), 1951, 380, 1105, 1121, 1166
INDEX OF ARlWORKS 689

The Strange Farandole, Red and Black (L'Etrange farandole, Rouge et nair),
1939, 1158-1162
Still Life (Nature morte), 1927-29 (Booth, De trail}, 942
Still Life: Les Pensees de Pascal (Nature morte: Les Pensees de Pascal),
1924, 1285
Still Life with Asphodels (Nature morte aux asphodl!les), c./909, 1291
Still Life with Apples (Nature morte aux pommes), 1916, 1347
Still Life with Fruits and Flowers (Nature morte auxfruits etfleurs}, brush
and ink, 1947, 1044
Still Life with Geranium (Nature morte au pelargonium), 1906, 1350
Still Life with Goldfish (Nature morte aux poissons rouges), 1912, 944
Still Life on a Marble Table (Nature morte sur table de marbre), 1941, 427
Still Life with Phonograph (lnterieur au phonographe), 1924, 504, 1286,
1304
Still Life with Pineapple, compote, fruits, and vase of anemones (Nature
morte, ananas, compotier, fruits, vase d'anemones}, 1925, 943
Still Life with Plaster Bust (Nature morte aux coloquintes), 1916, 945,
1292
Still Life with Plaster Figure (Nature morte a Ia statuette), 1906, 946
Still Life with Red Rug (Nature morte au tapis rouge [oriental]), 1906, 90
Studio, Quai Saint-Michel (L'Atelier du quai Saint-Michel), 1916-17, 790,
947, 948
Study of a Woman in Front of a Drape (Etude d'une femme devant une
draperie}, charcoal, 1909, 1308
The Swimming Pool (La Piscine}, paper cut-out, 1952, 284, 314, 349, 358,
949, 950, 1002; Exh. cat. New York 1977
Tea (LeThe), 1919, 607, 951, 952,
Themes and Variations (Themes et variations), book, 1942, 326, I 045-
1048
A Thousand and One Nights ( Les Mille et une nuits), paper cut-out, 1950,
953, 954
Three Bathers ( Baignade), 1907, 955
The Three Sisters Triptych (Les Trois soeurs), 1917, 50, 956
Tiari (Le Tiare). bronze/ marble, 1930, 198, 204, 215
Two Girls in a Yellow and Red Interior (Deux fillettes, fond jaune et rouge),
1947, 556, 957
Two Negresses (Deux negresses}, bronze, 1907, 206, 997, 998
Two Rays (Grande falaise: les deux raies), 1920, 958
Two Women on a Balcony (Deux femmes sur une terrasse [balcon]), 1921,
1300
Ulysses by James Joyce (Ulysses de James Joyce), book, 1935, 1049,
1050; Exh. cat. Paris 1975
Variation on a Still Life by de Heem (Nature morte d'apres "La Desserte" de
David de Heem), 1915, 78, 959, 1395
Vase of Flowers (Vase de fleurs), 1924 960
Venus in the Shell I, II (Venus a Ia coquille/, //,), bronze, 1930//932,
206, 994
690 INDEX OF AR1WORKS

View of Collioure with Church (Vue de Collioure, eglise), 1905, 961, 962
View of Notre Dame, Spring (Une Vue de Notre-Dame), 1914, 963
View of the Sea, Collioure (La Mer vue a Collioure), 1906, 964
The Vine (La Vigne), paper cut-out, 1953, 353
The Wave (La Vague), paper cut-out, 1952, 1355
White and Pink Head (Tete cbanche et rose), 1915, 130
White Plumes (Les Plumes blanches), 1919, 965, 966, 967, 1286
The Window (La Fenetre), 1916, 684, 968
The Winepress (Le Vis), paper cut-out, 1951, 969, 970
Woman and Goldfish Bowl (Femme a Ia bowl des poissons), 1921, 971,
972
Woman Before an Aquarium (Femme devant un aquarium), 1923, 973-977
Woman in Blue Dress (La Grande robe bleue et mimosas), 1937, 72,698,
978
Woman in Blue Gandurah (Femme a Ia gandoura bleue), 1950, 979
Woman in a Yellow Armchair (Femme assise dans une fauteuil jaune), 1940,
1314
Woman on a High Stool (Femme au taboret), 1914, 654
Woman on a Rose Divan (Odalique sur un divan rose), 1920, 980
Woman Reading at a Dressing Table (1nterieur, Nice), 1919, 981
Woman Reading on a Black Background (La Lise use sur fond noir, Ia table
rose), 1939, 982
Woman Seated by a Window (Femme assise devant unefenetre), 1918-19,
983
Woman Standing in Front of the Window (Femme debout devant une
fenetre), 1919, 1349, 1350
Woman with the Hat (La Femme au chapeau), 1905, 739,984, 1297
Women and Monkeys (Femmes et singes), paper cut-out, 1952, 349
Yellow and Blue interior (1nterieur jaune et bleu), 1946, 985
The Yellow Dress (La Robe tilleul), 1931, 463, 510