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CH 6702 - Transport Phenomena
Dr. D. Balaji
Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
balajid@ssn.edu.in
CH6702 TRANSPORT PHENOMENA LTPC
3 00 3
UNIT I TRANSPORT PHENOMENA BY MOLECULAR MOTION 9
Importance of transport phenomena; analogous nature of transfer process; basic concepts,
conservation laws; continuous concept, field, reference frames, substantial derivative and boundary
conditions; methods of analysis; differential, integral and experimental methods.
Phenomenological laws of transport properties Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids; rheological
models; theories of transport properties of gases and liquids; effect of pressure and temperature.
UNIT II ONE DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT IN LAMINAR FLOW

(SHELL BALANCE) 12
General method of shell balance approach to transfer problems; Choosing the shape of the shell;
most common boundary conditions; momentum flux and velocity distribution for flow of
Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in pipes for flow of Newtonian fluids in planes, slits and
annulus heat flux and temperature distribution for heat sources such as electrical, nuclear viscous
and chemical; forced and free convection; mass flux and concentration profile for diffusion in
stagnant gas, systems involving reaction and forced convection.
UNIT III EQUATIONS OF CHANGE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 14

Conservation laws and equations of change; Development of equations of continuity motion and
energy in single multicomponent systems in rectangular co-ordinates and the forms in curvilinear
co-ordinates; simplified forms of equations for special cases, solutions of momentum mass and
heat transfer problems discussed under shell balance by applications of equation of change, scale
factors; applications in scale-up
UNIT IV TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT AND BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW 6

Turbulence phenomena; phenomenological relations for transfer fluxes; time smoothed equations
of change and their applications for turbulent flow in pipes; boundary layer theory; laminar and
turbulent hydrodynamics thermal and concentration boundary layer and their thicknesses; analysis
of flow over flat surface.
UNIT V ANALOGIES BETWEEN TRANSPORT PROCESSES 4

Importance of analogy; development and applications of analogies between momentum and mass
transfer; Reynolds, Prandtl, Von Karman and Colbum analogies.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
• R.B. Bird, W.E. Stewart and E.W. Lightfoot,

“Transport Phenomena”, John Wiley, II
Edition 2006.
• Robert, S Brodkey, Harry C. Hershey,

“Transport Phenomena A Unified
Approach”, Brodkey Publishing 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
• L.S.Sissom, and D.R.Pitts,
“Elements of Transport
Phenomena”, McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1972.
• R.W.Fahien, “Elementary Transport

Phenomena”, McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1983.
• J.R. Welty, R.W. Wilson, and

C.W.Wicks, Rorer G.E, Wilson R.W.
“Fundamentals of Momentum Heat
and Mass Transfer”, V Edn. John
Wiley, New York, 2007.
Analogies of transport properties
• Transport phenomena is the integrated study of
these three physical properties—they intertwine under many
circumstances.
• Generally, since concentration and temperature are scalar
quantities, analogies between mass and heat transport are more
valid than those with momentum.
• Nevertheless, with proper definitions, the transports of these
quantities all depend on transport coefficients with
the units of [length2/time]—kinematic viscosity, diffusivity, and
thermal diffusivity. This is why kinematic
viscosity is also called momentum diffusivity
• The flux laws of these quantities—Newton's law of viscosity, Fick's
law, and Fourier's law—all share the same linear constitutive
equation.
. For
Plot showing the relative thickness in the

Thermal boundary layer versus the Velocity
boundary layer (in green) for various
Prandtl Numbers.
, the two are equal
• Equation 4.34 is known as Reynolds’s analogy.
The above relation may also be written in terms
of the Darcy’s friction factor (fD) instead of
fanning friction factor (fD = 4f) Where Stanton
number (St) is defined as
• The advantage of the analogy lies in that

the h may not be available for certain
geometries/situations however, for which f value
may be available as it is easier to perform
momentum transport experiments and then to
calculate the f. Thus by using the eq.4.34
the h may be found out without involving into
the exhaustive and difficult heat transfer
experiments.
The Chilton-Colburn analogy
• The Reynolds analogy does not always give satisfactory results.

Thus, Chilton and Colburn experimentally modified the Reynolds’
analogy. The empirically modified Reynolds’ analogy is known as
Chilton-Colburn analogy and is given by
• It can be noted that for unit Prandtl number the Chilton-Colburn

analogy becomes Reynolds analogy.
The Pradntl analogy
• In the turbulent core the transport is mainly by eddies and near
the wall, that is laminar sub-layer, the transport is by molecular
diffusion. Therefore, Prandtl modified the above two analogies
using universal velocity profile while driving the analogy (eq.
4.36).
The Van Karman analogy
• Though Prandtl considered the laminar and turbulent laminar

sublayers but did not consider the buffer zone. Thus, Van Karman
included the buffer zone into the Prandtl analogy to further
improve the analogy.

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CH 6702 - Transport Phenomena

UNIT II ONE DIMENSIONAL TRANSPORT IN LAMINAR FLOW

UNIT III EQUATIONS OF CHANGE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 14

UNIT IV TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT AND BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW 6

UNIT V ANALOGIES BETWEEN TRANSPORT PROCESSES 4

• R.B. Bird, W.E. Stewart and E.W. Lightfoot,

• Robert, S Brodkey, Harry C. Hershey,

• R.W.Fahien, “Elementary Transport

• J.R. Welty, R.W. Wilson, and

Plot showing the relative thickness in the

• The advantage of the analogy lies in that

• The Reynolds analogy does not always give satisfactory results.

• It can be noted that for unit Prandtl number the Chilton-Colburn

• Though Prandtl considered the laminar and turbulent laminar

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