Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation

Learning Activity

1min ANNOUNCEMENT
OF THE TOPIC: I
am……..and I am
going to discuss the
topic
“KANGAROO
MOTHER CARE”

2mins Introduce the INTRODUCTION Student teacher

topic. introduces the topic
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a special method of care for low birth weight
(<2500gm) babies. As the name suggests Kangaroo Mother Care consists of keeping
the baby in close skin-to-skin contact with his/her mother as practiced by female
kangaroo animal for their babies. It benefits the baby by Keeping the baby warm,
Promoting and sustaining breastfeeding, decreasing risk of infection, Promoting
bonding between baby and mother.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

1min Define kangaroo DEFINITION: Student teacher What is kangaroo

mother care. defines the topic. mother care?
Kangaroo Mother Care is defined as the practice of providing continuous skin-to-skin
contact between mother and baby, exclusive breastmilk feeding, and early discharge
from the hospital.

Kangaroo mother care is a special way of caring low birth weight (LBW). infant by
skin to skin contact. It promotes their health and welling by effective thermal control,
breastfeeding and bonding. KMC is initiated in hospital and continued at home. The
aspect of KMC are:
1. Position
2. Nutrition
3. Follow up

KMC has two essential components

Skin to skin contact: Early, continuous and prolonged skin-to-skin contact between the
mother and the baby is the basic feature of KMC. The infant is placed on her mother’s
chest between the breasts.

Exclusive breastfeeding: The baby on KMC is breastfed exclusively. Skin-to-skin

contact promotes breast milk production and enables the small baby to learn to suck
quickly. Intimate physical contact during KMC strengthens the emotional bonding
between the mother and the baby.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

PRE-REQUISITES OF KMC

1. SUPPORT TO THE MOTHER: mother need to support in Hospital and home

from care-giver and family members. Counseling and supervision should be
provided to the mother by the health personnel in hospital where mother
required more assistance and co-operation from her family member at home.

POST DISCHARGE FOLLOW UP:

KMC should continue at home after discharge from hospital. For safe and
successful KMC at home, a regular follow up should be arranged to solve problem
and to evaluate health status of the infant.

Explain the ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR KMC FOR BABY:

eligibility criteria Student teacher Which babies are
for KMC o All stable LBW babies are eligible for KMC. Useful for those babies weighing explains the the eligible for
below 2000gm. eligibility criteria KMC?
In a stable baby, KMC can be initiated Soon after birth. for KMC
o KMC start after the baby is hemodynamically stable.
o Sick LBW infants may take a few days to initiate KMC.
o Infants of birth weight less than 1200 g with serious pre-maturity related
morbidity may take days to weeks to allow initiation of KMC.
o KMC can be initiated who is otherwise stable but may still be on IV fluid
therapy, tube feeding and O2 therapy.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

For Mothers:

o All mothers can provide KMC irrespective of age, parity, education, culture
and religion.
o Mother should be free of serious illness and able to take adequate diets and
supplements recommended by her doctor.
o She must be willing to provide KMC to her baby.
o She should maintain good hygiene, daily bath/sponge, change of clothes, short
and clean finger nails, etc.
o She should have supportive family and community to be encouraged to
continue KMC to her baby.

Mother’s clothing
o Mother should wear front-open, light dress, as per local culture. Mothers can
wear sari-blouse, gown, shawl, etc.

5mins Explain the BENEFITS OF KMC:

benefits of KMC  KMC help in thermal control and metabolism and reduce risk of hypothermia. Student teacher What are the
 KMC results in increased duration and rate of breastfeeding. explains the benefits of KMC?
 KMC satisfies all five senses of the infant. Baby feels warmth of the mother benefits of KMC
through skin to skin contact(touch), listen to mother voice and heart
beat(hearing), sucks the breast to feed(taste), smells the mother’s odor
(olfaction) and makes eye contact with mother(vision).
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

 During KMC, the baby has more regular breathing and less predisposition to
apnea.
 KMC protests against nosocomial infection and reduces incidence of severe
illness including pneumonia during infancy.
 Daily weight gain is slightly better with KMC; thus, duration of hospital stay
may be reduced. LBW baby receiving KMC, could be discharged from the
hospital earlier than conventional care.
 KMC facilitates better mother- infant bondage due to significantly less stress
during kangarooing than the incubator care of the baby.
 KMC is one of the best methods of transporting small babies by keeping them
in continuous skin-to-skin with mother or family member.
 Mother feel increased confidence, self-esteem, sense of fulfillment and deep
satisfaction with KMC.
 KMC is not require any addition staff compared to incubator care.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

10 Explain the KMC PROCEDURE Student teacher How is KMC

mins procedure of KMC explains the done?
to the mother Kangaroo Positioning procedure of KMC.

- The baby should be placed between the mother’s breast in an upright position.

- Baby’s head should be turned to one side and in a slightly extended position
which helps to keep the airway open and allow eye to eye contact between baby
and the mother.

- Baby’s hip should be flexed and abducted in a froglike position. The arms
should also be flexed and placed on mother’s chest.

- Baby’s abdomen should be placed at the level of mother’s epigastrium.

- This position helps to reduce the occurrence of apnea, as mother’s breathing
and heartbeat stimulate the baby. Baby can be supported with a sling or
especially.

Monitoring During KMC

- During initial stages of KMC the baby should be monitored for airway, color
and temperature.

- Hands and feet should be examined to access the warmth. Airway must be kept
clear with regular breathing, normal skin color and temperature.

- Baby’s neck position should be neither too flexed nor too extended,
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

Feeding

- Mother needs help to breast feed her baby during KMC. Holding the baby near
the breast stimulates milk production and the kangaroo position makes the
breastfeeding easier.
- Baby could be fed with paladai, spoon and tube depending upon the baby’s
condition.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO MOTHER

• Mother needs motivation to continue KMC.

• She should be encouraged to ask questions to remove anxieties.

Privacy

Privacy should be maintained to avoid unnecessary exposure on the part of the mother
which makes her nervous.

Time of Initiation of KMC

- KMC should be initiated gradually with a smooth transition from conventional

care to continuous KMC.
- KMC can be started as soon as the baby is stable in the neonatal care unit.
- Short KMC sessions can be initiated during recovery with on-going medical
treatment, i.e. IV fluid, O2 therapy, etc.
- KMC can be provided while the baby is with gavage feeding.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

Duration of KMC

 Duration of KMC should not be less than 1 hour to avoid frequent handling
which may be stressful to the baby.
 Gradually the length of KMC sessions should be increased up to 24 hours a
day. Interruption only can be done for changing of diapers.
 KMC should be continued in postnatal ward and home.
 It may not be possible for mother to provide KMC prolonged period in the
beginning. Encourage her to increase the duration each time to provide KMC as
long as possible.
 When mother is not available then other family members such as father,
grandfather, aunty can provide KMC.

Position of mother during KMC

 Mother can sleep with baby in KMC position in a reclined or semi-recumbent

position about 15 to 30 degree from above the ground.
 A comfortable chair with adjustable back may be useful to provide KMC
during sleep and rest at ward or home.
 Adjustable bed or several pillows or an ordinary bed can be used to maintain
the position, which usually decreased the risk of apnea of the baby.
 Supporting garment can be used to carry the baby in kangaroo position during
sleep and rest.
 Father and family members can provide KMC to relieve the mother during and
rest.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity

Summary:

I will therefore summarize the topic as I have discussed about the introduction,
definition, eligibility criteria, benefits for mother and the baby.

Conclusion

I hope that you have understood my topic.

Bibliography:

• Wong’s, Essential of Pediatric Nursing, Second Edition, Elsiever.

• Dutta Parul, Pediatric Nursing, second edition, Jaypee Publishers.
PREVIOUS KNOWLWDGE OF THE STUDENTS:
Students may have some knowledge about the Cerebrospinal fluid.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

- Introduce the topic.

- Define Kangaroo Mother Care
- Explain the eligibility criteria for KMC.
- Explain the benefits of KMC.
- Explain the procedure of KMC to the mother.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:

Group point of view:

At the end of the teaching session the group will be able to

 Gain knowledge about the topic lumbar puncture.
 Able to assess the conditions in the clinical areas.

Student teacher point of view:

 Teach the group effectively.

 Realize the cognitive functions.
 Develop and improve professional efficiency.
Time Specific Objective Content Teaching and Evaluation
Learning Activity