Linear

Programming

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Management Science
✓ is a broad interdisciplinary study of
solving problems and decision making
in human, organizations, with strong
links to management, economics,
business, engineering, management
consulting, and other fields.
✓ helps businesses to achieve goals using
various scientific methods.
✓ One of the scientific methods is Linear
Programming.
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Linear Programming
✓ refers to planning through the use of a
linear relationship of the variables
involved
✓ it applies mathematical techniques to
find the best possible solution to
problems in spite of limited resources

✓ it helps maximize profit and minimize

cost without violating the limitation or
restrictions of variables
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Methods in Solving LP
1) Graphical Method
2) Simplex Method

Definition
OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS– it is a
mathematical expression introduced by
the word maximize or minimize
CONSTRAINTS – limitation or
restrictions and introduced by the word
subject to
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Types of Constraints
A. Capacity constraints
These are limitations on the amount of
equipment, space, warehouses and etc.
B. Market constraints
These are limitations on the market size
or the number of potential buyers.
C. Availability constraints
These are limitations on the available raw
materials, labour, funds, or other resources.

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Types of Constraints
D. Quality or Blending constraints
These are limitations on the mixes of
ingredients, usually defining the output of
products.

E. Production Technology or Material Balance

Constraints
These are limitations that define the
output of some processes as the function
of inputs, often loss or scrap.

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Definition
OPTIMUM SOLUTION – it makes the
objective function as large as possible
(maximization process) and as small as
possible (minimization process)
FEASIBLE SOLUTION – set of all points
in the graph satisfying the constraints

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Steps in Linear Programming
1) Represent the unknown value in the problem by a
variable. If necessary, tabulate the data to form
mathematical sentences.

2) Formulate the objective function and constraints.

3) Graph the constraints to determine the feasible
region.
4) Solve the coordinates of the intersecting lines.
5) Substitute the coordinates at the vertices of the
feasible region in the objective function.
6) From the values of coordinates at the vertices, the
decision will rely on either the highest or lowest value.
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Example #1
Q & Q Inc., a manufacturer of photographic
products, prepares two types of film developers
each day: fine and extra fine, using solutions A
and B as raw material. Suppose that each quart
of fine contains 2 oz of solution A and 1 oz of
solution B while each quart of extra fine
contains 1 oz of solution A and 2 oz of solution B.
Suppose also that the profit is P80 for each
quart of fine and P100 for each quart of extra
fine. If the firm has 50 oz of solution A and 70 oz
of solution B available each day, how many
quarts of fine and how many quarts of extra
fine should be made daily to maximize the
profit? Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Solution:
Step 1: Represent the unknown value
Let:
x = the number of quarts of fine to be made
y = the number of quarts extra fine to be made

Solutions Fine Extra Fine Constraints

A 2x y ≤ 50
B x 2y ≤ 70

Profit 80x 100y Maximize

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Solution:
Step 2: Objective Function and Constraints
Objective Function
Maximize: P = 80x + 100y
Constraints
(the restrictions that must be satisfied)
Subject to:
2x + y ≤ 50
x + 2y ≤ 70
x≥0
y≥0

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Solution:
Step 3: Graph
2x + y = 50 Constraints x + 2y = 70
x 0 2x + y ≤ 50 x 0
y 50 x + 2y ≤ 70 y 35
x≥0
x 25 y≥0 x 70
y 0 y 0
(0, 50) x=0 (0, 35)
(25, 0) y=0 (70, 0)

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

 Solution:
Step 4: Solve the coordinates of the intersecting lines
-2( 2x + y = 50) -4x - 2y = -100
x + 2y = 70 x + 2y = 70
-3x = -30
x = 10
x + 2y = 70
(10, 30) 10 + 2y = 70
2y = 70 - 10
2y = 60
y = 30

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Solution:
Step 5: Substitute the coordinates
(Maximize the objective function of 80x +100y to
the different vertices of the graph)

Vertices Value of P = 80x + 100y

(0, 0) 0

(0, 35) 3,500

(10, 30) 3,800

(25, 0) 2,000

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Solution:
Step 6: Decision Making
The manufacturer must make 10 quarts
of fine solution and 30 quarts of extra fine
solution each day to have a maximum
profit of P3,800 per day.

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Example #2
The Elite Fertilizer Company has two plants
where the products are made. In a week, plant
A can make at most 30 tons of fertilizers and
plant B can make at most 40 tons. The
production manager wants to make a total of
at least 50 tons of fertilizers per week. The
amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere
over the nearby town is measured weekly and
found out to be 20 pounds for each tons of
product made in plant A and 30 pounds for
each tons of product made in plant B. How
many tons should be made weekly in each plant
to minimize the total amount of particulate
matter in the atmosphere?
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Solution:
Step 1: Represent the unknown value
Let:
x = the number of tons of product made in plant A/week
y = the number of tons of product made in plant B/week

Plant A Plant B Constraints

x ≤ 30
y ≤ 40

x y ≥ 50

20x 30y Minimize

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Solution:
Step 1: Represent the unknown value
Let:
x = the number of tons of product made in plant A/week
y = the number of tons of product made in plant B/week
Step 2: Objective Function and Constraints
Objective Function
Minimize: P = 20x + 30y
Constraints
x + y ≥ 50
x ≤ 30
y ≤ 40
x≥0
y≥0 Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Solution:
Step 3: Graph
Constraints x + y = 50
x + y ≥ 50 x 0
x ≤ 30 y 50 x = 30
y ≤ 40 y = 40
x≥0 x 50 x=0
y≥0 y=0
y 0
(0, 50)
(50, 0)

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Solution:
Step 4: Solve the coordinates of the intersecting lines
x + y = 50 Line a
x = 30 Line b
y = 40 Line c
Line a and c Line a and b Line b and c
x + y = 50 x + y = 50 x = 30
y = 40 x = 30
y = 40
x + 40 = 50 30 + y = 50
(30, 40)
x = 10 y = 20
(10, 40) (30, 20)
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Solution:
Step 5: Substitute the coordinates
(Minimize the objective function of 20x
+30y to the different vertices of the graph)

Vertices Value of P = 20x + 30y

(10, 40) 1,400
(30, 40) 1,800
(30, 20) 1,200

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

Solution:
Step 6: Decision Making
The Elite Fertilizer Company should
produce 30 tons of products in plant A
and 20 tons in plant B. If the course of
action is followed, the total amount of
particulate matter over the town will be
minimized to 1200 pounds weekly.

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

 Seatwork:
1) The production manager of Pantene shampoo wants to
determine the production mix that will yield the maximum
profit. As a manager, she needs to analyze data for her to make
a decision. It takes 5 minutes to mix one case of men’s shampoo
and 10 minutes to mix one case of women’s shampoo. This
process is done for 100 minutes per day. It takes 7 minutes to
bottle one case of men’s shampoo and 7 minutes to bottle one
case of women’s shampoo. Eighty-four minutes is consumed for
the bottling process per day. It takes 9 minutes to pack one case
of men’s shampoo and 5 minutes to pack one case of women’s
shampoo. The total number of minutes available for the packing
process is 90 minutes. The company earns P60 for every case of
men’s shampoo and P80 for every case of women’s shampoo.
How many cases of men’s and women’s shampoo should be
produced per day to maximize the profit?
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
Seatwork
2) The purchasing manager of a food company
wants to determine the supply mix with the least
cost. He collects the data necessary for him to
make a decision. A gallon of Liberty mix can
produce 5 cases of cheese, 7 cases of butter, and
9 cases of cream. In contrast, a gallon of Alaska
milk can make 10 cases of cheese, 8 cases of
butter, and 4 cases of cream. He must produce
at least 100 cases of cheese, 112 cases of butter,
and 72 cases of cream per day. Liberty milk costs
$5 per gallon while Alaska milk costs $6 per
gallon. How many gallons of Liberty milk and
Alaska milk should he purchase per day to
minimize cost?
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao