Q1) Identify the Data type for the Following:

Activity Data Type

Number of beatings from Wife Discrete data
Results of rolling a dice Discrete data
Weight of a person Continuous data
Weight of Gold Continuous data
Distance between two places Continuous data
Length of a leaf Continuous data
Dog's weight Continuous data
Blue Color Discrete data
Number of kids Discrete data
Number of tickets in Indian railways Discrete data
Number of times married Discrete data
Gender (Male or Female) Discrete data

Q2) Identify the Data types, which were among the following
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio.
Data Data Type
Gender Nominal
High School Class Ranking Nominal
Celsius Temperature Interval
Weight Ratio
Hair Color Ratio
Socioeconomic Status Interval
Fahrenheit Temperature Ratio
Height Ratio
Type of living accommodation Ordinal
Level of Agreement Interval
IQ(Intelligence Scale) Interval
Sales Figures Interval
Blood Group Ratio
Time Of Day Interval
Time on a Clock with Hands Interval
Number of Children Ratio
Religious Preference Nominal
 Barometer Pressure Interval
SAT Scores Interval
Years of Education Interval

Q3) Three Coins are tossed, find the probability that two heads and one tail are
obtained?
Answer:
Total number of events is = 8 (HHH/TTT/HTH/THH/HHT/TTH/HTT/THT)
No. of interested events for 2 heads and 1 tail is = 3 (HTH/THH/HHT)
Probability = No. of interested events/Total no of events
Probability = 3/8 (0.375)

Q4) Two Dice are rolled, find the probability that sum is
a) Equal to 1
b) Less than or equal to 4
c) Sum is divisible by 2 and 3

Answers:
S={(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6) (3,1)
(3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6) (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6) (5,1) (5,2) (5,3)
(5,4) (5,5) (5,6) (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)}

a) Since there are no outcomes which correspond to a sum equal to 1)

There fore in this case i.e, equal to 1 is
Probability = No. of interested events/Total no of events
Probability = 0/36=0
b) Less than or equal to 4 {(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,1) (2,2) (3,1)}
Probability = No. of interested events/Total no of events
Probability = 6/36=1/6 (0.16666)
 c) Sum is divisible by 2 and 3

Divisible by 2 are 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 {(1,1) (1,3) (1,5) (2,2) (2,4) (2,6) (3,1)
(3,3) (3,5) (4,2) (4,4) (4,6) (5,1) (5,3) (5,5) (6,2) (6,4) (6,6)}
Probability = No. of interested events/Total no of events
Probability = 18/36=1/2 (0.5)

Divisible by 3 are 3,6,9 and 12 {(1,2) (1,5) (2,1) (2,4) (3,3) (3,6) (4,2) (4,5)
(5,1) (5,4) (6,3) (6,6)}
Probability = No. of interested events/Total no of events
Probability = 12/36=1/3 (0.333)

There-fore sum of divisible by 2 and 3 are

1/2+1/3=5/6 (0.8333)

Q5) A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random.
What is the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
Answer:
Total number of balls are (2+3+2=7)
Total of ways that the balls can be picked out of 7 balls are 2 randomly [N(s)]
ncr = n!/(n-r)!(r)!
7c2 = (7*6)/2 = 21
N(s) = 21

Total balls after picking the 2 balls out of 7 balls is 5 [N(e)]

ncr = n!/(n-r)!(r)!
5c2 = (5*4)/2 = 10
N(e) = 10
There-fore probability = N (e)/N(s)
i.e., 10/21
Q6) Calculate the Expected number of candies for a randomly selected child
Below are the probabilities of count of candies for children (ignoring the nature of
the child-Generalized view)
CHILD Candies count Probability
A 1 0.015
B 4 0.20
C 3 0.65
D 5 0.005
E 6 0.01
F 2 0.120
Child A – probability of having 1 candy = 0.015.
Child B – probability of having 4 candies = 0.20
Answer:
Child A:
Probability=0.015
Total event =1
Interested event/Expected candies =?
So formula:
Probability = No. of interested events/Total no of events
No. of interested events= Probability* Total no of events
No. of interested events/ Expected candies (child A) =0.015*1=0.015
Similarly, for Child B
No. of interested events/ Expected candies (child B) =0.20*4=0.80
Similarly other
= 1 * 0.015 + 4*0.20 + 3 *0.65 + 5*0.005 + 6 *0.01 + 2 * 0.12
= 0.015 + 0.8 + 1.95 + 0.025 + 0.06 + 0.24
= 3.090
Q7) Calculate Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, Range &
comment about the values / draw inferences, for the given dataset
- For Points,Score,Weigh>
Find Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range
and also Comment about the values/ Draw some inferences.

Answers:
> # Q7.csv file import
> library(readr)
> Q7 <- read_csv("C:/Users/Anupama Raghavendra/Desktop/ExcelR/ASSIGNMENTS/2.
Basic statistics Level 1/Q7.csv")
Parsed with column specification:
cols(
X1 = col_character(),
Points = col_double(),
Score = col_double(),
Weigh = col_double()
)
Warning message:
Missing column names filled in: 'X1' [1]
> View (Q7)
> #Mean of Points field
> meanofPoints<-mean(Q7$Points)
> print(meanofPoints)
[1] 3.596563
> #Mean of Score field
> meanofscore<-mean(Q7$Score)
> print(meanofscore)
[1] 3.21725
> #Mean of weigh field
> meanofWeigh<-mean(Q7$Weigh)
> print(meanofWeigh)
[1] 17.84875
> #median of Points field
> medianofPoints<-median(Q7$Points)
> print(medianofPoints)
[1] 3.695
> #median of Score field
> medianofScore<-median(Q7$Score)
> print(medianofScore)
[1] 3.325
> #median of Weigh field
> medianofWeigh<-median(Q7$Weigh)
> print(medianofWeigh)
[1] 17.71
> # mode of points field
> #mode(Q7$Points)
> # mode of score field
> # mode of weigh field
> varianceofPoints<-var(Q7$Points)
> print(varianceofPoints)
[1] 0.2858814
>
> varianceofScore<-var(Q7$Score)
> print(varianceofScore)
[1] 0.957379
>
> varianceofWeigh<-var(Q7$Weigh)
> print(varianceofWeigh)
[1] 3.193166
>
> Standareddeviationofpoints<-sd(Q7$Points)
> print(Standareddeviationofpoints)
[1] 0.5346787
>
> StandareddeviationofScore<-sd(Q7$Score)
> print(StandareddeviationofScore)
[1] 0.9784574
>
> StandareddeviationofWeigh<-sd(Q7$Weigh)
> print(StandareddeviationofWeigh)
[1] 1.786943
>
> range(Q7$Points)
[1] 2.76 4.93
> range(Q7$Score)
[1] 1.513 5.424
> range(Q7$Weigh)
[1] 14.5 22.9

>

Q8) Calculate Expected Value for the problem below

a) The weights (X) of patients at a clinic (in pounds), are
108, 110, 123, 134, 135, 145, 167, 187, 199
Assume one of the patients is chosen at random. What is the Expected
Value of the Weight of that patient?
Answer:
Expected Value= (108 + 110 + 123 + 134 + 135 + 145 + 167 + 187 + 199)/9 =
145.333

Q9) Calculate Skewness, Kurtosis & draw inferences on the following data
Cars speed and distance
SP and Weight(WT)
Q10) Draw inferences about the following boxplot & histogram
Q11) Suppose we want to estimate the average weight of an adult male in
Mexico. We draw a random sample of 2,000 men from a population of
3,000,000 men and weigh them. We find that the average person in our
sample weighs 200 pounds, and the standard deviation of the sample is 30
pounds. Calculate 94%,98%,96% confidence interval ?
Q12) Below are the scores obtained by a student in tests

34,36,36,38,38,39,39,40,40,41,41,41,41,42,42,45,49,56
1) Find mean, median, variance, standard deviation.
2) What can we say about the student marks?

Q13) What is the nature of skewness when mean, median of data are equal?
Q14) What is the nature of skewness when mean > median ?
Q15) What is the nature of skewness when median > mean?
Q16) What does positive kurtosis value indicates for a data ?
Q17) What does negative kurtosis value indicates for a data?
Q18) Answer the below questions using the below boxplot visualization.

What can we say about the distribution of the data?

What is nature of skewness of the data?
What will be the IQR of the data (approximately)?
Q19) Comment on the below Boxplot visualizations?

Draw an Inference from the distribution of data for Boxplot 1 with respect
Boxplot 2.
Q 20) Calculate probability from the given dataset for the below cases

Data _set: Cars.csv

Calculate the probability of MPG of Cars for the below cases.
MPG <- Cars$MPG
a. P(MPG>38)
b. P(MPG<40)
c. P (20<MPG<50)

Q 21) Check whether the data follows normal distribution

a) Check whether the MPG of Cars follows Normal Distribution
Dataset: Cars.csv
 b) Check Whether the Adipose Tissue (AT) and Waist Circumference(Waist)
from wc-at data set follows Normal Distribution
Dataset: wc-at.csv

Q 22) Calculate the Z scores of 90% confidence interval,94% confidence

interval, 60% confidence interval
Q 23) Calculate the t scores of 95% confidence interval, 96% confidence
interval, 99% confidence interval for sample size of 25

Q 24) A Government company claims that an average light bulb lasts 270
days. A researcher randomly selects 18 bulbs for testing. The sampled bulbs
last an average of 260 days, with a standard deviation of 90 days. If the
CEO's claim were true, what is the probability that 18 randomly selected
bulbs would have an average life of no more than 260 days

Hint:
rcode  pt(tscore,df)

df  degrees of freedom