Martial Law and The New Society

Martial Law
and the New Society
Group 8
Karen D. Paladan
Trisha Mae Red
Clara S. Saavedra
The Marcos government was facing a number of crises, some of which

really threatened the stability of the nation, but the other conditions
creating a crisis were obviously planned by President Marcos himself
declaring Martial Law.
The Martial law measures were contained in a contingency plan code

name OPLAN SAGITTARIUS
By virtue of proclamation No.1081 which he signed on September 21,

1972. Martial Law was put into effect two days before the official
declaration of the proclamation .
Plaza Miranda Bombing of August 21, 1971 which was blamed on New
People's Army (NPA)
The Main Objectives of Martial Law
1. To save the republic
2. To form a Bagong Lipunan (New Society) based on new social and

political values.
Proposed Reforms of the President
P- Peace and Order

L- Land And Reform
E- Economic Development
D- Development of Moral Values
G- Government Reforms
E- Educational Reforms
S- Social Services
However, The Marcos opposition accused him of declaring martial

law to perpetuate himself in power. As provided for by the 1935
constitution, Marcos could no longer run for another re-election, thus
the martial law declaration just a convenient circumvention of the law.
WHAT HAPPEN DURING MARTIAL LAW?
Thousands of Anti-Marcos politicians, students, activist, suspected or

real communist, media, critics, intellectuals, professionals, and others
were arrested into military stockades.
All newspapers, television and radio stations, printing presses and
other means of mass media were closed and place under military
control.
Some of them were later permitted to re-open but under strict
censorship.
The spreading of "false rumors" was made subject to death penalty.
Curfew was imposed from midnight to 4am.
The congress of the Philippines, the law making body under the 1935
Constitution was abolished. And a special military tribunals were created
to try cases involving "crimes against national security" and "crimes
against the public order" with jurisdiction over civilians.
Marcos had a vision of a Bagong Lipunan (New Society) similar to

Indonesian President Suharto's "New Order Administration"
Between 1972-1976, Marcos increased the size of the Philippine

military from 65,000 to 270,000 personnel.
Military officers were placed on the boards of a variety of media

corporations, public utilities, development projects, and other private
corporations.
Marcos made efforts to foster the growth of a domestic weapon
manufacturing industry and heavily increased military spending.
The Marcos regime instituted a mandatory youth organization.
Known as Kabataang Barangay Led by Marcos' Eldest daughter Imee.
Presidential Decree 684, enacted in April 1975, required that all
youths aged 15 to 18 be shipped off to remote rural indoctrination
camps.
In 1978, the position returned when Ferdinand Marcos became

Prime Minister.
Based on Article 9 of the 1973 constitution, it had broad executive
powers that would be typical of modern prime ministers in other
countries. The position was the official head of government, and the
commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
January 17, 1981 President Marcos signed Proclamation No.2045,

ending eight years and four months of martial law in the Philippines.
Certain Conditions Of Ending Martial Law
1. The continued prominence of the armed forces in suppressing

"lawless crimes, insurrection, rebellion or subversion"
2. The continued suspension of the privilege of writ of habeas corpus in
the two autonomous regions (Region IX of western Mindanao And
Region XII of the central Mindanao)
Third Term
(1981-1986)
June 16, 1981 - The first presidential election in twelve years was held.
As to be expected, President Marcos ran and won a massive victory
over the other candidates.
The major opposition parties. The United Nationalist Democratic

Organization (UNIDO) a coalition of opposition parties and LABAN
boycotted the elections.
August 21, 1983, Opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was

assassinated by his Philippine military escort at the Manila International
Airport.
The murder of Ninoy Aquino marked the beginning of the downfall

of Marcos.
 The Aquino assassination aggravated the economic crisis in the

country.
 The foreign debt ballooned to 23 billion dollars by the end of
1983.
 Business suffered due to massive declared bankruptcy.
 Many Filipinos lost their jobs.
 The Peso was Devalued twice. (First in 1983-1984)
Year 1983 Marcos' regime was marred by rampant corruption and
political mismanagement by his relatives and Cronies, which
culminated with the assassination of Benigno Aquino.
During his third term, Marcos's health deteriorated rapidly due to

kidney Ailments, often described as Lupus erythematosus.
In the face of escalating public discontent and under pressure from

foreign allies, Marcos called a "Snap Election" in 1986, with more than a
year left in his term. He selected Arturo Tolentino as his running mate.
The opposition to Marcos united behind Aquino's widow, Corazon, and
her running mate, Salvador Laurel.
The Snap election was not only the most fraudulent but also the
most confusing election in history.
The Comelec final count showed Marcos and Tolentino as winners

while the Namfrel (National Movement for free Election) had
Aquino-Laurel as their winners by 800,000 votes.
The Comelec final count showed Marcos and Tolentino as winners

while the Namfrel (National Movement for free Election) had
Aquino-Laurel as their winners by 800,000 votes.
A woman candidate, Mrs. "Cory Aquino", ran (and Won) for
President Of the Republic.
Voxpopuli,vox dei (The voice of the people is the voice of the God.)
People Power Movement drove Marcos into exile and installed

Corazon Aquino as the new president. At the height of the revolution,
Enrile revealed that his ambush was faked in order for Marcos to have a
pretext for imposing martial law. However, Marcos maintained that he
was the duly elected and proclaimed president of the Philippines for a
fourth term.

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Martial Law

and the New Society

The Marcos government was facing a number of crises, some of which

The Martial law measures were contained in a contingency plan code

By virtue of proclamation No.1081 which he signed on September 21,

1. To save the republic

2. To form a Bagong Lipunan (New Society) based on new social and

P- Peace and Order

However, The Marcos opposition accused him of declaring martial

WHAT HAPPEN DURING MARTIAL LAW?

Thousands of Anti-Marcos politicians, students, activist, suspected or

The spreading of "false rumors" was made subject to death penalty.

Curfew was imposed from midnight to 4am.

Marcos had a vision of a Bagong Lipunan (New Society) similar to

Between 1972-1976, Marcos increased the size of the Philippine

Military officers were placed on the boards of a variety of media

In 1978, the position returned when Ferdinand Marcos became

January 17, 1981 President Marcos signed Proclamation No.2045,

Certain Conditions Of Ending Martial Law

1. The continued prominence of the armed forces in suppressing

The major opposition parties. The United Nationalist Democratic

August 21, 1983, Opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was

The murder of Ninoy Aquino marked the beginning of the downfall

 The Aquino assassination aggravated the economic crisis in the

During his third term, Marcos's health deteriorated rapidly due to

In the face of escalating public discontent and under pressure from

The Comelec final count showed Marcos and Tolentino as winners

The Comelec final count showed Marcos and Tolentino as winners

People Power Movement drove Marcos into exile and installed

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