PEDH Reviewer

Canoe
 The word "canoe" originated from the carib word "kenu" which meant dugout. Canoes were
originally made from the large tree trunks.
 A canoe is Wide open
 A canoer, on one hand, sits on a raised seat or kneels on the bottom of the boat and uses a
single- bladed paddle.

Parts of Canoe

 Yoke- a beam in the center of a canoe that allows the canoe to rest on a person's shoulder
when portaging.
 Stern- rear end.
 Gunwale- acts as structural support and it defines shape of boat.
 Thwart- crossbars reinforcing the canoe and prevents sides from pulling apart under load.
 Seat- for paddler at the bow part (if in tandem) keel or centerline
 Bow- front part

Three Phases

1. Catch - this is the start of the stroke where the blade enters the water. It is important to
know that the shoulder is used, not the elbow, as the axis of movement.
2. Power Phase - A strong stroke is what will actually move the boat forward. In this phase,
the bottom hand should be pulling while the top arm is pressing down slightly forward.
3. Exit and Recovery - The stroke is finished when body rotation is complete. At exit, the
blade moves out of the water to the side.

Kayaks
 Kayaks or "qajak", meaning "man's boat" or hunter's boat" originated from the inuit and aleut
tribes of arctic north america.
 A kayak has a covered deck
 Kayakers extend legs and are seated low or sometimes on the deck It uses a double-bladed
paddle.

Parts of Kayaks

 Deck- top half of the kayak.

 Footbrace- found inside where feet rest
 Hatch- covering on the deck where food and gears can be stored.
  Cockpit- opening in the kayak's deck where the paddler sits. it can be covered with a spray kit or
waterproof kilt that is placed around the waist then slip over the cockpiť's rim or coaming.
 Hull- bottom half of the kayak.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CANOE OR KAYAK

 Length - the distance from the tip of the stem to the tip of the bow.
 Beam - the width of the boat and is measured at the widest part of the canoe or kayak.
 Bottom shape

There are three basic bottom shapes:

1. Flat - this design has good stability in calm waters. However, the characteristics of this boat
provide the easy turning "boat spin" in rougher water such as white waters.
2. Round - this is designed for speed and efficiency. One may feel a little shaky when one steps in
it. But with experience, one will feel that a round shape will give the stability in most waters and
it is actually easier to propel through the water. The trade-off however is balancing the boat in
an upright position.
3. Vee - this boat is in between the flat and round bottom design boats, thus with practice it comes
with a good all-around performance.

Profile or sides of a boat

 Tumblehome design - the sides of the boat curve inward as they come up, which makes the
beam narrower on the deck. This allows the paddler to reach the water easily while at the same
time has the stability of a wider and kayak.
 Flared sides - the sides curve outward (flares out) making the beam wider. Thus, as it goes
deeper in the water (cargo weight becomes heavier), the beam becomes wider therefore giving
a more stable feeling.
 Straight sides - is a little bit of the two.

HERE ARE SOME OF THE PADDLING ACTIVITIES THAT ONE

MAY CHOOSE FROM:

1. Sea kayaking is done in open waters such as the oceen or the lake. Kayaks may be sit-on-top or
decked design.
2. Whitewater kayaking or canoeing is paddling down the whitewater rivers. A flat-bottomed boat
will help the boat spin on the water and take on the rapids for practicing various maneuvers.
The rounded bottom will involve paddling downriver from one point to a different point and
usually a distance of several miles.
3. Flatwater recreation is a relaxing canoeing or kayaking where you can take a gentle paddle
down a calm river, ocean, or lake to do sightseeing.
4. Sailing is where the canoe or kayak is fitted with a sail.
 5. Surf kayaking is where the kayak is typically fitted with a fin, rather like a surfboard.
6. Marathon racing is a lengthy race down a river using the kayak or canoe.

RECREATION
OUTDOOR

 is a space outside an enclosed area.

 includes the natural environment and resources which comprises the land, water, wildlife,
vegetation, open space, and scenery.

RECREATION

 is derived from the Latin word recreare which means “to be refreshed".

Clayne R. Jensen(2006) said that day can be divided into three parts:

1. existence time
2. subsistence time
3. free time

Benefits of Outdoor Recreation

1. PHYSICAL HEALTH
2. PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL
3. SOCIAL
4. ECONOMIC
5. SPIRITUAL

A two-year old conquered the 5 highest mountains in the Philippines and is also a young volunteer.

 She is Babeyboo.
 True name is Anjolette Skyzx Dorado.
SCUBA DIVING
• S – elf

• C – ontained

• U – nderwater

• B – reathing

• A – pparatus

The Evolution of Scuba

 Edmund Halley developed an improved diving bell.

 Englishman John Lethbridge built the “ diving engine “ which was an underwater oak cylinder
supplied with compressed air from the surface.
 Charles Anthony Deane invented the “Smoke Helmet” originally for firefighters.
 William James invented the first workable, full time SCUBA.
 German-born inventor Augustus Siebe innovated a closed diving suit to complete the diving
helmet of Deane.
 Henry A. Fleuss an English merchant seaman, developed the first self contained diving gear that
used compressed oxygen and not compressed air.
 Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan redesigned a car regulator which provided compressed air
to divers in the slightest breath and later on called as the Aqualung.

Basic Scuba Diving Equipment

• DIVE MASK – Creates the air pocket to have a clearer view

of the underwater life.

• SNORKEL – Breathing tube allowing you to inhale and

exhale through your mouth.

• REGULATOR – Delivers the steady supply of air from the

cylinder with the right pressure.

• BCD Buoyancy Control Device – Helps control the position

in the water column.

• OCTOPUS –Back up regulator. Can use as an emergency

regulator.

• WEIGHT BELT – Used to counteract buoyancy.

• SPG Submersible Pressure Gauge – Shows how much of the air is left.
 • SCUBA TANK – Contains the pressurized air which

allows one to breathe and to stay

longer underwater.

• FINS – Provide the propulsion that makes it possible to

swim with lesser effort.

• WET SUIT – Provides protection from the coldness of the

water and from other elements.

Other Accessories

• DIVE COMPUTER – monitors the diver’s depth, time of being underwater, and the remaining
time for one to be safely down in the water.

• DIVE LIGHTS – provides the needed light as it can be dark underwater.

• DIVE KNIFE – is used for cutting ropes, lines, and monofilament.

• DIVE CASE – is used for protecting the gears while travelling.

Snorkeling
 Alexander the Great - First diving bell.
 Leonardo da Vinci proposed and created the first contemporary snorkel, he also had a sketch of
webbed swimming gloves, an idea that led to the modern-day fins.
 Benjamin Franklin – wooden paddles attached to the hands and feet.
 Louis de Corlieu – modern fins

Basic Equipment of Snorkeling

1. Mask
 Strap
 Mask Skirt
 Nose Pocket
2. Snorkel
 Purge Valve
 Splash Guard
 Dry Valve
 3. Snorkeling Fins
 Full foot fins
 Adjustable fins
 Paddled bladed fins
 Split fins
4. Snorkel vest
5. Skin protection
6. Swimming cup
7. Mask Defogger

SURFING
 Is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or
face of a moving wave, which usually carries the surfer towards the shore.

SURFING EQUIPMENT
SWIMMING

 a movement through water using one’s limbs and usually without artificial apparatus.

THE 7 BASIC SKILLS IN SWIMMING

1. Blowing bubbles- improve breathing technique.

2. Gliding through water – gliding helps you to get used to the sensation of moving
through the water headfirst.
3. Floating technique – everyone can and should learn how to float in water.
 Horizontal Survival Float (Back Float)
 Deadman’s float
 Starfish float- this float is the most relaxing of all.
 Jellyfish float
 Turtle float
 Drownproofing
4. Treading water - water treading is an aspect of swimming that involves a swimmer
staying in a vertical position a vertical position in the water while keeping his or her
head above the surface of the water.
5. Flutter kick - the primary purpose of the flutter kick is NOT PROPULSION but keeping
the legs up and in the shadow of the upper body and assisting body rotation for arm
strokes.
6. Coordination - beginner swimmers often find themselves messily chopping through the
water with their limbs. That’s fine.
7. Dives - to jump into water with your arms and head going in first.
 Forward
 Backward
 Reverse
 Inward
 Twisting
 Armstand

FOUR COMPETITIVE SWIMMING STROKES

1. Freestyle
2. Backstroke
3. Breastroke
4. Butterfly
 1. Surfboards are usually hollow and weigh between 4 and 10 kilograms (9-22 pounds).
They are usually constructed of manmade materials such as plastic and fiberglass.

 Longboard is typically about 3 meters (9 feet) long. The nose, or front part of
the surfboard, is rounded. Longboards can be slightly wider and thicker than
shortboards, making them more stable and buoyant (able to stay afloat).

 Shortboards are about 2 meters (6 feet) long. They have a more pointed nose,
and usually have more fins than longboards.

2. Surf wax is applied to dry surfboards to help surfers “stick.” Traction pads can be
applied to the deck, or upper part of the board, for the same reason.

3. Wetsuits are used to keep warm while surfing. Most diehard surfers will want to surf at
times when the weather is not warm. Wetsuits are made of a rubbery material that
traps water between the material and your body.

 Warm-water surfers wear modified wetsuits or swimsuits.

 Cold-water surfers can wear full-body wetsuits, including hoods, boots and
gloves.

WAYS TO SURF

1. Longboards allow surfers greater balance than any other kind of surfboard. Because of this
balance and stability, long boarders can do what looks like gymnastics on their surfboards.
2. Shortboards allow for greater maneuverability. Shortboarders practice a variety of different
turns. “Cutbacks” are turns that force the surfer back toward the breaking wave.
3. Big-wave surfing is just what it sounds like: surfing very, very big waves. Most surfers ride
waves between 3 and 6 meters (9-20 feet) high. Big waves can be four times that high, more
than 25 meters (82 feet) tall.
4. Wake surfing is like water skiing on a surfboard. Wakes are the wave trails left by boats or
other heavy objects traveling quickly through the water. Surfers on very short boards trail
behind boats and surf in the wakes they create.
5. Bodysurfing is the art and science of riding down a breaking wave without a board. Bodysurfers
often wear specialized swim fins, or plastic flippers attached to their feet.

SOME COMMON SURFING TERMS

 1. Hang Ten: riding a surfboard with both feet on the front of the board and all ten toes hanging
off the edge.
2. Tube Riding: when the surfer gets into the portion of the wave where the top of the wave has
curled over the rider and the surfer is now riding inside a tube of water.
3. Snap: when the surfer makes a quick turn right at the top of the wave.
4. Floater: when the surfer rides at the top of the wave.
5. Pump: when the surfer turns back and forth into the wave to generate speed.
6. Cutback: when the surfer turns back into the breaking part of the wave.
7. Regular: riding the surfboard with the right foot on the back and the left foot on the front.
8. Goofy: riding the surfboard with the left foot on the back and the right foot on the front.

SURFING SAFETY

 ü
Drowning can occur by being pulled under the water and by being dragged out to sea.

 ü
Wipeout is the act of falling off a surfboard while riding a wave. Wipeouts are more common
where waves are larger, stronger or more unpredictable.