District Training Handbook Phase-II (2018) Batch)
District Training Handbook Phase-II (2018) Batch)
District Training Handbook Phase-II (2018) Batch)
[Alankrita Singh]
District Training Handbook, 2018 Batch
Contents
District Training
1. Introduction 01
2. Link with Academy/ State ATIs 02
3. District Training Schedule 02
a. Attachment with different offices in the district 02
b. Independent charge to Officer Trainees 04
c. Attachment with State Training Institutes 04
d. Attachment with State Secretariat 05
e. Assignments during District Training 05
f. Schedule for submission of assignments 06
g. Assessment of District Training 07
4. Getting the most out of District Training 07
5. Training Schedule of RBCS Officer Trainees 08
6. Reporting at Academy for Phase-II 09
Annexure-I
7. Suggested Training Schedule during District Training [53 Weeks] 10-13
Annexure-II
8. Check Lists for Various Attachments 14-17
Annexure-III
9. D.O. Letter 18-19
Annexure-IV
10. Guidelines on Socio Economic Study of a Village 20
Annexure-V
11. Guidelines on the Report on the Study of a Brick Kiln 21
Annexure-VI
12. Creating an Open Defecation Free (ODF) Village: A Guidance Note 22-25
Annexure-VII
13. Guidelines for Dissertation 26-39
Annexure-VIII
14. Court Work Assignments 40-41
Annexure-IX
15. Guidelines for Court Management 42-48
Annexure-X
16. Language Assignment (Correspondence Course) 49
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Annexure-XI
17. Schedule of submission of Academy Assignments/ Reports 50
Annexure-XII
18. Evaluation of District Training 51
Annexure-XIII
19. Awards 52-53
Annexure-XIV
20. List of attachment of RBCS officers 54
21. Schedule of Submission of Assignments
and Marks under Director Assignment for RBCS Officers 55
Annexure-XV
22. List of Cadre Counsellors 56
Annexure-XVI
23. District Postings 57-63
District Training Handbook, 2018 Batch
District Training
Introduction
After the Phase-I of IAS Professional Course which provided you an overview of administrative
theory, concepts and development schemes at the national level. District training will expose you
to the empirical realities, as they exist in the State/district to which you have been allotted.
The duration of district training is the longest (53 weeks as of now) in the entire Induction
training. District training gives you an opportunity to study the system of governance in your
State. It also brings you closer to the people, their customs, values, problems, and aspirations. You
are in a fortuitous position to view the functioning of the Government from a vantage position as
an observer. It enables you to shape your administrative skills and acumen by mingling freely and
learning from all – the people, their representatives, and officials.
While most of you will be directly reporting to your respective districts for training, some of you
will have to report to the State Government/ State Administrative Training Institute (ATI) for initial
familiarization. If you are reporting to your district, please inform your Collector about your travel
itinerary and seek his/her assistance for office support and stay arrangements in the district.
Similarly, please inform the ATI, if you are required to report directly there.
Upon your arrival in the district, you should immediately call on the Collector and seek her/his
guidance. You may request the collector to allow you to call on at his/her residence as well,
after an official call on. After completing the joining formalities, you should officially call on the
District & Sessions Judge, Additional District Magistrate, Additional Collector (Development)/
Project Officer (DRDA)/ Chief Executive Officer (Zilla Parishad), Superintendent of Police,
Commissioner of Municipal Corporation, Chief Judicial Magistrate and other senior district-level
Government functionaries. In case you are posted for training at the Zonal/ Divisional
headquarters, do remember to call on the Divisional Commissioner and other senior zonal level
functionaries of the Police Department. The people’s representatives occupying high office should
also be called upon. Take your Collector’s guidance on this and also keep her/ him informed.
Those of you reporting at the ATI/State headquarters should first call on the Head of the Training
Institute/Secretary to Government of the Personnel/General Administration Department. This
should be followed by calling on the Chief Secretary and other senior officials in the State
Secretariat with prior appointment. For this, the Head of the Training Institute/Secretary to
Government, Personnel/ GAD can be consulted for further guidance. Calling on is a formal affair
and it is always advisable to obtain a prior appointment, be punctual and be appropriately
dressed.
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the district.
The Officer Trainees should seek to understand the following issues during their attachment with
each Department.
a) Organizational structure, roles, and responsibilities in the Department.
b) Basic understanding of Acts and Rules governing the Department.
c) Office procedures – understanding a file, methods of noting/ drafting,
preparation of office orders and movement of the file.
d) Budgeting and Audit – understanding the procedure and sequence of
resource allocation, guidelines for expenditure, financial powers vested with
officials and audit.
e) The system of programme implementation, monitoring, and report.
f) Shortcomings or problems, if any
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In most of the States, Officer Trainees are also taken on State Darshan as part of the ATI
attachment to acquaint them with the diversity in different parts of the State.
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Free (ODF). The context, rationale, and methodology may be perused at Annexure-VI.
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Any assignment submitted after the deadline of 10th May, 2020 shall be treated as non-
submission and hence marked zero.
Any Officer Trainee who does not submit assignments aggregating to at least 75% of total marks
to be awarded for assignments, by 10th May 2020, shall not be permitted to join Phase-II.
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b) Learning from other Government functionaries: Other than the Collector, the
district has many administrative officers mostly belonging to the State
Services. Most of them have spent long periods in the field and have much to
offer to you, as a Trainee. Regard for their age and seniority, humility will
enable you to learn the most from them. The same goes for learning from the
lower functionaries like Patwaris, Revenue Inspectors, and village level
functionaries of the development wing, who can impart a great amount of
practical knowledge and wisdom to young officers.
c) Touring the District: Extensive touring throughout the district affords you
with the best possible opportunity to assess and understand the functioning
of the Government. You must stay in a village for a few days to observe the
real dynamics of village life. You should also use this time to understand the
processes required for community mobilization, the impact of social sector
programmes, public delivery systems, the working of NGOs and various other
developmental interventions. In fact, you should dovetail this stay in the
village with the assignment on Village Survey and Land Administration,
which is prescribed by the Academy.
d) Attending Meetings: While in the district, you should participate and sit
through various meetings especially those which are chaired by the Collector.
Active listening during the meetings will help you better imbibe various
aspects of district functioning. Consult the Collector on important meetings in
the district. These typically include the meetings related to law and order,
revenue, development, coordination meetings, etc.
e) Innovative Thinking: Innovative ways of looking at problems and coming up
with new solutions aimed at achieving an efficient public delivery system
should constitute an important area of your focus. Adopt lateral thinking by
which, instead of your accepting everything on the basis of “this-is-how-it-
has-always-been-done”, you switch over to an approach that is inquiring,
logical and efficient.
f) Most importantly, keep your ears, eyes, and mind open so that you are able
to maximize your learning. Do not assume things but verify the reality. Gain
firsthand experience and be humble, honest, punctual and hardworking as a
disciple/ student.
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Annexure-I
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10.3 Half day attachments with offices 1 week. To observe the statutory nature of the
of various Commissions like Organisation Commissions and their functioning
Human Rights, Food Security, wise
Persons with Disability, Women, schedule to
Information, Child Rights etc. be issued
10.4 Attachment with High Court and 2 days Get an understanding of executive-judiciary
Advocate General relationship, the filing of affidavits and para-
wise comments in cases, contempt of court etc.
10.5 Attachment with Principal 2 days Understand how the audit is done, what are the
Accountant General main issues pointed out regarding expenditure,
issues brought out in performance audits of
different sectors, entry and exit interviews etc.
10.6 Experience sharing, wrap up and 1 week Wrap-up of learning with linkages to the future
debriefing at ATI role
11. Joining time from the State to 1 week
join at LBSNAA
Total 53 Weeks
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Annexure-II
(Officer Trainee should ensure that he/she has understood and learnt AT LEAST the following
BEFORE he/she finishes that particular attachment)
Revenue Attachment (With Additional Collector/ Deputy Collector – Land Reforms)
Are you in a position to enumerate all the Revenue Laws in your State?
Have you understood the revenue hierarchy of the state?
How is the lowest functionary (Patwari, Village Administrative Officer, Amin)
and the highest functionary (Member – Board of Revenue) linked in a land
dispute case?
Have you finished writing the revenue cases as required by LBSNAA and
your State Government for the departmental examination (if any)?
Have you collected a certificate to this effect (that you underwent the
revenue training) and submitted to your State Government (if required)?
Have you read at least twice all the revenue laws of your state?
Treasury Attachment (With Treasury Officer)
Have you read the broad provisions regarding the Treasury?
Are you familiar with the Treasury Manual of your state?
What is the difference between a Bill and a Voucher?
What is allotment letter and allotment?
What precautions are to be taken before accepting a bill for payment?
What is the relationship of treasury with the bank?
What is the superstructure of a treasury and what is the role of Collector?
What is a strong room?
Who is a Stamp Vendor and who appoints him?
How are stamp papers transacted in your district?
Have you collected a certificate to this effect (that you underwent the
treasury training) and submitted to your State Government (if required)?
Judicial Attachment (With District Judge/Additional District Judge)
Have you understood the judicial structure of the State?
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Role of SDM in Kerosene Oil distribution, issue of arms license, cinema halls
license, vehicle license etc.
Role of SDM in health and education sector.
Mandi (APMC) Samitis and their functioning.
SDMs role in social security schemes.
Election cell of the SDM.
Have you met all the Executive Magistrates under the SDM and understood
their working?
Independent Charge of Block Development Officer/ Gram Panchayat
What is the process of implementation of MGNREGA from the preparation
of Labour Budget to payment to the labourer.
Understanding the difference in implementation of the development
schemes funded totally by the State Government and Centrally Sponsored
Schemes.
Understanding how bills are processed for payment of money to
contractors for execution of civil works.
Personally doing the check measurement of a completed civil work in
verification of the measurement book recorded and inspection of ongoing
works.
What are the own sources of revenue generation for the Block/Taluk
panchayat?
A detailed review of the taxes levied by the panchayats and the percentage
of annual demand collected each year.
How is work/action plan for funds received under various heads prepared.
Examining the Cash books, Asset registers and other records maintained at
Block and Gram Panchayat level.
Other Offices during District Training
Understand the working of the Election Cell of the Collectorate.
Understand the functioning of the Public Relations Office.
Visit the local Municipality (if you are not having a separate attachment).
Understand the functioning of the DRDA/Zila Parishad (if you are not having
a separate attachment).
Understand the functioning of the Registry – meet the Sub Registrar.
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Annexure-III
D.O. Letter
Officer Trainees are required to send a bi-monthly report (every alternate month) on their training
to their Counsellors in the following format so as to reach by the 15th of the succeeding month:
a) For states where there is a requirement of maintaining a daily diary, the
extracts from the daily diary for the month may be sent along with a covering
D. O. letter to the respective Counsellors.
b) For other states, a D. O. letter will be sent. The details required in the D.O
letter are as follows:
Demi Official Letters
1. Officer Trainees are required to send a total of six D.O. letters during their district training
starting June 2019. D.O. letters are to be written every alternate month. The first D.O.
letter to be written after they arrive in the district (either directly after Phase-I training at
LBSNAA or after they have completed their training at State ATI) will cover the topic
“District over the years”. This D.O. letter will require the Officer Trainee to read the
district gazetteer and the Survey and Settlement report pertaining to the district where
he/she is undergoing training. The in-depth study of these documents should help the
Trainee in gaining a deep insight and understanding of the historical context of the
evolution of district administration. Then an attempt should be made to grasp the organic
relationship between the various facets of society, people, culture, and customs and
examine their relationship with the role of administration in engineering progressive
change. Those joining the ATI first, may call the letter” State over the years” and may
given an overview of the state as above
2. As regards the other D.O. letters they should include learnings from various attachments,
details of any innovations that Officer Trainee could observe or was part of, progress on
assignments, description of various events happening in the district like Mela/ VIP visit, etc
and summary of the major issues pertaining to that month.
3. Avoid mere reproduction of factual information or schedule of activities.
4. It should reflect the underlying work processes, inter-personal relationships and other
aspects that you as an administrator would like to reflect upon for your future
responsibilities.
5. Please ensure that there are no grammatical or typographical errors in the letter. It must
strictly adhere to the format of a demi-official letter.
6. It should be in a free-flowing narrative form. The writing style should be precise and lucid.
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Daily Diaries: In some States, Officer Trainees are required to maintain a daily diary in
which detailed account of the day's activities, observations, and learning points are
recorded. These diaries are usually to be put up to the District Collector for perusal every
week. It is a formal mode of review of training by the Collector who often makes
comments and records instructions on the diary. The diaries are also seen by senior
officers who visit the district and may require being sent to the State ATI also. The diaries
are meant to be analytical and not merely chronological narratives. The diaries should
typically contain the following points:
a) Brief description of the training activity
b) Places/ offices visited
c) Officials and other persons met
d) Observations including background information
e) Learning points noted
These diaries are not meant to be maintained in a log book format but have to be written
in a flowing style. The objective is also to improve writing skills. Since these diaries are an
exhaustive account of the training and learning, Officer Trainees maintaining these diaries
will send copies every month to the Counsellor and copy endorsed to State ATIs with a
covering D.O. letter instead of sending D.O. letter alone.
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Annexure– IV
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Annexure– V
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Annexure - VI
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public good.
Therefore, the SBM(G) guidelines emphasise community-based collective behavioural change as
the preferred approach, although the States are free to choose their approach. The differences
between the traditional approach and community approach are tabulated below:
Methodology
The task of creating an ODF village will begin with the selection of the village. It is good to start
with a low hanging fruit, but those who like challenges are free to select a rather difficult village as
well. A small village of 50 to 100 households is an ideal village, to begin with. A homogeneous
village with little internal conflict enhances the chances of success. If there is a high percentage of
open defecation in the village, which is not hard to find, triggering is likely to be more effective.
The community approach deploys triggering tool for collective behavioural change. This includes a
pre-triggering phase, including establishing contact with the key people of the village, agreeing on
the time for triggering and venue for triggering, which would be any open space, where all the
community members can gather easily.
Once all these pre-triggering arrangements are made, the key facilitator has to reach the village
and the venue of triggering at least an hour before the agreed time on the agreed date to make
sure that everything goes as planned. A triggering session could take 3-4 hours before the
community members participating in the exercise collectively resolve to put an end to the practice
of open defecation in the village. Once there is an expressed community resolve to end open
defecation, it is the task of the facilitator to help people form a committee, whose members are
selected by people present on the basis of consensus.
This committee is given some time to engage in a community action planning process, where the
outside facilitator is not present. Mobilising women in general and their self-help groups in
particular along with positioning children as catalysts and whistleblowers often prove to be the
game changers in the task of creating an ODF village.
During follow-up visits post-triggering, it is the responsibility of the facilitator to ensure that the
committee members work as per the plan prepared to achieve the ODF status for the village as
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agreed during the triggering or as agreed subsequently by the community following consultation
with the larger community in the village. Information on technology and availability of
construction material including bricks, cement, pans, P-trap and pipes and their pricing should be
readily available with the facilitator and should be made available to people in response to
expressed demand.
It is important to ensure that there is a community process initiated and that there is a community
group enjoying the confidence of people at large in the village, which drives the internal
movement towards an ODF community within the village.
Results are often dramatic, as really triggered rural communities at times make a total shift from
100% open defecation to 100% open defecation free in a matter of few weeks. Making an ODF
village on your own could be one of the most exciting achievements.
Definition of ODF
ODF is the termination of fecal-oral transmission, defined by
no visible faeces found in the environment/village; and
every household as well as public/community institutions using safe
technology option for disposal of faeces
Assignment
To record and analyse your experience with the attempt to make a village ODF is the purpose of
this study. While recording your experiences you are to consider:
1. The reasons that led you to select a particular village.
2. Description of the village
3. The strategy adopted by you to ‘trigger’ community involvement in the village.
4. An analysis of the factors that worked for or against the strategy adopted by you.
5. The response from the community post ‘triggering’.
6. Efforts taken by you for follow up post triggering.
7. The role played by various interest groups.
8. Whether the village became ODF or not.
9. Your analyses of what worked/did not work.
10. What would you do differently if you had to take up a similar exercise again?
Verification of ODF Village
The verification of ODF village will involve self-certification by the Gram Panchayat. Since
sanitation is a State subject, each State Government may adopt appropriate processes to verify
ODF. For the sake of this assignment, the process adopted by the State Government may be
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followed. A certificate by the Collector/CEO Zilla Panchayat will also be required. Besides, there
may be a parallel independent verification.
Note:
In case your district/State has been declared as open defecation free, you will intimate the same
to the course coordinator and take up an assignment (between 2000-3000 words) on the Solid
and Liquid Waste Management of the district. For this assignment you may look at the following:
You should visit the main solid waste disposal yard of the district and see
the methods adopted for waste management in case a disposal yard exists
in your district.
Analyze and make a report on the District/ Urban Local body about the
extent of compliance with Waste Management Rules of 2016 including Bio-
Medical waste, Construction and Demolition waste, Plastic waste, e-Waste
and Solid Waste. Any initiatives taken by you in setting up or improving the
existing practices will be suitably recognized during evaluation.
Study the sustainability of ODF in a village covering behavioural change in
the community including tourist and migrant population.
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Annexure-VII
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Research Question
Hypothesis Formulation
Measurement/Scale Development/Adoption
Research Design
Data Collection
Dissertation Writing
Dissertation Structure
A well-argued dissertation is easy to follow. It is like trying to tell the reader a story. It will aid
clarity if the entire dissertation breaks up the argument into clear steps. The Dissertation as a
document should include following sections:
1. Title page (one page. This section doesn’t get counted in the word count of the
dissertation)
2. Table of Contents (One-two pages, as is necessary. This section doesn’t get
counted in the word count of the dissertation)
3. Abstract (Not more than 250 words. This section doesn’t get counted in the word
count of the dissertation)
4. Introduction (should include the context of the study, the research question, and
the structure of the dissertation. This should be in about 750 words)
5. Literature Review including the policy context (Literature survey about your
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How much research has been done on childhood obesity? What types of
studies? Is there a unique area that yet to is investigated or is there a
particular question that may be worth replicating? The following video may
be helpful in learning how to choose appropriate keywords and search
online databases: https://youtu.be/233DzkmimV4?t=4s
Then begin to narrow the topic by asking open-ended "how" and "why"
questions. For example, a researcher may want to consider the factors that
are contributing to childhood obesity or the success rate of intervention
programs. Create a list of potential questions for consideration and choose
one that interests you and provides an opportunity for exploration.
Broadly, the research question may fall into one of the following categories:
a) Descriptive: A descriptive question asks what is happening and/or how it is
happening. Research involving descriptive questions may fall under but are
not restricted to the following categories:
Process evaluation: This may involve understanding the functioning of specific
programs and schemes. For example, you may want to understand whether
planned program activities were implemented and what factors affected program
functioning.
Public Service Delivery Surveys: Another set of questions could be to assess public
satisfaction with delivery of major administrative services and to devise solutions
for improving the service. For example – issuance of birth & death, certificates,
NSAP (Pensions) etc.
b) Relational questions: Relational questions focus on ascertaining the
correlation or causation between two or more variables. Research involving
relational questions may fall under but are not limited to the following
categories:
Impact Evaluation: The focus here will be to collect evidence to examine the impact
of a selected intervention or development scheme? For example, you may examine
whether NREGA resulted in checking out-migration and whether it has had any
impact on agriculture wages or has reservation of seats in Panchayats for women
resulted in increased budget outlays for women empowerment programs out of
untied funds?
Problem Analysis: You may take up a real problem facing the district administration
and do a thorough analysis to arrive at the root cause and then may recommend
some options for tackling the problem. For example, you may research the reasons
for poor immunization rates or why Anganwadi centers are not working as per
norms or why off-take of PDS grains is poor or what are the factors that lead small
and marginal farmers not to partake of crop insurance schemes despite general
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awareness?
Action Research: You may take up a known problem and try out a way of solving it
on a small ‘pilot’ basis. For example, you may try a well-thought-out intervention to
improve teacher attendance and document its results. While it may not be possible
for you to have a research design that will produce statistically robust results, it
would give you a chance to do an experiment scientifically and document results.
You have been provided some inputs on behavioral economics during Phase I.
Action research projects will also give you a chance to design an experiment to test
the efficacy of some of the behavioral economics approaches in tackling
development challenges. Action research projects will also include the exercise of
BPR for improving efficiency in public service delivery. This will involve flow-
charting of existing service, identifying bottlenecks and then redesigning of
processes for delivery and measuring the impact of these changes.
Identifying useful patterns in data that lead to a more informed understanding an
issue: Here the focus is not necessarily on establishing causation but simply on
understanding correlations and patterns. For example, you may want to identify
the factors that help understand vulnerability of a household or village to
malnutrition. Similarly, if your topic is “Primary School Education – a survey of
Mirzapur (UP)”, a research question could be ‘What is the correlation between the
spatial distribution of primary schools and learning outcomes?’
Although the research topic could be from any area of district administration (e.g., agriculture,
social and economic development, law and order, disaster management, delivery of services etc.),
the research will have more traction if the topic has relatively more significance in the district. For
example, if a district is generally affected by natural disasters it may be a good area to research.
Or malnutrition may be a severe problem in the district and in that event, it could be a useful area
to research. The more relevant the topic is to the needs of the district administration, greater is
the support the Researcher will receive from the Collector and other seniors in the field for the
chosen research topic and there is a fair chance that this type of research findings can be used for
taking some corrective action.
Literature Review
A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular
issue, the area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and
critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated. It
provides the reader with an idea about the current situation in terms of what has been done, and
what we know. Sometimes it includes suggestions about what needs to be done to increase the
knowledge and understanding of a particular problem.
The purpose of a literature review is to:
1. Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research
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applicable the study is to a particular context. The literature review should identify and discuss the
gaps in the literature, and argue why your research question will fill those gaps.
Theory of Change
Based on the literature review, a theory of change will emerge. Theory of Change (ToC) is a
specific type of methodology for planning, participation, and evaluation that can be used in the
government sector to promote social change. Theory of Change explains the process of change by
outlining causal linkages in an initiative, i.e., its shorter-term, intermediate, and longer-term
outcomes. Regardless of the type of research question, a theory of change provides an organizing
framework to begin answering the research question. For dissertations that seek to address a
causal question, the theory of change should discuss how the intervention or policy will affect the
outcomes of interest. For descriptive questions, the theory of change should discuss the
underlying assumptions that may explain what you are observing. If solutions are proposed, then
discussion of how these will alleviate the problem is necessary.
Research Design/Methodology
The term research design refers to the plan as well as the process for the collection of data on
various aspects being studied in order to assess empirical support for the hypotheses being
examined in a study. In this sense of use of the term, research design will include specification of
the nature of examination (for example, causal or descriptive) to be done, specification of
variables on which data is to be collected, specification of the respondents from whom the data is
to be collected (sample profile), procedures (for example, interview or self-report questionnaires)
to be used, the timing of data collection on different variables and the number of observations to
be obtained.
The nature of the research question will be closely linked to the choice of methodology. This
requires a consideration of the types of evidence to be produced to evaluate the question.
Data Collection
Regardless of whether the dissertation includes qualitative or quantitative data, the Researcher
should discuss the data collection process. For example, if it has been decided to collect primary
data, then explain the sampling strategy. This should include a description of the sample as well as
an explanation of why this particular sample is chosen. Secondly, discuss the methods which will
be used to collect the data (i.e. interviews, observation, paper surveys, etc.) as well as the process
for developing the instrument and its contents. Even if the secondary data is used, the same
explanations are required – What is the source of the data? How and when was the data
collected? Why did you choose this data? What is the size of the data and whether it is
representative at the state-, district- or block level?
Analysis plan
Here briefly discuss the overall approach used to analyze the data collected (from Primary or
Secondary Sources).
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What does the term 'more quickly' mean? What units, and what timescale, will be used to
measure this? A short-term experiment, lasting one month, may give wildly different results than
a longer-term study.
What are 'vegetables'? There are hundreds of different types of vegetable, each containing
different levels of vitamins and minerals. Are the children fed raw vegetables, or are they cooked?
How does the researcher standardize diets, and ensure that the children eat their greens?
Measures
One of the purposes of associating a variable with a concept is to make the concept measurable.
For instance, the concept leadership is not directly measurable. If you want to measure leadership
effectiveness on the performance of a particular team or organization, you need to narrow down
the concept of leadership to measurable variables. So, communicating regularly, giving regular
feedback, empathy towards fellow employees, setting clear direction, all can become part of the
study. The variables could be number of times the leader interacts with the team, number of
times feedback was given after any success or failure, the extent to which a leader structures
other persons’ work in terms of setting goals and describing the procedures for attaining goals ,
which can be measured, etc. are associated with the concept of leadership and serves as a
measurable indicator of this concept. For some concepts, such measurable indicators may be
readily available. However, in other cases, it may be necessary to devise a special means for
measuring the presence of a concept’s attributes in reality.
Typically, in the behavioral areas of management, such a measure would be in the form of a scale
that requires a respondent to provide responses, on a predefined response format, to a set of
scale items (statements). Each response option within a response format has a distinct score
associated with it. The scores associated with the respondent’s responses to individual items on
the scale are added up to arrive at the total scale score. This score reflects the total score on the
variable corresponding to the concept that the measure/scale is seeking to measure. Such scales
are developed through a process called scale development.
Results/Findings
Present the analysis and cogently demonstrate how the analysis leads to the findings and
interpretations. Use compelling tables, charts, other illustrations and narratives to increase the
potency of your argument. Remember to identify alternative explanations (or counterarguments)
to the findings and interpretations you present. For impact evaluations, alternative explanations
have a more technical meaning. To be able to truly isolate the impact of a program, it is necessary
to construct a counterfactual, or calibrate observations and results against what would have
occurred in the exact same context had the program not been implemented. Discuss which
alternative explanations for the analysis results can be ruled out and why. For example, while
assessing efficacy of an educational program and analyzing learning achievements before and
after the program, it is not enough to claim that the program had an effect because the learning
achievements improved after the program. It is quite possible that the achievements may have
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improved even in absence of the program. It is important to systematically analyze each potential
explanation for the increase, apart from the program, and comment on the feasibility of the
explanation and whether and how it affects your interpretation and findings.
Goodness of Findings/External Validity
The empirical research will typically also contain a description of the goodness of findings coming
from a research study. For instance, a research paper may describe how the study findings may be
applicable only to the study sample because of the very specific nature of the respondents (for
example, only workers in a particular profession, industry or a region), from whom the study data
was collected. This description will reflect the goodness of findings on one aspect, namely,
generalizability. The Impact Evaluations and Aggregating Evidence modules can be referred to
read more on external validity
Implications of Research Study Findings
Conclusions derived from a study may suggest implications for at least four aspects, namely,
implications for the theory from which the propositions/hypotheses were derived, implications for
the existing knowledge about the phenomenon being examined, implications for practice and
implications for future research.
Citing Limitations
Given the complexity of the complexity of issues in social science researches, it is expected from
the Researcher to be very clear about the limitations of their approach, and how they or others
can study the issue more rigorously if they have more resources and time. Therefore, including a
section on limitations of the study is very important. This may include the limitations regarding
the quality and relevance of your data and/or the alternative explanations that cannot be ruled
out. Comment on the effect of these limitations to your findings and conclusions – is it possible
that in absence of these limitations your conclusions may be substantively different? Why or Why
not? If you had more resources, explain what further data you would collect and analyze to
improve the accuracy of your conclusions.
Avoiding Plagiarism
A research paper involves the assimilation of prior scholarship and entails the responsibility to
give proper acknowledgment whenever one is indebted to another for either words or ideas. ...
Failure to give credit is plagiarism (Turabian, 1996). According to Merriam Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, to plagiarize means "to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own;
use (another's production) without crediting the source; to commit literary theft; present as new
and original an idea or product derived from an existing source" (https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/plagiarizing)
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References
1. Hulley, S.B. ed., 2007. Designing clinical research. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Turabian, K.L., Bennett, A. and Grossman, J., 1996. A Manual for Writers of
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. University of Chicago Press.
3. “Merriam-webster.com. (2019). Definition of PLAGIARIZE. [online] Available at:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize [Accessed 03 Apr.
2019].
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Annexure-VIII
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Annexure-IX
1. Simply speaking, Court is a place where Justice is administered. It includes Judges and
Magistrates. They are called "Presiding Officer". They, therefore, reflect the image of
justice. They are vested with defined powers.
2. Broadly, there are three kinds of courts – Civil, Criminal and Revenue. The fundamental
characteristic of a court is its power to give a definitive decision. Its basic function is
adjudication.
3. The main qualities, which the Presiding Officer of a court should possess, are:
rectitude, uprightness, impartiality, independence, fairness, propriety, and ability to
listen and sense of justice. He/ She should be beyond reproach and of unimpeachable
integrity and sterner stuff.
4. The crowd in the court generally consists of lawyers, litigants, law clerks, court staff
including the Bench Clerk, witnesses, prosecutors, accused, police personnel,
professional sureties, touts and spectators, besides the Presiding Officer.
5. Projecting introductory remarks in the background, this paper proceeds to present
succinctly "how to organize your court work?" It does so on the footing that you are
the Presiding Officer.
6. Hence, it is addressed to you in that capacity. It is, however, confined to court work
concerning ready cases, that is, cases ripe for hearing, which is known by the name of
"peremptory or final hearing" in legal parlance. In other words, it covers the trial part
of the court work. The arrangement, style and contents of it are bound to depart from
conventional/traditional practice. They are as formulated hereinafter: -
i. Hold your court at the appointed place during the period of time fixed for the
purpose.
ii. If you are a regular judicial officer, follow strictly the time-schedule of judicial
business determined by the High Court to which you are subordinate.
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iii. If you are an Executive Magistrate or a Revenue Officer not wholly and exclusively
meant for administration of Justice, notify by appropriate means the working hours
and the days of the week when you will hold the court to the Bar, the general
public and all concerned.
iv. In any case, take your seat in the courtroom for judicial work, punctually at the
right time.
v. Follow the court hours conscientiously and make yourself available and accessible
in open court during that period of time.
vi. Maintain utmost dignity while presiding over a court. You may commit contempt
of your court by your own miss-behaviour or abrasive conduct.
vii. You should not only be upright and fair but you should also appear to be so.
viii. By your own conduct and personal example, you should inspire confidence of the
people, including lawyers and litigants. Please remember that respect cannot be
commanded but it has to be earned.
ix. Frayed temper and bad manners, if displayed by others in the Courtroom, ought to
be dealt with by you calmly in a dignified manner in keeping with the decorum of
the court.
x. You must not smoke or permit anybody to smoke in the courtroom.
xi. You should be properly robed in accordance with the prescription, if any,
otherwise, you ought to be decently dressed.
xii. Rely more on your moral authority, persuasive skill, and agreeable personality to
maintain decorum and discipline inside the Courtroom. But in cases of
disobedience, insult, obstruction and other kinds of contempt, you have to act with
firmness in accordance with Law, whenever the acts and circumstances so require
for the ends of justice.
xiii. Exercise personal supervision and effective control over the work of the Bench
Clerk.
xiv. Please don't do anything, which may create or tend to create an impression that
the Bench clerk or any other member of the Court staff has, role to play in the
discharge of judicial business or dispensation of justice.
xv. They are there to render ministerial assistance that you may require. You must
ensure that they function within clearly demarcated boundaries.
xvi. The Bench Clerk (called "Reader" in some parts of the country) should be reliable.
A person reputed or suspected to be dishonest ought not to be placed in that
position. You should do whatever is possible to secure proper placement in this
regard.
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xvii. At the same time, a Bench Clerk is a part of the administrative apparatus attached
to the court and you cannot afford to appear to be distrustful or suspicious about
him.
xviii. All orders involving judicial determination or discretion must be written by you with
your own hand or by a clerk at your dictation or taken down by a stenographer
under your personal supervision and according to your dictation.
xix. Routine orders may be written by the Bench Clerk but have to be signed by you,
after being satisfied that they have been correctly drawn up. Under no
circumstances, an order of the Court can be permitted to be signed by the Bench
Clerk/reader.
xx. You must know the status of your files - particularly the congestion of cases, and
the chronology of all pending matters.
xxi. You should personally fix the dates for hearing of cases.
xxii. The number of cases scheduled for a particular day should be such, which you will
be in a position to take up for hearing. In other words, an element of certainty
should be their, subject of course, to unavoidable adjournments.
xxiii. Cases should be brought to trial according to their age, unless the urgency of a
particular case demands otherwise and you are convinced that it should be given
precedence.
xxiv. Don't adjourn a case fixed for hearing, unless a "sufficient cause" has been made
out, by the party applying for adjournment.
xxv. Engagement of the lawyer in another court is not a "sufficient ground". "Sufficient
cause" is a question of fact.
xxvi. You may make orders for costs occasioned by the adjournment, payable by the
party asking for it to the party put to inconvenience/hardship, to enable the latter
to recoup the loss. Postponement of hearing of cases on grounds connected with
your pressing public duties of non-judicial nature, must be avoided as far as
possible.
xxvii. If your absence from Court on a particular day becomes unavoidable and
inevitable, cases fixed for that day should be shifted to specific dates to be
announced in open court on that day, followed by publication of the Cause List
showing the adjourned dates.
xxviii. Witnesses in attendance in court should not be discharged or sent away, without
being examined.
xxix. Be courteous to a witness. He deserves your protection whenever the situation so
demands. Please don't hesitate to uphold his/her dignity against indecent attack,
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lawyers are your students. You must not be garrulous in Courts. You must avoid
the temptation to indulge in talking in court, unless it is very essential. When you
have to speak, your language must be temperate.
xli. A healthy relationship between the Bar and the Bench can be built up only on the
foundation of mutual respect.
xlii. Don't interrupt a lawyer unnecessarily or improperly while he is cross-examining a
witness. You are, however, entitled to elicit from him clarification on the point of
relevancy/admissibility of the question asked.
xliii. A lawyer is engaged to speak out for his client and you are bound to listen to him,
so long as he is within the limits set by law. You must not do anything, which may
or tend to lower his dignity or hurt his professional pride.
xliv. You, while functioning as Court, have the power to forbid in-decent and scandalous
questions and also questions intended to insult or annoy. You should not hesitate
to exercise such power whenever the situation so demands.
xlv. Nothing should prevent you from exercising proper control over proceedings in
your Court including the outward behaviour of lawyers, in the larger interest of
Justice, provided it is done bona fide in accordance with Law and in advancement
of Justice.
xlvi. While hearing augments, note down in a Note Book the material contentions
raised, important points of fact and law urged, and the references of the rulings
cited. Consider them at the appropriate stage of decision-making. Your personal
prejudice, if any, must not be allowed to play any role in decision-making.
xlvii. Take all the relevant facts and circumstances into consideration. Do what you think
is right and proper. Your conscience, informed by the law, shall be your sole guide.
You need not care what the Appellate or Revisional Court/Authority may be
disposed to decide.
xlviii. Be sure that you have the jurisdiction to act. You should not exceed the limits of
your jurisdiction. You must not also assume a jurisdiction, which Law has not
vested in you.
xlix. Every power given to you as a Judge/Magistrate is a public trust and it should be
exercised in good faith for the purpose for which it has been conferred upon you.
l. Whenever Law gives you the discretion, it is for you and you alone to exercise it
judiciously and properly. Arbitrariness is negation of the Rule of Law.
li. You have a right to note the demeanor of a witness - " his hesitations, tone, doubts,
accent, variations, confidence, calmness, evasiveness, suppressive tendency, and
how affected he is, by the questions put to him etc.".
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lii. Apply your mind to the material on record, consider carefully the contentions of
the rival parties, decide the issues justly, record your finding on each issue, giving
reasons in support thereof and spell out clearly the relief/s granted by you, if any.
liii. Your orders should be speaking orders. They should reveal application of your
mind.
liv. Deliver the order/judgement in open court as soon as possible after the arguments
of both sides are concluded.
lv. If you cannot do so then and there, fix a date for delivery of order/judgement and
inform the lawyers and parties by announcement in court and also through the
Cause List.
lvi. Pronounce all orders and operative parts of the Judgements in open Court in
regional language on the date fixed for the purpose.
lvii. Ours is not a purely adversary system. You are expected to play a positive role in
promotion of Justice. As for example, as a Criminal Court, you have discretion to
summon any witness. When it is essential to the just decision of the case before
you, it is mandatory for you to summon the material witness vide Sec. 311 Cr. P.C.
Another instance: - You are empowered to put any question in any form at any
time to any witness (vide Section 165 Indian Evidence Act). While exercising this
power, you must take care to ensure that you do not thereby trespass upon the
functions which belong to lawyers.
lviii. You, acting in the capacity of Civil, Criminal or Revenue Court, may yourself punish
certain contempt’s as mentioned in Sec. 345 Cr. P.C. Use your power u/s 345 Cr.
P.C. when it is expedient in the interest of administration of justice to do so, but
not otherwise.
lix. Your role in court is not exactly identical with that of a Referee in a Football Match,
where he blows the whistle if something goes wrong but remains absolutely
neutral. You have to be impartial, but that does not mean that you are just an
onlooker. You cannot, however, be a silent spectator when injustice is the likely
result. You cannot certainly take side but you have to be active in securing justice,
without being or appearing to be biased.
lx. Last but not the least, people have high expectations from a Court, which really
means the person presiding over it. It has been aptly observed (probably by
Professor Jafre) and I quote “He must have wisdom of Salomon, the moral vision of
Isaiah, the analytic power of Socrates, the intellectual creativity of Aristotle, the
humanity of Lincoln and impartiality of Almighty” vide the Article "The Qualities of
a Judge" by Justice M.C. Desai published in the book "The Art of a Lawyer".
7. Ultimate safeguards for humans lie in the personality of a Judge or Magistrate. I am
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sure you will struggle indefatigably and strive incessantly to come up to the
expectation and confidence the people have reposed in you.
8. Last but not the least, may I remind you of your solemn responsibility as a Presiding
Officer? Please remember that you have been placed to pilot the judicial process to
secure justice to the people, who include, among others, the deprived, disadvantaged
and underprivileged. If you do not or cannot perform your task well, the Indian Legal
System stands the risk of collapsing. The consequences of your failure are bound to be
disastrous.
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Annexure-X
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Annexure-XI
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Annexure-XII
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Annexure-XIII
Awards
The awards to be distributed at the end of IAS Professional Course Phase-II are the following:
President’s Medal for First in order of Merit at the end of Phase-II; Best performance based on
marks obtained in the UPSC Examination (2025); Foundation Course written examination and
Director’s assessment (300); Phase-I written examination and Director’s assessment (500);
District training assessment (200); Phase-II assessment (200) (Highest marks out of 3225)
Ashok Bambawale Memorial Award: This award was instituted by Smt. Sheela Bambawale in
memory of her husband, (Outstanding IAS Officer Trainee): Best performance based on marks
obtained in the Foundation Course written examination and Director’s assessment (300); IAS
Phase-I written examination and Director’s assessment (500); District Training assessment (200)
and Phase-II assessment (200) (Highest marks out of 1200) It includes a cash prize of Rs. 25,000/-
.
Subhash Dua Memorial Gold Medal: This award has been instituted by Lt. Col. Hans Raj Dua
(Retd.) in memory of his son Late Shri Subhash Dua (He is brother of Shri Ajay Kumar Dua 1971
batch. Best performance based on the marks obtained in the Phase-I written Examination and
Director’s Assessment (500); District Training (200) and Phase-II assessment (200) (Highest marks
out of 900)
L.V. Reddy Memorial Award (Shield): This Shield has been instituted by the 1985 batch in
memory of Late Shri L.V. Reddy, an IAS Officer Trainees of 1985 batch who laid his life in service of
Nation. Awarded to Officer Trainee of North-East Cadre, with highest marks in UPSC examination
(2025); Foundation Course written examination and Director’s Assessment (300); Phase-I written
examination and Director’s assessment (500); District Training assessment (200); and Phase-II
assessment (200) (Highest marks out of 3225)
G. Krishnaiya Memorial Award (Shield) : This award has been instituted by the 1985 batch in the
memory of their distinguished batch mate who laid his life in the service of the Nation. Award is
given to an Officer Trainee who writes the Best Assignments on Law submitted during District
Training.
Golden Jubilee Retreat Award Gold Medal: This award is based on the marks obtained in
synopsis of Dissertation Interim Dissertation and village study/urban slum assignment submitted
during District training. Awarded to the Officer Trainee who secured the highest total marks in
(Dissertation+ Village Study Report). This award has been instituted by Shri C.N.Penn Antony on
behalf of 1953 batch of IAS officers who came to the Academy for the Golden Jubilee retreat in
2003.
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Akshat Gupta Memorial Award: This award has been instituted in the memory of late Late Shri
Akshat Gupta, IAS, 2006 Batch, of the Uttarakhand cadre, by the family of the officer. Gold Medal
is awarded for the best written Dissertation and the next two dissertations receive Silver Medals.
Director’s Gold Medal for Non-Academic Performance: Director’s Gold medal and certificate for
excellence in non-Academic activities is awarded to an officer who excels in non-Academic
activities.
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Annexure-XIV
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Annexure-XV
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Annexure-XVI
District Postings
Sl. No. Name Of The Officers Trainees District Allotted
AGMUT
1. AMOL SRIVASTAVA MIZORAM
2. SAUMYA SHARMA DELHI
3. HARI KALLIKKAT A&NI
4. ANKIT YADAV LAKSHADWEEP
5. JYOTI KUMARI GOA
6. SUNNY KUMAR SINGH ARUNACHAL PRADESH
7. ANKITA MISHRA DD&DNH
ANDHRA PRADESH
8. PRATISHTHA MAMGAIN VISAKHAPATNAM
9. ANUPAMA ANJALI KRISHNA
10. SURAJ DHANANJAY GANORE PRAKASAM
11. HIMANSHU KAUSHIK WEST GODAVARI
12. KALPANA KUMARI NELLORE
13. NUPUR AJAYKUMAR SHRIVAS KADAPA
14. BHARGAV TEJA AMILINENI SRIKAKULAM
15. VIDEH KHARE KURNOOL
16. MOURYA NARAPUREDDY GUNTUR
17. JAHNAVI MEDIDA ANANTAPURAM
18. PRATIBHA RANI EAST GODAVARI
19. PRUDHVITEJ IMMADI CHITTOOR
ASSAM – MEGHALAYA
20. ARPIT UPADHYAYA
21. JAVIR RAHUL SURESH
22. JAGDISH CHELANI
INFORMATION AWAITED
23. ADITYA VIKRAM YADAV
24. SWAPNEEL PAUL
25. ABHILASH BARANWAL
BIHAR
26. ABHISHEK RANJAN
27. ANSHUL SINGH
28. NIKHIL DHANRAJ NIPPANIKAR
29. SHEKHAR ANAND INFORMATION AWAITED
30. AMRISHA BAINS
31. NITIN KUMAR SINGH
32. KATHAWATE MAYUR ASHOK
33. VAIBHAVA SRIVASTAVA
CHHATTISGARH
34. UTSAH CHAUDHARY DURG
35. ABHISHEK SHARMA SURGUJA
36. DEVESH KUMAR DHRUW BILASPUR
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KERALA
74. SIKHA SURENDRAN
75. MAMONI DOLEY
76. MEGHASHREE DR
77. KETAN GARG
78. CHETAN KUMAR MEENA ATI
79. RAJEEV KUMAR CHOUDHARY
80. MADHAVIKUTTY M S
81. HAARIS RASHEED
82. ANU KUMARI
MADHYA PRADESH
83. PRATHAM KAUSHIK
84. SHISHIR GEMAWAT
85. ABHISHEK CHOUDHARY
86. SIDDHARTH JAIN
87. AMAN VAISHNAV
INFORMATION AWAITED
88. TAPASYA PARIHAR
89. SHYAMBIR
90. AKSHAY KUMAR TEMRAWAL
91. SANGH PRIY
92. HARSIMRANPREET KAUR
MAHARASHTRA
93. KEERTHI KIRAN H PUJAR
94. VIKAS MEENA
95. ASHIMA MITTAL
96. ROHAN BAPURAO GHUGE INFORMATION AWAITED
97. ASHISH YEREKAR
98. VIVEK JOHNSON
99. VARSHA MEENA
MANIPUR
100. ASHUTOSH DWIVEDI TAMENGLONG
101. RAHUL RATNAM PANDEY CHURACHANDPUR
102. POOJA ELANGBAM IMPHAL WEST
NAGALAND
103. VINOD DUHAN
104. MAHENDRA PAL GURJAR INFORMATION AWAITED
105. ROHIT SINGH
ODISHA
106. SURYAWANSHI MAYUR VIKAS
107. KEERTHI VASAN V
108. BHUVANESH DEVIDAS PATIL INFORMATION AWAITED
109. SUBHANKAR MOHAPATRA
110. J SONAL
PUNJAB
111. VIRAJ SHYAMKARN TIDKE AMRITSAR
112. T BENITH PATIALA
113. VARJEET WALIA JALANDHAR
114. ANKURJEET SINGH LUDHIANA
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RAJASTHAN
115. ABHISHEK KHANNA ALWAR
116. NITHYA K AJMER
117. SHILPA SINGH JAIPUR
118. ATUL PRAKASH KOTA
119. MAYANK MANISH JODHPUR
120. T SHUBHAMANGALA UDAIPUR
121. RAM PRAKASH BANSWARA
122. DESHAL DAN PALI
123. MUHAMMAD JUNAID PP SRI GANGANAGAR
124. ABHISHEK SURANA BIKANER
RBCS
125. UGYEN DORJI RBCS
126. NGAWANG CHOPHEL RBCS
127. PHURBA TENZIN RBCS
SIKKIM
128. ANANT JAIN INFORMATION AWAITED
TAMIL NADU
129. NISHANT KRISHNA Erode
130. ANAND MOHAN Tiruvannamalai
131. MADHUBALAN L Dindigul
132. SIVAKRISHNAMURTHY.V Villupuram
133. BALACHANDER S Theni
134. SIVAGURU PRABAKARAN M Tirunelveli
135. JYOTI SHARMA Madurai
136. MONIKA RANA Salem
TELANGANA
137. MASANDA MAGDALIN PERTIN WANAPARTHY
138. ABHILASHA ABHINAV ADILABAD
139. KOYA SREE HARSHA JOGULAMBA GODWAL
140. ANUDEEP DURISHETTY BHADRADRI-KOTHAGUDEM
141. TEJAS NANDLAL PAWAR KAMAREDDY
142. KUMAR DEEPAK MANCHERIAL
143. BHORKHADE HEMANT SAHADEORAO KOMARAMBHEEM ASIFABAD
144. ADARSH SURABHI KHAMMAM
TRIPURA
145. AKSHAY LABROO
146. SAHILA INFORMATION AWAITED
147. MANISH KUMAR (84)
UTTAR PRADESH
148. SANDEEP BHAGIA PRAYAGRAJ
149. RISHI RAJ MEERUT
150. PREM PRAKASH MEENA BASTI
151. JAG PRAVESH MATHURA
152. KULDEEP MEENA MUZFFARNAGAR
153. ANUBHAV SINGH GORAKHPUR
154. SANJEEV KUMAR MAURYA JHANSI
155. SUDHIR KUMAR BAREILLY
156. SAI TEJA SEELAM KANPUR NAGAR
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