Vehicle To Grid

Integration of the Vehicle to Grid Technology
INTEGRATION OF THE VEHICLE TO

GRID TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by: Under the guidance of:

GREESHMA P
1BI16EE018 Dr. H B NAGESH
Associate Professor
Dept. of EEE, BIT
ABSTRACT- With the increasing pollution level and environmental threats,

the 21st century is moving towards green and sustainable like plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles. They have vast scope and capabilities of energy storage. This
feature of vehicles is making them to utilize for energy storage and distribute/sell
it during 'peak' demand. The vehicle to grid (V2G) technology with some
improvement may present a promising solution for future energy problems. The
features, applications and advantages of V2G are presented. Many programs by
automotive industries, power generation units and government of different
countries are being performed to make V2G technology viable for future use.
I. INTRODUCTION
Increasing pollution level and global warming are the major areas of
concern as the era head deeper into the current century. Emissions of greenhouse
gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
unburned hydrocarbons (HCs) in large amount have caused environmental
pollution and global warming. A lot of these emissions are caused for the
fulfilment of the basic human requirements such as electricity production,
transportation, industrial and commercial purposes [1].
Dept. of EEE, BIT 2019-2020

The modern transport sector relies on the internal combustion engine based
vehicles which use petroleum to propel the vehicle and emit toxic gases;
ultimately causing harm to the environment and human life [2]. Eventually, there
has been a search for a more efficient and clean vehicle. Due to the continuous
decreasing level of fuel and energy resources, hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric
(PHEVs) vehicles are in the spotlight for quite a while now. They are being seen
as the future of transportation with combustible fuel resources depleting fast.
Owing to the need of efficient electric drive systems and consumer interest in
PHEVs, major automotive manufacturers began launching PHEVs in 2010. The
number of PHEVs has grown over the years and the stored on-board energy in
the electrical storage systems (ESS) can be harnessed to provide additional
functionalities. Most of the customer-owned vehicles stay parked more often than
they are driven. This offers an opportunity to utilize their stored energy while
they are idle. The predictions reveals that, the vehicle fleet can contribute up to
two-thirds of the forecasted peak load [5].
Since the ESS on board in an electric vehicle allow two way power flow, they
can be used to take power from or supply power to a connected grid. The Vehicle-
to-Grid (V2G) concept stands on this principle. It describes a system in which
plug-in electric vehicles communicate with the power grid when not in use and
provide power to the grid during peak power requirements and get charged from
the grid during off peak hours. The fundamental idea is to set up an exchange
system between the grid and a vehicle with electrical energy storage capabilities
to benefit both the parties involved [3-4].
The applications of V2G are vast and provides a wide array of possibilities for
reliable power generation and storage. V2G also promises a more sustained
approach where the environment is also a major concern.

2. REFERENCES
1. United States environmental protection Agency, “Sources of

greenhouse gas emissions”,
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources.html.
2. A. Panday and H. O. Bansal, "Green Transportation: Need,
Technology and Challenges", Int. J. Global Energy Issues, Inderscience
publishers, Vol. 37, No. 5/6, pp. 304-318.
3. A. Briones, J. Francfort, P. Heitmann, M. Shey, S. Shey and J. Smart,
“Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power flow regulations and building codes
review by the AVTA”, INL/EXT-12-26853, September 2012.
4. A. Ashouri, M. J. Benz and L. Guzzella, “Comparing control
strategies for EV and PHEV fleets providing regulation ancillary
services”, 2012 IEEE Int. Conf. Control Applications, Dubrovnik,
Croatia, October 3-5, 2012, pp. 739 - 744.
5. R. Sioshansi and P. Denholm, “The value of plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles as grid resources”, Energy Journal , vol. 31, no. 3, paper no.
01/2010.
6. A. B. Rolufs, "Kansas City Plug-In Electric Vehicle Demonstration
Project", Missouri Transportation Institute, Missouri university of
science and engineering.

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Vehicle To Grid

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Integration of the Vehicle to Grid Technology

INTEGRATION OF THE VEHICLE TO

Submitted by: Under the guidance of:

ABSTRACT- With the increasing pollution level and environmental threats,

Dept. of EEE, BIT 2019-2020

Dept. of EEE, BIT 2019-2020

1. United States environmental protection Agency, “Sources of

Dept. of EEE, BIT 2019-2020

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