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    Digital Audio Video - Chap3 - Jul2009

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    khairitkr
    This document provides an overview of sound editing software and processes. It discusses the editing interface, effects like reverb and pitch shift, and non-destructive vs destructive editing. Key functions covered include recording audio, viewing audio files in mono vs stereo, and using processes like equalization, compression, reversing, and time stretching audio. The goal is to understand how to utilize the various effects and editing capabilities in audio editing applications.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Digital Audio Video - Chap3 - Jul2009

    Uploaded by

    khairitkr
    73 views44 pages
    This document provides an overview of sound editing software and processes. It discusses the editing interface, effects like reverb and pitch shift, and non-destructive vs destructive editing. Key functions covered include recording audio, viewing audio files in mono vs stereo, and using processes like equalization, compression, reversing, and time stretching audio. The goal is to understand how to utilize the various effects and editing capabilities in audio editing applications.

    Original Title

    Digital Audio Video_Chap3_Jul2009

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    This document provides an overview of sound editing software and processes. It discusses the editing interface, effects like reverb and pitch shift, and non-destructive vs destructive editing. Key functions covered include recording audio, viewing audio files in mono vs stereo, and using processes like equalization, compression, reversing, and time stretching audio. The goal is to understand how to utilize the various effects and editing capabilities in audio editing applications.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    73 views44 pages

    Digital Audio Video - Chap3 - Jul2009

    Uploaded by

    khairitkr
    This document provides an overview of sound editing software and processes. It discusses the editing interface, effects like reverb and pitch shift, and non-destructive vs destructive editing. Key functions covered include recording audio, viewing audio files in mono vs stereo, and using processes like equalization, compression, reversing, and time stretching audio. The goal is to understand how to utilize the various effects and editing capabilities in audio editing applications.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 44

    IMD20503 – Digital Audio and Video

    Sound Editing
    Editing Interface
    Sound effects
    Objectives

    • Students should be able to:


    – Know the editing interface of most sound editing
    application.
    – Utilize the effects and processes available in the
    software.
    Introduction

    • There are a lot of software packages that you can use to


    create audio assets.
    • Find out which one is the best to suits your requirements
    and stick with it.
    • Most of the software packages can perform similar
    functions.
    • There are many other add-ons and plug-ins that can be
    applied.
    • Recording, editing and adding effects and processes to
    audio files are the most common tasks that can be done
    with an audio software.
    Destructive and Nondestructive
    Editing
    • There are 2 types of altering an audio file when editing :
    1. Nondestructive editing
    – Refers to editing that takes place when effects are
    applied to audio files and the result may be rendered to
    a new file while keeping the original.
    – When an audio file is opened, a copy of that file is
    made to protect the original file.
    – This allows mistakes or poor judgment to be corrected
    without any loss to the original file
    Destructive and Nondestructive
    Editing
    2. Destructive editing
    – Refers to editing that is applied directly to the data of an
    original audio file, the result of which may then be
    saved.
    – When a file is directly worked on and the mistakes and
    errors are made, the only way to recover back to the
    point before the mistake is to “undo”.

    Always
    Always make
    make backups
    backups ofof the
    the original
    original audio
    audio files
    files even
    even when
    when you
    you are
    are
    sure
    sure of
    of the
    the types
    types of
    of editing
    editing you
    you are
    are using
    using
    Recording Audio

    Windows Audio Playback Interface


    Recording Audio

    Windows Audio Recording Interface


    Microphone to Computer

    • Most sound cards have a mic in and line in port.


    • Just plug a microphone into the 1/8 inch jack on the sound
    card and record.
    • Noise might exist due to the radio frequencies inside the
    computer tower and cable length also plays a role in noise
    during recording.
    DC Offset
    • It occurs when a signal coming into the sound card from an
    input device does not line up properly on the zero baseline.
    • This is due to an electrical mismatch between the input
    device and the sound card.

    Some software allows DC


    adjust before recording
    Software Recording Interface
    • Key area to look for :
    – Control panel (recording
    button and playback for
    audio)
    – Level meters
    • Should be around -6dB
    to -3dB to avoid
    clipping.
    • Clipping occurs when a
    signal entering the
    system is more
    powerful than the
    system can handle. Clipping indication
    • It result in poor
    recording.
    Clipping

    Well recorded signal

    Signal with clipping


    Editor
    1. Stereo editor
    • An application that facilitates the digital recording and
    editing.
    • User can decides whether to record the audio as
    mono track or stereo track file.
    • Can mix multiple stereo files on top of one another but
    will not be able to edit and manipulate any of the
    specific tracks
    2. Multi track editor
    • Can mix multiple tracks and master them.
    • User will be able to edit or manipulate each track
    separately.
    Viewing Audio Files
    1. Mono
    • Mono recording is a single file
    • Showed as a single graphical representation of
    the audio file.
    • Used primarily for voice recording and for
    preparation for broadcasting or Internet
    distribution.
    • The sampling rate and bit depth play an important
    part but the size of mono file is half the size of
    stereo file because it is only a single channel.
    Viewing Audio Files
    2. Stereo
    • Consist of 2 channels (left and right)
    • Used for most projects but the size of these audio
    files must be considered.
    • Always make the highest quality recording and
    downgrade it when you need to.
    Effects
    • Less is better than more
    • Below are some common effects in audio editing
    applications :
    – Reverb
    – Echo
    – Pitch Shift/ Pitch Bend
    – Noise Gate
    – Compressor
    – Chorus
    – Flange/Wah-wah
    Effects
    • Reverb
    – Think of reverb as a series of echo that overlap
    – This overlapping of signals creates a continuous
    sound that eventually decays to zero.
    – Used to sweeten up a dialogue track or to create
    the impression that the sound is in a acoustically
    reverberant room.
    – e.g. concert halls usually have a decay of about
    1.5 to 2.5 seconds long and smaller halls may
    have 1- to 1.5- second reverb times.
    Effects

    Reverb Window
    Effects
    • Echo
    – Echo is what you hear in very large spaces with
    reflective walls.
    – It simply is the decaying repeat of an entire sound
    signal.
    – A simple echo effect can create a sense of great
    size and depth.
    – Use it only when it is useful for the sound design’s
    intention.
    – Overuse of this effect becomes redundant and
    boring.
    Effects

    Echo Window
    Effects
    • Pitch Shift / Pitch Bend
    – Pitching and bending a sound increases or
    decreases its overall frequency.
    – Meant for instrumental sounds but can be applied
    to nonpitched sound effects as well.
    – Used when the sound needs to be at a higher or
    lower frequency.
    Effects

    Pitch Bend Window

    Pitch Shift Window


    Effects
    • Noise Gate
    – Noise gate removes all audio content below a
    given threshold.
    – Used to wipe out unwanted noise, tape hiss and
    low-level hum, which is usually present in less
    than fantastic studios.
    Effects

    Noise Gate Window


    Effects
    • Compressor
    – Can bring audio material up to specification with
    professional recordings.
    – Used to even out an audio file.
    – It shrinks the dynamic range of a piece of music.
    – The quietist or loudest parts will become closer to
    each other dynamically.
    Effects
    • Chorus
    – It takes the original signal and slightly delays the
    signal.
    – All of this is heard at the same time, giving a very
    solid thick sound.
    – It creates many voices or sounds from a single
    voice or sound.
    Effects

    Chorus Window
    Effects
    • Flange/Wah-wah
    – Create a kind of sweeping or full sound.
    – Electric guitars are heard with some kind of
    flanger or wah-wah.
    Effects

    Flange/Wah-wah Window
    Processes
    • Other form of effects
    • Can be used to alter and enhance sounds.
    • Below are some processes:
    – Equalization (Graphic and Parametric, Paragraphic)
    – Volume Control
    – Reverse/Invert
    – Normalizing
    – Time Stretch
    – Insert Silence
    Processes
    • Equalization (Graphic and Parametric, Paragraphic)
    – Create a filter for the audio.
    – 3 types of equalizers:
    1. Graphic
    • General equalizer.
    • Allows the user to define (envelope graph), the
    settings that are appropriate for the audio file.
    Processes

    Graphic EQ Window
    Processes
    – 3 types of equalizers:
    2. Paragraphic
    • Used to specify a select group of frequencies,
    depending on the paragraphic EQ used, for
    attenuation or for boosting.
    • Very useful to notch or cut out certain
    frequencies like hum from an underground
    wire.
    Processes

    Paragraphic EQ Window
    Processes
    – 3 types of equalizers:
    3. Parametric
    • The most specific equalizer.
    • Allows very discrete changes to be made to a
    sound file.
    • Usually there are a set of filters that
    accommodates this :
    – Low-frequency shelf filter
    – High-frequency shelf filter
    – Band-pass filter
    – Notch filter
    Processes

    Parametric EQ Window
    Processes
    • Volume Control
    – Allows the volume of the file to be reduced entirely or
    in part by selecting a region and applying the effect.
    Processes
    • Reverse/Invert
    – In reverse the audio file is reversed.
    – Mixing fragments of reversed audio on top of other
    files has a particular effect.
    – Inverting a sound reverse the polarity of the sound
    wave.
    Processes
    • Normalizing
    – It is like Adjusting the volume of the audio file.
    – It takes the highest peak and pulls it up to the level set
    by the user (in dB).
    Processes
    • Time Stretch
    – The process whereby the length of a sound file can
    be increased.
    – Different types of sound applications have different
    parameters, but usually there are three ways :
    • By time
    • By tempo
    • By percentage
    Processes

    Time Stretch Window


    Processes
    • Insert Silence
    – The process of inserting silence into a file has the
    effect of extending it naturally.
    – Useful when creating a narration track.
    – When voice needs to synchronize with a video track,
    the silence that is inserted can strategically be placed.
    – Also useful to add reverb to a file that was edited too
    short in length.
    Processes

    Insert Silence Window


    Summary

    • Editing interface in Sound Forge


    • Effects and processes in Sound Forge

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