Data Types/Data Structures

(Tuples and Lists)

Numbers

Immutable Strings

Tuple
Data Type
List

Mutable Set

Dictionary
Tuple
 Tuple
• Tuple is a collection of like/unlike items similar to
list.
• Tuple is immutable.
• In Tuple objects are separated by commas and are
placed in parentheses ().
Syntax:
tuple = (value1, value2, value3,...valueN)
 Tuple (contd...)
• Tuples can also represented without any
parentheses.
For Example: -
tup1=56,
Or
tup2 =12,16,15,18
• To access the elements of the tuples, indexing can be
used.
print(tup2[3])
• Negative Indexing can be done.
print(tup2[-1])
 Tuple(contd...)
As they are immutable any modification if done will
lead to an error in tuple.
For eg: -
orderItem=(1, "Jeff", "Computer", 75.50, True)
orderItem[2]="Laptop“

TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item

>>> t1=(1,2,3)
Returns a tuple containing >>> t2=(4,5,6)
all the elements of the first >>> t1+t2
+ Concatenation
and the second tuple (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
object. >>> t2+(7,)
(4, 5, 6, 7)

>>> t1=(1,2,3)
Concatenates multiple >>> t1*4
* Repetition
copies of the same tuple. (1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2,
3)
 Operations on Tuples
>>> t1=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
>>> t1[3]
Returns the item at the given index. A negative index
[] slice 4
counts the position from the right side.
>>> t1[-2]
5
>>> t1=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
Fetches the items in the range specified by two index >>> t1[1:3]
operands separated by the : symbol. (2, 3)
[ : ] - Range slice If the first operand is omitted, the range starts at zero >>> t1[3:]
index. If the second operand is omitted, the range goes (4, 5, 6)
up to the end of tuple. >>> t1[:3]
(1, 2, 3)
>>> t1=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
>>> 5 in t1
in Returns true if an item exists in the given tuple. True
>>> 10 in t1
False
>>> t1=(1,2,3,4,5,6)
>>> 4 not in t1
not in Returns true if an item does not exist in the given tuple. False
>>> 10 not in t1
True
 Built-in Tuple Methods
• len()
Returns the number of elements in the tuple.
t1=(12,45,43,8,35)
len(t1)
5
• max()
If the tuple contains numbers, the highest number will be returned. If the
tuple contains strings, the one that comes last in alphabetical order will
be returned.
t1=(12, 45, 43, 8, 35)
max(t1)
45
t2=('python', 'java', 'C++')
max(t2)
'python'
 Built-in Tuple Methods
• min()
If the tuple contains numbers, the lowest number will be
returned. If the tuple contains strings, the one that comes
first in alphabetical order will be returned.
t1=(12,45,43,8,35)
min(t1)
8
t2=('python', 'java', 'C++')
min(t2)
'C++'
Mutable Data Types
Lists
 Lists
• Usually lists are homogenous collection of the data, but
python support both heterogeneous as well as homogenous.
• It is an ordered sequence of items.
• Values in the lists are separated by comma and enclosed in
square brackets [ ].
Syntax:
list = [value1, value2, value3,...valueN]
For example:-
names=["Jeff", "Bill", "Steve", "Mohan"]
orderItem=[1, "Jeff", "Computer", 75.50, True]
 Lists (Contd...)
• Each individual element in the sequence is accessed by the
index in the square brackets []. An index starts with zero, as
shown below.
orderItem=[1, "Jeff", "Computer", 75.50, True]
orderItem[0]
#Output: - 1
orderItem[1]
#Output: - 'Jeff'
orderItem[2]
#Output: - 'Computer'
 Lists (Contd...)
• The list object is mutable. It is possible to modify its
contents, which will modify the value in the memory.
• For instance, item at index 2 in orderItem can be modified as
shown below.
orderItem=[1, "Jeff", "Computer", 75.50, True]
orderItem[2]="Laptop“
orderItem
#Output: - [1, "Jeff", "Laptop", 75.50, True]
 Lists (Contd...)
del keywords :- Use the del keyword to delete the list object.
del languages
languages
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'languages' is not defined
 Operations on Lists
• Like the string, the list is also a sequence. Hence, the
operators used with strings are also available for use with
the list (and tuple also).
Operator Description Example
>>> L1=[1,2,3]
Returns a list containing all the elements >>> L2=[4,5,6]
+ Concatenation
of the first and the second list. >>> L1+L2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> L1*4
Concatenates multiple copies of the same
* Repetition [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2,
list.
3]
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Returns the item at the given index. A >>> L1[3]
[] slice negative index counts the position from 4
the right side. >>> L1[-2]
5
 Operations on Lists
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Fetches items in the range specified by the two index >>> L1[1:4]
operands separated by : symbol. [2, 3, 4]
[ : ] - Range slice If the first operand is omitted, the range starts from the >>> L1[3:]
zero index. If the second operand is omitted, the range [4, 5, 6]
goes up to the end of the list. >>> L1[:3]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> 4 in L1
in Returns true if an item exists in the given list. True
>>> 10 in L1
False
>>> L1=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> 5 not in L1
not in Returns true if an item does not exist in the given list. False
>>> 10 not in L1
True
 Built-in List Methods
• len()
The len() method returns the number of elements in the list/tuple.
L1=[12,45,43,8,35]
len(L1)
5
• max()
The max() method returns the largest number, if the list contains numbers. If
the list contains strings, the one that comes last in alphabetical order will be
returned.
L1=[12,45,43,8,35]
max(L1)
45
L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++']
max(L2)
'Python'
 Built-in List Methods
• min()
The min() method returns the smallest number, if the list contains
numbers. If the list contains strings, the one that comes first in
alphabetical order will be returned.
L1=[12, 45, 43, 8, 35]
min(L1)
8
L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++']
min(L2)
'C++‘
 Built-in List Methods
• append()
Adds an item at the end of the list.
L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++']
L2.append('PHP')
L2
['Python', 'Java', 'C++', 'PHP']
• insert()
Inserts an item in a list at the specified index.
L2=['Python', 'Java', 'C++']
L2.insert(1,'Perl')
L2
['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
 Built-in List Methods
• remove()
Removes a specified object from the list.
L2=['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
L2.remove('Java')
L2
['Python', 'Perl', 'C++']
• pop()
Removes and returns the last object in the list.
L2=['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
L2.pop()
'C++‘
L2
['Python', 'Perl', 'Java']
 Built-in List Methods
• reverse()
Reverses the order of the items in a list.
L2=['Python', 'Perl', 'Java', 'C++']
L2.reverse()
L2
['C++', 'Java', 'Perl', 'Python']
 Built-in List Methods
• sort()
Rearranges the items in the list according to the alphabetical
order. Default is the ascending order. For descending order,
put reverse=True as an argument in the function bracket.
L2=['Python', 'C++', 'Java', 'Ruby']
L2.sort()
L2
['C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Ruby']
L2.sort(reverse=True)
L2
['Ruby', 'Python', 'Java', 'C++']
 Built-in List Methods
The following utility functions help in converting one
sequence data type to another.
• list()
Converts a tuple or string to a list object.
t2=('python', 'java', 'C++')
list(t2)
['python', 'java', 'C++']
s1="Tutorials“
list(s1)
['T', 'u', 't', 'o', 'r', 'i', 'a', 'l', 's']
 Built-in List Methods
• tuple()
Converts a list or string to a tuple object.
L2=['C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Ruby']
tuple(L2)
('C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Ruby')
s1="Tutorials“
tuple(s1)
('T', 'u', 't', 'o', 'r', 'i', 'a', 'l', 's')
 List Comprehensions
Let us consider a list of squares of even numbers:
In Normal way:
squares_of_even=[]
for n in range(10):
if n%2==0:
squares_of_even.append(n*n)
print(squares_of_even)
 List Comprehensions
• General syntax of List Comprehensions
new_list=[new_item for item in input_list ]
new_list=[new_item for item in input_list if some_condition]
 List Comprehensions
• Squares of even numbers:
squares_of_even=[n*n for n in range(10) if (n%2==0)
print(squares_of_even)