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    Averteb

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    Enzo Albantani
    Pseudocoelomates are a diverse group of bilateral animals that possess a pseudocoel, which is a body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall that is not lined with peritoneum like true coelomates. They belong to the protostomia division but evolved independently from different acoelomate ancestors. The nine phyla of pseudocoelomates - Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Priapulida, Acanthocephala, and Entoprocta - differ greatly from each other but share an epidermal body wall.

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    Averteb

    Uploaded by

    Enzo Albantani
    17 views2 pages
    Pseudocoelomates are a diverse group of bilateral animals that possess a pseudocoel, which is a body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall that is not lined with peritoneum like true coelomates. They belong to the protostomia division but evolved independently from different acoelomate ancestors. The nine phyla of pseudocoelomates - Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Priapulida, Acanthocephala, and Entoprocta - differ greatly from each other but share an epidermal body wall.

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    Pseudocoelomates are a diverse group of bilateral animals that possess a pseudocoel, which is a body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall that is not lined with peritoneum like true coelomates. They belong to the protostomia division but evolved independently from different acoelomate ancestors. The nine phyla of pseudocoelomates - Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Priapulida, Acanthocephala, and Entoprocta - differ greatly from each other but share an epidermal body wall.

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    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    17 views2 pages

    Averteb

    Uploaded by

    Enzo Albantani
    Pseudocoelomates are a diverse group of bilateral animals that possess a pseudocoel, which is a body cavity between the digestive tract and body wall that is not lined with peritoneum like true coelomates. They belong to the protostomia division but evolved independently from different acoelomate ancestors. The nine phyla of pseudocoelomates - Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Priapulida, Acanthocephala, and Entoprocta - differ greatly from each other but share an epidermal body wall.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Position in Animal Kingdom

    In the nine phyla covered in this chapter, the Original blastocoel of the embryo persists as
    a space, or body cavity, between the enteron and body wall. Because this cavity lacks the
    peritoneal lining found in true coelomates, it is called a pseudocoel, and the animals
    possessing it are called pseudocoelomates. Pseudocoelomates belong to the protostomia
    division of bilateral animals, but they are polyphyletic (derived independently from more
    than one acoelomate ancestor)

    Biological Contributions
    1. The pseudocoel is a distinct gradation in body plan compared with the solid body
    structure of acoelomates. The pseudocoel may be filled with fluid or may contain
    a gelatinous substance with some mesenchyme cells. In common with a true
    coelom, in presents certain adaptive potentials, although these are by no means
    realized in all members: (1) greater freedom of movement; (2) space from
    development and differentiation of digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems;
    (3) a simple means of circulation or distribution of materials throughout the body;
    (4) a storage place for waste products to be discharged to the outside by excretory
    ducts; and (5) a hydrostatic organ. Since most pseudocoelomates are quite small,
    the most important functions of the pseudocoel are probably in circulation and as
    a means to maintain a high internal hydrostatic pressure.
    2. A complete, mouth-to-anus digestive tract is found in these phyla and in all more
    complex phyla.

    Pseudocoelomates
    Vertebrates and more complex invertebrates have a true coelom, or peritoneal
    cavity, which is formed in the mesoderm during embryonic development and is therefore
    lined with a layer of mesodermal epithelium, the peritoneum (Figure 15-1).
    Pseudocoelomate phyla have a pseudocoel rather than a true coelom. It is derived from
    the embryonic blastocoel rather than from a secondary cavity within the mesoderm. It is a
    space between the gut and the mesodermal and ectodermal components of the body wall,
    and it is not lined with peritoneum.
    Nine distinct groups of animals belong to the pseudocoelomate category: Rotifera,
    Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Loricifera, Priapulida,
    Acanthocephala, and Entoprocta. Since the first five of these groups have certain
    similarities, they formerly were placed as classes in a phylum called Aschelminthes
    (as’kelmin’theez) (Gr. Askos, bladder, + helmins. Worm). However, they differ so much
    that their phylogenetic relationships are highly debatable, and they are now considered
    separate phyla. Some group the five loosely as individual phyla under a superphylum
    Aschelminthes. The Entroprocta have sometimes been grouped with the Ectoprocta,
    together called the Bryozoa (moss animals). However, because the ectoprocts have a true
    coelom, they are usually considered a separate phylum, and the term “bryozoans” is
    currently taken to exclude the entoprocts.
    Molecular evidence now suggests that Protostomia is composed of two large
    groups that diverged in the Precambrian: Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. Some
    pseudocoelomate phyla apparently belong in each of these groups (p. 320).
    However one classifies them, pseudocoelomates are a heterogeneous assemblage
    of animals. Most of them are small: some all microscopic: some are fairly large. Some,
    such as nematodes, are found in freshwater, marine, terrestrial, and parasitic habitats;
    other, such as Acanthocephala. Are strictly parasitic. Some have unique characteristics,
    such as the lacunar system of acanthocephalans or the ciliated corona of rotifers.
    Even in such a diversified grouping, some characteristics are shared. All have a body wall
    of epidermis.

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