Example Problems 1

1. An experiment was installed to test 4 rates of Zn on cabbage. There were 3 replicates and the
experiment was installed in a randomized complete block design. The yields are given in the
table below.

Treatment Block
kg Zn/ha
I II III
0 3.5 3.8 3.7
5 3.9 4.2 4.4
10 4.0 4.4 4.8
15 4.3 4.2 4.9

A. Calculate the analysis of variance for this data set and perform the appropriate F tests.
Write the formula for each statistic calculated.

B. Subdivide the treatment SS into single df using 2 sets of orthogonal comparisons.

C. Calculate the SS for the orthogonal comparisons for trends using the orthogonal
comparison method and perform the F tests.

D. Interpret the results.

2. Three varieties of cowpeas were grown in pots arranged in a completely randomized design.
The dry matter yields are given in the table below.

Variety
Sample
A B C
1 2 8 11
2 4 7 10
3 3 9 12

a. Calculate the analysis of variance for the experiment conducted as a CR design.

b. Compare variety A with Others in the analysis of variance.

c. Compare variety B with variety C in the analysis of variance.

d. Perform the appropriate F tests and interpret the results.

e. Write out the analysis of variance (sources of variation and df) for this experiment
installed in a randomized complete block design.

3. Provide the ANOVA (sources of variation and df) for an experiment in which 6 varieties of
grapefruit were grown in 3 replicates in a randomized complete block design with data collected
as indicated.

A. Without sampling.
B. With 5 fruits sampled/variety/rep.
C. With 2 determinations made for acidity per fruit.
D. Indicate the F tests with arrows for the 3 ANOVAs above for the random model.

4. Write our the ANOVA (sources of variation and df) for the following experiments. Subdivide
the treatment df where appropriate and indicate the F test(s) with arrows for the fixed and
random models.

A. Three (3) varieties of wheat were compared in a completely randomized design with 4
plots of each variety.

B. Four (4) feeding rations were evaluated on 3 breeds of chickens. There were 5 chickens
in a pen for each treatment (considered as samples) and the treatments were replicated 4
times. The experiment was installed in a randomized complete block design.

C. Five (5) fruits were taken from each of 4 tangerine trees and each fruit was analyzed for
sugar content with 2 determinations being made for each fruit.

D. Three (3) herbicides were evaluated on three (3) varieties of sugarcane. Each treatment
was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design.

E. The effects of 3 rates of N, 2 rates of P and 4 rates of K in factorial combinations were

evaluated with corn. Three (3) replicates were installed in a randomized complete block
design.

5. Write out the orthogonal coefficients for the treatment combinations below. Indicate the df for
the comparisons.

A. Four (4) varieties of sorghum (A, B, C, D) where variety A is the standard variety for the
area.

B. Three (3) levels of P (0, 100, 200 kg/ha) in factorial combination with 2 levels of Zn (0,
10 kg/ha). Write out 2 sets of comparisons.

C. Six (6) herbicides are compared. Two are preemergence herbicides and 4 are
postemergence herbicides.
D. Five (5) varieties of sweet corn with 2 varieties that are early maturing and 3 varieties
that are late maturing.

6. Red clover plants were inoculated with 6 strains of Rhozobium and the nitrogen content of the
plants was later determined. Each treatment was replicated 5 times and the experiment was
conducted as a completely randomized design. The analysis of variance indicated that there was
a highly significant difference between strains. The MSE was 11.79. The treatment means are
given in the table below.

Rhizobium strains
1 2 3 4 5 6
N content (mg)
Means 28.8 24.0 14.6 19.9 13.3 19.4

A. Compare the treatment means using the LSD (use lines and letters).

B. Compare the treatment means using Duncan’s multiple range test (use letters).

7. Assuming and LSD of 3.4 compare the following means using lines and letters.

Treatments K0 K1 K2 K3 K4
Means 12 17 21 22 24

8. Assuming Duncan’s shortest significant difference values of

p= 2 3 4 5
D= 4.8 5.1 5.4 6.0

Compare the following sets of means.

A. 31, 30, 25, 24, 20

B. 37, 33, 31, 29, 25, 20
 Example Problems 1 Answers

1. A.
F Required
Source df SS MS F F.05 F.01
Block 2 0.552 0.276 7.26* 5.14 10.92
Zn (3) 1.18 0.393 10.34** 4.76 9.78
Zn linear 1 1.0402 1.0402 27.37** 5.99 13.75
Zn quad 1 0.1408 0.1408 3.7
Zn cubic 1 0.0015 0.0015
Error 6 0.228 0.038 Error for all F tests
Total 11 1.96

1. B.
Zn
0 5 10 15 df
1st Set
0 vs others -3 1 1 1 1
5 vs (10 & 15) 0 -2 1 1 1
10 vs 15 0 0 -1 1 1
2nd Set
linear -3 -1 1 3 1
quadratic 1 -1 -1 1 1
cubic -1 3 -3 1 1

1. C. SSlin = 1.0401 SSquad = 0.1408 SScubic = 0.0015

1. D. There is a highly significant linear response to Zn. Yields increase linearly as Zn

applications increase.
2. A.
F Required
Source df SS MS F F.05 F.01
Bet. Var. (2) 98 49 49.00** 5.14 10.92
A vs Others 1 84.5 84.5 84.50** 5.99 13.75
B vs C 1 13.5 13.5 13.50*
Within Var 6 6.0 1.00 Error for all F tests
Total 8 104.0

2. B.
Variety
A B C df
A vs Others -2 1 1 1
B vs C 0 -1 1 1

2. C. SS A vs Others = 84.5 SS B vs C = 13.5

2. D. Dry matter yields of variety A were highly significantly lower than those of varieties B
and C, which were not significantly different from each other.

2. E. As RCBD
Source df
Block 2
Variety 2
Error 4 Error for all F tests
Total 8

3. A. Source df
Block 2
Variety 5
Error 10 Error for all F tests
Total 17
3. B. Source df
Block 2
Variety 5
Expt Error 10 Error for testing block and variety
Sampling Error 72 (s-1) b v = 4 x 3 x6, Error for testing Expt Error
Total 89

3. C. Source df
Block 2
Variety 5
Expt Error 10 Error for testing block and variety
Fruit (Blk, Var) 72 (s-1) b v = 4 x 3 x 6, Error for testing Expt Error
Dtm (Frt/Blk,Var) 90 (d-1) s b v = 1 x 5 x 3 x 6, Error for testing Fruit
Total 179

3. D. F tests shown above

4. A. Source df Random
Between Var M1 2 M1/M2
Within Var M2 9
Total 11

4. B. Source df Fixed Random

Block M1 3 M1/M6 M1/M6
Trt M2 (11) M2/M6 M2/M6
Breeds M3 2 M3/M6 M3/M5
Rations M4 3 M4/M6 M4/M5
BxR M5 6 M5/M6 M5/M6
Expt Error M6 33 M6/M7 M6/M7
Sample Error M7 192
Total 239

4. C. Source df Random
Trees M1 3 M1/M2
Fruit/Tree M2 16 M2/M3
Dtm/Fruit/Tree M3 20
Total 39
4. D. Source df Fixed Random
Block M1 3 M1/M6 M1/M6
Trt M2 (8) M2/M6 M2/M6
Herb M3 2 M3/M6 M3/M5
Var M4 2 M4/M6 M4/M5
Herb x Var M5 4 M5/M6 M5/M6
Error M6 24
Total 35

4. E. Source df Fixed Random

Block M1 2 M1/M10 M1/M10
Trt M2 (23) M2/M10 M2/M10
N M3 2 M3/M10 M3/M5
P M4 1 M4/M10 M4/M5
NxP M5 2 M5/M10 M5/M9
K M6 3 M6/M10 M6/M9
NxK M7 6 M7/M10 M7/M9
PxK M8 3 M8/M10 M8/M9
NxPxK M9 6 M9/M10 M9/M10
Error M10 46
Total 71

5. A.
Varieties
A (std) B C D df
A vs others -3 1 1 1 1
B vs C+D 0 -2 1 1 1
C vs D 0 0 -1 1 1

5. B.
P0Z0 P0Z10 P100Z0 P100Z10 P200Z0 P200Z10 df
P0 vs P100+P200 -2 -2 1 1 1 1 1
P100 vs P200 0 0 -1 -1 1 1 1
Z0 vs Z10 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1
P0vsP100+P200xZ 2 -2 -1 1 -1 1 1
P100vsP200xZ 0 0 1 -1 -1 1 1

P0Z0 P0Z10 P100Z0 P100Z10 P200Z0 P200Z10 df

 P linear -1 -1 0 0 1 1 1
P quadratic 1 1 -2 -2 1 1 1
Z0 vs Z10 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1
Plin x Z 1 -1 0 0 -1 1 1
Pquad x Z -1 1 2 -2 -1 1 1

5. C.
Preemergence Postemergence
A B C D E F df
Pre vs Post -2 -2 1 1 1 1 1
A vs B -1 1 0 0 0 0 1
C vs DEF 0 0 -3 1 1 1 1
D vs EF 0 0 0 -2 1 1 1
E vs F 0 0 0 0 -1 1 1

5. D.
Early Late
Sf La Nb Ks Ia df
Early vs Late -3 -3 2 2 2 1
Sf vs La -1 - 0 0 0 1
Nb vs Ks+Ia 0 0 -2 1 1 1
Ks vs Ia 0 0 0 -1 1 1

6.
Rhizobium strains
1 2 3 4 5 6
N content (mg)
Means 28.8 24.0 14.6 19.9 13.3 19.4

ANOVA
Source df
Bet Trt 5
Within Trt 24
Total 29

a. LSD
LSD = t.05*SED (SED = standard error of a difference)
SED = sqrt((2)(11.79)/5) = 2.17
t.05,24 df = 2.064
LSD = 4.48

Make array of means:

Rhizobium strains
1 2 4 6 3 5
Means 28.8 24.0 19.9 19.4 14.6 13.3
LSD ___ __________ __________
__________
LSD a b bc c d d

b. DMR
DMR a b b b c c

p= 2 3 4 5
R= 1.00 1.05 1.08 1.10
D = R*LSD 4.48 4.70 4.84 4.93

7.
Treatments K0 K1 K2 K3 K4
Means 12 17 21 22 24
c b a a a

8. A.
31 30 25 24 20
a a b b b

8. B.
37 33 31 29 25
a ab b bc c