FE177466 ISSN 0335-3931

NF EN ISO 10447
French standard 4 April 2015

Classification index: A 89-580

ICS: 25.160.40

Resistance welding — Testing of welds —

Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot
and projection welds
F : Soudage par résistance — Essais des soudures — Essais de pelage
et de déboutonnage au burin appliqués aux soudures par résistance
par points et par bossages
D : Widerstandsschweißen — Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen —
Schäl- und Meißelprüfung von Widerstandspunkt- und
Buckelschweißverbindungen

French standard approved

by decision of the Director General of AFNOR.
Replaces the approved standard NF EN ISO 10447 of October 2007.

Correspondence The European standard EN ISO 10447:2015 has the status of French standard and
reproduces in full the international standard ISO 10447:2015.

Summary This document specifies the procedures and recommended tooling to be used for
peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and projection welds made in two or more
sheets in the thickness range of 0,5 mm to 3,0 mm.
The chisel test is a destructive test or not, allowing in the 2nd case to check if a weld
was made without rupture.
The destructive chisel test and the peel test to determine the dimensions of welding,
define the failure mode (symmetric, asymmetric, partial rupture to the interface), and
measure the rupture force.

Descriptors Technical International Thesaurus: welding, resistance welding, spot welding,

projection welding, resistance seam welds, tests, procedure, tensile stress.

Modifications With respect to the replaced document, the main modification concerns the update
of the vocabulary of spot and projection welds with respect to NF EN ISO 17677-1 .

Corrections

Published and distributed by Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR — French standard institute) — 11, rue Francis de Pressensé —
93571 La Plaine Saint-Denis Cedex — Tel.: + 33 (0)1 41 62 80 00 — Fax: + 33 (0)1 49 17 90 00 — www.afnor.org

© AFNOR — All rights reserved Version of 2015-04-P

NF EN ISO 10447 —2—

Standards

Standards are designed to serve as a basis in relations between economic, scientific, technical and social
partners.

By nature, application of a standard is voluntary. When stipulated in a contract, it is binding on the parties.
Legislation may require all or part of a standard to become compulsory.

The standard is a document defined by consensus within a standardisation body involving representatives
of all stakeholders. It is submitted for public consultation prior to adoption.

The standard is regularly reviewed to assess its appropriateness over time.

Any standard is considered to be effective as from the date presented on the first page.

Understanding standards

The reader's attention is drawn to the following points:

Only the verbal form shall is used to express one or more requirements that shall be satisfied in order to
comply with this document. Such requirements may be contained in the body of the standard or in a so-called
"normative" annex. For test methods, the use of the imperative corresponds to a requirement.

Expressions involving the verbal form should are used to express a possibility that, while preferred, is not
actually necessary in order to comply with this document. The verbal form may is used to express practical,
but not mandatory advice or suggestions, or permission.

Furthermore, this document may provide additional information aimed at making certain elements easier to
understand or use, or at clarifying how such elements are applied, but without actually defining a requirement.
These elements are presented as notes or informative annexes.

Standardisation commission

Acting within a given field of activity, a standardisation commission features the necessary expertise for
preparing French standards and defining France's positions in European and international draft standards.
The commission may also prepare experimental standards and technical reports.

If you would like to provide feedback on this document, make suggested changes or take part in the
document's revision, write to "norminfo@afnor.org".
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 10447
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2015

ICS: 25.160.40 Supersedes EN ISO 10447:2007

English Version

Resistance welding — Testing of welds —

Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot
and projection welds
(ISO 10447:2015)

Soudage par résistance — Widerstandsschweißen —

Essais des soudures — Essais de pelage Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen —
et de déboutonnage au burin appliqués Schäl- und Meißelprüfung von Widerstandspunkt-
aux soudures par résistance par points et par bossages und Buckelschweißverbindungen
(ISO 10447:2015) (ISO 10447:2015)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained
on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Comité Européen de Normalisation

European Committee for Standardization

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© CEN 2015 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide
for CEN national Members.
Ref. no. EN ISO 10447:2015 E
EN ISO 10447:2015 (E)

Foreword

This document (EN ISO 10447:2015) has been prepared by IIW "International Institute of Welding" in collaboration
with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
August 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10447:2007.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries
are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10447:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10447:2015 without any modification.

2
 ISO 10447:2015(E)


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Test specimens........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
5 Test procedure......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Chisel test..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.2 Peel test.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 Measurement of weld size.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
6 Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11

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ISO 10447:2015(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is IIW, International Institute of Welding, Commission III.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10447:2006), which has been technically
revised.

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 ISO 10447:2015(E)


Introduction
This edition of ISO 10447 includes figures showing failure types and fracture modes of resistance spot
and embossed projection welds in accordance with ISO 14329:2003.
The previous edition of ISO 10447 was revised to align it with ISO 17677-1.

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved  v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10447:2015(E)

Resistance welding — Testing of welds — Peel and chisel

testing of resistance spot and projection welds

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the procedures and recommended tooling to be used for peel and
chisel testing of resistance spot and projection welds. This International Standard applies to welds made
in two or more sheets in the thickness range of 0,5 mm to 3,0 mm.
The aim of these tests is to determine
— weld size and failure type when welds are destructively tested, and
— verification of welds by non-destructive chisel tests.
NOTE The preferred method of peel testing seam welds (mechanized peel testing) is covered in ISO 14270.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO  14270, Specimen dimensions and procedure for mechanized peel testing resistance spot, seam and
embossed projection welds
ISO 17677-1, Resistance welding — Vocabulary — Part 1: Spot, projection and seam welding

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17677-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
chisel test
destructive test with a chisel in which welds are tested by applying a predominantly tensile force that
results in stresses primarily normal to the surface of the joint interface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

3.2
peel test
destructive test in which welds are tested by applying a peel force that results in stresses primarily
normal to the surface of the joint interface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2a and Figure 2b.

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ISO 10447:2015(E)


a) Type 1 b) Type 2 c) Type 3

(recessed chisel) (testing from one side) (testing from both sides)

Figure 1 — Chisel testing of resistance spot and protection welded joints

a) Manual peel test b) Mechanized peel test

Figure 2 — Peel testing of resistance spot and projection welded joints

4 Test specimens
When used for quality control in production, tests shall be conducted on actual components or specimens
taken from actual components.
When used for setting welding parameters, where it is not practical to use actual components, separate
welded test pieces may be used. The test pieces shall be produced from the same material used for
the component, and welded under conditions adapted to simulate and produce the same required weld
quality. The effects of different shunt or impedance conditions should be taken into account when
producing the test pieces by inserting sufficient material in the throat of the machine to approximate
the magnetic effect of the workpiece under production conditions.

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5 Test procedure

5.1 Chisel test

A chisel shall be used to separate the sheets adjacent to the weld under test.
Typical chisel designs are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The chisel geometry should be chosen based
on the workpiece thickness and geometry, weld diameter, distance between welds, and whether the
weld is to be destructively or non-destructively tested (see Table 1).
The slot in the chisel shown in Figure 3 is only necessary if the axis of the chisel is placed at the centre
of the weld.
The chisel should be driven between the sheets manually by a hammer or tool with e.g. pneumatic,
electric or hydraulic drive.
Dimensions in millimetres

a) Chisels for weld diameter < 8 mm

b) Chisels for weld diameter < 13 mm

Key
1 burr to be removed from all corners

Figure 3 — Typical dimensions of chisels

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ISO 10447:2015(E)


The results of chisel testing can be influenced by the following factors:

a) chisel shape – dimensions and condition;
b) hammer type – mass and type of blow;
c) test specimen – sheet thickness;
d) position of the weld in relation to the sheet and its edge;
e) position of the chisel relative to the weld;
f) insertion depth of chisel.
Before non-destructive chisel testing is implemented in production, the effectiveness of the test shall be
verified by destructive tests. Non-destructive chisel testing should be used with considerable caution,
especially when used with high strength steels. Joint design and material thickness can also influence
the results.
Dimensions in millimetres

a) Type 2-1 chisel (for thickness ≤ 2 mm)

b) Type 2-2 chisel (for thickness > 2 mm)

Key
1 arbitrary value

Figure 4 — Examples of dimensions of chisels for non-destructive chisel test

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Table 1 — Selection of recommended chisels for chisel testing

Chisel design Test type For testing

(Destructive or
Weld diameter, dw Plate thickness, t
non-destructive)
(mm) (mm)
Figure 3a Both < 8 –
Figure 3b Both < 13 –
Figure 4a Non destructive – ≤ 2,0
Figure 4b Non destructive – > 2,0

For destructive chisel testing, a chisel shall be driven between the sheets and adjacent to the weld until
fracture occurs in or adjacent to the weld, or until severe deformation occurs. The aim of this test is to
separate the sheets so that a weld plug or interfacial fracture occurs to allow weld size to be determined.
In the case of a weld between three or more sheets, the test shall be made between each adjacent pair
of sheets.
For non-destructive chisel testing, a chisel shall be driven between the sheets and adjacent to the weld
until the material yields or bends near the weld. The aim of this test is to obtain an indication that a weld
has been made without causing fracture to occur in or adjacent to the weld. In the case of a weld between
three or more sheets, the test shall be made between each adjacent pair of sheets. If fracture has not
occurred after testing, the components shall be restored to their original shape.

5.2 Peel test

The peel test is a destructive test for determining weld size and fracture mode of a welded lap joint.
The sheets near the weld are slowly peeled apart until all welds under test are completely fractured.
A roller tool, pincers, pliers, vise, or mechanized equipment (see Figure 2 and Figure 5) are typically
used. If a roller tool is used, a diameter of 30 mm is recommended for sheet thicknesses up to 1 mm in
accordance with Figure 5a. Testing using a vise and pliers shall be in accordance with Figure 5b.
For materials that are too thick or too strong to be tested manually, mechanized testing in accordance
with ISO  14270 is recommended. The applied force may be generated by means of a normal tensile
testing machine or other suitable mechanized equipment.
Fracture mode and plug size can vary depending on the direction of the applied force.
Peel testing can be applied to test specimens cut from production components or welded test pieces.

5.3 Measurement of weld size

A destructive chisel test or peel test allows the measurement of the weld size and assessment of the
failure type in accordance with ISO  17677-1. In the case of mechanized testing in accordance with
ISO 14270, it can also be possible to measure the force at failure.
The maximum and minimum diameters of the weld (d1 and d2) shall be measured to determine the weld
size (dw) in accordance with Figure 6 and Figure 7b.

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ISO 10447:2015(E)


a) Peel testing using a vise and a roller

b) Peel testing using vice and plier

Key
1 test piece
2 vice
3 weld
4 peeling direction
5 pliers

Figure 5 — Manual peel test configurations

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a) Symmetrical plug a

b) Asymmetrical plug a

c) Partial plug b

Key
1 interfacial fracture
a
d w = d p = ( d1 + d 2 ) / 2

d w = ( d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 and
b

d p = ( d 2 + d3 ) / 2

Figure 6 — Examples of weld diameter measurements when plug failures are observed

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ISO 10447:2015(E)


Precautions should be taken when measuring weld size, particularly for asymmetrical welds.
In the case of plug failure, fracture can occur in the parent metal away from the weld. If possible, this
excess metal should be folded back or removed. If this is not possible, then only one dimension can be
measured. A knife-edged gauge or measuring device as shown in Figure 7a is used for the measurement
of weld diameters with plug failure. The average diameter of the weld, dw, is calculated from d1 and d2
using the following Formula (1):

d w = ( d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 (1)

When only one dimension is measured, it is considered to be the weld diameter, dw.
In the case of partial plug failure, the maximum and minimum plug diameters (d2 and d3) should also
be measured and recorded. The average diameter of the plug, dp, is calculated using the following
Formula (2):

d p = ( d 2 + d 3 ) / 2 , for partial plug failure.

(2)

Depending upon the application, for asymmetric welds, the ratio between d1 and d2, shall be specified
and included in the test report.
The strength of the weld might vary depending on the direction of the applied force when the weld shape
is asymmetric.
Weld diameter dimensions should be rounded down to the nearest 0,1 mm. In the case of an interface
failure (see Figure 7b), the weld diameters (d1 and d2) should be measured using a pocket lens or
magnifier with an incorporated scale to determine the edge of the interfacial fracture accurately. If
a smooth pressure welded bond zone (corona bond) is present, only the rough fracture zone shall be
measured.

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a) Plug failure

b) Interface failure c

Key
1 jaws of knife-edged measuring tool
2 sheared or fractured faying surface
3 corona bond zone
4 nugget
5 rough fracture zone
a Diameter of the corona bond.
b Diameter of estimated nugget zone (i.e. weld diameter).
d w = ( d1 + d 2 ) / 2
c

NOTE The cross sections shown in Figure 7 are used only for explanation. Nugget diameter can be measured
on an etched cross section of the weld. This measurement does not need any etched cross sections of welds.

Figure 7 — Measuring weld diameter

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ISO 10447:2015(E)


6 Test report
A test report shall include at least the following:
a) a reference to this International Standard (i.e. ISO 10447);
b) type of test (chisel or peel);
c) description of test equipment;
d) welding process (resistance spot or projection);
e) welding equipment;
f) welding parameters;
g) material information;
h) weld size (d1, d2, d3, dw, dp, as appropriate);
i) ratio of maximum to minimum value (of d1 and d2) for each weld, if required;
j) failure description (symmetrical plug failure, asymmetrical plug failure, partial plug failure,
interfacial failure, etc.);
k) other data specified.

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Bibliography

[1] ISO 14329:2003, Resistance welding — Destructive tests of welds — Failure types and geometric
measurements for resistance spot, seam and projection welds

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