TELECOMMUNICATION INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Question 1. What Are The Different Types Of Gsm Antenna?

Answer : ANDREW (65*, 90*)

KATHREIN,
TIL-TEK,
ALGON.

(They all are the directional antenna's used by the telecommunication service provider
operator's. like airtel, vodafone, idea, b.s.n.l, tata-docomo, reliance etc)

Question 2. Do You Know Which Type Of Connector We Use At The End Of Gsm
Antenna?

Answer : 7/8'"din male if feeder is 7/8,or 7/16'" if feeder is 1/2

Question 3. Which Type Of Connector We Use In Fifa Card?

Answer : TNC Male Connector is used in FIFA card.

SMB Connector is used in FIEA card.
RJ48c Connector is used in FIPA card.

Question 4. What Is The Difference Between Tcp And Udp?

Answer : TCP is Transmission Control Protocol and connection

oriented protocol.
UDP is User Datagram Protocol and connectionless protocol.
use in stock market for information sending and receiving.

Question 5. How Does The Traceroute Work?

Answer : Trace route nds out when the packet has reached the destination point
by including a port number that is outside of the normal range. When it is received, a
"port unreachable" message is returned, enabling trace route to determine the time
length of the nal hop.

Question 6. What Is The Layered Architecture Of The Internet? In A Wireless

Network, Describe How Each Layer Would Be Different From A Wired Network?

Answer : 5- Layer architecture of the Internet: 

 Application (Layer 5)
Transport (Layer 4)
Network (Layer 3)
Data Link (Layer 2)
Physical (Layer 1)

Question 7. Explain We Use Pswb Card In Which Case?

Answer : pwsb is known as power supply card and it is used for the power
distribution to trx cards in case of ultra bts and dtrx cards in case of exi bts

Question 8. How Many Maximum Slots We Can Use In Esma Card?

Answer : There are 6 slots in ESMA , we can use all of the 6 while connecting 6 dtrx
in 4,4,4 mode but if we want to add sectors then we will require ESEA for this we need
to vaccant one slot to connect ESMA to ESEA, but ESEA has 12 slots so total 12+5
slots can be used

Question 9. What Is The Height Of Esma Card?

Answer : 3(HEIGHT UNIT).

Question 10. What Is The Height Of Bts?

Answer : Generally height of an antenna is 45m to 70m accorading to as par

geographycal area hight.it is change from area to area.

Question 11. Explain What Is Bts? What Are Its Different Con gurations And What Is
The Power Consumption/peak Current For Each Of These Types Of Bts?

Answer : BTS abbreviated for Base Transiever Station is a collection of

transmission and reception card designed for routing of signals from end user to msc
and vice versa.

There are many types of BTS depending on the manufacturing companies viz
nokia,ericcsion, zte,huwai etc ...i've worked on a few so can tell u about them in nokia
there is practically 2,2,2/4,4,4/8,8,8 con guration but this may vary depending upon
the tra c requirement of the circle. mostly composite con gurations are used, like
2,3,3 or 2,2,4 etc.

These nos are nothing but no of trx cards in each sector , for example 2,2,2 is 2 trx
cards in each of three sectors. power consumption also is different for each type of
BTS, for NOKIA's Flexi indoor BTS running on 222 con g power requiremnt will be
approx 48 watts per hour typically on every BTS 48V is supplied with negative polarity. 
Question 12. Explain What Is Blackberry? Please Make It Clear For A Layman?

Answer : Blackberry is a top most Brant & high speed internet using cell phone on
this cell phone available many more advanced options so very comparable cell phone
for every parson

Question 13. Why The Rsl Of Microwave Link Is In -ive?

Answer : Because it is very low value which have less loss of signal and less
interfernce.

Question 14. What Is The Frequency Band For 3g?

Answer : 2100 MHZ Not 2100 only

Question 15. What Is The Total Output Power Of An Complete Bts, In Dbm And Watts?

Answer : 43dbm/20Watt is the output power of one TRx.The total output power
depends on the number of Trx.

Question 16. Tell Me Bts Con guration 4+2+2?

Answer : As per the utilization of sector,we can con gure the sectors a,b,c like
below combination...

if 1st sector utilization is high 4+2+2

if 2nd sector utilization is high 2+4+2
if 3rd sector utilization is high 2+2+4

Question 17. Explain The Difference Between Noc & Nms?

Answer : Network operation center (NOC). NOCs are responsible for monitoring the
network for alarms like as power fail, Service affected alarm (site down,LAPD OML
fault, TRX close HPA alarm etc)& communicate its eld engineer to solved
the problem. if need any support for software base they provide to recover the
problem.

A Network Management System (NMS) is a combination of hardware and software

used to monitor and administer a network. Communicate with NOC recover the
Alarm. 

NMS-->NOC-->Field Engineers=Solved the problem.

Question 18. Explain What Kind Of Internet Speed Control Facilities (exact Name) Do
Internet Service Provider Use And Is It Possible To Check Internet Speed Of Each
Individual Consumer Like Speedtest.net Does?
Answer : Make a server and check individual internet speed.

Question 19. What Is Vswr?

Answer : VSWR stands for voltage standing wave ratio the ratio of the maximum to
minimum value of standing wave pattern along a transmission line to which a load is
connected. it show how much signal is transmitted and re ected back.using site
master we can measure vswr.its rang is 1.00-1.30

Question 20. What Is The Frequency Range Used For Bluetooth In India?

Answer : Bluetooth Works on 2.4 GHz

Question 21. What Is The Time Taken For 1 Satellite Hop In Voice Communication?

Answer : The time taken for 1 satellite hop in voice communication is 1/2 seconds

Question 22. What Is The Maximum Number Of Satellite Hops Allowed In Voice
Communication?

Answer : Only Two Hops

Question 23. What Frequency Voice Is Sampled?

Answer : It is sampled at 8Khz as per Sampling theorem to reproduce successfully

in the other end.

Question 24. Explain Buffering?

Answer : Buffering is a method of overlapping the computation of a job with its

execution. It temporarily stores input or output data in an attempt to better match the
speeds of two devices such as a fast CPU and a slow disk drive. If, for example, the
CPU writes information to the buffer, it can continue in its computation while the disk
drive stores the information.

Question 25. What Is The Type Of Signaling Used Between Two Exchanges?

Answer : Different type of signalling in used between two exchanges. its depend

upon type of exchange some exchange used q sig between each other some
excahnges used is nt between exchanges. so many other type. there are ve type of
signaling is being used in the world.

Question 26. Differences Between Wireless Network And Wired Network?

Answer :
 Wired network uses wires (e.g., twisted pair, coax,  ber optic) as
transmission media in physical layer. Wireless network uses air waves, which
requires different coding, modulation schemes.
Interference and collision is much more severe in wireless networks. Data
link layer in wireless network uses different techniques to avoid collision and
make sure data was received.
Wireless network needs to deal with device location and handover in
network layer. In wireless ad hoc networks, routing can be different than wired
networks.
No big difference between wireless and wired network in transport layer.
Application layer is unaware of the physical aspects of the network.
Application layer in wired network supports services like FTP, SMTP etc.

One can also take the physical layer characteristics into account when writing
an application.

Question 27. What Is Cdma Technology?

Answer : CDMA means Code Division Multiple access.

Question 28. Which Type Antenna Uses In Mobile Communication?

Answer : Pole Antenna-for local coverage.

Microwave Antenna-for point to point communication transreciver,in
different area BTS communication...

Question 29. What Do You Mean By Fdma? Explain?

Answer : Frequency Division Multiple Access or FDMA is a channel access method

used in multiple-access protocols as a channelization protocol. FDMA gives users an
individual allocation of one or several frequency bands, or channels. Multiple Access
systems coordinate access between multiple users. The users may also share access
via different methods such as TDMA, CDMA, or SDMA. These protocols are
utilized differently, at different levels of the theoretical OSI model.

Disadvantage: Crosstalk which causes interference on the other frequency and may

disrupt the transmission.

Question 30. What Was Cdma Origin?

Answer : It was originated at USA.

Question 31. How Cdma Works?

Answer : Each user is assigned a unique code and they can use the entire
bandwidth available.It is like Ten persons in a meeting room are talking at the same
time but with different languages.

Question 32. How Cdma Is Different From Gsm?

Answer : GSM is Global System For Mobile Communication.GSM uses Time

Division Multiple Access means Ten persons in a meeting room and only speaks
whenever their turn comes.

Question 33. Explain Ipv4 And Ipv6 Address Bit?

Answer : IPV6 is advanced version of IPV4. the address of IPV^ is 128 bits with
extend able memory and that of IPV$ is 32 bits.

Question 34. Explain Ip Addresses Range A,b,c,d,e?

Answer : Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on

each of 127 networks. 
Class B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts  on each of
16,000 networks. 
Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2
million networks. 
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups. 
Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or
Research and Development Purposes.

Question 35. What Is The Difference Between Internet And Isdn?

Answer : Isdn is a type of data and internet service that makes use of digital signals
running along existing copper lines to increase the data throughput, reduce line noise
and enhance signal quality. Whereas, Internet is a packet-switched network of
interconnected computers, enabling users to share information along multiple
channels. Channels which can be made available by using ISDN for example! That
makes the difference.

Question 36. What Is The Cdr Format Generated By Zte Nes?

Answer : Comma Separated.

Question 37. What Is The Difference Between Collision Domain And Broadcast
Domain?

Answer : Collision domain is the group of hosts in which collision can occur but
broadcast domain consists of all the groups of hosts that can proceed the broadcast
frame. Broadcast domain may be collision domain but Collision domain may not
be broadcast domain

A collision domain is an Ethernet term used to descrbe a network,collection of devices

in which one particular device sends a packet on a network segment.A broadcast
domaun is where a set of all device on that same segment hear all broadcasts sent on
that segment.

Question 38. Explain Gsm Call Flow For Ms To Sms? And Gsm Call Flow Fro Ms To
Roaming Ms?

Answer : First SMS is submitted to SMSC. than it is forwarded from there to SMS

gateway. SMS Gateway retrrives Routing info from HLR and send it to MSC. MSC gets
current location from VLR of receipent mobile and delivers Msg.

Question 39. Explain Call Flow For Roaming Mobile To Roaming Mobile?(both Users
Are Belongs To Same State But Staying On Roaming In Different States)

Answer : If a Roaming Mobile A call to a roaming mobile B,SRI query will come to

Home HLR,which then provides the exact MSC address of roaming Mobile B.MSC
where Raoming mobile B present will provide a MSRN Which will be provided to
MSC which is current serving Roaming Mobile A via HLR. MSRN will be used to route
the Call.

Question 40. Explain Gsm?

Answer : GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile

communications, reigns as the world's most widely used cell phone
technology. 
Cell phones use a cell phone service carrier's GSM network by searching
for cell phone towers in the nearby area. 
The origins of GSM can be traced back to 1982 when the Groupe Spécial
Mobile (GSM) was created by the European Conference of Postal and
Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) for the purpose of designing
a pan-European mobile technology.

Question 41. Explain Functional Concept Of Gsm And Cdma?

Answer : GSM/CDMA:

CELL and Sector with multiple frequency / CDMA single frequency as carrier
{users are get identi es by codes}
used TDMA and FDMA for Accesing /CDMA uses CDMA method
GSM is intial 2G technology with intial voice rate of 9.6kbps/same with 14.4kbps
GSM emerges into WCDMA/cdma emerges into cdma 2000 
power control in acces method is comparitively not e cient (when compare to
CDMA)/ cdma as PLL(phase locked loops for power transmission) better 
call hand off and network hand off is not smoother in GSM/ CDMA follows soft
handoff and handling call hence more e cient
GSM use less bandwidth and more power comparitively / CDMA uses less
bandwidth and more power
cost wise for opeartor GSM is less costlier , but e ciency wise CDMA is better

Question 42. What Is Bridging?

Answer : Ridging is a forwarding technique used in packet-switched computer

networks. Unlike routing, bridging makes no assumptions about where in a network a
particular address is located. Instead, it depends on ooding and examination of
source addresses in received packet headers to locate unknown devices. Once a
device has been located, its location is recorded in a table where the MAC address is
stored so as to preclude the need for further broadcasting. The utility of bridging is
limited by its dependence on ooding, and is thus only used in local area networks.

Bridging generally refers to Transparent bridging or Learning bridge operation

which predominates in Ethernet. Another form of bridging, Source route bridging, was
developed for token ring networks.

A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2)
of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means a device that
behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch are very much
alike; a switch being a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer 2 switch is often
used interchangeably with bridge.

Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network
segments at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model; however, with bridging,
tra c from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent
network segments. Bridges are more complex than hubs or repeaters. Bridges can
analyze incoming data packets to determine if the bridge is able to send the given
packet to another segment of the network.