One Sample Z Test For Proportions PDF
One Sample Z Test For Proportions PDF
One Sample Z Test For Proportions PDF
12.51 x = 16, n = 20, 90% level. the percentage of all online adults 18–24 years of age who have
a profile on at least one social networking site.
12.52 x = 3, n = 100, 99% level.
12.55 Breast-Feeding. In the May 2008 New York Times ar-
In each of Exercises 12.53–12.56, use the one-proportion plus-
ticle “More Mothers Breast-Feed, in First Months at Least,”
four z-interval procedure, as discussed on page 551, to find the
G. Harris reported that 77% of new mothers breast-feed their in-
required confidence interval. Interpret your results.
fants at least briefly, the highest rate seen in the United States
12.53 Bank Bailout. In the January 2009 article “Ameri- in more than a decade. His report was based on data for 434 in-
cans on Bailout: Stop Spending,” P. Steinhauser reported on fants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Sur-
a CNN/Opinion Research Corporation poll that found that, of vey, which involved in-person interviews and physical examina-
1245 U.S. adults sampled, 758 opposed providing more govern- tions. Find a 90% confidence interval for the percentage of all
ment money for the financial bailout of banks. Obtain a 95% con- new mothers who breast-feed their infants at least briefly.
fidence interval for the proportion of all U.S. adults who, at the
time, opposed providing more government money for the finan- 12.56 Offshore Drilling. In the July 2008 article “Americans
cial bailout of banks. Favor Offshore Drilling,” B. Rooney reported on a CNN/Opinion
Research Corporation poll that asked what Americans think
12.54 Social Networking. A Pew Internet & American Life about offshore drilling for oil and natural gas. Of the 500
project examined Internet social networking by age group. Ac- U.S. adults surveyed, 150 said that they opposed offshore
cording to the report, among online adults 18–24 years of age, drilling. Find a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of all
75% have a profile on at least one social networking site. Assum- U.S. adults who, at the time, opposed offshore drilling for oil and
ing a sample size of 328, determine a 95% confidence interval for natural gas.
Economic Stimulus In late January 2009, Gallup, Inc., conducted a national poll
of 1053 U.S. adults that asked their views on an economic stimulus plan. The ques-
tion was, “As you may know, Congress is considering a new economic stimulus
package of at least 800 billion dollars. Do you favor or oppose Congress passing
this legislation?” Of those sampled, 548 favored passage. At the 5% significance
level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a majority (more
than 50%) of U.S. adults favored passage?
† The one-proportion z-test is also known as the one-sample z-test for a population proportion and the one-
variable proportion test.
558 CHAPTER 12 Inferences for Population Proportions
Step 4 The critical value(s) are Step 4 Use Table II to obtain the P-value.
±zα/2 −zα zα
or or P - value
(Two tailed) (Left tailed) (Right tailed)
Use Table II to find the critical value(s). P- value P -value
z z z
− |z0 | 0 |z0 | z0 0 0 z0
Reject Do not Reject Reject Do not reject H 0 Do not reject H 0 Reject
H0 reject H 0 H0 H0 H0 Two tailed Left tailed Right tailed
Because both np0 and n(1 − p0 ) are 5 or greater, we can apply Procedure 12.2.
Step 4 The critical value for a right-tailed test is zα . Step 4 Use Table II to obtain the P-value.
Use Table II to find the critical value.
From Step 3, the value of the test statistic is z = 1.30.
For α = 0.05, the critical value is z 0.05 = 1.645, as The test is right tailed, so the P-value is the probability
shown in Fig. 12.2A. of observing a value of z of 1.30 or greater if the null
hypothesis is true. That probability equals the shaded
FIGURE 12.2A area in Fig. 12.2B, which by Table II is 0.0968.
Do not reject H 0 Reject H 0
FIGURE 12.2B
P-value
0.05
z
z 0
0 1.645
z = 1.30
Step 5 If the value of the test statistic falls in
the rejection region, reject H0 ; otherwise, do not Step 5 If P ≤ α, reject H0 ; otherwise, do not
reject H0 . reject H0 .
From Step 3, the value of the test statistic is z = 1.30, From Step 4, P = 0.0968. Because the P-value ex-
which, as Fig. 12.2A shows, does not fall in the rejection ceeds the specified significance level of 0.05, we do not
region. Thus we do not reject H0 . The test results are not reject H0 . The test results are not statistically signifi-
statistically significant at the 5% level. cant at the 5% level, but (see Table 9.8 on page 378)
the data do provide moderate evidence against the null
hypothesis.
Note: Example 12.6 illustrates how statistical results are sometimes misstated. The
headline on the Web site featuring the survey read, “In U.S., Slim Majority Supports
Economic Stimulus Plan.” In fact, the poll results say no such thing. They say only that
a slim majority (52%) of those sampled supported the economic stimulus plan. As we
have demonstrated, at the 5% significance level, the poll does not provide sufficient
evidence to conclude that a majority of U.S. adults supported passage of the economic
stimulus plan.